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THE    argonaut's    SOLILOQUY. 
See  page    342. 


THE  ARGONAUTS 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

BEING  THE  REMINISCENCES 

OF'   SCENES     AND     INCIDENTS    THAT    OCCURRED    IN 
CALIFORNIA    IN    EARLY    MINING    DAYS 


A    PIONEER 

And  beltevitig  that  it  will  be  of  some  historical  value  as  well 
as  of  interest  generally  to  know  the  navies  of  those  who 
were  the  first  to  venture  forth  in  the  search  of  gold,  and 
by  whose  energy  and  labor  the  foiaidatiotts  of  a  great  state 
were  laid,  and  also  a  general  prosperity  created  through- 
out the  entire  coutttry,  I  have  therefore  prefixed  to  the 
work  the  names  of  those  that  I  have  been  able  to  obtain, 
numbering  about  35,000,  and  including  among  them  the 
names  of  several  thousand  who  are  now  living  in  the 
various  States  of  the  Union. 


TEXT  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS  DRAWN  FROM  LIFE 
BY   C.   W.   HASKINS. 


PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR,  BY 

FORDS,    HO^VARD    &:    HULBERT 

NEW  YORK 

1890 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  yea:  1889,  by 

C.  W.  HASKINS, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


R.  Pierce  &  Co.,  Printers,  53  Lafayette  Place,  N.  Y. 


TO  THE 

SURVIVING   MEMBERS  OF  THE 

ADVANCE  GUARD 

OF  GOLD   HUNTERS, 

THE   CALIFORNIA    PIONEERS 

AND  THEIR  DESCENDANTS, 

WHO  ARE   NOW   LIVING   THROUGHOUT  THE 

UNITED  STATES, 

THIS  BOOK 

IS  MOST  RESPECTFULLY   DEDICATED 

BY  THE 

AUTHOR. 


\^t 


2594(i7 


PREFACE. 

While  residing  in  the  village  of  Kingston,  located  upon  the  Coeur 
D'Alene  River  in  the  silver  mining  regions  of  northern  Idaho 
during  the  winter  of  '87-'88,  and  being  compelled  to  remain  within 
doors  during  the  winter  in  consequence  of  the  great  depth  of  snow 
and  intense  cold,  in  order  to  pass  away  the  time  I  amused  myself  by 
writing  an  account  of  scenes  and  incidents  that  occurred  in  Califor- 
nia in  early  days  in  the  mining  regions,  and  which  came  under  my 
observation.  These  events  are  written  entirely  from  memory,  but 
I  have  endeavored  to  give  as  near  as  possible  the  correct  date  of  the 
events  and  incidents  mentioned,  as  well  as  their  location  and  names 
with  all  of  which  I  was  familiar.  As  to  the  the  correct  description 
of  scenes  and  events,  I  ask  the  remnant  of  that  band  of  sturdy 
Argonauts   who  laid  the  foundation  of  a  great  State  to   bear  me 

witness. 

C.  W.  Raskins. 


Index  to  the  Names  of  the  Forty-niners. 


Members  of  the  various  Pioneer  Associations  in  the  U.  S. 

who  are  now  living,         ......  Page  360 

Forty-niners  residing  in  various  parts  of  the  Union  who 

do  not  belong  to  any  Association,            ...  "  385 

Survivors  of  Col.  Stevenson's  Regiment,    ...  "  394 

Forty-niners  now  living  in  the  Atlantic  States,            .  "  395 

Forty-niners  who  went  over-land  to  California,            .  '*  395 

Forty-niners  who  sailed  from  City  of  N.  Y.,  .  .  "  414 
Forty-niners  who  sailed  from  the  States  of  Massachusetts, 

Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  ....  "  453 
Forty-niners  who  sailed  from  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia, 

Baltimore  and  other  Southern  ports,      ...  **  476 

From  various  Eastern  ports,      .....  "  495 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Frontispiece. 

"Hello.    Bill!" 

The  Start  for  California. 

Brazilian  Music. 

The  Swell  at  Cape  Horn. 

An  Able  Seaman. 

Forty-niners  at  the  Hotel  in  Lima. 

The  Operatic  Shark. 

The  Prolific  Topmast. 

The  Calm. 

Neptune's  Orchestra. 

The  Bullwhacker. 

"Ye  Done  it  V/eel." 

The  Dandy  Miners. 

Smoked  Out. 

The  Frisky  Flapjack. 

Hangtown  in  '49. 

"None  in  Mine." 

The  Industrious  Prospectors. 

"I  Shust  Nose  It.".' 

Bulling  the  Mine. 

"Ther,  Ther,  T, other  One." 

The  Ducks  Take  Water. 

Dutch  Charley. 

Dan  Boone  and  the  Bear. 

The  First  Rat  in  Hangtown. 

Rats  in  Sacramento  City. 

The  First  Young  Lady  in  the  Mines. 

The  Spartan  Mother. 

The  Boys  Aloft. 

Emigration  of  '50. 

The  Howly  Fragment. 


The  Argonaut  and  His  Mule. 

The  Steamboat  Runners. 

The  Miners'  Meeting. 

On  His  Trail. 

"  I'v^  Shtruck  it,  Thin." 

The  Sailor  Boy. 

The  Chap  Who  Insulted  a  Lady. 

The  Claim  Jumper. 

The  Art  of  Self-defense. 

Didn't  Believe  in  Compromise. 

The  Disgusted  Speculator. 

"Write  Often,  Boys." 

The  Jack  Tars  on  the  Hill. 

The  Geological  Lecture. 

Old  Nick's  Grand  Entree. 

A  California  Cyclone. 

Only  Two  Days  in  the  Mines. 

A  Simile. 

Female  Influence  Illustrated. 

Not  Ready  to  Go. 

The  Voice  of  Old  Dick. 

Big  George  and  the  Road  Agent. 

"There  She  Comes,  Boys.!" 

Miners'  Comfort. 

"Dis  am  a  Free  Kentry,  Massa" 

Coasting  in  Idaho. 

Law  and  Order  Triumph's. 

Charley,  the  Female  Stage  Driver. 

Hank  Monk  in  Time  for  Lunch. 

The  Picket  Guard. 

The  Gambler's  Charity. 

The  Road  Agent  Outwitted. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIOXS. 


From  Fry-pan  to  the  Fire. 

A  Newcomer. 

Force  of  Habit. 

The  Deserted  Camp. 

Syd's  Last  Prospect. 

Skunked. 

Ruined  Castles. 

Meeting  of  the  Old-timers. 

An  Unexpected  Festival. 

The  Gold-saving  Machine. 

Tex  Gives  Satisfaction. 

Not  Raising   Mutiny  but  Sugar. 

It'l  Be  Our  Turn  Next. 

Bob  the  Fiddler. 

The  Power  of  Music. 

Old-timers  in  the  Hall. 

Phantoms  of  the  Old  timers. 

Sam  Plunket  and  the  Indians. 

The  Bear  in  a  Quandary. 

The  Power  of  Beauty. 

The  Bean-pot  Comet. 

Dick  Arnold  to  the  Rescue. 

The  Brave  Policeman. 

A  New  Motor. 

The  Plum-duff. 

Donkey  Instinct. 

Tex  and  the  Alcalde. 


'49  Mosquitoes. 

The  Bear  and  the  Prospector. 

Sharpshooters. 

Discovery  of  the  Old  River  Beds. 

Lost  in  the  Mountains. 

Nature's  Lullaby. 

Discovery  of  Red  Hill  Gold. 

Bob  Lost  a  Fortune. 

The  Surprise. 

Curiosity  Satisfied. 

Mining  Ground  Transformed. 

"Is  it  Me  Agint  }" 

"No  More  Frontier  in  Ourn!" 

Not  that  Kind  of  Bird. 

The  Tarantula  in  the  Boot. 

The  Boston  Boy  and  His  Bugle. 

Found  His  Brother. 

Kanakas  at  Work. 

The  Flight  of  Time. 

The  Miller  Taking  Toll. 

Yank  Revisiting  Old  Scenes. 

Coasting  in  Idaho. 

Town  of  Wallace. 

A  Flush  Hand. 

The  Mississippians. 

The    Return  East. 

"Good  Morning,  William." 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I- The  News.     Looking  Forward.     The  Start. 
CHAPTER  II— Arrival  at  St.  Catherina.     American  Pluck.     The  Four 
Brave  Tourists. 

CHAPTER  III— A  Gale.  The  Ocean  Swell.  Cape  Horn.  The  Ma- 
gellan Cloud.     The  Native  Tradition. 

CHAPTER  IV— Arrival  in  Callao.  The  Relics  of  the  Earthquake.  The 
Frolic  with  the  English  Officers.  Target  Shooting.  The  Calm. 
Water  Spouts.     The  Shark. 

CHAPTER  V — The  Arrival  in  San  Francisco.  Gold  Machines.  Going 
to  the  Mines.  The  Bullwhacker.  Arrival  in  Hangtown.  The 
View  from  the  Hill. 

CHAPTER  VI — Business  in  the  Mines.  The  Various  Mining  Camps. 
Physicians  in  Camp.  Dr.  Rankin.  Coloma.  Process  of  Mining. 
The  '49  Emigration.     Sauerkraut.     Female  Influence  Illustrated. 

CHAPTER  VII— The  Kanakas.  The  Dry  Diggings  Deserted.  Ad- 
mission of  the  State.  Scarcity  of  Reading  Matter.  The  Cost  of 
Letter  Postage.  The  Ingenious  Bartender.  Prices  of  Drinks.  Cele- 
brating the  Fourth  of  July.     Hard  Characters. 

CHAPTER  VIII — Climatic  Changes.  Appearance  of  Familiar  Herbs, 
Rats.  The  true  Theory.  Fall  Emigration."  The  Johnson  Cut  Off, 
The  Target.  The  First  Young  Lady.  A  Spartan  Mother.  The 
Boys  Up  a  Tree. 

CHAPTER  IX — Sickness  in  the  Mines.  Earthquakes.  The  Steam- 
boat Men.  A  Miners'  Meeting.  Lucky  Bill.  Kit  Carson.  The 
Financial  Condition  of  the  Miners.  Australian  Mike  and  His  Tin 
Can.     Portuguese  Jo.     The  Divining-rod. 

CHAPTER  X — Where  the  Rich  Placers  were  Found.  Miners'  Super- 
stition.    The  Blue  Clay  Deposit.     Gold  Machines. 

CHAPTER  XI — The  Indian  War.  A  Change  in  the  Social  Conditions. 
The  Desperado.     The  Sailors.     The  Mines  Worked  Out. 

CHAPTER  XII— Mining  Speculators.  The  Lost  Brother.  Gambling. 
A  Generous  Gambler.  An  Important  Discovery.  Beginning  of 
Fruit  Culture  and  Wine  Manufacture  in  California.  The  First 
Church  Organization  in  the  Mining  Regions.  "Old  Nick"  and 
His  Animals.     "  Old  Syd."  , 


8  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  XIII— Emigration  of '51J  Churches  Erected.  Mines  De- 
serted. The  Chinese  Miners.  Hill,  River  and  Quartz  Mining. 
Nature  Frowns.  The  Course  of  Events  Change.  Fruit  Raising. 
Prospecting.     On  the  Homestretch. 

CHAPTER  XIV— The  Discovery  of  Silver  in  Nevada.  The  Stage 
Road.  Hank  Monk.  Road  Agents.  The  Parson.  The  Stool 
Pigeon.  Spirits.  The  Boys  Who  Captured  the  Thief.  A  Young 
Dick  Turpin.     The  Irishman  and  the  Road  Agent. 

CHAPTER  XV— Where  are  the  Pioneers  .'  The  Overland  Stage.  Pony 
Express.  The  Sound  of  War.  A  Wet  Winter.  The  Hotel  on  the 
Road.     The  Railroad. 

CHAPTER  XVI— The  Forty-niner.  Syd  at  the  North  Pole.  The 
Homes  of  the  Old-timers.  The  Remains  of  the  Cabins  of  the 
Forty-niners.     Panning  out  the  Old  Cabins. 

CHAPTER  XVII— Meeting  of  the  Old  Timers.  The  Buckeye  Tunnel. 
The  Best  as  It  is.  Bozer  Who  Got  Skunked.  The  Hydraulic 
Miner.     Mike's  Explanation. 

CHAPTER  XVIII— Why  are  so  Many  of  the  Old-timers  so  Poor  }  The 
Uncertainty  of  Mining.  Tex  and  Barton  Lee.  Tex  and  the  Hound. 
Tex  on  Board  the  Steamer.     Tex  at  Golgona. 

CHAPTER  XIX— Tennessee's  Letter  from  Tex.  The  War  in  Chili 
Gulch.  Sam  Brown  and  the  Chap  with  the  Mild  Blue  Eyes.  Sam 
Brown  and  the  Policeman.     Old  Kentuck  and  Sleepy  Ben. 

CHAPTER  XX— Yank  Visits  the  Old  Mining  Camp.  Yank  Seated 
Upon  the  Boulder.  The  First  Loaf  of  Bread.  The  Bean-pot 
Comet.  How  Julius  Sailed  Up  the  River.  Jeff's  Plum  Duff.  The 
Stone  Statue.  The  Old  Miner  Who  was  Robbed  on  Board  the 
Steamer.     The  Coeur  d'Alene  Mines.     Coasting. 

CHAPTER  XXI— Their  Names  Unknown.  The  Types  of  Men  in  the. 
Mines.  Pike  Illustration  of  Missouri  Character;  Bob  the  Fiddler. 
The  Power  of  Music  Illustrated.  John  Kelley  the  Musician.  Joe 
Bowers,     Jeff  Visits  Pioneer  Hall.     Old  Miners  in  San  Francisco/ 

CHAPTER  XXII— Pioneer  Hall.  Old  Mike  Explains.  Something 
Wrong.  The  Business  of  Mining.  Mike's  Philosophy.  Yank  at 
the  Bay.  The  Expressman  and  the  Broom  Pedler.  Lucky  Bill 
and  the  Gamblers.     Sam  Plunket  the  Arkansas  Beauty. 

CHAPTER  XXIII— Bill  Burnes  Lynching  the  Colored  Man.  Dick 
Arnold.  The  Mining  Regions.  The  Old-timers  Disperse.  The 
Phantoms  of  the  Forty-niners.  Forty  Years  have  Passed.  The 
Argonaut's  Soliloquy.  The  Great  Changes.  The  Flight  of  Time. 
The  Number  of  Pioneers  Now  Living. 

CHAPTER  XXIV— "Good  Morning,  William."  The  Return.  Great 
Changes. 


The  Argonauts  of  California. 


CHAPTER    1. 


The  News — Looking  Forward — The  Start. 

IN  the  winter  of  '48  I  resided  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  I  had  a 
chum.  What  boy  has  not  ?  My  chum's  name  was  Bill.  He  had 
been  absent  from  New  Bedford  for  a  few  months,  and  on  meeting 
him,  a  few  days  after  his  return,  I  greeted  him  with: 


C.*I.R, 


"  HELLO,    BILL  !  " 

"Hello,  Bill!     Have  you  heard  the  news ?  " 
"No;  what  is  it?" 

"Well;  while  you  were  away,  the  news  came  that  a  man  in  Cali- 
fornia, named  Marshall,  has  made  the  discovery  that  there's  lots  of 


lo  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Gold  out  there.  lie  found  a  big  chunk  of  it  where  he  was  at 
work." 

"  You  don't  say  so !     What's  he  going  to  do  with  it ;  did  he  say  ? " 

"  That  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  case.  There's  the  greatest  ex- 
citement here,  you  ever  heard  of.  Not  only  here,  but  all  over  the 
country,  on  account  of  the  discovery.  Thousands  of  men  are  get- 
ting ready  to  go  out  there.  A  lot  of  ships  down  at  the  wharves  are 
being  fitted  out  for  the  voyage,  and  they  are  going  to  take  passen- 
gers cheap.     Now  what  do  you  say  to  going  along  ?  " 

Eill  did  not  seem  to  enthuse  nearly  as  much  as  the  occasion 
would  warrant,  for  said  he, 

"Well,  now;  I  don't  see  what  reasons  you  can  give  for  suppos- 
ing that  there's  more  gold  there,  simply  because  this  man  found  a 
chunk  of  it." 

"But,  Bill,"  said  I,  with  undampened  ardor;  "don't  you  under- 
stand the  scientific  nature  of  it  ?  Isn't  it  likely  that  there  must  be 
lots  more  of  it  scattered  about?  Besides,  the  volcanic  character  of 
the  country  is  very  favorable  for  that  kind  of  a  product,  you  know." 

Bill  smiled  skeptically,  and  gave  me  the  benefit  of  his  geological 
knowledge  as  follows: 

"Oh,  yes,  I  know.  The  gold  is  thrown  out  from  the  bowels  of 
the  earth,  where  it's  manufactured,  by  the  volcanoes  and  scattered 
about  on  the  tops  of  the  mountains.  Then  along  come  the  earth- 
quakes and  shake  it  down  among  the  grass  roots  and  bushes  in  the 
valleys,  where  you  expect  to  scrape  it  up  by  the  bushel." 

"  Oh,  well,  it  may  prove  to  be,  as  you  say,  a  wild  goose  chase, 
after  all;  but  there's  a  ship,  now  at  the  wharf,  right  from  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  one  of  the  sailors,  who  seems  to  be  a  real  honest  chap, 
told  me  that  the  country  was  chock  full  of  gold.  He  said  that  after 
they  had  hoisted  up  the  anchor  to  start  home  he  scraped  the  mud 
off  the  anchor  and  washed  more  than  five  pounds  out  of  it — " 

"Of  what— mud?" 

"No,  of  Gold;  Real  Gold!" 

"Oh,  pshaw!     Do  you  believe  that  yarn?" 

"Why,  of  course  I  do!     Sailors  are  noted  for  their  veracity." 

"Nothing  of  the  kind.  They  have  the  reputation  of  being  the 
biggest  liars  on  earth;  especially  when  out  on  the  water  and  the  wind 
blows  hard." 

Still  true  to  my  colors,  I  protested, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  n 

"That's  impossible." 

"No,  'tis  not,  for  if  you  were  sailing  a  ship  out  at  sea  and  the 
wind  blew  real  hard,  you'd  lie  too." 

Bill's  levity  fell  upon  unappreciative  soil.  I  was  too  much  in 
earnest,  and  resumed: 

"I'm  bound  to  go  out  there.  Bill,  if  I  don't  pick  more  than  a 
hatful  of  gold  in  a  day.  There's  nothing  like  trying,  you  know. 
But  what's  the  use  of  going  after  gold,  you  say?  Well,  now,  isn't 
that  what  we  are  all  after,  and  nearly  crazy  to  get?  And,  isn't  it 
easier  to  go  to  a  country  where  you  can  scrape  it  up  from  the  ground 
or  pick  it  out  from  among  the  grass  by  the  bucketful,  than  it  is  to 
toil  and  sweat  and  worry  through  a  long  life  here?" 

I  cannot  now  remember  whether  Bill  was  just  a  little  cynical,  or 
simply  echoed  the  opinions  of  some  of  the  wiseacres  of  that  day 
when  he  parried  my  query  with, 

"There's  plenty  of  money  in  the  country  now,  and  more  is  un- 
necessary.    What  are  you  going  to  do  with  it  all  ?" 

"That's  a  singular  idea,"  I  answered.  "Do  you  suppose  it's 
possible  to  have  too  much  money  in  the  country?  Such  old,  puri- 
tanical notions  about  money  are  ridiculous.  You  and  I  haven't  too 
much  and  we  could  use  a  few  millions  to  good  advantage,  if  we  had 
them.  And  if  it  should  prove  true  that  lots  of  gold  can  be  found  in 
California,  you'll  live  to  see  this  country  step  to  the  front  among 
nations  in  wealth,  prosperity  and  enterprise." 

In  my  ardor  I  had  risen  to  unwonted  heights  of  eloquence. 

Bill  thought  that  there  was  enough  enterprise  in  the  country, 
already. 

I  assured  him  that  when  we  began  to  send  gold  back  from  Cali- 
fornia in  ton  lots,  the  various  enterprises  would  boom  to  an  extent 
never  before  witnessed  in  the  world. 

Bill  had,  however,  taken  the  negative  side  of  the  issue  and  fired 
another  broadside  at  me: 

"Yes,  but  Jo,  aren't  you  going  it  a  little  too  fast  in  anticipating 
such  big  things?  For  my  part,  I  don't  believe  that  there's  enough 
gold  in  all  of  California  to  do  all  that.  'Twould  take  bushels  of  it, 
you  know." 

Upon  confirmation  of  the  news  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia, all  was  commotion  in  the  various  seaports  of  the  Atlantic 
coast.     Vessels  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions,  from  the  small,  50  ton 


12  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 

fishing  smack,  that  would  be  compelled  to  crawl  along  near  the  shore, 
up  to  the  noble  clipper  ship,  that  was  able  to  contend  with  the  ele- 
ments in  mid-ocean,  were  fitted  up  with  conveniences  for  passengers 
in  greatest  haste.  Many  vessels  sailed  early  in  the  year  of  '49  for 
the  Eldorado.  It  was  not,  however,  until  the  spring  that  the  grand 
stampede  commenced.  By  April  i,  in  '49,  50,000  good,  able-bodied 
men,  and  a  few  women,  all  desirous  of  bettering  their  condition  and 
acquiring  wealth  in  a  much  easier  and  quicker  method  than  by  the 
old-fashioned,  slow  and  plodding  methods  of  their  ancestors,  were 
upon  their  way  to  the  other  side  of  the  continent,  willing  to  en- 
counter the  danger  from  Indians  or  starv^ation,  whilst  an  equal  num- 
ber preferred  to  risk  the  dangers  of  a  journey  by  sea  to  the  land  of 
gold.  In  company  with  about  one  hundred  others,  we  took  pas- 
sage in  the  clipper  ship  "  America,"  Capt.  C.  P.  Seabury,  from  the 
port  of  New  Bedford,  Mass.  On  the  morning  of  the  istof  April,  the 
fact  was  announced  that  all  must  be  on  board  at  10  a.  m.  The  an- 
chor was  raised  from  its  muddy  bed  below;  the  sails  were  unfurled 
to  the  breeze;  the  bow  of  our  boat  swung  round  a  bit  and  pointed 
out  toward  the  billows  in  the  big  ocean  beyond.  We  bade  farewell 
to  friends  who  accompanied  us  out  to  the  light-house;  and,  with 
hearty  wishes  from  them  that  we  might  meet  with  the  greatest  suc- 
cess in  our  venturesome  undertaking,  sailed  out  upon  the  broad 
ocean  in  the  direction  of  Cape  Horn.  We  watched  the  green  hills, 
with  which  we  had  been  familiar  from  early  childhood,  as  they 
vanished  from  sight  below  the  horizon,  and  wondered  then  if  'twas 
so  ordained  by  the  powers  above,  that  we  would  soon  be  enabled  to 
return  again  to  these  familiar  scenes  of  our  boyhood  days  with  our 
pockets  lined  with  tin  (and  some  of  us  still  continue  in  the  same 
busniess,  at  the  old  stand,  of  wondering). 

Our  passengers,  being  unaccustomed  to  the  situation,  soon  felt 
very  peculiar  sensations  produced  by  the  motions  of  the  vessel.  We 
sought  the  entrance  to  the  basement,  into  which  we  managed  to 
make  our  way  in  an  oblique  kind  of  a  style,  and  retired  to  our  sleep- 
ing apartments,  there  to  remain  until  we  deemed  it  safe  to  agai^ 
climb  out  upon  the  roof  of  the  vessel. 

We  were  satisfied  in  a  few  days  that  we  were  very  fortunate  in 
our  selection  of  a  vessel  for  the  voyage,  for  we  found  that  she  was 
a  strong,  staunch  one;  a  fast  goer,  with  a  good  crew  and  commanded 
by  an  expert  seaman,  who  understood  his  business.     Fortunately  for 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


13 


14  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

us,  perhaps,  we  had  as  passengers  a  number  of  old  veteran  (retired) 
sea  captains,  who  were  always  very  ready  and  willing,  without  re- 
muneration, to  give  our  captain  all  necessary  advice,  at  such  times 
when,  in  their  opinion,  he  needed  it.  When,  in  their  opinion,  there 
was  danger  of  the  ship  sailing  too  fast,  they  would  advise  him  to 
take  down  some  of  the  big  sails;  or,  again,  when  the  wind  was  too 
high,  they  would  become  aware  at  once  of  the  danger  of  the  ship 
running  under,  front  end  foremost,  and  at  such  times  they  would 
advise  the  captain  to  stop  her.  Under  such  conditions,  where  there 
were  many  men  of  experience  keeping  their  weather  eyes  open  for 
emergencies,  it  is  evident  that  we,  the  passengers,  felt  perfectly  se- 
cure from  danger,  and  could  sleep  without  fear. 

During  the  voyage  we  amused  ourselves,  no  doubt,  in  the  same 
manner  as  passengers  of  vessels  usually  do,  by  various  games. 
There  were  an  assortment  of  musical  instruments,  and  card  playing 
was  an  amusement  much  in  vogue;  but  a  few  of  the  younger  pas- 
sengers of  a  sporting  tendency,  would  bet  upon  the  speed  of  the 
ship  and  the  number  of  miles  we  would  sail  upon  the  succeeding 
day.  Some  of  the  older  ones,  however,  of  a  more  elevated  character, 
who  were  above  such  petty  amusements,  would  practice  at  leap-frog 
upon  deck  during  pleasant  weather.  When  the  weather  was  other- 
wise they  would  pass  their  time  below,  in  betting  with  each  other 
upon  the  number  of  plums  they  would  be  able  to  find  in  their  re- 
spective rations  of  duff,  and  many  were  enabled  to  enjoy  double 
rations  at  the  table  in  consequence.  In  the  opinion  of  many  of  the 
older  passengers,  one  very  important  fact  had  been  overlooked  in 
our  great  haste  to  start  for  the  golden  shores  of  California,  and  that 
was,  the  failure  to  make  suitable  provision  for  the  storage  of  gold 
dust.  This  was,  indeed,  an  oversight,  for  nothing  had  been  pro- 
vided suitable  for  the  purpose.  It  therefore  taxed  the  ingenuity  of 
the  older  ones,  and  many  were  the  devices  proposed.  One  very  in- 
genious and  sanguine  individual  commenced  the  manufacture  of 
leather  pouches  from  old  boot-legs  or  from  pieces  of  canvas,  main- 
taining that  these  would  be  found  the  most  convenient.  Another 
insisted  that  good,  strong,  stone  ale  bottles  were  far  superior  for 
stowing  the  finer  grades  of  dust,  and  such  was  his  faith  in  them  that 
he  had  actually  brought  two  or  three  dozen  with  him.  But  where  is 
the  limit  to  genius  or  the  faculty  of  adaptation  to  conditions,  for  if 
no  other  person  had  appeared  upon  the  stage  with  a  superior  device 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  15 

for  the  purpose,  the  inventors  of  the  boot-leg  pouch  and  of  the  ale 
bottle  devices  would  have  divided  the  honors  between  them  for  their 
ingenuity.  The  possession  of  an  older  head  with  greater  experience, 
however,  suggested  that  although  leather  pouches  and  beer  bottles 
might  answer  very  well,  they  would  probably  be  found  very  incon- 
venient to  handle  on  account  of  the  great  specific  gravity  of  gold. 
He  therefore  suggested  that  the  best  way  to  pack  the  gold  dust,  and 
the  best  means  of  handling  it,  would  be  to  put  it  into  empty  pork 
barrels,  for  these  could  be  rolled  with  ease  and  of  course  would  be 
more  convenient  for  shipping.  The  greater  portion  of  the  passen- 
gers saw  at  once  the  superior  advantages  of  the  pork-barrel  idea, 
and  resolved  to  adopt  that  method. 

One  old  gentleman  spent  his  time  in  the  construction  of  a  dredg- 
ing machine  for  raising  the  sand  from  the  river  beds,  and  for  ex- 
tracting the  big  nuggets  from  among  the  rocks  at  the  bottom;  whilst 
another  one  busied  himself  in  making  sheet-iron  scoops,  to  which 
long  poles  were  to  be  attached.  His  idea  was  to  take  his  station 
under  the  shade  of  a  tree,  upon  the  river  bank,  scoop  up  the  rich 
golden  sands  and  extract  the  gold  from  it  upon  dry  land,  without 
the  danger  of  being  sun  struck  or  wetting  his  feet.  Many  of  the 
more  intelligent  ones  among  our  passengers  kept  a  daily  record  of 
scenes  and  incidents  during  our  voyage;  but  so  much  of  this  class 
of  literature  has  been  heretofore  brought  before  the  public  that  a 
report  from  any  of  them  would  not  be  of  much  interest  at  this  time. 


CHAPTER    II. 


Arrival  at  St.  Catherina — American  Pluck — The  Four  Brave 

Tourists. 

IT  having  been  decided  by  the  Captain  of  our  vessel,  at  the  re- 
quest of  many  of  the  passengers,  that  we  visit  some  port  upon 
the  coast  of  Brazil,  upon  consulting  the  sailing  directions  of  Lieut. 
Maury,  it  was  found  that  in  order  to  do  so  it  was  necessary  to  first 
visit  the  coast  of  Africa,  to  take  advantage  of  the  trade  winds.  The 
ship's  course  was  therefore  directed  towards  the  Continent  of  Africa, 
at  which  portion  of  our  planet  we  arrived  in  good  time;  and  'twas 
not  until  we  found  that  the  dust  from  that  continent  was  accumulat- 
ing upon  our  clothing  and  other  articles  on  ship  board,  that  our 
Captain  concluded  we  were  near  enough  to  the  African  coast.  Our 
good  ship  was,  therefore,  turned  around  and  the  bow  pointed  towards 
South  America.  With  a  fair  wind  we  crossed  the  ocean  again,  and 
on  the  2oth  of  May  sailed  into  the  port  of  St.  Catherina  and  dropped 
anchor  under  the  guns  of  the  fortification  located  on  the  summit  of 
a  hill  near  tfie  town. 

We  found  lying  at  anchor  here  the  steamer  "  Senator,"  on  her  way 
to  California,  as  well  as  two  or  three  other  vessels  loaded  with  pas- 
sengers from  the  United  States  for  the  same  destination.  An  inci- 
dent in  which  the  passengers  of  these  vessels  took  a  very  prominent 
part  occurred  a  few  days  previous  to  our  arrival,  and  is  worth  relat- 
ing, as  it  illustrates  the  type  of  American  character  which  consti- 
tuted the  advance  guard  of  the  California  pioneers,  and  proves  that 
the  Americans  will  submit  to  no  indignity  from  a  foreign  race,  if 
they  possess  the  power  and  means  of  resenting  it. 

A  young  man,  a  passenger  of  one  of  the  vessels,  was  assassinated 
by  a  native,  but  for  what  reason  was  not  known,  although  supposed 
to  be  from  jealousy.  The  Americans  demanded  the  arrest  and 
punishment  of  the  assassin,  but  no  attention  was  paid  to  the  de- 
mand, and  no  efforts  were  made  for  the  murderer's  arrest,  since  he 
had  slain  only  an  "Americano."     It   may  be  of  some  interest  to 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CAUFORXIA.  17 

those  of  the  human  family  who  have  adopted  the  great  American 
Eagle  as  their  emblem,  to  know  that  at  this  period  in  their  history — 
40  years  ago — when  iron  clads  were  unthought  of  and  monitors  un- 
known, this  nation  of  people  were  not  held  in  very  high  esteem  by 
the  various  governments  and  peoples  of  the  South  American  conti- 
nent, for  the  reason  that  their  ports  were  but  very  seldom  visited  by 
our  ships  of  war,  only  upon  certain  isolated  occasions,  when  the 
American  sloop  of  war  "St.  Marys,"  or  some  craft  of  similar  dimen- 
sions, would  put  into  these  Southern  ports.  For  this  reason,  they 
seemed  to  be  impressed  with  the  idea  that,  in  comparison  with  Eng- 
land, with  the  monster  ships  of  war  with  which  they  were  all  familiar, 
the  United  States  were  of  little  consequence  and  small  potatoes  gen- 
erally. As  a  consequence,  a  demand  for  the  arrest  for  the  murderer 
of  the  young  American  was  treated  with  contempt;  but  they  were 
dealing  now  with  the  passengers  of  three  or  four  ships  who  were  on 
their  way  to  California — a  crowd  of  Americans  who  were  determined 
to  have  the  culprit  arrested  and  punished  at  all  hazards.  The  Gov- 
ernor of  the  province,  beginning  to  be  alarmed  by  their  demonstra- 
tions, for  they  had  threatened  to  capture  the  fortress  upon  the  hill 
and  to  bombard  the  town,  despatched  messengers  instantly  to  the 
Emperor  at  Rio  Janeiro  for  assistance,  believing,  no  doubt,  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  these  vile  "Americanos  "  to  capture  the  entire 
country  and  annex  it  to  the  United  States.  This  idea  arose  from 
the  fact,  as  we  heard  related,  that  the  passengers  from  one  ship  did 
actually  enter  the  fortress  and  unfolded  to  the  breeze  the  stars  and 
stripes  from  the  flag-staff,  and  some  one,  for  fun  or  accident,  had 
with  a  piece  of  charcoal  put  in  an  additional  star  which,  of  course, 
represented  Brazil.  But  peace  was  soon  restored;  the  Governor  had 
the  culprit  arrested,  and  after  a  fair  trial  he  was  shot  in  the  presence 
of  those  who  demanded  his  execution;  and  in  a  few  days  the  ships 
sailed  upon  their  course  for  California  with  passengers  satisfied  and 
contented. 

We  found,  a  short  distance  in  the  interior,  a  man  with  his  family 
from  the  State  of  Vermont,  who  had  emigrated  here  to  live  in  ease 
and  comfort  upon  the  spontaneous  productions  of  the  soil,  which 
consist  of  oranges,  bananas  and  other  tropical  fruits.  He  stated 
that  he  had  been  induced  to  make  his  home  in  this  tropical  country 
by  an  acquaintance  who  was  a  seafaring  man,  and  had  often  visited 
this  portion  of  the  earth.     Through  representations  of  the  beauty 


i8  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

of  the  country  and  the  little  labor  and  exertion  required  to  live  in 
ease  and  comfort,  he  had  been  persujided  into  coming  here. 

"The  first  year  was  pleasant  indeed,"  said  he;  "and  often  when 
we  were  conversing  upon  the  pleasures  of  such  a  life  free  from  toil 
and  care,  we  wondered  why  the  greater  portion  of  those  who  dwelt 
in  the  far  northern  New  England  States,  amidst  the  snows  and  rains 
of  their  severe  winters,  toiling  and  striving  for  the  necessaries  of 
life,  did  not  come  to  this  earthly  paradise.  These  were  our  thoughts 
and  feelings  during  the  first  year;  but,  after  a  residence  of  three 
years  in  this  beautiful  country,  with  its  warm  sunny  skies  and  its 
luxuriant  vegetation,  despite  these  advantages,  we  have  been  forced 
to  the  conclusion  that,  although  the  natives  of  the  country  were 
adapted  by  nature  to  such  conditions  of  existence,  an  American 
never  would  be.  Why,  sir,  I  can  take  more  solid  enjoyment  and 
comfort  in  one  year  ambng  the  rugged  hills  and  rocks  of  old  Ver- 
mont, where  the  maxim  is  work  or  starve,  than  it  would  be  possible 
to  find  here  in  a  lifetime,  and  I  intend  returning  to  that  country 
again  just  as  soon  as  opportunity  offers." 

It  was  here  at  St.  Catherina,  also,  that  we  saw  for  the  first  time 
in  our  lives  diamonds  in  their  rough  state  when  taken  from  the  river 
beds,  and  which,  to  all  appearances,  are  ordinary  quartz  pebbles, 
such  as  are  often  seen  upon  the  sea-shore.  In  their  original  state 
when  first  formed  in  nature's  subterranean  laboratory,  they  are  crys- 
tallized with  proper  facets  and  angles;  but  being  subsequently  de- 
posited in  the  beds  of  running  streams,  in  process  of  time  are 
worn  to  a  smooth  surface  by  friction  amongst  the  gravel  of  the 
river.  These  gems  possess  but  little  value  until  much  time  and 
considerable  labor  is  expended  in  again  restoring  the  worn  out 
facets  and  angles.  So  far  as  known  they  serve  but  one  purpose  in 
their  rough  state,  and  that  is  to  illustrate  the  fact  that  although  a 
man  may  be  very  careless  in  his  style  of  dress,  paying  no  regard  to 
the  latest  fashion  and  even  with  his  top-coat  in  rags,  yet  he  may  be 
a  real  nice  sort  of  a  man  for  all  that;  a  gem  of  the  first  water  be- 
neath a  rough  coating.  Experience  illustrates  the  fact  that  this  is 
often  the  case,  and  for  this  reason  it  would  be  as  well  before  driving 
the  tramp  from  out  the  back  yard  to  search  beneath  his  rags  for  the 
gem  that  may  possibly  be  there,  or  for  anything  else  of  value  that 
may  be  concealed. 

We  saw,  also,  a  specimen  of  the  diamond  miner,  a  few  of  them 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  19 

having  just  arrived  from  the  mines,  hundreds  of  miles  away  to  the 
West,  in  the  interior,  to  dispose  of  the  diamonds  to  the  merchants  in 
the  town.  One  of  them  explained  to  us  the  manner  of  finding  the 
valuable  gem  :  the  process  being  similar,  in  some  respects,  to  the 
methods  adopted  in  California  in  mining  for  gold  in  the  river-beds. 
By  the  use  of  wing  dams,  the  stream  is  turned,  and,  after  shovelling 
the  sand  and  gravel  from  the  bed  rock,  search  is  then  made  for  what 
are  termed  pot  holes  in  the  hard  bed  rock,  in  the  bottom  of  which 
is  found  the  diamond,  or  at  least  it  should  be  there,  but  unfortunately 
this  is  not  always  the  case,  as  all  miners  can  testify  to  with  sorrow. 

A  few  miles  inland  was  the  border  of  the  great  Brazilian  forest 
that  we  had  often  read  of  in  our  school-boy  days,  and  which,  at  this 
point,  approaches  to  within  a  few  miles  of  the  coast.  We  were 
informed  that  a  few  miles  within  this  dark  forest  could  be  found  a 
small  lake  about  two  miles  in  circumference,  and  that  it  was  filled 
with  a  great  variety  of  creeping  ferocious  reptiles,  such  as  alligators, 
crocodiles,  huge  water  snakes  and  water  lizards.  Upon  its  surface, 
also  could  be  seen  water  fowl  of  all  kinds,  and  upon  the  branches  of 
trees  surrounding  it  a  great  variety  of  birds,  with  the  gayest  plum- 
age, could  be  found.  Frolicking  amidst  the  tall  grass  upon  its 
banks  would  be  seen  a  variety  of  wild  animals,  including  beautiful 
specimens  of  the  frolicsome  Brazilian  tiger.  A  number  of  us  de- 
termined to  enter  this  dense  forest  and  investigate  the  beauties  of 
this  wonderful  lake  and  its  surroundmgs  ;  but  we  were  warned  by 
the  natives  that  it  was  a  dangerous  undertaking,  unless  we  procured 
a  suitable  guide,  as  it  was  very  dark  and  dismal  within  the  forest ; 
and  furthermore,  that  the  trails  formed  by  the  animals  were  so 
tortuous  and  crooked,  that  there  was  danger  of  getting  lost.  To 
our  inexperienced  minds,  an  undertaking  of  this  nature  offered 
irresistible  fascinations,  for  we  were  of  a  nation  that  knew  no  fear, 
and  the  national  characteristic  being  to  satisfy  curiosity,  let  the 
consequences  be  what  they  may,  why  should  we  fear?  Were  we 
not  armed  with  the  latest  discovery  that  the  inventive  genius  of  a 
Yankee  could  devise  as  a  protection  ?  Perhaps  the  animals  in  the 
forest  had  not,  as  yet,  been  made  aware  of  the  fact  ;  but  would 
they  not  crouch  in  abject  fear  when  we  entered  the  dark  trails  of 
the  vast  forest  to  see  each  of  us  carrying  in  his  hand  a  Smith  & 
Wesson,  duplex  patent,  double  back  action,  revolver,  vulgarly  styled 
a  "pepper-box"?     Well,   I   should   say  they   would,   and   so   we 


20  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

thought.  Armed  with  this  style  of  weapon,  one  pleasant  morning 
four  of  us  (the  bravest  ones)  determined  to  enter  the  forest  and 
beard  the  tiger  in  his  lair.  A  native  kindly  volunteered  to  leave  his 
daily  toil,  and,  for  a  small  fee,  guide  us  to  the  entrance  of  the 
forest.     We  exan  our  weapons,  drew  a  long   breath,  and    in 

single  file,  walked  .h'  narrow  trail  for  a  short  distance  into  the 
dark  abyss  :  then  peu,  drew  another  long  breath,  and  marched 
out  again.  Not  be  ause  we  had  any  fear  for  our  individual  selves, 
but  for  each  other,  for  each  didn't  like  to  see  the  other  torn  into  a 
mass  of  shoe  strings  by  an  enraged  tiger. 

"What  was  th't  awful  roaring  away  in  there,  do  you  reckon?" 
asked  one. 

"Oh,"  says  another.  ''That  noise  was  miles  away.  I  ain't 
afraid,  so  left  try  it  again." 

After  discharging  a  few  shots  at  imaginary  beasts,  as  a  fair 
warning  to  others  away  in  the  forest  that  were  not  imaginary,  we 
again  entered  the  dark  trail  and  proceeded  cautiously  onward.  The 
monkeys  among  the  branches  over  our  heads  would  follow  us,  and 
occasionally  approach  near  enough  to  endeavor  to  snatch  our  hats 
from  our  heads.  We  had  proceeded  in  this  manner  for  about  a 
mile,  when  a  Cape  Cod  chap,  who  was  in  the  van,  suddenly  came 
to  a  stop,  at  the  same  time  exclaiming  in  a  very  emphatic  manner, 
"Go  back!  go  back,  quick  !  "  We  all  pressed  forward,  however, 
anxious  to  see  the  cause  of  the  alarm,  and  we  saw  it.  A  few  strag- 
gling rays  of  the  sun  had  forced  their  way  through  the  thick  foliage 
above,  and  illuminated  a  small  patch  of  the  trail  of  about  two  feet 
in  extent,  and  lying  m  this  sunny  spot  could  be  discerned  the  head 
of  an  enormous  serpent.  The  body  was  there  too,  of  course,  but 
being  among  the  bushes  it  was  not  visible.  We  cared  nothing  for 
the  body,  but  it  was  the  ferocious  looking  head  that  startled  us. 
Its  eyes  assumed  all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow.  Four  pairs  of  very 
severe  eyes  were  concentrated  upon  the  eyes  of  the  monster,  which 
seemed  to  realize  the  situation,  and  from  a  feeling  of  bashfulness 
at  being  gazed  upon  by  strangers,  or,  perhaps,  having  caught  sight 
of  our  weapons,  and  recognized  the  brand,  from  an  instinct  of  com- 
ing danger  closed  its  eyes.  With  optics  partially  closed,  its  counte- 
nance assumed  a  very  amiable  expression  ;  but  a  slight  movement 
from  one  of  us  caused  it  to  again  raise  its  eyes,  and  made  one,  at 
least,  of  us  wish  that  he  hadn't  come. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  21 

"  Oh  pshaw  !  "  remarked  a  Boston  chap,  who  had  attended  high 
school  some,  **  let's  go  ahead  anyhow.  You  remember  that  Plato, 
or  some  other  fellow,  said  that  courage  was  one  of  the  virtues,  or 
something  of  the  kind.  Now  let  us  prove  that  we  are  virtuous  young 
men.     We  will  turn  his  right  flank,  and  get  to  h^  easy  enough." 

"Oh,  git  out,"  said  the  Cape  Cod  chap;  *  'ht  orm  of  animals 
hain't  got  any  right  nor  left  flank  at  all  ;  riorf^ar'.  i  neither,  'cause 
their  bodies  come  to  a  point  on  the  fur  end."  Ju  t  at  this  moment, 
the  monster  made  a  forward  movement  and  we  retired  in  a  rather 
hasty  manner,  leaving  the  serpent  to  enjoy  its  sun  bath. 

But  the  reader  would  ask,  since  we  were  so  we^l  provided  with 
weapons,  why  in  the  name  of  Caesar  didn't  we  massacre  the  brute 
at  once,  and  go  on.  It  must  have  been  f.om  fear  that  we  did  not, 
and  so  it  was.  We  were  fearful  of  shooting  each  other,  for  we  had 
practiced  so  little  with  our  weapons  that  it  had  not  as  yet  been 
positively  decided  whether  or  not  we  should  aim  right  at  an  animal 
that  we  desired  to  massacre,  or  in  the  opposite  direction.  One  of 
the  young  men  who  had  practiced  considerably  during  the  voyage 
shooting  at  the  big  waves,  and  was  always  positive  that  he  hit  them, 
somewhere,  volunteered  to  test  his  skill  upon  the  serpent,  but  for 
fear  that  the  noise  might  make  it  angry  and  cause  it  to  bite  some  of 
us,  he  was  prevented. 

As  we  emerged  from  the  forest,  our  ears  were  assailed  with  a 
most  unearthly  screeching,  that  seemed  to  come  from  the  open 
country  beyond  the  forest.  We  concluded,  at  once,  that  some 
ferocious  monster  had  by  accident  got  out  of  the  woods,  and  was 
unable  to  find  its  way  back  again.  We  examined  our  weapons» 
determined  to  sell  our  lives  at  the  highest  price,  spot  cash,  and 
marched  manfully  in  the  direction  of  our  vessel. 

The  Cape  Cod  lad  remarked,  as  we  hurried  onward,  that  the 
screeching  reminded  him  of  a  political  caucus  in  his  native  town^ 
and  ''the  cheerman  was  a-tryin'  to  call  ther  meetin'  to  order." 
Upon  reaching  a  slight  elevation,  we  saw,  in  the  'road  ahead  of  us, 
a  cart  drawn  by  a  pair  of  oxen,  and  it  was  from  this  that  the  noise 
proceeded.  We  concluded,  at  once,  that  the  cart  contained  wild 
animals  that  were  perhaps  being  shipped  to  New  York  for  Mr. 
Barnum  ;  but  upon  nearer  approach  we  found,  to  our  astonishment 
and  disgust,  that  the  terrible  Brazilian  melody  was  caused  by  the 
wheels  upon  the  axles,  which  in  this  country  are  never  greased. 


22 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  23 

We  suggested  to  the  driver,  by  certain  signs,  that  they  ought  to 
be  greased,  and  that  it  was  an  evidence  of  barbarism,  and  would 
not  be  tolerated  in  any  civilized  country.  "  Oh  no,"  he  replied, 
"Americanos  no  sabe.     Wheels  no  sing  :  bullocks  no  go." 

Well,  'tis  no  Avonder  they  go  ;  anything  would  go  from  such  a 
noise,  and  never  return.  An  army  of  Kansas  grasshoppers  would  go 
into  the  regions  above  and  never  again  return  to  earth.  The  ter- 
rible screeching  was  heard  also  on  board  of  the  ship,  and  it  even 
suggested  to  our  Captain  that  we  ought  to  go  too,  and  that  ten  days 
was  long  enough  to  remain  in  any  country  where  they  didn't  grease 
their  cart  wheels,  and  we  went.  After  taking  on  board  a  good 
supply  of  tropical  fruits  of  various  kinds,  with  bananas  in  greatest 
abundance,  which  were  suspended  to  the  ship's  rigging  in  all  con- 
venient places  until  she  had  the  appearance  of  a  banana  plantation 
going  on  an  excursion,  we  sailed  again  out  upon  the  broad  ocean 
and  laid  our  course  for  Cape  Horn,  where  we  expected  to  arrive  by 
th^  middle  of  June. 


CHAPTER    111. 


A  Gale — The  Ocean  Swell — Cape  Horn — The  Magellan  Cloud 

— The  Native  Tradition. 

AS  is  very  often  the  case  in  relation  to  human  affairs,  fate  de- 
creed otherwise,  and  in  plain,  unmistakable  language  we  heard 
whispered  by  the  gale  which  we  encountered  as  it  roared  through 
the  ship's  rigging,  "Go  slow!  go  slow!"  And  we  did.  About  three 
hundred  miles  from  the  land  off  the  mouth  of  the  La  Platte  we  en- 
countered what  all  of  the  old  salts,  as  well  as  the  young,  fresh  ones, 
declared  to  be  the  heaviest  gale  that  it  was  ever  our  misfortune  to 
encounter.  It  came  from  off  the  coast,  and  of  course  was  favorable 
for  us;  but  there  was  a  little  too  much  of  it.  The  sea  was  smooth, 
for  such  was  the  velocity  and  force  of  the  gale  that  when  a  billow 
attempted  to  assert  its  rights  and  raised  its  head  above  the  general 
sea  level,  it  was  instantly  blown  off,  leaving  in  its  place  but  a  mass 
of  white  and  seething  foam.  In  this  manner,  with  our  noble  ship 
lying  to  with  the  lee  rail  under  water,  we  remained  for  thirteen  days- 
To  cook  was  impossible,  for  the  reason  that,  at  the  angle  at  which 
our  galley  stove  cut  the  horizon,  nothing  would  stay  in  the  dinner 
pot,  and  we  were  obliged  therefore  to  eat  off-hand  and  at  random 
whatever  we  could  get.  It  was  now  getting  monotonous,  and  to  add 
to  our  troubles  the  Captain  would  not  grant  us  permission  to  go  on 
shore,  and  it  even  seemed  to  hurt  his  feelings  when  we  asked  him. 
On  the  evening  of  the  thirteenth,  the  Captain,  deprived  of  his 
accustomed  rations'of  plum  duff  and  soft  tack,  determined  upon  the 
tactics  which  he  should  adopt  the  following  day  if  the  gale  did  not 
abate  and  that  was  to  run  before  the  gale.  This  course  was  strong- 
ly objected  to  by  the  veteran  skippers  on  board,  who  claimed  that  it 
would  be  a  most  dangerous  proceeding  and  would  never  be  adopted 
by  anyone  but  a  young  and  inexperienced  commander.  They  had, 
as  they  explained,  roamed  the  seas  over  from  infancy  and  were 
well  aware  of  the  danger  of  running  before  a  gale  of  such  huge 
dimensions  as  we  were  then  experiencing.     They  therefore  strongly 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORXIA.  25 

protested  against  it  and  assured  the  Captain  that  in  case  he  did 
adopt  that  plan  he  must  be  responsible  for  all  damages  if  the  ship 
should  run  under  and  sink  away  down  to  the  bottom  in  the  cold  sea, 
which  they  were  most  positive  would  be  the  case. 

The  Captain,  however,  after  lying  all  night  on  the  edge  of  his 
bunk  determined,  notwithstanding  their  protestations,  early  the  next 
morning  to  make  a  break  for  liberty.  With  a  firm  step  and  with 
salt  water  in  his  larboard  eye,  he  ascended  to  the  deck  and  soon  the 
command  was  heard  above  the  roar  of  the  tempest:  "All  hands  on 
deck  !" 

In  a  few  minutes  every  man  of  us  was  at  his  post  as  soon  as  we 
could  find  it,  and  when  the  order  was  given  to  the  sailors  who  were 
holding  fast  to  the  wheel  to  let  her  go,  they  did,  and  it  flew  around 
in  a  most  spiteful  manner,  as  if  conscious  of  its  freedom.  The  bows 
of  the  ship  swung  around  with  the  gale  and  we  went  flying  amidst 
the  foam  upon  the  rough  surface  of  the  sea  at  a  rate  of  speed  near- 
ly equal  to  a  railroad  train,  and  in  a  few  hours  were  again  upon  our 
way  with  a  fair  wind  and  under  full  sail  in  the  direction  of  Cape 
Horn. 

"  Well,  well  !  "  exclaimed  one  of  the  veteran  skippers,  who  had 
predicted  all  kinds  of  disasters  to  the  inexperienced  Captain,  as  a 
consequence  of  his  rash  proceeding,  and  who  was  now  standing 
near  the  gangway  holding  in  his  hand  a  well-filled  carpet-bag, 
and  with  a  look  of  disgust  and  disappointment  in  his  expectations 
stamped  upon  his  weather-beaten  contenance  :  "Yer  come  outer 
that  gale  in  good  seaman  style  ;  but  if  yer  had  only  took  my  advice 
yer'd  done  it  more  'n  a  week  ago." 

We  arrived  at  Cape  Horn  on  the  4th  of  July,  and  with  a  fair 
wind  sailed  around  the  dangerous  point  and  entered  the  waters  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  This  being  our  national  holiday,  we  dressed  up 
our  vessel  in  appropriate  attire,  and  with  various  instruments  of 
music,  the  firing  of  guns  and  pistols,  celebrated  the  day  in  true 
Yankee  style,  to  the  great  astonishment  of  the  seagulls,  as  well  as 
the  immense  flock  of  birds  of  various  kinds  that  arose  into  the  air 
from  the  clefts  and  caverns  of  the  massive  rocks  of  the  coast. 

Just  previous  to  our  arrival  at  Cape  Horn,  much  surprise  had 
been  expressed  by  many  of  us  at  the  unusual  heavy  swell  of  the 
sea  or  of  the  huge  billows  we  encountered,  but  had  been  invariably 
reminded  by  the  aged  veteran  seaman  on  board  : 


26 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 


"  Oh,  pshaw  !  these  are  nothing  but  ripples  compared  to  what 
you  will  see  when  you  reach  Cape  Horn.  You  just  wait,  and  blast 
me  eyes,  but  you  will  see  them  down  there  as  high  as  the  main 
mast." 

The  consequence  was  that  we  waited.  We  now  turned  our 
attention  to  the  heavy  swells  for  which  we  had  patiently  waited,  and 
foimd  them  nearly  as  represented,  for  they  were  immense,  and  to 
take  a  view  of  them  from  the  cabin  window  at  the  stern  of  the  ship 
required  considerable  nerve,  as  it  really  seemed,  when  the  stern  was 


A   CAPE    HORN    SWELL. 

away  down  in  the  trough  between  the  great  rollers,  that  nothing 
short  of  a  miracle  could  raise  the  ship  quick  enough  to  prevent  the 
hugh  billows  from  rolling  over  her.  We  found,  however,  upon 
experimenting  with  a  long  rope  on  deck,  by  shaking  it  up  and  down 
from  one  end,  that  in  a  similar  manner  the  great  billows  do  not 
move  forward  upon  the  surface  of  the  ocean,  as  they  have  every 
appearance  of  doing,  to  the  utter  destruction  of  every  object  which 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  27 

they  come  into  contact  with,  but  that  they  simply  rise  and  fall.  It 
is  this  continual  rise  and  fall  of  the  water  on  the  surface  of  the 
ocean  that  gives  it  the  appearance  of  rolling  onward  in  the  form  of 
huge  billows. 

The  traditions  of  the  native  I'atagonians  tell  us  that  centuries 
ago  a  race  of  giants  existed  upon  the  extreme  end  of  the  South 
American  continent  ;  but  whether  that  was  their  place  of  residence, 
or  that  they  were  there  only  upon  a  picnic  excursion,  is  not  definitely 
known.  It  unfortunately  happened,  however,  that  while  there  this 
great  convulsion  occurred,  which  separated  the  extreme  end  of  the 
continent  from  the  main  land  ;  and  to  their  great  astonishment,  when 
aroused  from  their  slumbers  early  one  morning,  they  found  them- 
selves situated  upon  a  high  commanding  eminence,  at  a  distance 
from  the  main  land,  and  entirely  surrounded  by  water.  To  wade 
through  the  cold  Southern  sea  to  the  main  land  again  was  out  of  the 
question,  for  they  had  come  totally  unprepared  for  such  an  emer- 
gency, having  left  their  rubber  boots  at  home.  They  were,  however, 
giants,  and  knew  their  strength.  Breaking  the  high  mountain  upon 
which  they  stood  into  fragments  of  suitable  size  they  hurled  them 
into  the  sea  beyond,  and  using  them  for  stepping-stones,  regained 
the  said  continent  without  accident,  or  wetting  a  single  foot.  This 
is  said  to  be  the  origin  of  those  extreme  Southern  islands  which 
they  named  Terra  del  Fuego. 

The  end  of  the  continent  was  by  this  convulsion  broken  apart, 
and  through  this  break  the  waters  of  the  oceans  found  their  way, 
forming  a  very  convenient  channel  for  small  vessels  to  avoid  the 
dangers  of  the  Cape  in  passing  from  one  ocean  to  the  other.  This 
channel  was  discovered  by  Magellan. 

To  the  extreme  southern  point  of  the  solid  islands  of  rocks  is 
given  the  name  Cape  Horn,  around  which  it  is  difificult  and  danger- 
ous to  pass  in  consequence  of  the  prevailing  winds,  which  blow 
almost  constantly  from  the  west.  It  is  at  this  point,  also,  that  a 
good  view  is  had  of  what  is  called  the  Magellan  Cloud,  not  so 
named  because  Mr.  Magellan  first  discovered  it,  but  from  the  fact 
that  the  strait  which  he  did  discover,  whether  by  accident  or 
otherwise,  is  located  immediately  beneath  it.  At  night,  this  cloud 
has  the  appearance  of  a  mass  of  luminous  vapor  floating  in  space 
above,  and  such  is  its  immense  distance  from  our  planet,  that  no 
telescope    has  as  yet  been  constructed    with    power   sufficient  to 


28  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

enable  our  astronomers  to  determine  its  true  character  ;  or  whether 
it  is,  as  it  appears,  a  mass  of  luminous  vapor,  or  a  cluster  of  celes- 
tial bodies  like  our  own  universe.  Now,  is  it  not  possible  that  this 
is  another  universe  similar  to  our  own,  located  in  distant  space, 
and  in  company  with  thousands  of  other  similar  collections  of  celes- 
tial bodies  which  are  scattered  throughout  infinite  space,  all  moving 
in  one  general  direction,  and  governed  and  controlled  by  the  same 
ruling  power  ?  This  is  possible,  and  that  each  universe  is  separate 
and  distinct  from  all  others  there  is  no  doubt,  and  that  to  those 
who  are  dwelling  upon  the  various  planets  of  which  they  are  com- 
posed, our  own  universe  presents  a  similar  appearance  is  very  prob- 
able. In  viewing  these  distant  collections  of  celestial  bodies  in  the 
firmament  above,  they  may  be  very  properly  compared  to  swarms  of 
gnats  which  we  often  witness  sporting  in  the  sunshine. 

^^''ith  a  fair  wind,  we  laid  our  course  for  the  port  of  Callao,  in 
Peru.  A  few  days  followed  of  fair  wind  which  seemed  to  increase 
in  violence  as  we  proceeded,  until  it  had  assumed  the  pro- 
portions of  a  very  respectable  gale,  termed  in  Nevada  a  "gentle 
zephyr."  It  was  during  the  continuance  of  this  gale  that  a  little 
incident  occurred  which  may  not  be  of  much  interest  to  seafaring 
men,  and  one  of  ordinary  occurrence  ;  but  to  those  who  do  not  go 
down  upon  the  sea  in  ships  it  may  be  of  some  interest,  since  it 
illustrates  the  nature  and  character  of  the  requisites  of  an  able  sea- 
man and  commander.  During  the  gale,  a  block  or  shieve  upon  the 
end  of  the  main  yard  was  torn  from  its  lashings,  and  fell  upon  the 
deck.  The  ship  was  luffed  up  into  the  wind  :  the  great  seas  broke 
over  the  bows,  and  the  mainsail  threshed  about  in  a  terrible  manner 
in  its  frantic  efforts  to  free  itself  from  its  lashings,  and  to  keep  com- 
pany with  the  gale.  It  was  absolutely  necessary  that  that  block 
should  again  be  placed  and  securely  lashed  upon  the  end  of  the 
yard,  of  which  fact  all  the  officers  of  the  ship  were  well  aware  ;  but 
where  was  the  sailor  who  had  the  courage  to  go  out  upon  the  end  of 
that  yard,  when,  as  the  ship  rolled,  the  extreme  end  where  the 
block  was  to  be  lashed  was  out  of  sight,  became  buried  in  the 
white  foam  of  the  huge  billows  ?  The  Captain  ordered  no  one  to 
perform  the  dangerous  duty,  but  asked  the  first  mate,  who  was 
holding  fast  upon  the  rigging  near,  if  any  man  would  volunteer  to 
do  it  ?  The  mate,  who  was  naturally  of  a  modest  and  quiet  disposi- 
tion, raised  his  eyes  aloft  to  the  yard,  then  to  the  surging  billows  be- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


29 


low,  thought  of  his  loved  ones  at  home,  and  very  modestly  declined, 
with  thanks.  The  second  mate,  a  big,  burly  seaman,  turned  his 
port  eye  toward  the  chief  mate,  concluded  that  he  had  a  level  head, 
and  concurred  for  similar  reasons.     Our  Captain,  finding  that  no 


AN    ABLE   COMMANDER. 

one  on  board  of  the  ship  was  willing  to  perform  the  dangerous  duty, 
remarked  that  he  should  then  be  compelled  to  do  it  himself.  Tak- 
ing the  huge  block,  slung  to  his  shoulder,  he  mounted  aloft  out 
upon  the  yard,  where  he  succeeded  in  lashing  it  securely  in  its 
place,  although  not  without  a  great  deal  of  trouble  and  danger. 
The  ship  swung  off  again  before  the  gale,  and  all  danger  was  past. 


CHAPTER    IV. 


Arrival  in  Callao — The  Relics  of  the  Earthquake — the  Frolic 
WITH  the  English  Officers — Target  Shooting — The  Calm 
— Water  Spouts — The  Shark. 

THE  ship's  course  was  now  directed  towards  the  port  of  Callao, 
Peru,  where  we  arrived  about  the  loth  of  August.  We 
remained  in  this  port  about  eight  days,  visiting  in  the  meantime 
the  beautiful  city  of  Lima  located  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  a 
few  miles  inland,  and  a  portion  of  the  earth  where  a  rain-storm  is 
unknown. 

We  found  that  the  chief  and  principal  amusements  here  at  this 
time  consisted  in  cock  and  bull  fighting  ;  the  grand  arena,  with  its 
gorgeous  trappings,  being  situated  adjacent  to  and  under  the  shadow 
of  the  principal  cathedral  of  the  city. 

In  the  town  of  Callao  we  saw  the  ruins  of  the  old  city  which  was 
partially  submerged  by  an  earthquake  in  1765,  at  which  time  a  ship 
being  at  anchor  in  the  harbor  was  carried  by  the  returning  tidal 
wave  about  five  miles  inland,  where  the  old  hull  was  deposited  and 
could  be  plainly  seen.  At  ebb  tide,  the  tiled  roofs  of  many  old 
buildings  can  yet  be  seen  upon  the  sandy  beach  ;  but  the  greater 
portion,  however,  of  the  submerged  town  lies  in  deep  water,  above 
which  vessels  in  the  harbor  ride  at  anchor. 

A  little  incident  which  occurred  here  in  the  city  of  Lima  upon 
the  day  previous  to  our  arrival,  as  we  heard  related  is  perhaps 
worth  recording.  Upon  our  arrival  in  the  port  of  Callao,  we  found 
\ying  at  anchor  there,  the  U.  S.  sloop  of  war  "St.  Mary,"  as  well  as 
the  English  man-of-war  "Asia,"  and  an  English  sloop  of  war,  the 
name  of  which  I  have  forgotten.  There  was  also  in  port  a  ship 
from  Norfolk,  Va.,  having  on  board  as  passengers  about  forty 
young  men  from  Richmond  and  other  Southern  cities  on  their  way 
to  California.  There  was  a  feeling  of  jealousy  existing  among  the 
English  officers  and  these  young  Southern  bloods  in  the  city  of 
Lima,  from  the  fact  that  the  latter  seemed  to  attract  more  attention 


32 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


from  the   ladies  of   Castilian  blood.     The    EngUsh   officers   ^vere 
determined  to   revenge  themselves,  and  they  endeavored  to  do  i  , 


THE   ARGONAUTS   AT   LIMA. 

and  to  further  show  their  contempt  for  Americans  generally  in  a 
despicable  manner.  The  latter,  upon  one  °^^^;>«";  ^°"^^"^f;^  '" 
have  a  regular  champagne  dinner,  and  engaged  for  the  purpose  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  33 

large  dining-room  of  the  only  American  hotel  in  the  city,  which 
they  arranged  to  occupy  at  2  p.m.  of  the  day  appointed.  The 
English  ofificers,  to  the  number  of  thirty,  having  been  informed  of 
the  intention  of  the  Americans,  found  now  their  opportunity  for 
revenge  by  taking  possession  of  the  dining-room  at  the  appointed 
time,  and  locking  the  doors,  thus  interfering  with  the  arrange- 
ments. Unfortunately  for  them,  however,  they  had  never  fully 
understood  the  real  nature  of  American  pluck,  as  one  of  the  Eng- 
lish officers  was  afterwards  ready  and  willing  to  admit. 

At  the  appointed  time  the  Americans  met  at  the  hotel,  but  only 
to  find  the  doors  to  the  dining-room  locked  and  the  room  occupied 
by  the  English  officers.  After  a  short  consultation,  a  tall,  fine- 
looking  specimen  of  one  of  the  F.  F.  V's  knocked  upon  the  door, 
demanding  instant  admission,  but,  of  course,  was  refused.  Two 
minutes  was  then  allowed,  and  in  case  of  refusal  they  were  informed 
that  the  door  would  be  broken  in.  *'  Do  so,  at  your  peril,"  came 
from  the  inside  ;  and  almost  instantly  the  door  went  in  with  a 
crash,  and  the  tall  Virginian,  stepping  inside  to  the  head  of  the 
table,  seized  a  bottle  of  wine  and  threw  it  wnth  full  force,  striking 
the  center  of  the  table  beyond,  and  bounding  to  the  wall  upon  the 
opposite  end  of  the  room.  At  the  same  time,  thirty  or  forty  Amer- 
icans, well  prepared,  filed  in  and  took  their  stations  behind  the 
English  officers,  who  leaped  to  their  feet,  and  with  their  short 
swords  flourishing  above  their  heads  demanded  instant  satisfaction 
for  the  insult.  They  were  informed  by  the  leader  of  the  opposite 
party  that  it  was  the  latter  who  demanded  satisfaction,  and  that 
the  former  must  instantly  leave  the  room,  or  the  Americans  would 
enforce  the  demand.  After  some  loud  talking  and  threats  from 
the  leaders  of  both  sides  had  been  indulged  in,  a  more  quiet  and 
subdued  tone  was  used  ;  mutual  explanations  followed  ;  suitable 
apologies  were  given,  and  a  general  hand-shaking  followed.  Swords 
were  sheathed,  and  fortunately  the  danger  of  a  conflict  was  averted  ; 
seats,  as  well  as  an  additional  supply  of  champagne  and  other  re- 
freshments, were  ordered.  The  Americans  were  very  cordially  in- 
vited to  partake  of  the  festivities,  which  invitation  they  accepted, 
and  peace  and  harmony  prevailed. 

One  effect  of  this  incident,  was  a  greater  respect  for  the  Amer- 
ican people,  or  at  least  that  portion  of  them  who  were  at  present 
in  the  harbor  of  Callao  ;  for,  upon  the  day  following  the  incident, 


34    .  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

the  passengers  of  the  American  ships  were  very  cordially  invited  on 
board  of  H.  M.  ship  of  war  the  "  Asia,"  and  were  received  in  the 
most  hospitable  manner.  Furthermore,  through  the  influence  of 
her  commander,  a  few  passengers  of  one  of  the  American  ships 
who  were  detected  in  the  act  of  smuggling  on  shore  a  quantity  of 
tobacco,  were  released  upon  promising  to  do  so  no  more. 

Going  on  shore  one  day,  we  found  on  the  sandy  beach  three  or 
four  English  officers  who  were  practicing  target-shooting.  The 
target  was  a  board  twelve  or  fourteen  inches  square,  and  placed  at 
a  distance  of  one-hundred  yards.  They  were  practicing  with  the 
English  sporting  rifles,  some  of  them  being  fixed  up  in  a  beautiful 
style  and  ornamented  with  silver.  These  rifles  were  fired  from  a 
rest,  and  with  this  advantage  even,  the  target  was  hit  but  twice  out 
of  five  shots.  One  of  our  boys  remarked  to  them  that  he  had  an 
old  U.  S.  musket  on  board  of  the  ship,  and  offered  to  wager  that 
he  could  put  four  balls  out  of  five  into  the  target,  off  hand.  One  of 
the  Englishmen  asserted  that  that  was  a  huge  joke  "ye  know"  ; 
but  requested  our  passenger  to  bring  it  on  shore  and  prove  his 
assertion,  which  he  proceeded  to  do.  There  was  much  merriment 
among  them  when  he  returned,  bringing  with  him  an  old  style 
Springfield  rifle,  or  Jaeger,  as  they  were  usually  called  ;  but  when 
this  youth,  off-hand,  put  four  balls  out  of  five  into  the  target,  their 
merriment  subsided,  and  in  fact  they  were  astonished.  They  asked 
many  questions,  and  when  informed  that  the  U.  S.  army  was  armed 
,  with  this  sort  of  thing  they  marveled  greatly,  and  desired  permis- 
sion to  take  it  on  board  of  H.  M.  ship  of  war  for  inspection,  which 
they  did,  remarking  upon  its  return  that  it  was  an  ugly  looking 
thing  ;  but  **  by  Jove,  the  way  it  shoots  is  simply  marvelous,  ye 
know  !  " 

One  of  the  officers  asked  the  young  man  if  all  the  U.  S.  soldiers 
were  as  expert  with  the  use  of  the  gun  as  he  was,  and  he  replied  that 
he  had  just  been  expelled  from  the  army  for  one  year,  in  conse- 
quence of  being  the  poorest  shot  in  his  regiment,  which  was  Co.  Y. 
of  the  287th  regiment  of  light  infantry,  stationed  at  Fortess  Monroe; 
but  that  he  was  allowed  one  year  for  practice,  and  if  at  the  expira- 
tion of  that  time  he  could  do  the  regulation  shot  according  to 
Scott's  Manual  of  Tactics,  he  would  be  re-admitted  into  the  Army. 
When  asked  what  the  regulation  shot  was,  he  replied  that  every 
soldier  was  required  to  be  able  to  put  four  balls  out  of  five  into  a 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  35 

four-inch  ring,  off-hand,  at  a  distance  of  half  a  mile  when  ordered, 
and  no  postponement  on  account  of  the  weather. 

"  My  hies,"  was  the  only  answer. 

Having  laid  in  a  good  supply  of  fruit,  etc.,  we  sailed  out  again 
upon  the  broad  ocean  toward  the  land  of  gold.  From  this  port  we 
cannot,  however,  take  a  direct  course  for  California,  in  consequence 
of  the  irregularity  of  the  winds  along  the  coast.  We  are  therefore 
compelled  to  test  the  maxim  that  the  longest  way  around  is  in  some 
cases  the  nearest  way  home,  and  for  such  reasons  our  good  ship  is 
headed  in  the  direction  of  Japan  until  we  reach  longitude  about 
140°  W.,  from  which  point  upon  the  equator,  in  consequence  of  the 
prevailing  winds,  the  course  can  be  laid  direct  for  the  port  of  San 
Francisco. 

One  of  the  greatest  pleasures  of  a  long  tedious  sea  voyage  is  in 
speaking  other  ships,  bound  for  different  ports  of  the  world,  and  when 
the  condition  of  the  sea  and  weather  permits,  it  is  usual  to  exchange 
courtesies  by  giving  the  latest  news,  the  destination  of  your  ship, 
and  occasionally  visiting  each  other.  Many,  of  course,  were  the 
questions  asked  by  the  commanders  of  other  ships  upon  seeing  so 
many  passengers  on  ship-board,  in  that  portion  of  the  sea,  not  hav- 
ing heard  of  the  wonderful  gold  discovery.  One  commander,  in 
particular,  hailing  from  Valparaiso  and  bound  for  Cork,  who  had 
passed  several  ships  loaded  with  passengers,  very  earnestly  inquired 
if  we  Yankees  were  on  our  way  to  found  a  new  empire  somewhere 
among  the  islands  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  or  if  we  were  only  the  rear 
guard  of  Alexander's  army  searching  for  new  worlds  to  conquer^ 
We,  however,  satisfied  his  curiosity  by  informing  him  that  we  were 
neither  one  nor  the  other,  but  simply  Pilgrims  going  in  search  of 
the  new  Jerusalem  supposed  to  be  somewhere  in  California. 

We  had  now  a  fair  wind  until  near  the  equator,  where  it  then 
left  us,  and  there  fell  a  great  calm  upon  the  waters. 

It  is  in  these  latitudes  that  the  conditions  are  most  favorable  for 
the  formation  of  the  water-spout,  for  it  is  here  where  the  winds  are 
variable,  and  where  dead  calms  of  long  duration  are  the  rule,  and 
nature's  forces  find  the  breeding  grounds  for  the  marine  cyclones — 
it  is  here  that  the  germs  of  the  Kansas  cyclones  are  found,  in  their 
original  purity,  free  from  dust,  old  fence-rails,  hay,  or  ox-carts  ; 
the  upright  columns  being  filled  only  with  pure  sea  water,  drawn  up 
from  the  surface  of  the  ocean.     We  saw  many  of  them  in  all  stages 


36  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

of  growth,  from  the  newly-formed,  which  was  just  able  to  move 
along  in  an  upright  position,  staggering  and  swaying  from  side  to 
side  like  a  child  just  learning  to  walk,  up  to  the  monster  columns 
which  possessed  the  power  to  elevate  into  the  regions  above  any- 
thing with  which  it  came  in  contact,  from"  a  clam-shell  to  a  man-of 
war.  Five  were  seen  in  one  day,  and  one  of  the  laigest  of  them 
seemed  inclined  to  pay  us  a  visit  ;  but  being  aware  of  the  fact,  we 
made  all  necessary  preparations  to  give  it  a  warm  reception.  It 
changed  its  course,  from  an  mstinct  of  danger  no  doubt,  which  was 
the  general  opinion,  from  the  fact  that  an  old  seaman  declared 
positively  that  if  you  discharge  a  cannon-ball  into  this  column  of 
water,  it  will  instantly  burst,  as  the  proper  circulation  is  destroyed. 
For  the  same  reasons  also,  as  the  veteran  salt  and  able  seaman 
declared,  it  was  even  possible  sometimes  to  frighten  one  of  them  to 
death  by  running  out  of  the  port-hole  a  Quaker  gun,  and  he  said 
that  he  had  seen  several  burst  in  that  way.  It  was  the  most  eco- 
nomical way,  as  it  saved  a  lot  of  powder  ;  but  of  course  the  rest  of 
us  old  salts  didn't  believe  all  he  said  about  it. 

We  found  that  upon  the  occurrence  of  any  event  during  the 
voyage,  this  old  salt  could  refer  to  a  similar  event  within  his  exper- 
ience that  would  discount  anything  we   had   seen.     For  instance, . 
during  the  calm  he  remarked  that, 

"  This  calm  was  nothing  to  what  he  experienced  at  a  certain 
time  on  the  coast  of  Chili." 

"Why,"  said  he,  "the  calm  lasted  nearly  two  months,  the  sur- 
face of  the  ocean  became  stagnant,  turned  green,  and  smelled  like 
bilge  water,  and  you  could  see  dead  fish  of  all  kinds,  and  even  dead 
whales  floating  about." 

During  the  gale  which  occurred  upon  the  Atlantic  also,  he 
remarked  : 

"  Oh,  pshaw  !  this  is  nothing  to  what  I  have  seen.  Why,  I  was 
bound  once  up  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  when  we  encountered  a 
gale  that  threw  our  ship  upon  her  beam  ends,  and  we  laid  in  that 
position  for  nearly  six  weeks.  It  blew  away  our  main-topmast, 
and  the  last  we  saw  of  it,  'twas  going  away  south  toward  Africa  ; 
and  maybe  you  won't  believe  it,  my  lads,  but  five  years  afterwards 
'twas  found  in  the  great  desert  partly  buried  in  the  sand,  where  it 
fell.  The  cross  trees  had  sprouted,  and  a  fine  cluster  of  white  oak 
trees  had  grown  up  trom  it,  more  than   sixty  feet  high,  and   they 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


37 


made  a  beautiful  shade  for  the  camels  to  rest  under  when  they  were 
cruising  around  the  desert." 

I  have  stated  at  this  time  that  the  conditions  are  favorable  for 
water-spouts,  as   will   be  further  explained.     The   formation  of  a 


THE    PROLIFIC    TOPMAST. 

water-spout  is  only  possible  when  their  exists  a  calm  upon  the 
waters,  and  in  consequence  of  the  heat  of  the  sun  being  reflected 
from  the  smooth  surface  of  the  ocean,  the  atmosphere  becomes 
greatly  rarefied,  and  ascends  to  higher  regions.  The  result  is  that 
at  this  point  a  partial  vacuum  is  produced,  and  the  atmosphere 
from  all  points  rushes  in  to  equalize  the  unbalanced  condition.     A 


2594(57 


38  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 

hollow  cylinder  is  formed  of  atmospheric  currents,  which  revolves 
with  great  velocity.  A  partial  vacuum  within  this  is  the  result,  and 
up  within  which  the  water  from  the  surface  of  the  ocean  rises,  falling 
again  in  great  showers  of  rain.  But  one  great  mystery  attending 
not  only  the  water-spout  upon  the  ocean,  but  also  the  cyclone  upon 
land,  is  the  fact  of  their  motion  forward  in  any  direction,  for  since 
they  are  only  produced  under  conditions  of  a  calm,  it  is  difificult  to 
determine  by  what  force  they  are  caused  to  move  in  any  direction, 
with  such  velocity  as  is  often  witnessed.  I  observed  that  in  a  few 
cases,  the  smaller  water-spouts  did  not  move  in  any  particular 
direction,  but  seemed  to  wander  about  as  though  undecided  what 
course  to  take  ;  while  again  another,  but  a  few  miles  distant  to  the 
east,  would  be  going  in  a  northerly  direction,  and  another  one  at 
the  same  time  to  the  westward  was  taking  a  southerly  course  at  the 
rate  of  three  or  four  miles  an  hour. 

That  a  water-spout  should  be  able  to  move  at  all  in  any  direc- 
tion, during  a  dead  calm  upon  the  ocean,  when  at  the  same  time 
our  ship  was  as  it  were^  stationary  is  not  only  a  mystery,  but  also 
very  aggravating  to  those  who  are  from  necessity  compelled  to 
remain  on  board  of  her  and  suffer  the  intense  heat,  and  at  the  same 
time  be  at  the  mercy  of  these  wandering,  revolving  tramps  that  are 
liable  at  any  time  to  make  you  a  visit  without  any  special  invitation, 
and  without  any  power  whatever  on  your  part  to  avoid  them. 

The  mystery  of  their  forward  movements  lies  in  the  fact  that,  at 
some  point  the  atmosphere  is  more  highly  rarified  than  at  others, 
and  the  water-spout  will  therefore  move  in  the  direction  of  the  least 
resistance,  being  impelled  forward  towards  that  point  by  the  atmo- 
sphere, the  tendency  of  which  is  to  restore  the  equilibrium.  They 
will,  consequently,  move  with  a  velocity  corresponding  to  such 
unbalanced  conditions  to  any  given  point. 

Oh,  the  annoyance  of  a  calm  at  sea,  especially  under  such  cir- 
cumstances as  when  a  crowd  of  anxious  gold  seekers  are  cooped  up 
unable  to  do  as,  or  go  where  they  please,  and  all  anxious  to  be  fill- 
ing their  bottles  and  pouches  from  Uncle  Sam's  golden  fountains. 
Fretting  and  worrying  could,  however,  avail  nothing.  We  must 
gracefully  submit  to  the  inevitable,  and  pray  for  a  strong  breeze 
from  the  Southwest  (the  praying  for  which  didn't  amount  to 
much,  for  reasons  not  necessary  to  explain  here).  There  was  one 
amusement  which  we  were  inabled  to  enjoy  to  our  heart's  content, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


39 


40    ■  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

in  consequence  of  the  calm  and  passive  condition  of  Nature's  forces, 
and  this  was  bathing  in  Neptune's  immense  bath-tub,  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  At  all  hours  of  the  day,  many  would  be  seen  enjoying  the 
luxury  of  a  bath  in  the  warm  and  placid  waters.  The  sensation  of 
plunging  headlong,  or  diving  from  the  ship's  rail  into  the  fathom- 
less depths  is,  for  the  first  time,  anything  but  pleasant,  for  upon  the 
shady  side  of  our  ship  we  could  see  below  the  surface  a  great  dis- 
tance. We  found,  upon  throwing  overboard  an  old  tin  plate,  or 
any  bright  object,  that  we  could  keep  it  in  sight  for  several  minutes, 
until  it  had  descended  for  the  distance  of  one-eighth  of  a  mile  at 
least,  or  even  much  further.  With  this  idea  in  mmd,  when  standing 
upon  the  rail,  all  ready  for  a  dive  into  this  dark  and  bottomless 
abyss,  one  can  readily  imagine  the  peculiar  sensations  produced 
and  the  thoughts  that  Hit  across  the  mind  at  the  moment.  What  if 
some  miraculous  event  should  occur  upon  diving  into  the  deep  sea, 
or  some  wonderful  changes  in  Nature's  laws  take  place  reversing 
perhaps  the  laws  of  gravitation,  which  should  make  the  waters 
lighter  and  organic  substances  heavier!  Then  just  imagine  one's 
self  sinking  down,  down  into  the  unfathomable  waters  and  continu- 
ing upon  the  downward  course,  among  the  huge  monsters  who  make 
their  habitations  amid  the  rocks  and  cliffs  at  the  bottom  !  But 
after  a  few  trials  this  sensation  wears  away,  for  we  find  that  it  is 
impossible  to  descend  but  a  short  distance  below  the  surface,  and 
that  whether  we  will  or  not,  we  must  ascend  again  without  delay. 

For  two  or  three  days,  a  number  of  our  passengers  indulged  in 
this  luxury  of  bathing,  and  would  have  continued  doing  so  during 
the  calm  ;  but  all  things  have  an  ending,  and  sea-bathing  is  no 
exception  to  the  rule.  The  diversion  was  brought  to  an  end  by  an 
incident  which  is  worth  mentioning.  We  had  a  passenger  on  board 
who,  but  a  few  years  before,  when  on  a  voyage  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
lost  one  of  his  legs  in  appeasing  the  appetite  of  a  shark,  while  enjoy- 
ing the  luxury  of  a  sea-bath.  This  young  man,  whose  name  was 
Measury,  from  Salem,  Mass.;  acted  in  the  capacity  of  sergeant  at 
arms  for  us,  and  would  allow  no  one  to  dive  from  the  ship  until 
well  satisfied  that  there  were  no  sharks  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 
This  fact  he  would  ascertain  by  throwing  overboard  any  bright 
object,  such  as  a  tin  cup  or  plate,  for  if  there  were  any  sharks 
within  a  reasonable  distance,  say  one  or  two  miles,  they  would  be 
attracted  towards  the  vessel,  and  could  be  plainly  seen  swimming 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CAUFOKXIA.  41 

back  and  forth  under  the  ship's  keel — waiting,  not  like  Micawber, 
for  something  to  turn  up,  but  for  some  unfortunate  sailor  to  tumble 
overboard.  If.no  sharks  made  their  appearance  below  the  ship  in 
the  space  of  half  an  hour,  it  was  presumed  that  the  coast  was  clear, 
and  by  the  gate-keeper's  consent,  over  we  would  go. 

We  had  been  in  bathing  one  day,  and  nearly  all  of  us  had 
climbed  aboard,  when  our  sergeant  at  arms,  who  was  seated  as 
usual  upon  the  ship's  rail  upon  the  shady  side,  where  he  could 
obtain  a  good  view  of  the  ship's  keel,  w^-s  heard  to  cry  out  to  those 
who  were  yet  in  the  water,  but  wlio  were,  however,  near  the  ship,  and 
just  upon  the  point  of  climbing  on  board. 

''Quick  !  quick  boys,  for  God's  sake  !     A  shark  !     A  shark  !  " 

Upon  looking  over  the  side,  we  saw  an  enormous  shark  beneath 
the  keel.  He  spied  the  last  man  who  was  in  the  water,  and  darted 
towards  him.  The  man,  however,  had  reached  the  ladder,  and  was 
soon  out  of  danger.  The  shark,  turning  upon  its  back  with  open 
mouth,  darted  towards  him,  but  was  too  late,  for  just  at  this  time  its 
career  was  ended.  The  captain  who  was  in  the  cabin,  heard  the  cry 
of  shark,  and  having  been  a  short  time  before  sailing  engaged  in 
whale-fishing,  was  prepared  for  such  an  emergency.  Seizing  his 
favorite  weapon,  which  was  a  harpoon  all  ready  for  use,  and  to  which 
was  attached  a  long  wooden  pole,  suspended  from  ropes  over 
head  in  a  convenient  place,  he  jumped  upon  the  rail,  and  as  the 
shark's  head  with  open  mouth  projected  above  the  water  with  a 
true  aim  darted  the  harpoon  into  its  body.  The  huge  fish  was 
hoisted  on  board,  and  found  upon  measurement  to  be  about  fifteen 
feet  in  length.  What  a  mouth,  when  opened  !  I  was  reminded  of 
it  years  afterwards,  in  passing  a  Mendicino  Co.  saw-mill,  with  its 
gang  of  saws  all  in  a  row,  ready  for  business.  This  incident  ended 
our  pleasures  of  sea-bathing. 

But  now  was  the  old  salt's  opportunity  to  spin  a  yarn  that  would 
discount  anything  in  the  shark  line,  and  he  made  the  most  of  it. 
Seated  upon  the  fore  hatch,  toward  evening,  and  after  taking  a  fresh 
quid  he  sailed  in  : 

"  Well,  well  !  me  lads,  that's  a  big  shark  ;  but  I  can  tell  about 
one  that  discounts  him.  'Twas  when  I  was  sailing  on  an  English 
packet  ship  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  bound  for  the  East  Indies.  We 
had  an  opera  company  on  board,  bound  for  Calcutta. 

"We  were  running  along  one  day  with  a  stiff  breeze,  ar.d  th-^ 


42 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 


passengers  were  all  enjoying  themselves  up  on  deck,  when  all  at 
once  there  was  a  cry  of  man  overboard.  An  old  gentleman,  one  of 
the  musicians,  was  seated  on  the  lee  rail  a  readin',  when  the  ship  give 
a  lurch,  and  away  he  went  over  the  side.  His  son  was  standing 
near  at  hand,  and  hauling  off  his  coat,  over  the  side  he  went,  to  rescue 
his   father.     The  ship  was  brought  up  into  the  wind  ;  a  boat  was 


THE   OPERATIC   SHARK. 

lowered,  and  blast  my  eyes  if  we  didn't  cruise  about  in  our  ship's 
wake  for  more  than  four  hours  to  get  a  sight  of  the  old  gentleman 
and  his  son.  But  we  searched  in  vain,  for  they  had  gone  ;  only,  we 
couldn't  tell  how,  just  then.  We  did  though,  pretty  soon  ;  for  a  few 
days  after  we  saw  a  big  shark  following  in  our  wake.  He  was  a 
regular  man-eater,  and  we  knew  from  the  antics  he  was  cutting  up, 
that  he  had  swallowed  the  old  musician  and  his  son  sure  enough, 
and  was  huntin'  for  the  balance  of  the  opera  company.     Why,  ship- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  43 

mates,  the  shark  would  jest  promenade  around  ship,  standing  upon 
his  tail ;  then  he  would  balance  fore  and  aft  on  his  head,  and  go 
through  the  figures  of  a  quadrille  in  good  style.  One  cf  the  opera 
boys  said  that  the  old  musician  was  a  tough  customer,  and  maybe 
the  shark  had  the  colic.  Another  one  thought  that  maybe  he  had 
been  chasin'  a  French  sh'p,  and  had  swallowed  a  French  dancin' 
master  who  had  fell  overboard.  But  we  soon  found  out  all  about  it, 
for  it  happened  that  the  shark  came  nearer  to  the  ship  than  he 
intended  to,  and  one  of  the  crew  threw  a  harpoon  into  him,  and  we 
histed  him  on  deck  to  have  a  look  at  him.  Jest  as  we  were  gettin' 
ready  to  throw  him  overboard  again,  one  of  the  ov^era  boys  says 
*hush!  what's  that  strange  noise  comin'  from  inside  of  him?' 
Well,  we  all  heard  it,  and  to  satisfy  our  curiosity  we  cut  him  open, 
and  maybe,  shipmates,  you  won't  believe  me  when  I  tell  you  what 
we  seen.  But  right  in  there  was  the  old  musician,  sittin'  at  a  plan- 
ner and  playin'  the  Fisher's  Hornpipe,  and  laying  in  a  hammock 
overhead  was  his  son,  beatin'  time  on  a  base  drum.  " 

There  is  consolation  in  the  thought  that,  under  whatever  circum- 
stances we  may  be  placed  that  are  of  an  unpleasant  nature,  all 
things,  states  and  conditions  have  an  ending.  In  the  operations  of 
Nature's  forces,  man,  by  his  ingenuity,  can  direct  them  for  his  use, 
but  cannot  control.  During  a  gale  of  wind,  for  instance,  the  ship, 
by  means  of  the  sails  and  rudder,  can  be  changed  or  altered  in  her 
course,  and  at  such  a  time  how  insignificant  man  appears  in  com- 
parison with  the  force  and  power  of  the  elements,  which  are  far 
beyond  his  absolute  control  !  Yet,  even  when  the  elements  are  in 
active  motion,  they  can  be  made  serviceable  by  using  the  proper 
means;  but  when  Nature's  forces  are  entirely  passive  and  the  ele- 
ments are  at  rest,  it  is  then  that  man  is  made  conscious  of  his  utter 
insignificance,  especially  if  he  is  on  board  of  a  sailing  vessel  which 
is  floating  about  at  random  upon  the  ocean  in  a  dead  calm.  At 
such  a  time  he  has  no  control  whatever  over  the  elements  above,  or 
of  the  waters  below,  and  the  vessel  drifts  at  random  in  whatever 
direction  the  currents  are  flowing.  She  rises  and  falls  with  the  swell 
of  the  ocean,  and  her  sails  are  continually  flapping  against  the  mast 
as  an  encouragement  to  her  patience,  or  as  a  means  of  quieting  her 
anxiety.  The  bows,  also,  exhibit  their  intense  anxiety  by  swinging 
around  the  circle  like  a  chained  bear,  in  the  vain  endeavor  to  break 
away  from  the  influence  of  such  unpleasant  conditions  ;  but  the  only 


44  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

object  on  board  which  does  not  conform  to  the  random  motions  of 
the  vessel,  and  remained,  fortunately  for  us,  constant 'to  the  forces 
which  gave  it  value,  was  the  needle  in  the  binnacle. 

The  end  was  near,  however,  for  upon  the  morning  of  the  14th  day, 
away  off  in  the  distance,  toward  the  west,  was  discovered  a  cat's 
paw,  a  ripple  upon  the  water,  crawling  silently  but  surely  towards 
us  upon  the  surface  of  the  waters.  It  crawled  carefully  up  the  side 
of  the  ship,  up  into  the  rigging  ;  and  the  great  sails,  which  had  been 
idly  flapping  for  many  days  against  the  mast,  now  feel  the  effects  of 
its  magic  influence,  and,  swelling  with  pride,  endeavor  to  move  the 
ship  forward  upon  her  course.  The  wheel,  also,  which  for  several 
days  had  been  neglected  and  alone,  lazily  swinging  from  one  side  to 
the  other,  nodding  and  blinking  beneath  the  scorching  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  now  aroused  from  its  slumbers  by  the  strong  arm  of  a  sailor,  and, 
responding  to  his  efforts,  the  bows  of  the  ship  swing  gracefully  around 
upon  our  course  for  the  entrance  to  the  Golden  Gate  with  a  fair 
wind,  which  increased  with  such  force  in  a  few  hours  that  it  was  evi- 
dent we  had  not  only  received  the  benefit  of  a  cat's  paw,  but  that 
the  whole  anim^al  had  crawled  on  board,  tail  and  all. 

Late  in  the  afternoon  of  September  19th,  we  arrived  at  the  entrance 
to  the  Golden  Gate,  but  only  to  find  the  sea  enveloped  in  a  dense 
fog,  and  the  entrance  through  which  we  were  in  hope  of  passing  at 
once,  hidden  from  our  view.  The  only  resource  was,  in  seaman's 
phraseology,  "to  lay  off"  and  on  until  morning,  which  we  did  in 
safety,  although  not  without  escaping  in  an  almost  miraculous  man- 
ner from  the  greatest  danger.  The  incident  is  worth  relating,  as  it 
shows  how  it  is  possible,  after  having  sailed  so  many  thousands  of 
miles  in  safety,  upon  arriving  at  your  destination  to  meet  with  dis- 
aster through  the  ignorance  of  an  incompetent  seaman.  It  was  the 
second  mate's  watch  on  deck,  the  burly-headed  seaman  previously 
mentioned.  About  11  p.  m.,  as  the  Captain  was  about  turning  in 
for  the  night,  the  second  mate  called  down  the  gang-way  for  the  Cap- 
tain. When  asked  what  was  wanted,  he  replied  that  right  ahead, 
seen  through  the  fog,  was  a  square-rigged  vessel.  The  Captain  an- 
swered : 

"Well,  you  know  your  business,  of  course." 

Almost  instantly  afterwards  he  again  shouted  : 

"  Captain,  come  quick  !  we  are  close  aboard  of  her  !" 

The  latter  leaped  from  his  bunk,  and  was  upon  deck  in  an  instant, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  45 

and  saw  at  once  the  nationality  and  character  of  the  square-rigged 
craft,  looming  up  in  a  dense  fog,  immediately  over  our  bow.  He 
ordered  the  wheel  hard  a  port,  and  the  old  ship  swung  readily  around 
in  the  foam  and  swash,  and  within  less  than  half  a  ship's  length  of 
one  of  the  great  rocks  of  the  Faralone  Islands.  In  less  than  one 
minute  more  we  would  have  crashed  into,  run  afoul  of,  and  knocked 
from  its  foundation  into  the  deep  sea  beyond,  one  of  the  grandest 
structures  of  the  whole  group,  but  the  presence  of  mind  of  our  Cap- 
tain saved  it  from  utter  destruction,  as  well  as  a  few  score  of  badly 
scared  gold  hunters.  Upon  the  morning  of  the  20th,  we  sailed  in 
through  the  Golden  Gate,  coming  at  anchor  ni  front  of  the  tented 
city  of  San  Francisco,  having  made  the  passage  from  our  native 
city  to  this  place  in  the  space  of  five  months  and  seventeen  days. 


CHAPTER    V. 


The  Arrival  in  San  Francisco — Gold  Machines — Going  to  the 
Mines — The  Bullwhacker — Arrival  in  Hangtown — The 
View  from  the  Hill. 

THE  city  presented  the  appearance  of  a  vast  army  encampment, 
and  it  was  evident  that  the  advance  guard  of  Alexander's  army 
had  arrived  sure  enough,  and  had  conquered  what  they  sought.  In 
the  contemplation  of  the  scene  as  we  saw  it  from  the  roof  of  the 
cook's  galley,  we  found  deep  consolation  in  the  thought  that  in 
case  the  future  would  prove  that  we  had  travelled  so  many  thous- 
ands of  miles  in  search  for  gold,  only  to  find  upon  our  arrival  that 
we  had  been  badly  sold,  we  were  not  alone  at  any  rate.  There  was 
a  grim  satisfaction,  therefore,  in  viewing  the  great  number  of  ves- 
sels at  anchor  in  the  harbor  from  the  various  ports  of  the  world,  that 
had  brought  to  the  coast  thousands  of  others  for  the  same  purpose. 

Our  voyage  being  ended  upon  our  arrival  in  California,  it  is 
now,  after  upwards  of  forty  years  have  passed  since  we  sailed  in 
through  the  Golden  G_ate,  of  some  interest  to  know  what  has  be- 
come of  the  passengers  and  crew  of  the  old  ship,  and  in  fact  of  the 
ship  also.  The  ship,  after  returning  again  to  New  Bedford,  was 
fitted  out  for  a  whaling  voyage  and  lost,  I  think  in  an  ice  pack  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean.  Captain  Seabury,  after  serving  for  several  years 
as  master  of  a  China  steamer  in  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Co., 
and  also  upon  the  Atlantic  coast  from  New  York  to  Aspinwall,  a 
few  years  since  retired  from  active  service,  and  now  lives  in  ease 
and  comfort  at  his  home  in  New  Bedford.  Of  the  passengers, 
there  are  but  three  of  us  at  present  remaining  upon  the  Pacific 
Coast.  Many  of  them  died  here.  The  greater  portion  of  them 
returned  to  their  Eastern  homes  ;  but  a  few  of  them  are  now  left, 
and  of  all  that  number  of  gold  hunters,  not  one  of  them  succeeded 
in  his  anticipations  of  filling  a  pork  barrel  with  the  precious  metal 
and  but  a  small  portion  of  them  in  filling  an  old  boot-leg,  or  a  beer- ' 
bottle,  with  the  same. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  47 

It  is  necessary  to  explain  here,  that  the  ingenuity  of  many 
mechanics  in  the  far-off  Atlantic  States  had  been  exercised  in  the 
construction  of  various  devices  for  the  extraction  of  gold  from  the 
sand  and  soil  which  were,  unfortunately,  mixed  with  it.  Our  pas- 
sengers, having  full  faith  in  their  great  value  and  efficacy,  had 
brought  quite  a  number  of  such  machines  with  them.  They  were 
of  all  varieties  and  patterns  ;  made  of  copper,  iron,  zinc  and  brass. 
Some  of  them  were  to  be  worked  by  a  crank  ;  others,  more  preten- 
tious, having  two  cranks  ;  whilst  another  patent  gold  washer,  more 
economical  and  efficient,  worked  with  a  treadle.  One  variety  was 
upright,  requiring  the  miner  to  stand  while  using  it.  Still  another, 
the  inventor  of  which  being  of  a  more  benevolent  and  humane 
temperament,  was  arranged  in  such  a  manner  that  the  poor  tired 
miner  could  sit  in  his  arm-chair  and  take  his  comfort  as  he  worked 
it. 

One  machine  requires  special  mention.  It  was  in  the  shape  of 
a  huge  fanning  mill,  with  sieves  properly  arranged  for  assorting  the 
gold  ready  for  bottling.  All  chunks  too  large  for  the  bottle  would 
be  consigned  to  the  pork  barrel.  This  immense  machine  which, 
during  our  passage,  excited  the  envy  and  jealously  of  all  who  had 
not  the  means  and  opportunity  of  securing  a  similar  one,  required 
of  course  the  services  of  a  hired  man  to  turn  the  crank,  whilst  the 
proprietor  would  be  busily  engaged  in  shovelling  in  the  pay  dirt 
and  pumping  water;  the  greater  portion  of  the  time,  however,  being 
required,  as  was  firmly  believed  in  the  corking  of  the  bottles  and 
fitting  heads  to  the  pork  barrels.  This  machine  was  owned  by  a 
Mr.  Allen,  from  Cambridge,  Mass.,  who  brought  with  him  from 
that  renowned  head-center  of  learning,  a  colored  servant  who  was 
to  manage  and  control  the  crank  portion  of  the  invaluable  institu- 
tion ;  and  so  sanguine  were  all  passengers  in  regard  to  the  nature 
and  value  of  the  various  machines  for  the  purposes  of  saving,  or  for 
the  extraction  of  gold,  that  apparently  nothing  but  actual  trial  could 
convince  them  to  the  contrary. 

Their  faith  in  all  kinds  of  mining  machinery  was  put  to  the  test 
sooner  than  expected  ;  for  upon  landing,  we  found  lying  upon  the 
sand  and  half  buried  in  the  mud,  hundreds  of  similar  machines, 
bearing  silent  witness  at  once  to  the  value  of  our  gold-saving 
machinery,  without  the  necessity  of  a  trial.  Of  course  ours  were 
also  deposited  carefully  and  tenderly  upon  the  sandy  beach,  from 


48  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

where,  in  a  short  time,  they  were  washed  into  deep  water,  making 
amusement  for  the  shrimps,  clams,  and  crates,  which  were  no  doubt 
under  the  impression  that  some  unfortunate  Itahan  vessel,  with  a 
cargo  of  hand-organs,  had  foundered  in  the  locality.  It  was  re- 
ported soon  after,  that  the  crew  of  a  Dutch  vessel  that  passed  near 
Rincon  Rock  close  by  one  dark  and  foggy  night,  saw  distinctly  a 
group  of  sea  nymphs  seated  upon  it,  and  that  each  one  of  them 
was  engaged  in  turning  the  crank  of  what  appeared  to  be  some 
kind  of  a  musical  instrument.  Old  Neptune  was  seen  standing  in 
their  midst  as  leader  of  the  orchestra,  keeping  time  with  his  sluice  fork. 

We  saw  scattered  around  among  the  bushes  near  the  shore,  also, 
a  great  number  of  trunks,  chests,  and  valises  of  all  sizes,  and  the 
most  of  them  containing  clothing  of  all  descriptions,  in  many  cases 
of  value.  These  had  all  been  thrown  aside  as  useless  encumbrances 
by  their  owners,  who  had  started  for  the  mines,  being  unable  to  pay 
the  extra  freight  charged  upon  them. 

We  found  that  no  wharves  had  yet  been  constructed,  and  the 
tide  being  out,  it  was  somewhat  difificult  to  land  without  wallowing 
through  a  short  distance  of  very  dark  mud. 

One  of  the  sights  which  attracted  our  attention  was  a  newly- 
constructed  sidewalk,  commencing  at  the  building  at  that  time 
occupied  by  Simmons,  Hutchinson  &  Co.,  and  extending  in  the 
direction  of  Adams  &  Go's,  express  office,  for  a  distance  of  about 
seventy-five  yards,  I  think.  In  any  otTier  portion  of  the  earth 
except  California,  this  sidewalk  would  have  been  considered  a  very 
extravagant  piece  of  work,  hardly  excelled  by  the  golden  pavements 
in  the  new  Jerusalem.  The  first  portion  of  the  w^alk  was  constructed 
of  Chilean  flour,  in  one  hundred  pound  sacks,  and  which  in  one 
place  had  been  pressed  down  nearly  out  of  sight  in  the  soft  mud. 
Then  followed  a  long  row  of  large  cooking  stoves,  over  which  it 
was  necessary  to  carefully  pick  your  way,  as  some  of  the  covers  had 
been  accidentally  thrown  off.  Beyond  these  again,  and  which  com- 
pleted the  walk,  was  a  double  row  of  boxes  of  tobacco,  of  large  size. 
Although  this  style  of  walk  may  seem  very  extravagant,  even  to  an 
old  pioneer,  yet  at  that  time  sacks  of  Chilean  flour,  cooking  stoves, 
tobacco,  and  pianos  were  the  cheapest  materials  to  be  found,  for 
lumber  was  in  the  greatest  demand,  selling  in  some  instances  at 
$600  per  M.,  whilst  the  former  articles,  in  consequence  of  the  great 
supply,  were  of  little  value. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 


49 


50  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

The  town  presented  a  strange  scene.  There  were  but  few 
buildings;  but  the  surrounding  hills  were  covered  with  tents  scat- 
tered promiscuously  about,  without  regard  to  method  or  order. 

Business  of  all  kinds  was  lively,  and  although  coin  was  scarce, 
yet  gold  dust  answered  every  purpose. 

Gambling  houses  and  bar-rooms  were  numerous  for  the  accom- 
modation of  citizens  ;  but  the  former,  for  the  accomodation,  more 
especially,  of  the  miners,  who  were  daily  arriving  from  the  mines, 
and  who  could  be  seen  coming  from  the  landing  place  toward 
Adams  &  Co.'s  express  office  with  their  sacks  of  gold  dust,  to  be 
sold  or  forwarded  to  their  friends  in  the  East.  Many,  however, 
were  forced  to  return  again  to  the  mines  in  a  few  days,  after  having 
struck  bedrock  in  one  of  the  gambling  houses,  in  their  curiosity  to 
discover  upon  which  end  of  the  tiger  its  tail  was  hung;  and  they 
generally  made  the  discovery. 

We  found  the  cost  of  living  in  the  city  very  high,  although  cer- 
tain articles,  as  flour,  for  instance,  were  plentiful  and  cheap.  Meals 
at  the  restaurants  were  from  one  to  two  dollars.  One  of  our  pas- 
sengers had  about  80  pounds  of  sweet  potatoes,  which  he  sold 
readily  for  one  dollar  per  pound,  and  also  a  few  orangers  which  he 
sold  for  one  dollar  each. 

The  following  bill  of  fare  gives  an  idea  of  the  cost  of  living: 

BILL  OF  FARE.— WARD  HOUSE. 


RUSSEL  &  MYERS  -  -  -  PROPRIETORS. 


San  Francisco,    TJiiirsday,  October  27,  1849. 


SOUP. 
Ox  Tail,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Si  00 

FISH. 

Baked  Trout,  White  and  Anchovy  Sauce,  .  .  .        $1   50 

ROAST. 

Beef,         .  .  .  $1  00  I  Mutton  Stuffed,  .         .      $1  00 

Lamb,  stuffed,  .  .         i  00  |  Pork,  Apple  Sauce,        .  i  25 

BOILED. 

Leg  Mutton,  Caper  Sauce     .  $1   25  |  Corned  Beef  and  Cabbage,     %\  25 
Ham,         .  .  .  $1   00 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA.  51 

ENTREES. 

Curried  Sausages,  a  mie         .                        .            .            .  .        $1  00 

Beef,  stewed  with  Onions            ...  .              i  25 

Tenderloin  Lamb,  Green  Peas            .             .             .             .  .       i   25 

Venison,  Port  Wine  Sauce         .                ....  i   50 

Stewed  Kidney,  Sauce  de  Champagne          .            .            .  .         i  25 

EXTRAS. 

Fresh  California  Eggs,  each        .            .            .            .  .            $1  00 

GAME. 

Curlew,  roast  or  boiled  to  order        .            .            .            .  .        $3  00 


VEGETABLES. 

Sweet  Potatoes,  baked 

Irish          do        boiled 

Squash 

So  50     Irish  Potatoes,  mashed 
.     0  50     Cabbage 

$0  50 

PASTRY. 

.    $0  50 
0  50 

Bread  Pudding 
Mince  Pie 
Apple  Pie     . 
Brandy  Peach 

$0   75 

0  75 
0  75 
2  00 

Rum  Omelette 
Jelly        do 
Cheese 
Stewed  Prunes 

$2  00 

2  00 

.     0  50 

0  75 

An  observation  of  the  crowds  of  persons  continually  arriving  in 
great  numbers  and  crowding  into  the  new  city  proved  them  to  be 
men  of  an  active  and  energetic  character,  who  had  come  for  a  cer- 
tain specific  purpose,  and  were  determined  to  accomplish  it  by  all 
possible  legitimate  means;  but  varied,  of  course,  as  to  the  manner, 
or  methods  of  accomplishment.  We  found  that  a  portion  only  of 
those  who  entered  the  Golden  Gate  had  any  desire  to  extract  their 
share  of  gold  from  the  mines,  but  were  content  to  remain  in  San 
Francisco,  believing  that  the  flow  of  gold  to  the  City  would  en- 
enable  them  to  gather  in  a  fair  pro  rata  of  it  in  some  business 
enterprise. 

The  monotony  of  a  long  and  tedious  sea  voyage  being  now  at 
an  end,  the  real  business,  or  the  object  contemplated  in  making  such 
a  voyage  now  commenced.  We  have  entered  upon  new  scenes,  and 
a  change  of  condition,  with  all  of  its  strange  events  and  varying 
incidents. 

A  company  of  us — twenty-three  in  number — came  for  the  special 
purpose  of  mining,  and  all  preparations  for  the  proper  working  of 
such  an  enterprise  had  been  made  previous  to  sailing.  We  had  pur. 
chased  all  necessary  tools  and  instruments  for  the  purpose  in  view. 
For  these  reasons,  we  did  not  linger  in  San  Francisco  longer  than 
was  necessary;  but  began  immediately  the  work  of  putting  together 


52  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

the  materials  of  a  large  scow,  or  barge,  which  we  had  brought 
with  us. 

Upon  this,  when  complete,  we  placed  our  effects,  and  with  a  fair 
wind  and  tide  in  our  favor,  started  on  our  journey  towards  Sacra- 
mento City,  at  which  place  w^e  arrived  upon  the  fourth  day  out  from 
San  Francisco.  At  this  place,  after  making  a  proper  division  of  our 
provisions,  tools,  and  instruments,  we  dissolved  co-partnership  as  a 
company,  each  and  every  one  going  to  such  a  mining  district  as 
best  suited  his  inclination,  or  at  which  place,  in  his  opinion,  were  to 
be  found  the  richest  mines.  We  learned  here  that  rich  gold  mines 
had  been  discovered  in  several  places  besides  Coloma,  the  point  of 
original  discovery  by  Marshall.  Among  them  were  Hangtown, 
Greenwood,  Kelsey,  Georgetown,  and  Mormon  Island.  The 
latter  mining  cam-p,  located  upon  the  American  River  about 
twenty  miles  east  of  Sacramento  City,  was  the  spot  where  our  ex- 
Senator,  John  Connors,  first  engaged  in  the  mining  industr}^  in 
August,  '49.  Further  north  were  Auburn  and  numerous  bars  upon 
the  South  and  Middle  forks  of  the  American  River,  as  well  as  other 
good  mining  localities  in  a  southern  direction.  Sacramento  City 
being  the  point  of  departure  for  all  mining  localities  so  far  discov- 
ered, presented  a  very  lively  scene,  and  almost  daily  could  be  seen 
long  strings  of  men  on  their  way  to  the  mines,  carrying  upon  their 
backs  their  roll  of  blankets,  on  the  top  of  which  would  be  fastened 
certain  cooking  utensils  and  other  conveniences.  After  selling  off 
all  stock,  utensils,  scow,  tent  and  other  things  belonging  to  the 
company  which  could  not  be  divided,  we  made  a  division  of  pro- 
ceeds, and  then  every  man  was  for  himself. 

Two  others  and  myself  formed  a  company,  and  after  deciding 
upon  the  mining  camp  which  we  should  visit,  we  employed  a  Pike 
county  bullwhacker  who  agreed  to  deliver  us  and  our  effects  in 
Hangtown  for  a  certain  consideration,  payment  invariably  in  ad- 
vance. We  accepted  the  offer,  and  in  a  few  hours  were  on  our  way 
to  Hangtown. 

Captain  Pike,  as  we  christened  him,  had  full  control  of  his  craft, 
being  captain,  cook,  and  all  hands;  running  into  port  and  camping 
when  and  wherever  he  pleased.  He  was  a  tall,  powerful  man,  and 
carried  an  ox  gad,  which  was  about  twelve  feet  in  length,  and  large 
in  proportion,  to  which  was  attached  a  lash  made  of  raw-hide,  long 
and  large  enough  for  a  ship's  back-stay.     With  this  he  would  urge 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   C A  LI  FORM  A. 


53 


54  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

his  cattle  forward  by  whacking  it  over  their  backs  occasionahy  when 
they  were  very  tired;  but,  in  general,  this  was  unnecessary,  for  the 
crack  of  it,  which  made  a  report  like  a  gun,  was  a  sufficient  induce- 
ment for  them  to  hurry  up.  This  rare  breed  of  buUwhackers  has 
now  become  almost  entirely  extinct  in  California.  More  gentle,  as 
well  as  more  humane,  means  of  driving  cattle  have  been  introduced 
from  the  far  east,  and  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  here  to  illustrate 
this  by  an  incident  which  occurred  only  a  few  months  later. 

A  bullwhacker,  with  his  four  yoke  of  cattle,  was  driving  up  over 
the  hill  from  Hangtown,  on  his  way  to  Sacramento  City.  The  hill 
was  long  and  in  some  places  quite  steep,  and  the  road  was  very 
crooked,  winding  among  and  around  the  trees.  On  the  side  of  the 
hill  was  a  log  cabin  in  which  were  living  a  company  of  miners  from 
the  State  of  Vermont.  The  ox  driver  stopped  in  front  of  the  cabin 
for  a  rest,  and  the  Vermonters  laughed  at  and  ridiculed  his  method 
of  driving  cattle  with  such  a  monster  whip,  used  in  such  a  cruel 
manner;  but  Pike  said  that: 

"Them  air  cattle  couldn't  be  driv  any  other  way." 

One  of  the  boys,  however,  made  a  bet  with  him  that  he  would, 
by  the  use  of  a  little  switch  only,  sit  in  the  empty  wagon  and  drive 
his  team  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  without  accident  or  running  against 
the  trees.  Pike  accepted  the  bet,  and  with  the  rest  of  them  got  into 
the  wagon. 

The  Yank, as  Pike  called  him,  cut  alight  switch, and  after  getting 
the  oxen  well  started  under  way,  took  his  seat  upon  the  front  of  the 
wagon,  and  in  that  manner  drove  them  to  the  top  of  the  hill  without 
any  trouble  whatever,  to  the  great  astonishment  of  the  bullwhacker, 
as  well  as  to  the  cattle  too,  no  doubt. 

"Well,"  says  Pike,  "if  that  don't  beat  anything  I  ever  heerd  tell 
on.  I  hev  seen  um  drive  a  heap  of  cattle  in  old  Missouri,  but  never 
seen  it  done  with  a  little  baby  gad  like  that  before.  Blamed  if  I 
don't  try  it  myself;  you  Yanks  beat  thunder." 

1  have  neglected  tc  mention  that,  before  leaving  Sacramento  for 
the  mines,  many  who  had  been  up  there  were  now  returning  on  their 
way  home  again,  if  they  could  get  there,  being  disappointed  in  their 
expectations,  and  declaring  that  it  was  all  a  fraud,  but  little  gold 
being  found  anyhow,  and  then  only,  as  one  of  them  told  me  confi- 
dentially, after  you  had  to  dig  away  down  in  the  hard  ground  three 
or  four  feet  to  find  it.     This,  of  course,  was  not  very  encouraging 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  55 

news  for  men  who  had  sailed  around  Cape  Horn,  and  then  to  fnid 
that  it  was  all  a  fraud;  but  we  started  on,  however, as  before  stated, 
for  the  mines. 

We  passed  many  on  their  way  down  who  had  become  discour- 
aged and  homesick.  Among  them  were  two  or  three  accjuaintances 
of  mine  who  had  been  into  the  mines  about  two  weeks,  and  were 
now  returning  to  the  East.  They  explained  the  state  of  affairs,  say- 
ing that  there  was  but  little  gold  to  be  found,  and  that  it  required 
very  hard  and  laborious  work  in  the  hot  sun  to  get  it,  and  very  dirty 
work,  too,  as  it  was  away  down  out  of  sight  in  the  mud.  They, 
therefore,  advised  all  acquaintances  whom  they  met  to  return  with 
them. 

We  concluded,  however,  to  continue  on  and  see  with  our  own 
eyes  what  the  chances  were,  and  if  these  men  who  were  on  the  way 
home  had  really  spoken  the  truth.  It  required  many  years  to  find 
this  out;  and  if  the  great  majority  of  miners  who  are  now  mining, 
and  others  who  mined  many  long  years,  were  asked  their  opinion 
in  relation  to  it,  they  would  be  unanimous  in  their  conclusion  that 
these  men  did  come  near  telling  the  truth,  although  unconscious  of 
the  fact  at  the  time. 

It  seems  to  have  been  the  opinion  of  many  who  came  into  Cali- 
fornia soon  after  the  discovery  of  gold,  that  the  rich  metal  was  to 
be  found  upon  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  that  it  could  be  very 
easily  scraped  up  and  cleaned  from  the  dirt.  Consequently,  there 
was  much  disappointment  upon  finding  that  it  was  necessary  to  dig 
in  the  mud  and  water  for  it.  When  engaged  in  mining,  soon  after, 
near  the  road  many  emigrants  who  had  crossed  the  plains  with  their 
ox  teams  would  stop  alongside  of  the  road  and  watch  the  process  of 
mining.     Upon  one  occasion  an  emigrant  inquired  : 

"  Wall,  now,  and  is  thet  the  way  you  fellers  hes  to  do  to  get  the 
derned  stuff?" 

When  informed  that  such  was  the  method  necessary  to  get  it,  he 
remarked: 

"  Yas;  well,  then,  I  don't  keer  for  none  in  mine.  Gee  haw,  buck, 
jest  go  lang  thar  '  " 

And  for  this  reason  hundreds  passed  through  the  mining  region 
to  the  valleys  below. 

About  noon  of  the  fourth  day  from  Sacramento  we  crossed  over 
the  hill,  from  the  summit  of  which  the  town,  with  its  log  cabins  and 


56 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


tents,  was  visible  below.  We  descended  to  near  the  foot  of  the  hill, 
where  we  unloaded  our  effects  among  a  cluster  of  pines.  From  this 
point  we  had  a  full  view  of  the  creek  and  portions  of  the  various 
ravines,  where  we  saw  hundreds  of  busy  men  hard  at  work  with  pick 


"don't  want  none  in  mine.' 


and  shovel.  From  the  busy  scene  a  spectator,  who  was  unaware  of 
the  object  of  this  laborious  work,  would  imagine  that  an  army  had 
encamped  in  the  locality  and  were  at  work  in  the  trenches. 

My  native  town  was  well  represented,  there  being  at  this  time 
about  three  hundred  there  from  New  Bedford  who  had  sailed  around 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


57 


the  Horn.  I  found  many  acciuaintances  among  them,  and  all  ap- 
peared to  be  cheerful  and  confident  of  success  in  their  new  business. 
I  should  judge,  after  looking  about  and  among  the  various  flats, 


THE    DANDY    MINERS. 


creeks,  ravines  and  gulches  for  a  few  days,  that  at  this  time  there 
were  about  four  thousand  persons  altogether  in  town  and  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity,  but  only  about  half  of  them,  however,  were  engaged 
in  mining.     The  latter  class  was  composed,  at  this  early  day,  almost 


58  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

entirely  of  citizens  of  the  United  States,  although  there  were  a  few 
from  other  countries,  and  all  kinds  of  trades  and  professions  were 
represented. 

Here  at  work  in  the  mud  and  water,  with  his  gold  spectacles  and 
kid  gloves,  was  a  lawyer.  Near  him  was  a  physician  with  his  pants 
in  his  boots,  sporting  a  plug  hat.  Here  could  be  found  clerks, 
bankers,  storekeepers,  barbers,  hotel  waiters,  sea  captains  and  mates, 
hotel-keepers  and  congressmen,  nearly  all  from  the  New  England 
States,  who  had  come  around  Cape  Horn  to  seek  their  fortunes. 

Upon  a  slight  elevation  two  well-dressed  men  were  hard  at  work; 
they  were  lawyers  from  the  city  of  New  York,  and  were  styled  the 
dandy  miners;  they  continued  mining  for  several  months  and  suc- 
ceeded in  making  a  very  respectable  fortune. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  first  gold  seekers  in  the  summer  and 
fall  of  '49,  houses  were,  of  course,  unnecessary.  Those  who  were 
fortunate  enough  to  be  the  owners  'of  tents  occupied  them,  but  the 
greater  portion  made  their  camps  in  the  shade  of  the  trees.  As 
winter  drew  near,  however,  it  was  evident  that  other  means  of 
shelter  would  be  necessary,  consequently  log  cabins  were  construct- 
ed around  among  the  ravines  and  gulches  in  all  suitable  localities 
convenient  to  a  spring  of  water.  Wood  for  fuel  was,  of  course, 
plenty.  Lumber  for  building  purposes  was  scarce  and  very  dear. 
All  household  furniture,  such  as  chairs,  tables,  etc.,  was  constructed 
in  the  most  primitive  style,  often  from  old  barrels  and  boxes  when 
convenient. 

Much  ingenuity  was  displayed  by  various  ones  in  the  construction 
of  these  household  necessities,  but  more  especially  in  the  case  of 
chairs.  The  miners  easy  chair,  which  he  loved  to  take  his  comfort 
in  after  the  work  of  the  day  was  over,  was  usually  made  from  an 
empty  flour  barrel,  being  cut  out  in  the  proper  manner  and  made 
with  rockers.  Some,  who  possessed  more  aristocratic  tendencies, 
would  have  these  chairs  lined  and  stuffed  in  good  style,  and  they 
were  pronounced  very  comfortable  and  equal  to  anything  that  could 
be  bought  in  New  York  or  Tioston. 

One  remarkable  fact  was  noticed  at  this  early  day  in  relation  to 
the  habits  of  the  forty-niners,  when  we  take  into  consideration  their 
isolated  condition,  away  from  the  influences  of  civilized  society, and 
that  was  in  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath,  for,  as  a  general  rule,  all 
Eastern  men  especially  were  true  to  their  early  training,  and  rested 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


59 


from  their  labor,  or  rather  from  their  mining  labors.      It  was  upon 
this  day  that  all  mending  and  washing  was  done,  and  other  little 


necessary  household  duties  attended  to,  for  it  must  be  remembered 
that  the  washwoman  had  not  put  in  an  appearance  yet,  but  she  was, 
however,  on  the  way. 


6o 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


On  Sunday  afternoons  the  clotheslines  would  be  seen  filled  with 
a  great  assortment  of  woolen  goods,  socks,  etc.,  the  one  thing  need- 


ful to  give  all  the  appearance  of  a  more  advanced  condition  of  civil- 
ization, however,  was  wanting,  viz.:  the"biled  shirt,"  which  came 
later,  and  was  contemporaneous  with  woman. 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  6i 

As  before  mentioned,  the  chief  amusement  upon  Sunday  after- 
noons with  the  great  majority  was  in  lounging  around  the  various 
saloons  and  gambling-houses;  but  to  many,  however,  this  part  of 
the  day  was  devoted  to  visiting  the  cabins  of  each  other.  There 
were  many  good  singers  to  be  found  among  the  ravines  and  gulches, 
and  upon  pleasant  moonlight  evenings  could  be  heard  the  notes  of 
"  Ben  Bolt  "  from  the  boys  who  occupied  the  cabin  on  the  hill  above, 
while  from  another  cabin  in  the  ravine  could  be  heard  the  refrain  of 
"  iJo  They  Miss  Me  at  Home,"  or  "Sweet  Home."  Some,  also, 
could  be  heard  singing  the  songs  we  used  to  hear  of,  "  Life  on  the 
Ocean  Wave,"  "  The  Last  Rose  of  Summer,"  or,  perhaps,  "Old  Dan 
Tucker,"  all  to  be  concluded  by  the  singing  of  "Old  Hundred," 
"Siloam,"  and  "Coronation,"  and  other  tunes  of  a  similar  char- 
acter. 

There  were  also  many  good  musicians  to  be  found  among  the 
miners.  Many  of  them  had  brought  their  instruments  with  them, 
and  often  at  night  could  be  heard  echoing  from  the  ravines  and 
canons  the  sounds  of  the  fiddle,  flute,  accordeon  and  clarionet.  One 
young  man  from  Boston  had  brought  with  him  his  favorite  instru- 
ment, the  bugle,  and  when  perched  above  upon  the  summit  of  a  hill 
overlooking  the  town  upon  pleasant  moonlight  evenings,  the  strains 
of  "Oft  in  the  Stilly  Night,"  "The  Emigrant's  Lament,"  or  the 
martial  strains  of  "The  Red,  White  and  Blue,"  or  "The  Star 
Spangled  Banner,"  from  his  bugle,  would  be  heard  echoing  far  and 
near,  among  the  ravines  and  gulches,  and  hailed  by  all  with  the 
greatest  delight. 


CHAPTER  VI.- 


Business  in  the  Mines — The  Various  Mining  Camps — Physicians 
IN  Camp — Dr.  Rankin — Coloma — Process  of  Mining — The 
'49  Emigration — Sauerkraut — Female  Influence  Illus- 
trated. 

WE  found  on  arriving  in  Hangtown  quite  a  number  of  business 
houses,  stocked  with  a  very  good  assortment  of  provisions 
and  nearly  all  other  articles  for  miner's  use.  The  merchants,  as  well 
as  I  can  remember,  were  Thomas  &  Young;  W.  T.  Coleman;  Say- 
ward  &  Thorndike;  Judge  Russel;  Mr.  Job;  Judge  Daniells;  C. 
Williams,  while  a  short  distance  above  upon  the  bank  of  the  creek 
were  the  stores  of  Frost,  Brewster  &  Price,  and  just  below  town  was 
the  store  of  the  Governor. 

There  were  three  hotels  in  town:  one  large  log-cabin,  used  for 
a  hotel,  was  called  the  Eldorado,  and  owned  by  Mr.  Eltsner;  another 
one  was  kept  by  J.  Adams,  and  the  third  by  Col.  Backus.  The  most 
numerous  business  houses  in  town  were,  however,  the  saloons  and 
gambling  houses. 

At  Cold  Springs,  a  few  miles  below  Hangtown,  was  located  a 
mining  camp,  at  this  time  consisting  of  a  cluster  of  tents  used  for 
saloons  and  for  gambling  houses,  and  one  provision  store,  owned  by 
Burgess  &  Hill. 

On  the  road  towards  Coloma,  at  the  mining  camp  called  Kelsy, 
named  after  the  man  who  discovered  the  placer  mines  here,  were 
also  two  stores  with  the  usual  complement  of  saloons.  At  Colonia, 
which  is  situated  upon  the  South  Fork  of  the  American  River,  we 
found  a  number  of  stores  and  saloons,  whilst  just  below  this  camp 
were  the  old  saw  mill  and  tail  rate,  where  Marshall  found  the  nug- 
get of  gold  which  has  been  the  means  of  revolutionizing  society  and 
changing  social  conditions  among  us,  as  well  as  settling  up  the  whole 
Pacific  coast  in  so  short  a  space  of  time. 

Across  the  river  could  also  be  seen  at  this  time,  the   name  of 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  63 

John  T.  Little  in  large  letters,  on  the  side  of  an  extensive  ware- 
house. This,'  with  other  various  signs,  informed  the  mining  com- 
munity that  here  could  be  found  all  kinds  of  mining  supplies,  and 
that  the  highest  price  was  paid  for  gold  dust.  Followmg  the  road 
past  Mr.  Little's  store,  up  over  the  mountam  towards  the  middle 
fork  of  the  American  River,  we  found  several  camps  where  rich 
mines  had  been  discovered.  At  Coloma  down  towards  the  old  mill 
was  the  store  of  Shannon  &  Cady,  and  near  to  this  were  the  stores 
of  Perkins  &  Co.,  Tailor  &  Co.,  and  also  the  gun  and  ammunition 
store  of  F.  Beckhart.  Of  the  business  men,  there  are  now  living 
Thomas  &  Young;  W.  T.  Coleman,  Mr  Darlington,  who  is  at  the 
present  time  in  business  at  Placerville;  Mr.  Thorndike;  Judge  Rus- 
sell; Mr.  Caples,  Mr.  Price,  and  I  think,  Mr.  Brewster,  all  of  Hang- 
town.  Mr.  J.  T.  Little  and  Mr  Beckhart  are  both  residing  at  the 
present  time  also  in  San  Franci"sco,  and  no  doubt  many  of  the  early 
business  men  are  yet  living  in  the  East,  or  in  some  remote  corner 
of  the  earth. 

Of  the  physicians  who  were  residing  in  the  mining  regions  at 
this  early  day,  a  number  of  them  are  yet  living;  and  as  far  as  I  know 
these  are  Dr.  Bacon  of  Coloma;  Dr.  Clark,  who  is  now  residing  at 
Stockton;  Dr.  Worthen,  and  I  was  informed  that  .Dr.  Ober  is  at  the 
present  time  living  east  of  the  Rockies.  We  found  also  in  the  town 
five  or  six  physicians,  among  the  most  prominent  of  whom  were 
Dr.  Wakefield,  Dr.  Kunkler,  Dr.  Ober,  and  Dr.  Worthen,  who  is  at 
the  present  time  engaged  in  his  profession  and  residing  in  the  same 
old  locality.  There  were  Dr.  Rankin,  also,  who  had  an  extensive 
practice,  and  Dr.  Clark. 

In  connection  witn  Dr.  Rankin,  an  amusing  incident  which 
occurred  in  the  fall  of  '49  may  not  be  out  of  place  here.  The 
doctor  was  a  Southerner  by  birth,  and  one  of  the  old  school,  as  his 
style  of  dress,  which  consisted  of  a  white  fur  plug  hat,  blue  coat 
with  brass  buttons,  a  buff-colored  vest  with  trowsers  to  match,  indi- 
cated. Upon  certain  occasions  he  sported  a  frill  shirt  front  as  well. 
Dressed  in  this  style,  he  went  one  day  astride  his  favorite  Buceph- 
alus, to  visit  a  patient  a  few  miles  from  town.  It  had  been  rain- 
ing recently,  and  the  road  upon  which  he  was  travelling  was  house 
deep  with  soft  yellow  mud.  He  passed  on  his  way  a  tall,  large, 
raw-boned  Scotchman,  carrying  upon  his  shoulder  a  sack  of  flour, 
and  as  he  passed  the  pedestrian  the  doctor  remarked  that  wallow- 


64 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORXIA. 


ing  through  the  deep  mud  with  a  load  hke  that  must  be  tough 
work. 

"Well,"  retorted  the  Scotchman,  "  and  that's  me  ain  business; 
and  hed  I  ye  doon  here,  me  mon,  I  wad  wallow  ye  in  the  mud,  too." 

"  Vou  would,   would  you,"  says  the   doctor,  at  the   same   time 


HE    DONE   IT   WEEL. 

leaping  from  his    horse,  and   landing  knee-deep  in  the  mud  along- 
side of  the  Scotchman. 

IMie  latter  laid  down  his  burden  upon  a  log,  and  seizing  the 
doctor  by  the  nape  of  the  neck  and  seat  of  his  pants,  he  raised 
him  up  and  dropped  him  in  the  deepest  part  of  a  mud-hole.  The 
doctor  wasn't  long  in  getting  out,  and  mounting  his  horse  was  soon 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALil'ORyiA.  r, 

on  his  wav  hoiiu-,  rt- niarkint,^  to  the  vahant  Scot  as  he  tunieii  to 
leave: 

"  Well,  now,  Scotty,  vou  done  that  weel." 

"  It  was  about  sixteen  vears  afterwards  tiiat  tlie  doctor  was  sit- 
ting- in  tlie  bar-room  of  the  What  Cheer  House,  in  Sacramento  City, 
and  in  company  with  a  few  others,  talkini^  c)f  old  times.  During 
the  conversation  he  related  how  the  tall  Scotchman  had  rolled  him 
in  the  yellow  nuul,  and  how  he  looked  as  thout^di  he  had  been  run 
through  a  miner's  ground  sluice.  Sitting  tipped  back  in  a  chair  at 
the  side  of  the  room  was  an  old  farmer,  half  asleep,  but  listening 
very  attentively  to  the  reminiscences  of  old  times.  When  the  doc- 
tor commenced  relating  the  incident  as  above,  the  old  farmer  raised 
upon  his  feet,  and  at  the  conclusion  stepped  up,  and  placing  his 
hand  upon  the  Doctor's  shoulder,  remarked: 

"  Vas,  doc",  and  ye  told  me,  ye  remember,  that  I  doon  it  weel, 
too." 

Of  course  the  tloctor  was  somewhat  astonished,  as  well  as 
pleased  also,  to  meet  his  old  antagonist,  and  again  acknowledge 
once  more  that  he  doon  it  weel  at  any  rate. 

Handshaking  and  the  usual  refreshments  followed,  as  a  matter 
of  course. 

The  town,  or  village,  of  Coloma,  is  situated  upon  the  south 
branch  of  the  American  River;  it  was  here  that  gold  was  first  found 
by  Marshall;  the  old  mill  where  he  worked  is  still  standing.  ^Ir. 
Marshall  resided  here  during  his  life,  living  in  a  small  cabin  upon 
the  side  hill,  a  portion  of  which  he  had  planted  with  vines  and  fruit 
trees.  The  first  mining,  of  course,  was  done  here,  and  this  location 
constituted  the  germ  or  nucleus  from  which  radiated  all  other  min- 
ing localities,  for  it  was  from  this  point  that  the  prospectors  started 
out  in  various  directions  in  the  search  for  other  mines.  Some  of 
the  prospectors  took  a  southerly  course  and  found  the  rich  deposits 
among  the  ravines  of  what  is  now  called  Hangtown  creek.  Others 
found  Kelsey's,  Spanish  dry  diggings,  and  further  iiorth  they  ran 
afoul  of  (leorgetown  and  Cireenwood,  each  locality  deriving  its 
name,  when  found,  from  some  circumstance,  event,  or  from  the 
name  of  the  finder.  By  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the  first  gold 
seekers,  who  came  via  Cape  Horn,  hundreds  of  new  locations  had 
been  made  and  named  around  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Coloma, 
and  by  the  ist  of  December,  '49  the  country  had   been  traveled  over- 


66  THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

and  pr().si)ecteLl,  t'rcjin  CJolomi  to  the  Slanislau  River  on  the  south^ 
and  up  to  the  Vuba  River  on  tlie  north,  and  vahiable  mines  found  for 
over  a  hundred  miles  in  both  directions. 

Before  commencing  the  business  of  mining,  cnir  little  company 
concluded  first  to  build  a  residence,  which  we  constructed  of  logs 
in  the  regulation  style,  with  chimney  in  the. rear,  the  front  door 
opposite,  and  after  stowing  away  pots,  pans  and  kettles  in  their  pro- 
per places,  i)utting  up  bunks  with  all  the  neccessary  arrangements 
of  curtains,  out-riggers,  etc.,  a  few  more  blows  with  the  hammer 
here  and  there  made  us  master  of  the  situation,  or  of  the  castle,  at 
least. 

After  finishing  our  residence,  we  started  in  to  the  business  of 
mining,  for  which  we  had  traveled  nearly  half  way  around  the 
globe.  In  a  large  ravine  near  at  hand,  called  Oregon  ivavine,  as  it 
was  first  found  by  a  man  from  that  State,  we  determined  to  make  our 
first  effort.  'I'here  were  at  work  in  the  same  locality  about  two 
hundred  others.  The  method  of  mining  was  of  the  most  primitive 
character.  The  dirt  would  be  dug  down  to  the  bed-rock  and 
thrown  to  one  side,  as  the  dirt  and  gravel  in  immediate  contact  with 
the  bed-r(M'k,  including  the  surface  of  the  latter  also,  was  all  that 
was  considered  of  an\-  value.  This  was  ]Mit  into  sacks  and  packed 
upon  our  backs  down  to  the  creek,  wdiere  the  goUl  was  sej)arated 
from  it  by  panning.  Many,  iiowever,  would  spread  their  pay  dirt 
upon  the  ground,  and  when  it  was  thoroughly  dry  would  winnow  it 
out  by  pouring  it  from  the  pan  to  the  ground,  the  wind,  when 
strong  enough,  answering  a  very  good  purpose.  This  was  the  style 
of  mining  as  practiced  by  the  Mexicans  and  also  the  Chileans,  but 
it  was  a  very  slow  process,  and  would  only  pay  when  no  water  could 
be  found. 

From  the  hill  above,  it  was  a  strange  srght  to  see  men  of  all 
classes  antl  from  everv  State  in  the  Union  thus  clustered  together 
upon  one  spot  in  common,  and  all  insj^ired  with  the  one  desire,  i.  e.^ 
to  dig  gold.  All  hard  at  work  in  the  mud  and  water,  with  i)ick  and 
shovel,  each  one  determined  to  do  his  level  best  to  get  all  he  could 
in  the  shortest  time  j^ossible. 

C)ver  in  that  ravine  yonder  is  a  crowd  of  Yankees  from  Maine 
and  Vermont,  with  a  leavening  of  a  few  Missourians  and  Kentuck- 
ians.  In  that  large  ravine  to  the  right  are  three  or  four  hundred 
hard-working,  earnest,  gold   seekers    from    Massachusetts  and  New 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


67 


68  THE  ARuVXAL'TS   OF   CALIFOKXIA. 

\"()rk,  and  from  Connecticut  and  Ohio,  as  well  as  a  tew  from  tieor- 
gia,  Arkansas  and  Old  Virginia.  Upon  that  extensive  fiat  below, 
the  great  crowd  at  work  is  of  a  more  cosmopoHtan  character,  being 
composed  of  men  from  all  States  in  nearly  equal  proportions.  lUii 
few  are  noticed  at  present  hailing  from  the  Southern  States,  except 
those  of  a  sporting  character,  who  will  be  found  among  the  saloons 
and  gambling  houses.  vmong  these,  a  few  of  the  old  style  South- 
ern politicians,  who  are  dressed  in  regulation  blue  dress-coat,  with 
its  great  brass  buttons,  and  a  white  plug  hat,  can  lie  seen  daily  prom- 
enading around  from  place  to  place,  with  the  crooked  cane  hanging 
upon  the  arm.  The  emigration  across  the  plains  in  the  fall  of  1849 
was  estimated  to  be  about  25.000.  l>ut  a  small  proportion  of  them,^ 
however,  remained  in  the  mining  regions.  'The  greater  number  of 
them  being  farmers,  passed  through  to  make  their  homes  in  the  val- 
leys below. 

Much  has  been  said  and  written  in  relation  to  the  arrival  of  the 
first  young  ladies  in  the  mines;  but  the  very  first  young  ladies  who 
made  their  appearance  in  the  mining  regions  of  California  arrived 
at  this  time.  They  were  the  daughters  of  .Mrs.  Stuart,  from  the 
State  of  Illinois.  Their  father  died  during  the  journey  across  the 
plains.  They  arrived  in  Hangtown  about  the  middle  of  September, 
returning  again  to  their  Eastern  homes  sometime  iluring  the  sum- 
mer or  autumn  of  '50. 

There  were  many  women  and  children  in  the  emigration  of  this 
season,  and  in  consequence  of  the  scarcity  of  feed  for  the  teams, 
many  of  them  were  compelled  to  trudge  along  through  the  sandy 
desert  and  over  the  steep  and  rough  mountain  roads,  for  hundreds 
of  miles. 

One  family  to  arrive  at  this  time  was  that  of  Dr.  Knnkler,  with 
his  wife  and  son,  who  was  about  six  years  ot  age,  and  an  incident 
in  relation  to  them  is  worth\-  of  record.  An  accident  ha|)penetl  to 
the  doctor  through  which  he  was  unable  to  travel  on  fool,  and  was 
consequently  obliged  to  ride  in  the  wagon.  They  were  traveling 
with  an  ox-teem,  and  for  this  reason,  the  accident  to  him  was  very 
unfortunate,  since  it  was  absolutely  necessai"y  for  one  ot  the  party 
to  walk  alongside  of  the  team  for  a  i)art  of  the  time,  especially  when 
traveling  among  the  hills.  .Mrs.  Kunkler  was  a  l-"rench  lady,  and 
born  in  the  city  of  Paris.  She  was  of  slight  build,  delicate  in  ajipear- 
ance,    and    unaccustomed  to   such    h.irdships;   but   it  was   now  abso- 


/■///•;  .}A'c;()x.i['rs  of  CALihORXj.i. 


69 


lutely  nfcc:.sar_\-  that  she  should  takt-  cliarn'e  of  the  ox  leam,  for  a 
time  at  least.  All  emiii^rants  wIkj  ctoss  the  plains  are  well  aware  that 
this  is  a  very  diffii'ult  duty  to  perform,  even  for  a  man.  To  attend 
to  and  hunt  the  cattle,  cook  and  wait  u[)iin  the  sick  and  the  chil- 
dren also,  and  to  make  ready  for  a  start  aj^ain — all  of  this  the  deli- 
cate French  lady  attended  to  in  irood  style,  and  walked  aloni^side 
of  her  team  (for  over  800  miles)  which   she  managed  like  a  veteran, 


"  DIS    .\.M    .\    FREE    K.E.\TKV,    .MASS.A.  ' 

arriving  in  Hangtown  in  .August,  '49,  in  the  best  of  health  ar.d 
spirits. 

The  doctor  and  his  wife  havt'  both  crossed  to  the  other  side;  but 
the  son,  having  inherited  the  profession  of  the  father,  practiced  in 
San  ]''rancisco  until  a  short  time  ago,  when  he  also  joined  the  great 
majority. 

Quite  a  number  of  slaves  from  Tennessee  and  Kentucky  were 
brought  across  the  plains  during  thi.i  year,  and  were  taken  into  the 
mines  by  their  masters.  This  kinil  (;f  mining  by  slave  labor  did 
not,  however,  prove  a  success,  and  was   soon  abandoned.     One  man 


■JO  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

from  Tennessee,  brought  his  slaves,  three  in  numl)er,  into  Ihing- 
tow.i  and  located  in  a  small  gulch  near  Spanish  Ravine.  The  claim 
which  they  worked  was  rich,  and  the  master  was  happy,  although 
his  happiness  was  of  short  duration,  for  he  was  very  much  aston- 
ished at  the  close  of  one  very  pleasant  day,  when,  as  he  went  to  take 
possession  of  the  gold  dust  which  had  been  wa^hid  out  during  the 
day.  he  was  politely  informed  by  his  rebellious  subjects  to  "  Jess 
take  his  hands  off  from  dat  ar  gold  dust,  as  it  belonged  to  deni." 

He  was  further  informed  that  "  Dey  was  now  in  a  free  country 
and  slaves  no  mor';  but  if  Massa  was  willin'  to  come  in  and  work 
with   em  on  sheers  he  could  do  so." 

He  endeavored  to  reason  with  the  boys,  but  in  vain.  He  told 
them  that  he  would  appeal  to  the  law,  which  he  fmally  did;  but  with 
no  better  success,  and  he  returned  in  disgust  to  Tennessee  leaving 
his  slaves  masters  of  the  field,  as  well  as  of  themselves. 

Two  slaves  worked  in  the  Spring  of  '50  in  Log  Cabin  Ravine, 
now  Bedford  ave.  They  were  from  ttie  city  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and 
owned  by  a  very  prominent  physician  at  that  place.  I'he  doctor 
had  furnished  his  two  slaves  with  a  good  team  and  all  necessary 
supplies,  and  had  sent  them  forth  to  earn  their  freedom,  the  agree- 
ment being  that  whe  1  they  had  forwarded  to  him  the  sum  of 
twenty-three  hundred  dollars  in  gold,  the  master  in  return  would 
send  them  their  "  freedom  papers."  I'hey  were  informed  that  they 
were  free  men,  and  it  was  unnecessary  to  send  money  to  purchase 
their  freedom;  but  they  were  firm  in  their  purpose  to  do  just  as 
they  had  agreed  with  their  master,  and  since  he  had  trusted  in  their 
word  they  should  not  disappoint  him,  and  they  did  not.  The  money 
was  sent  to  their  master  through  Adams  &  Co. 's  Express,  and  'n 
(\\\it  time  they  received  their  papers.  \\\  a  few  months  afterwards 
they  forwarded  to  their  late  master  the  sum  of  eight  hundred  dol- 
lars also,  as  the  price  of  their  sister's  freedom,  and  in  the  fall  of  '50 
ihe  met  her  brothers  in  Hangtown  with  her  papers  of  deliverance  in 
her  pocket. 

There  were  no  cradles  or  toms  at  this  time  in  the  mines,  for  the 
reason  that  there  was  no  water;  but  with  the  first  rains,  cradles 
made  their  appearance,  and  towards  Spring  long  toms  were  used, 
but  regular  sluices  did  not  come  into  use  until  a  year  later.  The 
first  hole  that  we  dug  after  having  measured  off  and  staked  our 
claims,  fifteen  feet  square  to  each  man,  in  accordance  with  t In-  miner..' 


THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  ?«' 

law,  gave  us  the  gold  very  fine,  and  liy  tlu-  advice  (jf  a  few  veteran 
miners  who  had  followed  the  business  off  and  on  for  nearly  eight 
tlays,  we  moved  to  other  vacant  spots  nearer  to  the  center  of  the 
ravine  (Oregon  Ravine),  where  we  found  the  gold  much  coarser 
and  easier  to  save.  It  was  the  custom  for  miners  to  get  out  to  work 
as  early  in  the  morning  as  possible,  usually  about  eight  o'clock, 
and  wr  (}uit  work  about  four  r.M.  This  gave  us  sufficient  time  to 
finish  our  evening  meal,  and  to  dress  up,  ready  for  a  long  evening, 
lounging  through  the  various  gambling  houses  and  seeing  the  sights 
in  town,  which,  however,  at  this  early  day  were  not  to  l)e  compared 
in  number  or  m  gorgeousness  with  those  oi  a  year  later.  The  chief 
pleasure,  however,  among  us  was  in  visiting  the  cabins  of  each 
other,  and  listening  to  the  old  yarns  from  the  seafaring  men,  or  in 
tasting  of  some  of  their  favorite  dishes,  which  they  had  learned  to 
manufacture  out  on  the  ocean;  such  for  instance  as  "  dundefunk," 
"  lobsconce,"  antl  a  variety  of  others;  to  hear  the  various  opinions 
expressed  upon  the  subject  of  cooking.  It  gave  us  the  impression 
that  cooking  was  one  of  the  fine  arts,  anil  that  the  only  object  in  life 
or  the  chief  aim  in  existence  was  to  eat.  Of  course  we.  the  novices 
m  the  art,  soon  became  quite  e.\|)ert  in  the  chemical  combination 
necessary  for  dundefunk,  lobsconce,  hard  and  soft  tack,  eti;.,  and 
in  a  short  time  were  able  to  boast  of  our  dexterity,  also,  in  whirling 
a  flapjack  up  through  the  chimney  and  catching  it  again  in  our  fry- 
ing pan,  right  side  up,  by  holding  the  latter  out  doors  on  the  otner 
side  of  the  house. 

It  was  customary,  also,  among  many  of  the  miners  to  play  all 
kinds  of  practical  jokes  upon  each  other,  and  one  amusement,  in 
particular,  was  to  place  a  fiat  stone,  or  board,  upon  the  top  oi  a 
chimney,  and  then  to  be  near  at  hand  in  the  morning  when  the  vic- 
tims were  trying  to  cook  their  breakfast  amidst  the  smoke,  occasion- 
ally coming  to  the  door  with  the  tears  streaming  down  their  cheeks, 
swearing  until  all  nature  around  looked  blue.  They  would  assert 
that  some  "  infernal  sea  cook  "  had  come  in  the  night  and  stolen  the 
draught,  or  had  turned  the  chimney  "tother  end  up."  Tt  didn't 
take  long,  however,  to  discover  the  cause,  and  then  the  remark  was 
"that  Xantucket  sea  cook  of  a  Tom  Ferney  done  it,"  they  knew. 

It  is  necessary  to  explain  here,  as  it  may  be  the  means  of  giving 
a  wrong  impression  in  relation  to  the  habits  of  the  old-timers,  to 
elucidate  what  is  meant  by  the  boys  dressing  up  after  the  day's  work 


72 


1HI-:   ARCOXAUrS   OF   CAUFOKXIA. 


was  done.  In  all  civilized  societies  the  expression  "to  dress  up" 
sio-nifies  to  chanae,  or  to  alter  one's  general  appearance  by  the 
donning  of  "a  biled  shirt,"  store  clothes  and  a  plug  hat,  perhaps. 


■     ■•  <■-  'A, 


.IL 


SMOKED    OUT. 

There  was  no  necessity,  however,  in  the  mines  tor  being  very  par- 
ticular about  the  style.  It  is  true  that  at  this  time  there  would  be 
found  occasionally  one  who  would  shave  or  trim  up  his  whiskers  and 
«ven  don  a  fancv  necktie,  but  he  was  looked  upon  with  suspicion. 


rUE   ARCOXAl'rS   ()/■'   L.ll.ll-'OKXIA.  73 

His  ancestors  were  sporting  nicn,  prohahK,  and  he  had  inherited  the 
tendency.  There  was  not,  in  the  opinion  ol  tliese  old-timers,  any 
necessity  or  use  in  dressing  up  in  "store  clothes"  or  *■' biled  shirts." 
The  "dress  uj),"  therefore,  to  which  1  had  reference,  consisted  of 
washing  the  face  and  hands,  taking  a  fresh  cud  of  line  cut  (.Mrs. 
Miller's  brand),  or  donning  a  clay  pipe,  well  stocked. 

All  of  my  readers,  perhaps,  have  during  their  lives  many  times 
read  of  or  heard  discussed  the  old  worn-out  subject  of  "female  in- 
fluence," but  it  is  but  very  seldom  that  any  of  us  are  enabled  to  see 
the  effect  of  the  absence  of  woman  so  |)ractically  illustrated  as  it  was 
in  the  mines.  For  the  first  two  years,  or  up  to  the  arrival  of  the 
emigration  from  across  the  plains  in  the  fall  of  '50,  the  condition  of 
the  mining  j)opulation,  especially  their  carelessness  in  regard  to 
appearances,  mode  of  life,  and  habits  in  general,  showed  conclu- 
sively that  man,  when  alone,  and  deprived  of  that  influence  which 
the  presence  of  woman  only  can  produce,  would  in  a  short  time 
tlegenerate  into  a  savage  and  barbarous  state. 

At  this  time,  also,  there  was  but  little  necessity  for  law,  except  to 
restrain  the  vicious  element  among  the  few  Mexican  horse-thieves, 
who  had  fountl  their  way  into  the  mining  regions,  but  this  class. 
Judge  Lynch  dealt  with  in  a  very  summary  style,  and  they  soon 
became  scarce.  No  standing  army  or  armed  force  of  policemen 
were  required  to  protect  the  rights  of  the  forty-niners,  for  they  were, 
as  a  general  rule,  a  class  who  respected  law  and  order,  as  well  as  the 
rights  of  others,  and  illustrated  the  fact  that  among  a  class  of  men 
who  are  disposed  to  do  what  is  right,  with  no  desire  to  injure  or 
trespass  upon  the  rights  of  others,  no  law  for  their  government  or 
control  is  really  necessary.  It  ;s  very  true,  however,  that  in  the 
cases  of  many  who  had  occupied  high  positions  in  church  organiza- 
tions in  the  East,  upon  finding  themselves  thus  placed,  afar 
from  all  restraint  and  church  influences,  tlid  reveal  their  true  nature 
by  falling  from  grace  and  practicing  habits  that  were  strictly  prohib- 
ited by  ecclesiastical  law.  Yet  these  were  the  excej^tioiis,  only;  not 
the  rule.  We  were,  of  course,  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  U.  S. 
(iovernment;  but  no  laws  could  be  put  into  force  or  executed  as  no 
officers  had  been  appointed  for  the  i)urpose.  We  elected,  however, 
an  Alcalde,  according  to  the  Mexican  custom,  who  decided  all  cases 
occurring  in  relation  to  the  disputes  among  miners.  All  cases  of  a 
criminal  nature  were  decided  by  a  committee  of  the  whole,   a   jury 


74  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

tor  the  purpose  being  chosen  from  the  mining  community,  and  all 
crmi'uals  being  granted  a  fair  and  impartial  trial. 

But  a  change  soon  took  place  in  our  political  ai'l'airs,  for  upon 
November  13th,  1849,  ^^^  constitution  of  the  Territory  was  adopt- 
ed, and  Peter  H.  Burnett  was  elected  oUi  first  tiovernor, 

'I'he  election  to  vote  upon  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  and 
for  Governor  in  this  portion  of  the  mining  region  was  held  in  the 
hotel  of  Col.  Bachus,  Hangtown,  and  the  border  element  was  very 
strongly  opposed  to  the  whole  business,  claiming  that  we  diii  not 
require  law  and  order,  constitution  or  Ciovernor  either;  that  we  were 
getting  along  well  enough  without  them  ;  if  the  \'anks  undertook  to 
play  any  sich  nonsense  they  would  be  sorry  for  it  ;  they  made  some 
show  of  resistance,  but  when  they  saw  that  the  Yanks  were  in  dead 
earnest,  and  had  come  to  the  place  of  voting  weil  armed  and  pre- 
pared to  maintain  law  and  order,  they  very  reluctantly  departed  in 
disgust  and  the  constitution  was  adopted  unanimously. 

The  first  persons  hung  in  California  subsequent  to  the  gold  dis- 
covery, were  two  Mexicans  and  an  American.  They  were  hung  for 
horse  stealing  and  robbery  during  the  fall  of  '48,  in  Hangtow'n,  and 
it  was  from  this  fact  that  the  mining  camji  derived  its  name,  and 
although  the  camp  has  enjoyed  the  unenviable  reputation  of  being 
the  place  where  many  murderers  and  horse-thieves  have  been  kindly 
laid  to  rest  by  the  citizens,  in  committees  of  the  whole,  yet  only 
one  other  individual  was  ever  hung  by  the  citizens  of  che  place,  and 
that  was  Irish  Dick,  a  young  gambler,  who  was  executed  in  the  iall 
of  '50  for  murder.  A  jury,  composed  of  miners,  was  chosen  ;  he 
was  granted  a  fair  trial,  declared  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  be  hung 
from  the  old  oak  tree  which  stood  upon  the  side  of  the  hill  across 
the  creek,  at  2  i'.  m.  of  the  same  day.  He  requested  permission  to 
leap  from  the  limb  of  the  tree,  head  foremost  ;  but  this  favor,  of 
course,  could  not  be  granted  since  it  did  not  conform  to  the  law, 
and  wouUl  be  a  very  barbarous  proceeding,  as  well  ;)s  a  bad  prece- 
dent to  establish,  for  in  some  ]oarts  of  the  country  the  trees  were 
veiy  small. 

The  first  rainstorm  in  the  fall  of  '49  occurred  October  13th.  It 
was  a  shower  lasting  but  a  few  hours,  and  continuing  in  this  manner 
throughout  the  winter  months  with  light  showers,  but  enough,  how- 
ever, for  the  working  of  cradles;  and  now  was  inaii<:^urated  the 
process  of   mining  in  a   more  business-like   and    profitable    manner. 


THE   AKGONAIJTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


75 


Claims,  which  by  the  panning  process  yielded  daily  liiit  an  ounce  (jr 
so,  now  a;ave    down,   by  the    use .  of    the    cradle,    from  one    to  ten 


ounces,  and  in  some  cases  even  doul)le  the  last  amount.     The  rich- 
est  nart   of   any  ravine  or  f^ulch.  was.  of  course,  near  the  center,  or 


76  THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF  CA LI I'ORXIA. 

where  the  water  course  had  deposited  the  greatest  (|uantity,  conse- 
quently the  first  miners  would  confine  their  work  chiefly  to  such 
portions  of  a  ravine,  and  those  who  came  after  would  work  nearer 
the  banks,  where  the  <^old  was  usually  finer  and  much  lighter.  By 
the  use  of  this  machine  very  high  wages  could  be  made  from  gravel, 
which  would  not  pay  to  pan. 

As  wmter  approached,  emigrants  who  had  come  by  steamer  and 
across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  as  well  as  "  around  the  Horn,"  now 
commenced  to  arrive  in  great  numbers,  and  not  being  satisfied  with 
the  prospects  of  the  carrip  scattered-  aliout  in  various  directions 
over  the  country  in  the  search  for  new  mines.  Soon  other  towns  and 
camps  were  started  ;  some  very  rich  and  valuable  j^lacei'  mines  be- 
ing discovered  in  the  vicinity  of  Hangtown.  (ireat  excitement 
prevailed,  and  at  this  period  of  its  history  Hangtown  contained 
almost  as  large  a  po[)ulation  as  the  chief  city  of  the  ccnintry,  San 
Francisco,  and  a  year  later  Kldorado  was  called  the  banner  county. 
The  winter  following  passed  without  the  occurrence  of  any  events 
in  this  portion  of  the  country  worth  relating.  The  rams  were  light, 
with  but  little  snow,  and  the  weather  wam.  Towards  spring  news 
was  received  that  rich  mines  had  been  found  farther  north.  From 
this  fact  it  was  conclud'^d  that  all  the  gold  had  originally  been 
washed  down  from  the  north  by  floods  or  bi ought  down  by  glacial 
action  ;  conseqaently.  the  mines  would  be  richer  as  you  advanced 
toward  the  North  Pole.  This  belief  was  almost  universal  among 
the  mining  classes,  and  some  were  so  sanguine  that  such  would 
prove  to  be  the  case,  that  one  miner  offered  to  bet,  "that  if  yer'd 
only,  go  fur  enough  to  the  north  yer'd  find  ther  gold  all  coined  and 
sacked  up,  ready  for  shipping."  (ireat  preparations  were  there- 
fore made  for  leavnig  the  old  worked-out  mining  regions  in  the 
central  portions  of  the  State,  and  towards  the  spring  of  "50  the 
stampede  commenced  for  the  Yuba,  Bear  Kiver,  and  other  rich 
raining  camps  at  the  north. 


CHAPTER     VII 


The  Kanakas — Thk  Dry  Digoin's  Deserted — Admission  ok  jhf. 
State — Scarciiv  ok  Reading  Matter — The  Cost  ok  Let- 
ter Fosta(;e — The  Ingenious  Bartender — Prices  of 
Drinks — Celebrating  the    Fourth  ok    July — Hard    Char- 

AC  IKKS. 

1^  ARLY  in  the  Spring  of  '50,  a  number  of  Kanakas  from  the  Sand- 
_j   wich  Islands  came  up  into  the  mines;  hut  being  of  an  amphib- 
ious nature,  they  concluded  to  prospect  the  bed  of   the  South  Fork 


kanakas  mining  on 


RIVER. 


of  the  American  River.  I'hey  found  a  depression  in  the  bed  of  this 
river  some  fifty  yards  111  length  and  about  fifteen  feet  deep.  After 
a  little  prospecting,  they  concluded  that  there  was  enough  gold  in 
that  cavity  to  satisfy  them,  and  they  proceeded  to  work  the  same  in 
the  most  primitive  style.     They  procured  a  number  of  empty  kegs 


78  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

to  which  rocks  and  ropes  were  attached.  These  were  sunk  at  the 
most  l'avoral)le  points,  and  the  Kanakas,  by  divmg  down,  wotdd 
shovel  the  sand  into  them.  They  were  hauled  up  and  the  sand  was 
washed  in  cradles  in  the  usual  manner.  Hut  this  deep  cavity,  like 
many  others  ui)on  the  various  rivers,  contained  but  little  gold,  as 
was  afterwards  discovered  by  a  company  that  bought  out  the  Kana- 
kas, for  upon  pumping  out  the  water  b)-  the  use  of  water-wheels,  not 
enough  gold  was  found   to  pay  the  expense  of  working  it. 

The  fact  that  the  deep  holes  and  depressions  found  in  the  river 
beds  of  California  contained  but  little  gold  was  a  singular  discovery, 
and  an  unaccountable  phenomenon  to  the  miners,  for,  owing  to  the 
great  specific  gravity  of  gold,  it  should  always  settle  to  the  lowest 
places,  and  it  is  upon  this  principle  that  the  miner  is  enabled  to 
make  use  of  the  cradle  and  sluices  for  the  saving  of  gold.  For 
such  reasons  it  was  hard  to  explain  why  the  greatest  quantities 
should  be  found  on  the  higher  riffles  in  our  river  beds  and  the  less 
amount  in  the  deep  cavities.  The  only  explanation  of  this  phenom- 
enon, in  my  opinion,  is  that  these  deep  depressions  found  in  the 
river  beds  were  scooped  out  by  glacial  action  after  the  gold  had  been 
deposited  there. 

About  the  middle  of  April  in  the  spring  of '50,  the  central  mining 
regions  were  almost  entirely  deserted.  All  business  had  ceased, 
and  within  a  radius  of  ten  miles,  where  hundreds  of  miners  were  hard 
a^  work  but  two  or  three  months  l)efore,  not  more  than  six  or  eight 
remained.  In  the  creek,  for  a  distance  of  four  miles  from  the 
upper  part  of  Hangtown,  to  the  village  of  Cold  Springs,  a  distance 
of  about  five  miles,  but  four  miners  were  at  work,  all  doing  well, 
and  two  of  them  to  my  knowledge,  were  washing  out  daily  from  six 
to  fifteen  ounces.  All  hands  had  struck  out  for  better  diggings. 
Did  they  find  them  ?  A  few,perhai)s,  but  the  greater  portion  of  them, 
who  returned  to  their  old  mines  in  autumn,  and  found  their  claims 
occupied  by  others,  concluded  that  they  rather  missed  it.  The  rains 
being  over  by  the  last  of  April,  mining  with  cradles  through  the 
summer  season  was  impossible,  except  in  a  few  localities.  In  some 
cases  dirt  was  conveyed  by  ox  teams  and  other  means  of  trans- 
portation to  where  it  could  be  washed,  and  other  miners  again  would 
throw  up  their  pay  dirt  on  the  bank,  ready  for  washing  in  the  fall. 

During  the  summer,  an  excitement  was  occasioned  by  the  wish 
and  desire  of  all  ?2astern  men,  or  Yankees  (for  at  that  time  all  per- 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  79 

sons  t'ruin  diiy  |)i)int  cast  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  north  of  the 
Ohio  were  called  "  \'aiiks  "  by  all  those  who  came  from  States 
west  of  It),  for  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union 
And  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Union  on  September  9th,  1850. 
h'rom  this  day,  everything  seemed  to  undergo  an  entire  change,  and 
instead  now  of  being  a  resident  thousands  of  miles  from  home  in  a 
foreign  land,  we  had  by  an  act  of  Congress  been  transferred,  as  if 
by  magic,  into  our  own  country,  under  the  j^rotection  of  the  Stars 
and  Stripes.  ()('1icers  were  now  elected,  and  the  machinery  of  a 
State  Government  put  into  motion.  Posters  could  be  found  tacked 
upon  the  trees,  stating  that  certair.  candidates  for  the  various 
offices  would  honor  our  town  by  exhorting  from  a  stump,  or  from  the 
top  of  a  whiskey  barrel,  upon  the  topics  of  the  day,  and  what  they 
would  do  if  elected.  Other  candidates  followed  in  proper  time  and 
order. 

I  forgot  to  mention  that  towards  spring,  in  conseciuence  of  the 
bad  conditions  of  the  roads  to  Sacramento  City,  the  prices  of  all 
eatables  advanced  to  fabulous  figures  :  flour  at  one  time  selling  at 
$1  per  lb.,  molasses  and  vinegar  I2  a  bottle,  potatoes  f  1.50  per  lb., 
and  other  provisions  in  proportion.  An  Ames'  shovel  was  worth  at 
this  tim.e  $16,  and  a  good  pair  of  heavy  boots  from  ^40  to  $50  ;  but, 
with  the  opening  of  spring  all  was  changed,  and  provisions  were  as 
cheap  as  in  any  other  portion  of  the  State. 

The  principal  and  chief  article  of  food  at  this  early  day  was 
the  Chilean  bean,  and  such  was  its  value  that  in  times  of  scarcity, 
as  is  related  by  some  writer  who  witnessed  the  incident  very  prob- 
ably, a  miner  seated  upon  a  huge  nugget  of  gold,  offered  the 
trifling  sum  of  $25,000  for  a  dish  of  pork  and  beans.  This  fact, 
however,  has  been  denied  by  those  who  ought  to  know. 

The  following  bill  of  fare  will  give  an  idea  of  the  cost  of  living 
in  the  mining  region  at  this  period  : 

ELDORADO    HOTEL, 


Hangtoivn,  January ,  1850. 
M.  ELSTNER,  .  .  .  -  Proprietor. 

SOUP. 

Bean  .  .  .  .  $1  .00 

Ox-tail  (Short)  .  .  .  .  .         i    50 


8o  THE   ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


Beef,  wild,  (prime  cut) 
•'     Up  along         •    . 
"     a  la  mode  (plain)     . 
"     with  one  potato  (fair  size) 
Tame,  from  Arkansas 


XKCIKTAHLKS, 


KNl  KKKS. 


I  50 

I  00 

I  00 

I  25 

1  50 

75 

I  00 

50 

75 

I  00 

I  00 

I  50 

75 

I  00 

75 

I  00 

75 

I  50 

75 

I  00 

2  00 

■\  00 

Baked  Beans,  plain, 

"     (xreased, 
Two  potatoes  (medium  size) 
peeled, 

Sauer  Kraut 
Bacon,  fried 

stuffed 
Hash.  Low  Grade 
"    18  carats 


Cod  Fish  Balls,  pr.  Pair  .  .  .  . 

Grizzly  Roast  ....... 

Fried      ....... 

Jackass  Rabbit  (Whole)     ...... 

I'ASIkY. 

Rice  Pudding,  Plain     ...... 

•'  with  Molasses  ...... 

"  with  Brandy  Peaches         ..... 
Square  Meal,  with  Dessert  ..... 

l\xyable  in  Advance. 

Gold  Scales  on  the  end  of  Bar. 

Pjooks,  papers  and  reading  matter  of  any  description  were  very 
scarce  articles  in  the  mines  at  this  early  day,  with  the  exception, 
perhaps,  of  a  few  Bibles  which  were  brought  around  Cape  Horn. 
All  acciuanitance,  who  occupied  a  log  cabin  near,  informed  me  that 
the  only  book  he  was  able  to  find  was  an  old  Farmer's  Almanac,  for 
which  he  paid  $1.00,  and,  said  he, 

*'  I  read  that  almanac  through  and  through,  forwartis  and  back- 
wards, sideways  and  upside  down,  and  by  spring  had  accjuired  such 
a  knowledge  of  astronomical  science,  that  I  could  locate  the  signs 
of  the  Zodiac  blindfolded,  stand  on  my  head  and  calculate  an 
eclipse,  foretell  the  condition  of  the  weather  for  more  than  ten 
years  ahead,  and  prognosticate  the  value  of  the  ])oj)corn,  baked 
pea   ut,  and  chewing  g'-m  crops  for  the  whole  time." 

Towards  the   s|)ring  of  '50  a  little  event  occurred   here   in  this 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


82  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

town  for  which  it  never  as  yet  has  received  due  credit  or  mention. 
It  was  nothing  mare  nor  less  than  the  organization  of  a  tcmj^crance 
society,  and  the  first  in  the  mining  regions,  at  least,  if  noi  in  the 
State.  Money  was  contributed,  and  a  canvas  house  was  erected 
with  a  seating  capacity  for  two  hundred  persons.  Mr.  Quereau,  a 
prominent  lawyer,  was  chosen  as  the  President,  and  Mr.  .A.  W.  Bee 
as  Vice-President.  The  E.xecutive  Committee  consisted  of  G. 
Wheeler,  F.  A.  Bee  and  three  others.  Meetings  were  held  two 
evenings  a  week,  upon  which  occasions  old  veterans  in  the  business 
would  enlighten  the  audience  upon  the  evils  of  intemperance  in 
general,  as  well  as  the  horrors  and  dangers  which  would  result  from 
frequent  use  of  the  vile  compounds  sold  in  the  mining  regions  for 
pure  liquor.  But  all  things  have  an  ending,  and  temperance  socie- 
ties are  no  exception  to  the  general  rule.  In  the  autumn  of  '50 
the  greater  portion  of  the  active  members  of  th-'  society  had  de- 
parted for  other  mining  camps,  and  it  was  fnially  abandoned  for 
want  of  patronage. 

For  the  first  six  months  after  our  arrival  in  the  mines  it  was 
Irardly  possible  to  get  a  letter  from  our  friends  at  home,  the  only 
chance  being  to  send  to  San  Francisco  by  some  person  who  was  go- 
ing down  on  business  or  for  pleasure.  At  such  times  the  cost  of  a 
letter  ranged  all  the  way  from  %\  to  ^2,  and  even  m  some  cases  as 
high  as  ^3  each,  for  the  reason  that  the  one  who  was  willing  to  do 
the  favor  was  oftentimes  obliged  to  buy  a  convenient  position  near 
the  post-office  window  in  San  Francisco  rather  than  take  his  place 
in  line,  and  be  compelled  to  remain  in  the  city  longer  than  was 
necessary.  But  upon  the  establishment  of  regular  mail  facilities 
into  the  mines,  in  the  spring  of  '50,  there  was  a  change — we  received 
our  mails  regularly,  and  within  four  days  after  the  arrival  of  the 
steamer  at  'Frisco.  Upon  the  day  of  the  arrival  of  the  mail,  eager 
crowds  of  miners  would  gather  in  front  of  the  office,  and  watch  for 
the  appearance  of  the  stage  as  it  came  into  view  over  the  top  of 
Hangtown  Hill,  and  "  there  she  comes  !  "  would  be  the  cry  from  a 
hundred  throats,  as  it  first  made  its  appearance.  As  the  boys  re- 
ceived their  letters  from  Molly,  Polly  and  "  Sary  Anne,"  they 
would  take  a  seat  upon  some  convenient  old  box  or  barrel,  and 
eagerly  devour  the  contents,  and  the  nature  of  the  news,  whether 
good  or  bad,  could  be  easily  seen  in  their  countenances. 

"There,"  said    Bob    Hewitt,  as    he  drew  his  coat   sleeve  across 


THE    ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


83 


his  dyes,  after  having  read  his  iletler  while  sitting  upon  a  stump  in 
the  street,  "  that's  just  my  infernal  luck  !  " 

"Why,  what's  the  matter  now.  Bob?"  his  friends  inquired. 

•'  Matter  !  why  I  have  just  got  the  news  that  I  have  lost  a  for- 
tune  down  in  old  Kentuck." 

"  How  is  that  ?  "  they  inquired. 

"  Well  iioys,  don't  you  remember  that  little  red-headed  cuss  who 
worked  with  me  over  in  the  big  canon  last  winter  ?" 

"  Oh  yes." 

"Well,  he  went  home  on  a  visit  and  I  sent  a  lot  of  specimens 
and  presents  i)y  him  to  my  gal,  and  I'll  be  doll  garned  if  he  didn't 


AN    UN(;RA'rK.FlJL    PARD. 

tell  her  that  I  was  dead  and  married  her  himself,  the  little  cuss,  and 
she  had  a  fortune  too.     Oh!" 

A  regular  post-office  was  soon  established  with  T.  Nugent  as 
our  first  postmaster,  and,  if  I  am  not  mistaken.  I  think  it  was  Mr. 
Nugent  who  first  gave  to  the  camp  the  name  of  Placerville  some- 
time during  the  spring  of  '51,  although  it  continued  to  be  known 
and  called  Hangtown  for  three  or  four  years  afterwards,  by  the  min- 
ing community. 

At  this  early  day,  there  was  l)ut  very  little   coin,  either  of  gold 


84  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

or  silver,  in  use  in  the  mining  regions,  and  gold  dust  was  invariably 
used  for  all  businecs  purposes.  It  was  customary  in  all  business 
places,  stores,  hotels,  aud  bar-rooms,  as  well  as  in  the  barlier  shops, 
to  have  upon  the  counter,  or  other  convenient  place,  a  pair  of  gold 
scales  for  weighing  the  gold  dust,  with  the  proper  weights  for 
weighing  any  desired  amount,  from  the  price  of  a  drink  of  whiskey 
to  a  sack  of  Hour,  the  value  of  gold  dust  being  est  mated  at  $16.00 
per  ounce,  or^.So  to  the  penny-weight,  as  its  standard  value  for  the 
purchase  of  all  commodities.  In  the  use  of  fine  gold  dust  in  this 
manner  much  was  scattered  and  lost;  but  in  some  of  the  saloons 
the  ingenious  barkeepers  would  take  the  precaution  to  cover  the 
floor  below  the  scales  with  cloth  or  zinc,  and  by  this  means  increase 
their  regular  salary  to  some  extent.  Of  one  m  particular  it  was  said 
that  in  handling  sacks  of  gold  dust,  although  he  was  generally  very 
careful,  yet  at  such  a  time  it  was  often  observed  that  his  hand  had  a 
remarkable  way  of  trembling  violently.  The  consequence  was  that 
the  cloth  upon  the  floor  below  the  scales  panned  out  monthly  an 
average  ot  about  $100,  which  would  have  been  entirely  lost  but  for 
the  wise  forethought  of  the  bartender.  One  of  the  barkeepers  in  a 
prominent  saloon  remarked  that  by  the  judicious  handling  of  the 
buckskin  sack,  and  with  a  tight  floor  behind  the  counter  it  was  an 
easy  job  to  realize  $300  per  month,  and,  furthermore,  that  he  could 
even  improve  upon  that,  when  he  felt  real  well. 

The  price  of  drinks  at  the  bar  in  the  mining  regions,  at  this  time 
and  during  the  winter  of  '49  and  '50,  were  ?4  pennyweight  or  about 
$  .50  for  a  single,  and  one  pennyweight  (heavy)  for  two  drinks;  but 
it  was  not  until  the  fall  of  '50  that  drinks  fell  to  the  regulation  price 
of  $.25  (fancy  drinks  extra),  which  price  was  maintained  for  several 
years.  At  this  early  day,  nothing  could  be  purchased  for  a  less  sum 
of  gold  dust,  or  coin,  than  ^^.25,  and  it  was  not  until  '54  that  the 
little  innocent  but  insignificant  dime  came  into  circulation,  which 
was  followed  a  few  years  later  by  the  diminutive  5-cent  piece  and 
the  nickel,  which  will  in  their  turn,  no  doubt,  be  accompanied  by 
the  I -cent  c<jin,  as  our  civilization  advances  to  higher  conditions  of 
development.  Much  has  been  stated  in  regard  to  the  habits  of  the 
early  miners,  of  their  intemperance  and  manner  of  spending  their 
money;  but  this  is  all  a  mistake,  for  they  were  as  a  general  rule 
industrious  and  temperate  in  their  habits,  a'ld  in  fact  more  so  in 
my  opinion,  than  any  other  subsequent  emigration.      The  first   tem- 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OT   CALIFORNIA. 


85 


86  THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALU-OKMA. 

perance  organization  in  our  State  was  organized  by  these  same 
forty-niners. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  a  residence  in  California  on  the 
part  of  the  natives  of  the  Eastern  States,  would  cause  them  to  for- 
get the  habits  of  their  fathers,  antl  pass  over  in  silence  or  without 
recognizing,  the  day  upon  which  all  Americans  give  full  expression 
to  their  patriotism.  Among  us  were  very  many  who  were  born  and 
raised  under  the  shadow  of  old  IJunker  Hill;  consequently,  it  was 
absolutely  necessary  that  we  do  honer  to  the  day  by  celebrating  it 
in  the  usual  manner,  a  knowledge  of  which  we  had  acquired  in  early 
bovhood.  Stumps  and  old  logs  were  charged  with  the  powder; 
guns  antl  pistols  were  brought  into  service,  and  upon  the  morning 
of  the  4th  they  told  the  tale,  belching  forth  the  glad  news,  echoing 
through  the  hills  that  liberty  and  freedom  had  perched  upon  our 
banner,  and  that  the  4th  of  July  had  arrived  in  (California,  and  was 
going  to  remain  with  us.  A  military  company  was  formed,  com- 
manded by  "  Squire  Bob  "  (Ed.  Otis,  of  Boston),  and  with  colors 
flymg,  marched  to  the  tune  of  "  Yankee  Doodle  "  and  other  appro- 
priate military  airs,  performed  upon  drum  and  fife  around  through 
the  town,  and  when,  late  in  the  evening,  we  retired  to  our  cabins,  we 
felt  that  we  had  done  our  share  in  the  celebration  of  the  day,  and 
although  so  far  from  our  homes,  in  a  strange  land,  yet  we  had  not 
lost  nor  sacrificed,  in  our  desire  for  gold,  one  jot  of  our  respect  for 
the  old  flag  or  love  for  our  country.  I  should  have  mentioned  that 
at  10  A.M.,  exercises  were  held  in  the  large  tent  used  for  a  temper- 
ance hall,  which  consisted  in  singing  the  patriotic  songs  "  Red, 
White  and  IMue,"  "The  Star  Spangled  ISanner,"  and  others  of  a 
similar  nature,  followed  by  an  oration  delivered  by  Mr.  Quereau. 

It  is  probably  well  known  that  the  news  of  the  gold  discovery  in 
California  reached  the  Australian  Colonies  early  in  '49,  and  the 
consequence  was  that  large  numbers  of  the  colonists  made  their 
way  here  immediately,  and  among  them  were  a  great  many  ex-con- 
victs. This  class  went  into  the  mines,  and  in  '49  and  50  there  were 
a  large  numl)er  of  them  around  Hangtown  and  in  the  immediate 
vicinity.  When  these  Sydney  ducks  (as  they  were  entitled)  were 
informed  that  a  4th  of  J ub'^  oration  was  to  be  delivered  in  Hang- 
town,  they  protested  against  it,  and  made  certain  threats  that  in 
case  any  allusion  should  be  made  to  England  that  was  at  all  disre- 
specffui.  the  orator  should  suffer  the  consequences.      Mr.  Quereau, 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


87 


however,  nothing  daunted,  mounted  the  platl'orni,  and,  taking  a 
large  horse-pistol  from  under  his  coat,  he  laid  it  upon  the  table 
l)efore  him,  and  delivered  his  oration  in  grand  style,  taking  very 
good  care  not  to  forget  old  England,  and  he  was  not  very  particular 
in  the  choice  of  his  language  in  relation  to  the  events  which  oc- 
curred during  our  struggle  for  Independence.  But  there  was  no 
interruption  from  the  Sydney  ducks,  and  it  was  well  for  them  that 
they  kept  good  order  during  its  delivery,  for  notwithstanding  a  dis- 
agreement among  the  residents  of  the  extreme  Eastern  and  Western 


CURIOSITY    SATISFIED. 

portions  of  the  Union,  each  one  held  an  individual,  undivided  in- 
terest in  4th  of  July,  and  any  attempt  on  the  part  of  these  Sydney 
ducks  to  prevent  or  to  interfere  in  any  manner  with  the  regulation 
4th  of  July  oration  would  have  been  fatal  to  them. 

During  the  continuation  of  the  celebration  upon  the  evening  of 
the  4th.  a  slight  accident  occurred,  although  not  of  a  very  serious 
nature,  yet  very  unsatisfactory  to  an  inquisitive  mind.  Dr.  Ruddock 
found  amongst  a  pile  of  rubbish  a  keg,  in  the  Ijottom  of  which  was 
a  quantity  of  wet  powder.  The  Doctor  was  curious  to  know  whether 
it  would  explode,  and  the  only  way  to  find  out  was  to  try  it,  and  he 


88  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

did.  Piacmg  the  keg  upon  the  ground  in  a  suitable  position,  he 
stepped  back  a  few  paces  from  it,  and  with  a  shot-gun  fired  a  charge 
Mito  the  keg,  aiul  his  curiosity  was  satisfieti.  He  concluded  the 
celebration  of  the  day  in  a  very  heroic  manner,  l)ut  remarked  when 
his  friends,  Luke  Richardson,  Hale  Moore  and  ])r.  Mai  shall  were 
painting  and  oiling  his  badly  scorched  countenance,  that  he  thought 
he  had  finished  up  the  festivities  of  the  day  very  creditably.    Said  he: 

"  1  had  no  iilea  that  the  darned  old  keg  would  kick  back  in  thai 
way  ;  but  anyhow  my  experiment  was  a  complete  success,  and 
that's  some  satisfaction 

Fresh  beef  \vas  now  very  plentiful  aiul  cheap  in  all  the  mining 
districts,  and  droves  of  wild  Spanish  cattle  could  be  seen  wending 
their  way  over  the  hills  and  among  canons,  destined  for  the  various 
settlements.  It  required,  usually,  c^uite  a  large  numt)er  of  Mexican 
Cattle  men,  or  Vaqueros,  to  drive  a  small  drove  of  these  wild  cattle 
from  Lower  California  to  the  mining  regions,  to  prevent  then- 
stampeding,  which  they  will  often  do  when  becoming  frightened. 
Some  curious  scenes  atid  narrow  escapes  of  the  miners  among  the 
ravines  were  often  witnessed,  one  in  particular  more  comical  than 
serious,  however.  Upon  the  arrival  into  the  lower  part  of  the  town 
of  a  small  drove  of  this  species  of  beeves,  they  became  frightened, 
and  the  usual  stampede  and  scattering  among  ravines  and  gulches 
in  all  directions  was  the  result.  A  miner  was  seated  upon  his  stool, 
washing  with  his  cradle.  On  the  other  side  of  him  was  the  pit  from 
which  he  was  digging  his  pay  dirt.  This  pit  was  about  twelve  feel 
square  and  about  six  feet  in  depth.  Hearing  a  noise  in  the  rear  he 
turned  his  head,  and  saw  very  near  him  a  wild  steer,  with  the  long 
regulation  horns  and  with  blood  in  its  eye.  He  had  no  time  to  run, 
but  leaped  over  his  cradle  and  into  the  bottom  of  his  pit.  The 
steer,  not  to  be  foiled,  followed  in  his  track  over  the  cradle  and 
into  the  pit  with  the  miner.  They  faced  each  other  for  a  moment, 
and  it  was  difificuit  to  tell  which  was  the  most  frightened,  the  steer 
.or  the  miner.  The  latter  scrand)led  out  as  soon  as  possible,  and 
the  steer  was  secured.  This  was  the  only  insiaiue  ever  known  of  a 
miner's  claim  being  jumped  by  a  wild  steer. 

About  this  time  a  storekee])er  in  town  found  among  a  load  of 
provisions  hauled  from  Sacramento  Cily,  a  barrel  of  ])rovisions  of 
some  kind,  which  from  all  appearances  and  smell  was  so  badly  dam- 
aged as  to  be  unfit  for  use.       It  was  therefore  consigned  to  the  rub- 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


89 


90 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


bish  heap  in  the  rear  of  the  store,  where  it  was  soon  covered  up 
with  empty  barrels  and  boxes.  The  proprietor  noticed  that  certain 
emigrants  from  the  Fatherland  would  be  seen  occasionally  prowling 
around  the  back  yard,  apparently  having  lost  something.  But  little 
attention,  however,  was  paid  to  them,  and  one  day  a  burly  IXitch- 
man  came  into  the  store,  tired,  covered  with  dust,  and  said  : 

"  I  vants  me  some  von  dot,  for  I  vas  walked  more  as  den  miles." 

The  storekeeper  remarked  that  he  couldn't  tell  what  "dot"  was. 

"  Ve'l,  den,  I  shows  you  vat  I  want.      You  shust  come  mit  me." 

The  storekeeper  followed  him  to  the  rear  of  the  store,  and  the 
Dutchman,  pointing  to  the  rubbish  heap,  remarked  that  "  some  of 
dot  in  dere  vas  vat  he  wanted." 

The  bo.xes  and  barrels  l)eing  removed,  the  barrel  of  rotten  meats 
was  exposed  to  view,  and  he  was  informed  that  the  contents  were 
unfit  to  eat. 

"  Ach,  mein   Gott  !    I    knows  better  as  dot.      You  shust  bust  em 
in,  und  I  shows  you." 

The  storekeeper,  to  satisfy  him,  with  an  axe  "busted  em  in," 
and  found  to  his  astonishment  that  instead  of  its  being  a  barrel  of 
rotten  hams,  it  was,  in  fact,  a  barrel  of  good,  old-fashioned  sauer- 
kraut of  mature  age  made  in  Holland  having  been  brought  around 
Cape  Horn  in  some  ship.  When  the  storekeeper  inquired  of  the 
man  how  in  the  world  he  knew  what  was  in  that  barrel,  with  a  toss 
of  his  shaggy  head  and  with  a  vigorous  sniff  he  replied  : 

"  Veil,  den,  I  shust  nose  it  !  " 

This  sauerkraut  sold  readily  at  a  fabulous  price,  %\.  per  pound 
being  considered  very  reasonable.  The  odor  of  it  had  been  wafted 
by  the  winds  though  the  various  ravines  and  gulches  among  the 
hills,  and  soon  was  scented  by  the  Dutch  miners  from  afar,  who 
came  from  all  directions  to  indulge  in  the  odoriferous  compound 
brought  from  the  Fatherland. 

Up  to  this  time,  quietness  and  peace  had  reigned  and  but  few 
quarrels  had  occurred  among  the  residents  of  the  country,  and,  as 
far  as  I  know,  no  one  had  been  shot.  Neither  had  there  been  any 
robberies  committed,  for  there  was  no  neccessity  of  it  since  dl  had 
the  opportunity  of  engaging  in,  what  was  at  that  period  in  the  history 
of  the  country,  a  very  profitable  business.  Locks  upon  doors  were 
unnecessary,  and  articles  of  value,  as  well  as  the  gold  dust  in  the 
cradle,  could  be  left  upon  the  claim  in  perfect  safety.     It  was  from 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORMA. 


9' 


I     I  Ml 


i"  r^^j 


92  THK  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

this  fact  that  originated  the  old,  worn-out  term  of  "honest  r.iiner." 

Many  strange  characters  crossed  the  plains  at  this  s^-ason;  Init 
a  very  few,  however,  came  with  the  intention  of  mining-  or  of  mak- 
ing a  hving  by  manual  labor  at  all,  the  great  majority  of  them  being 
bar-room  loafers  and  gamblers,  'i'hey  all  succeeded,  however,  in 
making  a  living  by  the  use  of  their  capital,  which  consisted  prin- 
cipally of  their  wits. 

"Old  Pike"  was  a  character  common  in  the  gold  regions,  and 
specimens  of  this  genus  could  be  found  in  every  mining  camp. 
They  were  generally  advanced  in  years,  good  natured,and  afforded 
no  little  amusement  to  the  miners. 

'I'he  back- woods  fiddler,  usually  from  Arkansas,  was  also  a  char- 
acter seen  in  every  mining  town,  and  his  chief  business  was  to  seat 
himself  upon  an  old  box  or  barrel  by  the  saloon  door,  and  give  to 
the  miners  who  congregated  in  the  town  after  the  work  of  the  day 
was  over  a  specimen  of  Arkansas  music,  such  as  the  real  genuine 
"  Arkansas  Traveler,"  with  all  its  variations.  By  this  means  he  was 
enabled,  at  any  rate,  to  sample  the  various  liquors  at  the  bar,  which 
answered  also  for  victuals  and  clothing. 

Another  singular  character  in  the  mines  was  the  genus  generally 
designated  as  "  Dutch  Charley."  They  were  Hollanders  by  birth, 
and  sailors  by  occupation,  and  singularly  enough  they  were  almost 
invariably  the  most  fortunate  miners  in  the  camps  in  early  times. 
Their  claims  were  rich,  and  they  enjoyed  their  affluence  to  the 
highest  degree,  for  it  was  no  uncommon  sight  to  see  one  of  these 
"  Dutch  Charlies  "  parading  in  town,  on  a  Sunday,  with  a  huge  gold 
watch  in  each  vest  pocket  and  with  an  innnense  chain  suspended 
around  his  neck  and  waist,  with  the  ends  reaching  near  to  his  knees. 
These  chains  were  made  from  gold  nuggets,  which  were  fastened  to- 
gether with  copper  wire.  But  the  career  of  this  genus  was  short, 
and  as  the  rich  ravines  were  worked  out  many  of  them  became  very 
poor  and  hardly  able  to  make  a  living,  the  majority  linallv  return- 
ing again  to  the  sea. 

'I'he  circus  must  not  be  forgotten,  for  in  any  cpiarter  of  the 
globe  where  an  audience  can  be  scraped  together  will  be  found 
the  ( ircus.  The  first  to  make  its  appearance  in  this  |)art  of  the 
mining  regions  was  Costello's.  It  was,  I  think,  in  the  Autumn  of  '50. 
He  had  the  usual  complement  of  horses  and  riders,  with  the 
clown  as  a  chief   feature,  without  which   the  circus   would  be  a  very 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


93 


tame  affair.  The  tent  was  usually  crowded  of  an  evening  with  men 
and  women  principailv,  for  the  small  boy  who  crawls  in  under  the 
canvas  had  not  as  vel  ])ut  in  an  ai:)pearan(c  in  the  mining  regions, 
being  a  later  production,  and  only  coming  upon  the  scene  as  popu- 
lation increasei!  and  society  was  elevated  to  higher  conditions. 

In  the  first  settlement  of  the  mining  regions,  game  of  all  kinds 
was  verv  plentiful,  but  as  the  country  became  more  thickly  popu- 
lated, the  deer  and  other  game  remained  higher  up  in  the  moun- 
tains.    Quail  and  jack    rabbits  are  even  at  this  late    day  very  plen- 


UUTCH    CHAKI.KV. 

tiful.  I. ions,  as  well  as  lyn.v  and  wild  cat,  are  .often  encountered 
by  the  j)rospector,  but  are  generally  great  cowards,  and  therefore 
harmless.  The  grizzly  bears,  the  king  of  beasts  of  this  region,  which 
were  often  seen  by  the  miners,  have  emigrated  to  new  pastures.  It 
was  unsafe  to  encounter  one  of  these  animals  unless  well  armed. 
Good  runners  and  good  climbers  they  were  no  respecters  of  per- 
sons, and  would  attack  a  lawyer,  doctor,  or  even  a  minister  of  the 
gospel  as  readily  as  a  common  miner,  and  enjoy  it  just  as  much.  'I'he 
tarantulas  also,  were  very  numerous  at  this  time,  and  a  dangerous 
insect  to  frolic  with  unless  there  was  a  mutual  understanding  at  the 


94 


THE   ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


start.  Many  were  bitten  bv  them,  and  in  a  few  cases  the  bites 
proved  fatal.  Upon  camping  out  amongst  the  tall  grass,  it  was 
found  to  be  a  very  wise  precaution  to  first  turn  your  boots  wrong 
side  out  before  putting  them  on  in  the  morning. 

The  grizzly  is  of  all  animals  the  hardest  to  kill,  and  for  this 
reason  many  hunters  were  very  seriously  injured  and  killed  by  them' 
A  miner,  who  was  at  work  near  town,  came   running  in  one  morn- 


TLRN    \OVM.    r.OOTS. 

ing  with  the  news  that  he  had  just  seen  a  big  grizzly  in  the  brush 
behind  his  cabin.  It  took  but  a  short  time  for  the  old  Kentucky 
hunting  sport,  Dan  Boone,  a  descendant  of  the  original  Daniel,  to 
collect  together  other  lovers  of  bear  hunting,  who,  armed  with  the 
long  barrelled  Kentucky  rifles,  were  soon  on  their  way  in  search  of 
his  silver-tipped    majesty.     They  found  his  trail,    and    followed  it 


THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


9S 


for  some  distance  clown  the  h\g  canon,  until  Lhey  finally  lost  it 
aniono;  the  brush  and  rocks.  'I'hcy  then  went  to  the  summit  of  a 
low  hill  to  await  future  developments,  but  they  didn't  have  long  to 
wait,  for  the  bear  in  the  meantime  had  struck  their  trail,  and 
was  looking  for  them.  The  animal  was  soon  seen  near  the  foot  of 
the  hill,  forcing  il-Ji  way  thrcnigh  the  thick  underbrush  towards  them. 
Boone  was  in  command  for  the  occasion,  and  arranged  his  men  in 
line  ready  for  the  word  of  command,  and  in  a  few  minutes  the  great 


a)-  / 


TOO    MUCH    KOK    THE    BKAR. 

animal  came  into  full  view  out  of  the  brush  and  distant  from  them 
about  50  yards.  Then  came  the  order  to  fire,  and  the  report  of 
nine  rifles  echoed  among  the  ravines  and  canons.  The  bear  stop- 
ped, looked  up  towards  the  hunters,  shook  his  head  with  a  savage 
growl,  and  continued  to  move  up'.vard  toward  their  works.  Boone 
ordered  them  to  load  hastily,  and  at  the  word  every  man  to  fire  and 
then  everyone  for  himself.  When  the  bear  had  come  within  twenty 
yards  of  the  line,  the  order  was  given  to  fire;  but  running  was 
unnecessary,  for  the  bear  rolled  over  from  the  weight  of  lead.  When 
skinned,  eleven  rifle  balls  were  found  in  its  body.     A  miner  in  Shasta 


96 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


Couiitv  towards  the  spring-  of  '50,  uhiic  out  prospcctiiio-,  was  met 
upon  a  narrow  trail  In'  a  liiif  hcaltliy  specimen  of  a  grizzly,  and  it 
seemed  determined  to  salute  the  astonished  miner  with  an  affec- 
tionate and  loving  embrace  the  latter  resisted  \  igorouslv  the  loving 
advances  of  the  brute,  and  by  a  great  display  of  courage  and  activ- 
ity did  succeed  in  saving  his  life,  but  not  without  receiving  serious 
injury,  his  face  being  badly  torn  and  one  of  his  eyes  entirely  de- 
stroyed.    As    the   country   became  more  thickly  settled,  the  rattle- 


the:  prospkctor  and    inh;  nKi.K. 

snake,  the  scorpion,  and  the  tarantula,  as  well  as  all  other  danger- 
ous and  venomous  animals,  followed  in  the  trail  of  the  coyote,  wild 
cat,  deer,  and  the  grizzly,  for  new  i)astures  far  away  from  the 
haunts  of  men,  the  range  of  six-shooters,  patent  breech  loaders, 
long  range  42  calibre,  whiskey,  and  the  intluence  of  civilization, 
generally. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Climaiic  ("ii.\.\(;i.s — Appi'.araxck  ok  Iamii.iak  Mi:ki!s — Rats — 
I'nF.  I'Kri-,  'I'liiioKN — Kali.  Ivmick  \  iiox  I'm,  Ioiinson  Cu'i- 
Off  -'riii.  'I'akcki — Thf.  I'iksi  NOim,  I.adn — A  Si-arian 
MoriiKk — 'I'liK  r>()\s  III-  a  Tri;!-. 

II'  was  often  maintained  by  older  heads,  even  at  this  time  as  well 
as  subsequently,  that  elimatic  changes  followed  emigration  to  any 
or  all  parts  of  the  work!,  ami  that  various  plants  also  would  follow 
in  their  trail;  but  why  was  this  ?  Whatever  the  theory  nuiv  be,  we 
found  the  fact  one  of  verity  in  our  experience  in  (California.  Can 
we  ever  forget  the  old-fashioned  herb  bag  of  our  boyhood  days 
suspended  from  the  rafters  in  the  garret,  which  we  used  to  take 
delight  in  pelting  with  corn  cobs  and  other  convenient  missiles,  and 
which  contained  the  precious  herbs  and  medical  plants  that  our 
grandmothers  had  carefully  collected,  dried  and  stowed  away  for 
future  use?  We  surely  can  never  forget  our  unj-jleasant  familiarity 
with  a  portion  of  the  contents  of  these  same  bags,  when  suffering 
from  those  same  com|)laints  with  which  "  grandma  "  so  assiduously 
and  successfully  copetl  I  Now,  had  the  grandmothers  who  crossed 
the  plains  to  make  their  homes  upon  this  side  of  the  continent 
brought  with  them  the  ancient  herb  bag  ?  More  than  likely  was  it, 
that  from  this  bag,  susi:)ended  from  the  hoops  that  formed  the  cover- 
ing of  the  wagons,  the  seeds  were  scattered  along  the  highways  and 
byways;  for  here  in  this  far-distant  land  where  never  before  were 
they  seen  or  known,  couUl  the  familiar  plants  be  discerned,  sj)rout- 
ing  into  life  among  the  ravines  and  gidlevs.  I-'or  instance,  here 
was  the  horehound,  the  motherwort,  the  spearmint  and  the  entire 
family  of  mints,  including  of  course  the  mint  julep,  and  following 
later,  the  U.  S.  Mint.  The  wild  parsnij),  the  wild  turnip  and  the 
catnip  (including  iilso  in  the  list  a  great  variety  of  other  nips  found 
at  the  bar),  were  additional  evidences  of  the  influence  of  civilization, 
upon  the    l''auna,  Flora  ami   hert)aceous    jM-oductions  of   new  settle- 

97 


9cS  THi:   ARGOXAUTS    OF   CALIFORNIA. 

iiitiits.  'l"hc  (lUl  fashioned  mullein  stalk,  wilh  which  we  were  all 
familiar  in  our  boyhood  days,  delayed  its  appearance  in  California, 
at  least  in  the  mining  regions,  until  about  the  year  '58,  at  which  late 
date  it  came  in  the  following  authentic  manner  : 

A  Mrs.  Coates,  a  resident  of  Reservoir  Hill,  Eldorado  County, 
requested  a  friend  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin  to  send  her  a  package 
of  the  cherry  tomato  seeds.  The  friend  complied,  and  the  seeds 
were  received  in  due  time  and  planted.  They  thrived  exceedingly, 
attaining  immense  proportions  far  above  the  diminutive  turnip  and 
radish  plants  around  tl^m;  but  it  was  found,  alas,  as  they  raised 
their  heads  above  the  garden  fence  that  the  cherry  tomato  was 
only  a  mullein  stalk.  They  were  allowed  to  mature  from  curiosity, 
and  the  seeds  being  blown  into  the  water  ditch  near  at  hand  the 
plants  became  profusely  scattered  throughout  this  portion  of  the 
mining  regions.  In  referring  again  to  the  appearance  of  the  plants 
before  mentioned  seeming  to  follow  upon  the  trail  of  emigration,  it 
is  proper  to  mention  here  a  mysterious  phenomenon  which  was 
observed  afterwards  in  the  appearance  of  new  varieties  and  species 
of  plants,  found  in  the  mining  regions  wherever  the  surface  soil  had 
been  disturbed,  or  where  the  dirt  and  gravel  from  below  had  been 
thrown  upon  the  surface  and  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sun  and 
atmosphere  C)n  these  piles  of  dirt,  sand  or  gravel,  new  species  of 
plants  would  be  often  found  that  had  not  previously  been  seen  in 
the  locality.  This  phenomenon  has  for  many  years  been  reasoned 
upon,  by  not  only  the  mining  class,  but  by  many  able  scientific  men 
as  well,  in  relation  to  the  new  species  or  plants,  that  spring  forth 
from  the  soil  and  gravel  that  have  been  drawn  up  from  great  depths 
below  the  earth's  surface.  Many  theories  have  been  advanced  in 
explanation  of  the  phenomena,  and  by  many  scientific  men  it  is 
maintained  that  the  seeds  of  such  plants  have  been  lying  in  a  dor- 
mant state  for  centuries,  perhaps,  below  the  surface;  but  could  not 
germinate  until  exposed  to  the  sun  or  atmosphere.  We  find  upon 
visiting  again  the  mining  regicjns  where  we  worked  in  early  days, 
that  the  hills  and  ravines  in  many  places  w^here  originally  there 
stood  here  and  there  an  oak,  are  now  covered  by  a  thrifty  growth 
of  ])ine  trees,  many  of  them  now  nearly  40  years  of  age  and  of  great 
size.  I'he  question,  therefore,  arises  as  to  what  caused  tiiese  young 
pines  t(j  start  frcmi  the  ground  after  the  miner  had  commenced  his 
labor  of  extracting  the  gold. 


/'///•;    .IA'U\).V.1C//'S    OJ-'    CAI.II-'ORXIA.  99 

\\'hy  hail  llu-\-  not  started  previous  to  the  (lisc:()very  of  gold;  if 
mining  among  the  ravines  and  hills  changed  the  conditions  which 
were  necessiiry  to  make  the  coming  of  the  young  pme  possible, 
what  then  were  the  conditions,  and  what  was  the  nature  and  cause 
of  the  change?  In  the  investigation  of  this  phenomenon,  I  found 
one  fact  well  demonstrated,  and  that  is  that  these  young  pines 
spring  into  life  from  the  ground  only  in  those  localities  where  oak 
trees  had  been  standing,  and  which  had  been  cut  and  removed  from 
the  ground.  It  was  upon  this  now  vacant  ground  that  the  young 
pines  came  forth  in  such  numbers,  and  so  thickly,  as  though  the 
pine  nuts  had  been  sown  in  the  same  manner  as  grain  would  have 
been.  From  this  fact,  it  is  evident  that  the  removing  of  the  oak  is 
the  condition  or  the  change  required  to  bring  them  forth;  but  yet 
the  question  still  remains  unanswered.  I  found  many  localities 
now  covered  with  this  thick  growth  of  pines  that  formerly  but  a 
few  only  of  the  oaks  had  occupied  (and  in  some  cases  they  were  at 
least  150  feet  apart),  so  it  could  not  have  been,  as  has  been  main- 
tained, that  it  w'as  owing  to  their  shading  the  ground  that  the 
young  pines  had  not  before  sprung  u[).  Some  scientists  who 
have  written  upon  this  subject  maintain  that  the  seeds  of  the  pine 
are  scattered  just  beneath  the  surface  of  the  ground;  but,  owing  to 
the  shade  of  the  oak,  they  cannot  germinate,  and  lie  there  dormant 
for  hundreds  of  years,  perhaps,  until  the  conditions  become  favor- 
able for  their  growth.  My  interpretation  of  this  phenomenon  is, 
that  this  soil  is  natural  to  the  pine,  or  in  other  words  the  proper 
elements  which  bring  into  existence  this  species  of  vegetation,  as 
the  pine  tree,  are  indigenous  to  the  soil,  for  the  reason,  no  doubt, 
that  all  of  these  barren  places  were  in  some  pre-historic  age, 
covered  with  pines;  but  in  consequence  of  unusual  dry  season  or 
by  fire  had  become  destroyed.  Then  again  the  ciuestion  arises, 
that  -since  the  oaks  are  not  natural  to  the  soil  in  these  locations, 
how  then  came  they  there  ?  This  can  be  explained  by  the  fact  that 
the  natives  who  inhabit  these  regions  subsist  upon  the  acorns  to 
soine  extent,  and  by  them  are  scattered  among  the  hills  throughout 
the  country;  they  become  imbedded  in  a  short  time  beneath  the 
surface,  germinate,  and  grow  into  great  oaks.  An  accidental  pro- 
duction, therefore,  not  natural  to  the  soil,  but  which  extract  from 
it  certain  important  elements  necessary  for  the  growth  of  the  pine^ 
and  the    latter,  as  a  consequence,    cannot  spring   into   life  until  the 


loo  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

former  are  removed.  In  other  words,  it  may  be  stated  that  since 
the  existence  of  any  form  of  hfe,  whether  vegetable  or  animal,  can 
only  be  possible  when  the  conditions  are  favorable  for  such  an 
existence,  it  is  therefore  very  evident  that  the  growth  of  the  oak 
tree  upon  this  soil  changes,  in  some  peculiar  manner,  those  condi- 
tions which  are  necessary  for  the  growth  of  the  pine;  consequently, 
the  latter  cannot  have  an  existence  until  the  conditions  are  rendered 
favorable  by  the  removal  of  the  former.  That  such  is  the  true 
theory  has  been  well  demonstrated,  in  my  opinion,  in  a  few  instances 
here  in  C'alifornia  in  the  case  of  the  wild  oats,  when  a  fiekl  of 
wheat  has  been  transformed  or  changed  into  the  former.  \W\(\. 
oats  being  indigenous  to  the  soil,  or,  in  other  words,  the  ijroper 
elements  being  contained  within  the  soil  necessary  to  produce 
this  variety  of  cereal  will  under  certain  conditions,  for  instance, 
such  as  plowing,  cultivation,  or  in  stirring  of  the  loose  soil,  spring 
forth  spontaneously  without* the  necessity  of  previously  sowing  the 
seed,  and  thus' preventing  the  germination  of  the  wheat.  This 
singular  phenomenon  has  occurred  upon  three  separate  occasions 
here  to  my  knowledge,  and  is,  as  far  as  my  knowledge  extends,  a 
phenomenon  that  has  never  been  known  to  occur  in  any  other  coun- 
try except  \\\)o\-\  a  much  smaller  scale. 

But  the  (juestion  might  very  properly  be  asked.  Since  these  pines 
are  indigenous  to  the  soil,  and  await  the  time  when  all  proper  con- 
ditions are  favorable  for  their  growth,  why  tUj  they  not  come  forth 
and  cover  the  ground  previous  to  the  growth  of  the  oak,  as  well  as 
after  the  latter  has  been  removed  ? 

'l"he  only  explanation  of  this  in  ni\-  opinion  is,  so  far  as  it  is  pos- 
sible to  understand  the  phenomenon,  that  the  presence  of  the  oak 
growing  upon  the  heretofore  barren  soil,  makes  the  conditions  in 
some  peculiar  manner  favorable  for  the  germination  of  the  i)ine,  by 
transferring  such  elements  from  the  atmosphere  to  the  so.il  as  are 
favorable  for  it,  or  otherwise  extracting  from  the  soil  certain  ele- 
ments which  are  obnoxious  to  its  growth,  and  for  such  reasons, 
therefore,  upon  the  removal  of  the  oak  the  young  pines  make  their 
appearance;  at  any  rate  the  jihenomenon  exists,  whether  the  above 
explanation  is  the  true  one  or  not. 

There  also  was  soon  seen  the  olil  faithful  fainilv  house-dog,  who 
had  followed  patiently  and  wearily  through  sandy  deserts  and  over 
mountains  the  train  of  his  master  to  find  a  new  and  a  more  pleasant 


TtlE   ARC.OXAUTS    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


home  iipt)ii  ihc  I'acifu:  slope;  but  up  to  the  spniiL,^  of  "50  not  a  single 
cat,  or  "  Kilty,"  was  seen  m  this  part  of  the  mining  regions.  Many 
started  with  the  trains  but  died  before  reaching  here.  In  the  fall 
of    '50    many    were   occasionally    seen,   having    been   brought  from 


DIl.    FIRST    R.-\T    IN 


Oregon  and  the  lower  part  of  California.  Homestic  annnals  will, 
like  the  herb,  and  for  similar  reast)ns  (if  any  one  can  explain  what 
they  are  ,  follow  in  the  trail  of  advancing  civilization,  for  here  now, 
at   this  earlv  da\ ,  when    we   have  onlv   scarcely   arrived,   and    have 


102  THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CAIJFORNIA. 

hardly  had  time  tu  get  stjuared  around  and  get  located,  or  to  look 
about  us,  we  find  among  us  the  familiar  plants,  the  faithful  house- 
dog, the  occupant  of  the  hearth  corner — the  cat,  and  now  but  one 
thing,  or  but  one  more  animal,  is  wanting  to  complete  the  comple- 
ment needed  to  give  all  the  appearance  of  an  Eastern  home  which 
we  have  deserted,  perhaps  forever,  and  that  is  the  affectionate  and 
the  tlocile  rat.      Oh,  wiiere  is  the  rat  !   why  has  he  so  long  delayed  ! 

"  He  is  here  !  here  he  is  !  hello,  bovs,  bovs,  (piick  !  he  has  come 
at  last  !" 

A  rush  antl  a  connnotion  in  the  street  outside  gave  evidence  of 
some  tragic  event  which  had  occurred,  or  was  about  to  take  place- 
Men  were  running  from  all  directions;  some  with  guns,  pistols  and 
weapons  of  various  descriptions  and  calibre,  from  a  bean  blower  to 
a  mountain  howitzer,  and  all  appeared  to  be  concentrating  their 
forces  toward  a  certain  grocery  store,  in  front  of  which  were  a  num- 
ber of  men  who  were  hopping,  stamping,  and  jumping  around  upon 
a  pile  of  straw.  All  were  evidently  in  the  last  stages  of  "  jimjams," 
for  they  all  sw(;re  that  they  had  seen  a  big  rat,  while  others  again, 
who  seemed  more  quiet  and  composed,  maintained  that,  although 
they  had'nt  seen  him,  yet  they  were  positive  that  they  smelled  him. 
Yes,  it  was  true,  for  soon  its  body  was  found  in  the  straw,  horribly 
mangled,  so  much  so  that  its  countenance  was  unrecognizable,  but 
its  tail  was,  and  that  told  the  tale  of  its  species.  It  had  sponged  its 
way  u[)  from  San  l^'rancisco  in  the  straw  of  a  crockery  crate,  and 
thus  ended  the  career  of  the  first  rat  that  arrived  in  Hangtown,  on 
or  about  March  i,  1850. 

The  arrival  of  every  ship  into  San  I'rancisco  brought  its  full 
complement  of  rats  from  various  parts  of  the  world.  The  conse- 
quence was  that,  by  the  fall  of  '50,  the  chief  towns  near  and  con- 
venient to  San  I'Tancisco  were  overrun  with  this  species  of  animal. 
During  a  walk  through  the  principal  street  in  Sacramento  in  the 
evening,  after  the  business  of  the  day  was  over,  thev  could  be  seen 
in  swarms,  and  in  some  localities  it  was  even  difficult  to  walk  along 
without  stepi^ing'  upon  the  innocent  creatures.  C)n  one  sidewalk 
in  particular,  in  J  street,  I  think,  upon  which  were  piled  sacks  of 
grain  and  produce  of  various  kinds,  c:<)uld  be  seen  rats  by  the  thou- 
sands, of  all  sizes  and  nationalities,  crawling  in  among,  through, 
and  over  these  sacks  in  every  direction;  through  tunnels,  down 
shafts  and  drifts,  in  true  miner's  style,  and  from  their  sleek,  healthy 


THE   ARGONAUTS    OT    CALIFORNIA. 


103 


I04  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

a])i)earance  ihey  had  evitleiitly  stiiuk  it.  'I'hey  were  dilYei'eiit  in 
nationality,  wiiich  was  evident  from  tlieir  clioice  in  the  selection  of 
food;  for  instance,  in  among  a  pile  of  sacks  containing  cabbages,  were 
the  Dutch  species  of  rats,  brought  over  in  some  ship  from  Holland. 
'I'here  was  no  mistaking  their  birthplace,  for  scraps  of  Bologna 
sausage  were  scattered  about,  and  the  scent  of  Limberger  cheese 
was  perceptible.  Upon  a  pile  of  sacks  containing  corn,  was  seen 
a  number  of  very  healthy  corpulent  chaps  who  appeared  to  be 
engaged  \\\  debating  some  important  question.  They  were  prob- 
ablv  of  English  stock,  and  were  holding  a  debate  upon  the  corn 
laws.  ITpon  a  pile  of  sacks  which  were  tilled  with  wheat,  was  seen 
ix  large  number  of  rats  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions:  some  with 
long  tails,  some  with  short,  and  some  with  no  tails  at  all.  They 
appeared  to  be  engaged  in  a  fierce  warfare  over  some  very  import- 
ant question,  and  were  scratching,  biting,  pulling  and  hauling  each 
other  around  in  a  most  vicious  manner.  A  closer  observation  evi- 
denced the  fact  that  these  were  the  true  American  species,  and  were 
wheat  brokers  "on  'change."  There  was  no  mistaking  the  nation- 
ality of  those  rats  prospecting  among  the  stack  of  potato  sacks 
beyond,  for  standing  erect  upon  the  top  of  it,  in  a  very  striking  atti- 
tude, with  its  paws  \\\)  in  Yankee  Sullivan  style,  was  a  huge  rat,  its 
long  tail  carelessly  thrown  over  an  immense  potato  in  front  of  it, 
and  in  imagination  we  heard  it  remark  to    its  companions  around  it: 

"Now,  nic  lads,  bring  on  the  b'vs  who'd  be  afther  jest  treading 
on  me  foine  tail,  thin  ! 

A  pile  of  mats  containing  rice  was  honored  by  the  presence  of  a 
lot  of  Chinese  rats.  The  style  of  eating,  and  the  manner  of  hand- 
ling the  chop-sticks  was  an  evidence  of  this  fact. 

The  time  was  now  near  at  hand  w^b.cn  the  semi-civilized  condi- 
tions under  which  the  earlier  emigrants  had  been  living,  were  to  be 
changed  ;  for  there  was  quite  a  large  emigration  on  its  way  from 
Missouri,  Texas  and  other  States  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  among 
them  were  some  of  the  most  desperate  characters  of  the  frontier. 
The  first  arrivals  of  the  emigrants  created  no  little  degree  of  excite- 
ment among  the  vounger  portion  of  the  commimity,  especially  from 
the  fact  that  n  was  learned  that  a  number  of  young  ladies  were  on 
their  way  to  the  mining  regions,  and  would  probably  pass  through 
the  town.  .Mxuii  this  time,  which  I  think  was  in  .August,  '50,  (piite 
a  large  number  of  miners  were  at  work  in  and  near  the  creek,  along 


THE  ARi'.OXAUTS   (>/•    CAIJl'OKNIA. 


I  OS 


io6  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

the  margin  of  which  was  the  regular  emigrant  road,  following  the 
course  of  the  creek  for  nearly  two  miles. 

It  was  late  in  the  afternoon  of  one  pleasant  day  that  the  news 
was  passed  along  down  the  creek,  from  the  miners  above  to  others 
below,  that  a  train  was  coming  in  which  a  very  pretty  young  lady 
was  the  chief  attraction.  A  dust  cloud  was  soon  seen  away  above, 
showing  that  the  train  was  near  at  hand,  and  the  miners  left  their 
work  and  arranged  themselves  near  the  road.  As  the  train  ap- 
proached, the  young  lady  was  seen  in  advance  riding  the  old  family 
gray  mare,  and  apparently  unconscious  of  the  sensation  which  she 
was  the  innocent  cause  of  producing  among  that  crowd  of  un- 
washed, uncombed  and  unshaven  miners. 

She  was,  as  all  would  swear  to,  a  very  pretty  girl  from  the  State 
of  Kentucky  ;  the  daughter  of  a  colonel  who  was  a  veteran  of  the 
Mexican  war.  Of  course,  it  would  never  answer  for  ladies  who 
had  been  traveling  over  mountains  and  sandy  deserts  for  three  or 
four  months,  to  appear  again  in  a  civilized  community  in  traveling 
costume,  so  a  halt  had  been  made  previous  to  their  entry,  a  few 
miles  al)ove,  and  toilets  properly  arranged.  The  young  lady  was 
dressed  plainly  but  neatly  in  a  common  blue  calico  dress,  with  a 
yoke  attachment  at  the  top,  heavy  flounces  around  the  bottom  cut 
bias  style,  but  no  paniers  to  speak  of.  She  wore  a  broad-brimmed 
Leghorn,  milk-maid  style  of  a  straw  hat,  and  a  broad,  black  velvet 
ribbon  around  her  neck. 

'I'he  other  members  of  the  family  had  not  been  so  particular 
and  looked  just  like  all  other  emigrants.  The  wagon  contained,  of 
course,  the  aged  parents,  with  the  usual  complement  of  tow-heads 
found  among  all  emigrant  trains. 

The  remarks  made  by  the  various  miners  as  the  young  lady 
passed  along  upon  the  old  gray  mare  were  very  amusing.  One 
youth  remarked  that,  "Them  eyes  of  her'n  are  jest  exactly  like  my 
Mary  Jane's,"  and  another  one  says,  "Now  that  nose  and  chin  and 
her  hair,  too,  is  exactly  like  my  Marthy's  down  in  Kennebunk." 
"  But  ain't  she  lovely,  though  ?  "  asked  another,  and  so  on,  each 
one  remarking  how  much  she  resembled  and  reminded  him  of 
some  one  often  thought  of  away  across  the  continent. 

One  young  man  had  the  audacity  to  remark,  in  the  hearing  of 
them  all,  that  "That  young  Kentucky  gal  wern't  half  so  good  look- 
ing as  his  Matilda  Jane  down   in    Jersey,"  and  they  gave  the  youth 


77/ A"   .IA'(;().\:il"/'S    (V-"    Cl/J/'OAW/.I.  i07 

to  uiulerstaiul  that  thcv  woiihl  have  a  settU-iiu-iit  with  him  for  ex- 
pressinor  such  an  opinion.  Ihit  the  next  mnrninLi.  dh  coniintj  out  to 
work,  thev  found  two  stakes  driven  upon  this  xounij;  man's  claim, 
and  on  one  was  an  old  sund)onnet,  while  on  tin-  other  was  fastened 
a  younti"  lady  s  slip|)er.  He  had  evidentlv  purloined  these  from  the 
watjon  diirins^  the  silent  watches  of  the  night,  knowing  them  to  i)e 
the  property  of  the  young  lady  from  Kentucky.  Under  such  cir- 
cumstances i^  was  evident  that  he  had  repented  of  his  rashness,  and 
he  was  freely  forgiven  upon  the  condition  that  he  would  make  a  di- 
vision of  the  plunder,  which  he  did. 

'I'he  train  went  into  camp  near  town,  and  after  the  day's  work 
was  done,  many  of  the  yoiuiger  boys  lounged  around  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  strangers'  cam])  to  get  a  sight  of  the  |)retty  Kentucky  girl. 

While  she  was  engaged  in  frying  pancakes  for  the  evening  meal, 
a  young,  sandy-haired  miner  proposed  to  purchase  one  of  them  from 
her.  She  said  that  they  were  not  for  sale,  but  that  she  would  give 
him  one  with  pleasure,  which  she  did  1)\-  dropping  it  hot  from  the 
pan  into  his  hand,  and  he  returned  the  comj^liment  by  dropping  into 
her  hand  a  very  pretty  gold  specimen,  which  she  refused  to  accejjt. 
I'pon  a  little  ])ersuasion  from  the  modest  south  she  changed  her 
mind,  however,  and  slip[)ed  it  into  her  pocket. 

i'he  emigrants  continueil  straggling  in,  some  on  foot  antl  alone, 
and  others  in  trains  drawn  bv  horses,  mules  or  oxen.  The  \arietv 
of  vehicles  was  legion,  as  some  had  two  wheels  and  others  four  ; 
while  one  man.  a  tall,  sandy-haired  Scotchman,  rolled  along  over 
the  dusty  road,  over  mountains,  through  rocky  canons  and  across 
the  barren  desert  from  St.  Jo,  in  a  carriage  with  but  one  wheel,  to 
wit,  only  a  common  wheel-barrow. 

The  emigrants  of  this  year  suffered  terribly  in  consequence  of 
the  scarcity  of  grass  for  animals,  for  which  reason  many  cattle  died, 
and  the  emigrants  were  compelled  to  finish  their  journey  for  hun- 
dreds (jf  miles  on  foot.  There  were  numerous  deaths  from  exhaus- 
tion, starvation  and  disease.  After  their  arrival  in  town,  however, 
many  died  from  over-eating,  and  in  some  cases  it  was  necessary  to 
restrain  them  by  main  force  from  gorging  themselves  while  at  the 
dinner  table. 

Four  young  men  in  town  procured  horses,  and,  loading  them  with 
provisions  cooked  ready  for  use,  started  out  to  feed  the  starving 
emigrants.      A  few   miles  from   town   thev  encountered  an  ox  team 


io8 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


which  was  standiiitj:  in  the  road.  The  driver,  a  large,  powerful  man, 
was  seated  in  the  road  in  the  dirt  and  dust  in  front  of  them  gnaw- 
ing, or  rather  sucking,  a  small  piece  of  pork  rind,  and  in  the  covered 
wagon  was  found  the  wife  and  mother,  with  two  or  three  children, 
engaged  in  a  similar  occupation.  It  was  the  last  of  their  supplies, 
and  upon  which  they  had  subsisted  for  the  previous  two  days.    The 


r>^ 


EMIGRATION    OF     50. 

young  men,  therefore,  furnished   them  with  the   necessarv  supplies 
at  once. 

A.  few  miles  further  on  they  saw  ahead  of  them,  in  the  road,  a 
man  covered  with  dust  and  dirt  and  hatless,  running  at  full  speed 
towards  them.  They  discovered  that  he  was  an  emigrant,  and  that 
starvation  had,  doubtless,  made  him  partially  insane.  He  was  pur- 
sued and  caught,  and  after  being  fed  he  recovered  sufficiently  to  be 
able  to  give  his  name.      He  stated  that  a  few  miles  back   upon  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


109 


road  he  had  passed  a  woman,  uitli  her  husliaiui,  who  was  sick  in  the 
wagon,  and  with  three  or  four  ^oung  children. 

"The  woman,"  he  said,  "was  frying  over  the  fire  a  few  Httle 
cakes,  and  1  asked  if  she  W(KiU1  give  nie  one  as  I  vas  starving.  She 
said  that  she  would  to  save  my  life,  but  that  thcjse  four  little  cakes 
were  the  last  that  she  had  to  divide  among  six  of  them.  I  told  her 
that  if  that  was  the  case  I  would   not  rol)  her." 

And  from  tliat  time  he  stated  that  he  seemed  to  lose  all  con- 
sciousness. 

IJy  the  afternoon  of  the  second  day  out  upon  their  charitable 
mission  the  young  men  had  distributed  their  supplies  among  the 
suffering,  and  camped  for  the  night  at  a  spring  near  the  road.     To- 


-^~ 


k^^>l-v:^r>:??^_'^«--^9-^-'j-'  ^- 


WHAT  S    UP. 

wards  evening,  as  they  v/ere  sitting  by  their  camp  fire,  they  observed 
away  across  on  the  opposite  side  of  a  steep  canon,  an  animal  of 
some  kind,  but  owing  to  the  distance  could  not  tell  whether  it  was 
a  horse,  cow  or  bear.  They  fired  several  shots  with  their  rifles  in 
that  direction,  but  without  effect. 

It  was  about  daylight  the  ne.xt  morning  when  they  were  aroused 
from  a  sound  sleep  by  a  terrible  noise  and  stampede  among  their 
horses.  Upon  investigation  was  discovered,  at  a  short  distance 
through  the  darkness,  the  form  of  some  animal  which  had  very 
much  the  appearance  of  a  huge  bear,  as   they    hatl   often  seen  por- 


no  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

trayed  in  their  picture  books  wiien  boys.  They  concluded  not  to 
investigate  any  further  at  present,  but  vied  with  each  other  to  see 
who  could  chmb  up  a  tree  the  quickest.  The  grizzly,  for  such  it 
proved  to  be,  was  the  strange  animal  seen  upon  the  ilat  across  the 
canon,  and  which  they  had  been  using  for  a  target.  Instigated  by 
a  similar  feeling,  presumably,  and  with  an  intense  desire  to  see  who 
the,  to  It,  strange  animals  were  upon  the  lull,  it  had  traveled  up 
around  the  head  of  the  canon,  a  distance  of  about  twelve  miles, 
to  satisfy  its  curiosity  and  to  see  what  was  up,  which  ii  soon  found, 
on  looking  up  among  the  hmbs  of  a  big  pine  tree. 

After  devouring  everything  in  sight  that  was  eatable,  as  well, 
also,  as  many  things  which  were  not  so  muc;h  so,  the  grizzly  cast  its 
eyes  up  towards  the  boys,  and  with  a  knowing  wink  hoped  they 
would  come  that  way  often  to  practice  target  shooting,  and  departed. 

The  third  night  out,  and  on  their  way  home,  they  camped  at 
what  was  then  called  "  Leek  Springs,"  on  the  regular  emigrant  road. 
They  picketed  their  horses  as  usual  before  retiring  for  the  night, 
but  found,  to  their  astonishment  m  the  nn)rning,  that  the  trusty 
steeds  had  been  stolen.  After  tracking  the  animals  for  a  few  miles, 
they  saw  among  the  tall  grass  a  large  band  of  horses,  well  guarded 
by  mounted  Mexicans,  which  had  been  stolen  from  the  emigrants 
for  the  two  previous  years. 

Upon  arriving  in  town  the  facts  were  reported  and  an  expedi- 
tion started  immediately  to  capture  the  thieves,  but  too  late,  as  the 
marauders  were  on  their  way  to  Lower  California,  led  by  the  noted 
bandit  Joaquin,  it  was  supposed. 

A  two-wheeled,  covered  cart,  drawn  by  a  very  diminu- 
tive yoke  of  o.xen,  which  passed  through  the  town  at  this  time 
created  much  amusement.  It  was  under  the  management  of  a 
stately  Pike  County  dame.  She  was  about  fifty  years  of  age,  with 
long  ringlets  dangling  from  the  sides  of  her  head,  and  was  dressed 
in  the  latest  and  most  approved  style  of  bloomer  costume.  As  this 
stately  dame  marched  with  a  dignified  and  majestic  tread  alongside 
of  her  team,  carrying  upon  her  shoulder  the  usual  regulation  Mis- 
souri ox  gad,  she  presented  a  fine  appearance,  and  as  old  Mike  (a 
venerable  Creek)  remarked  : 

*' P>e  jabers,  thin,  she  reminds  me  of  a  Sjiartan  mither  with  her 
chariot,  do  yez  see,  searching  upon  the  faild  of  battle  for  the  bodies 
of  her  brave  b'vs  !  " 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


It  was,  however,  a  fair  illustration  ot  what  it  is  even  possible  for 
a  woman  to  accomplish  when  she  takes  a  notion. 

The  road  across  the  Sierra  Nevada  range  of  mountains,  over 
which  the  emigrants  were  obliged  to  travel,  in  order  to  pass  through 
Hangtown,  was  called  the  old  Tremont  trail,  and  was  a  ver}'^  rough 
road;  crossing  deep  canons  and  rocky  points,  but  a  man  by  the 
name  of  jack  Johnson  who  was  accustomed  to  mountain  travel  and 


THE    SPARTAN    MOTHER. 

famous  for  opening  new  trails  and  "cut  offs,"  succeeded  ui  the  fall 
(jf  '49,  or  spring  of  '50  rather,  in  finding  a  much  better,  as  well  as  a 
shorter  trail,  which  the  emigration  of  following  years  took  advan- 
tage of.  It  w^as  used  for  many  years,  and  universally  known  as  the 
"Johnson  Cut  off,"  and,  by  the  way,  it  was  supposed  to  save  about 
thirty  miles  of  travel. 

Some    eighteen    or    twenty  years  subsequent   to   the   finding  of 


112  THE   AKGOXAUTS   OF   CAIJFORNTA. 

this  trail,  Mr.  Johnson  iiad  (ncasion  to  stop  over  night  in  Placer- 
ville,  at  the  Cary  House,  and  occupied  a  room  in  the  second  stor}-. 
He  was  tired  and  restless,  and  awakening  in  the  night,  not  knowing 
where  he  was,  and  seeing  before  him  what  he  supposed  was  an 
open  door,  which  was  in  fact  a  French  window  opening  to  the  floor, 
he  walked  out  of  this  window,  faUing  to  tiie  ground  below,  and 
breaking  an  arm  in  the  fall.  An  old  timer  who  was  present,  the 
next  day  with  a  piece  of  chalk  wrote  upon  a  board,  placing  the 
latter  against  the  building  l)eneath  the  wmdow: 

YWV.    JOIINSOX  CUT  OKI'. 

But  the  old  timer  was  many  years  behind  the  time  for  such  a  joke 
to  be  understood  and  appreciated;  for  nearly  twenty  years  had 
passed,  and  the  history  of  ''  Johnson's  Cut  off"  had  long  since  been 
forgotten,  or  remembered  only  as  a  tradition;  and  all  those  who  saw 
the  sign,  with  a  couple  of  exceptions, asked  what  it  meant.  Becom- 
ing conscious  at  length  that  even  here,  too,  time  was  putting  in  ils 
work,  with  a  sad  heart  he  removed  the  board  from  its  position, 
remarking  to  another  old  timer  near  him: 

"  Dan  !  the  time  alas,  is  drawmg  near  when  the  bov  will  incjuire 
of  his  father: 

'' *  Pa,  what  is  an  old  forty-niner,  anyhow.''  The  school-teacher 
gave  the  conundrum  to-day,  for  us  to  guess.'  " 

"  The  father  referring  to  Mark  Twain;  '  J'hoenix,'  the  Argonauts 
of  California,'  and  numerous  other  ancient  records  will  answer,  that 
many  long  years  ago,  a  few  adventurers  from  the  Eastern  States 
hearing  that  here  upon  the  Western  Slope  the  discovery  of  the 
ancient  site  of  Paradise  had  been  made,  and  that  remnants  of  the 
richly  paved  streets  of  the  New  Jerusalem  had  also  been  found 
scattered  over  the  country,  ventured  forth  in  quest  of  this  earthly 
Eden.  They  brought  with  them  in  their  ships  all  the  various  tools, 
implements,  and  devices  for  collecting  together  the  scattereil  rem- 
nants of  the  holy  j)avement,  and  tradition  states  also,  as  well  as  from 
the  fact  that  amidst  the  debris  and  ruins  of  an  old  edifice  of  some 
description  in  San  Francisco  was  found  many  vears  since  a  huge 
bear  carved  in  stone,  confirming  the  tradition  that  this  was  the  site 
of  an  edifice  erected  by  this  race  of  people  (the  l''(;rty-niners)  and 
used  as  a  place  of  resort  for  social  gatherings,  and  as  a  means  of 
keeping    in   remembrance   those    early    days    and    perpetuating  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


"3 


names  of  the  most  luoniincnt  of  those   who  took   a   pent.      And   the 

inquisitive  boy  would  probably  ask: 

"  '  Are  the  names  of  any  of  these  yet  renieniljered,  Pa  ? ' 

"  '  Yes,  but  only  one  that  T  now  remember  of,'  the   father  would 

answer;  for  it   was  the  tradition   that  at   that  early  period  of  time, 


■J 


THL    ARGONAUT    AND    HIS    MULE. 

a  mule  was  often  seen  wandering  among  the  hills  and  cafions, 
going  in  various  directions,  but  without  any  apparent  desire  on  the 
part  of  the  frank  and  energetic  looking  Argonaut  upon  its  back  to 
go  anywhere  in  particular,  only  so  he  got  there  on  time.  *  Tradition, 
my  son,  further  tells  us  that  this  rider's  name  was  Pixley,  and  that 
he  was  probal)ly  hunting  for  some  office.'  " 


114 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


"  '  Well,'  the  boy  asks,  '  did  he  find  it,  Pa  ? 

"  '  Tradition  tells  us  that  he  did  later — a  printing  ofiice.' 

"•' '  Well,  Pa,'  the  boy  will  again  ask;  '  the  name  of  the  man  who 
first  found  the  gold  was  known,  wasn't  it? ' 

"  '  Yes,  so  it  was  supposed  for  many  long  years,  and  they  even 
erected  a  monument  in  Colomo  to  perpetuate  his  memory;  but  alas 
for  the  uncertainty  of  all  human  knowledge,  an  eccentric  and  ingen- 


THE   CHIEF   COOK. 


ious  individual  who  made  cyphers  and  oughts  his  study,  made  the 
discovery  by  a  peculiar  combination  of  them,  that  the  first  person 
who  discovered  gold  here  in  California  was  not  a  man,  but  a  woman, 
who  was  engaged  as  chief  cook  for  one  of  the  Indian  chiefs,  and 
that  she  found  it  in  the  dinner  pot.  While  cooking  for  her  royal 
master  a  Shanghai  chicken,  the  old  chief  noticed  that  it  had  a  very 
yellow,  sickly  appearance,  and  remarked  : 

"  '  Not  muchee  bellie  good,  alle  same  sick.' 

*' '  And  the  cook,  in  searching  for  the  cause,  found  a  small  frag- 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CAl.l FORXl A.  115 

ment  of  pavement  imlKHlded  in  its  gizzard.  Holding  it  aloft  with  a 
triumphant  grin,  she  exclaimed  to  her  royal  lord  and  master: 

"  '  Oh  !  go  way  wid  ye  now,  ye  ould  hathen.  Do  yez  moind  this 
now?  For  shiire,  and  'tis  mesilf  that's  the  first  one  to  place  me  oi 
squarely  upon  the  likes  of  this;  a  bit  of  the  howly  pavement  and 
pure  vargin  gould.     It  is  now,  do  yez  moind  ?  " 

"  '  And  this  simple  incident,  my  son,  was  the  first  foundation  in 
the  structure  of  this  great  and  glorious  empire,  California,  where  it 
was  your  good  fortune  to  first  seethe  light  of  day.' 

"  'Well,  it  was  funny,  wasn't  it,  Pa?  for  the  books  tell  us  that 
one  empire  in  the  olden  times  was  saved  by  a  goose,  and  here  is  an- 
other one  founded  by  a  Shanghai  rooster.' 

"  Daniel,  let  us  enter  in  yonder  open  doorway,  lean  upon  the 
bar,  and  weep.'' 

They  immediately  did  forthwith  enter  therein;  and  leaning  sadly 
upon  the  bar,  did — smile. 


CHAPTER   IX. 


Sickness  in  the  Minks — Karthquakes — The  Steamboat  Men — 
A  Miners'  Meeting — Lucky  Bill — Kit  Carson — The  Finan- 
cial Condition  ok  the  Miners — Australian  Mike  and  His 
Tin  Can — Portuciukse  ]o — The  Divining-Rod. 


M 


UCH  sickness  prevailed  among  the  mining  classes,  caused,  as 
was  generally  believed,  by  the  very  unhealthy  climate  ;  but 
which,  in  fact,  can  be  better  attributed  to  their  habits,  mode  of  life, 
and  intemperance  in  eating  as  well  as  in  drinking.  Typhoid  and 
bilious  fevers  were  the  usual  complaints,  from  which  many  died. 
One  fact  was  remarkable  in  relation  to  those  who  suffered  from  the 
various  diseases  at  this  time,  which  was  that  those  among  whom  the 
sickness  and  mortality  were  greatest  were,  as  a  general  rule,  the 
most  robust  and  able-bodied  men.  The  explanation  doubtless  is 
that  the  healthy,  strong  and  able-bodied  men  were  more  careless  in 
their  habits  and  mode  of  life  ;  placed  less  restraint  upon  their  apj)e- 
tites,  and  therefore  suffered  the  consequences.  'I'hose,  on  the  other 
hand,  of  a  weaker  physique  were  more  careful  of  their  habits,  took 
better  care  of  themselves,  and  therefore  suffered  but  little  from  tiis 
ease,  proving  the  possibility  that  even  the  invalid,  under  proper 
conditions  and  in  the  use  of  his  reasoning  iaculties,  may  be  long- 
lived. 

At  this  period,  also,  great  numbers  returned  to  their  Eastern 
homes,  believing  this  to  be  the  most  unhealthy  climate  of  any  por- 
tion of  the  continent,  and  one  where  no  Northern  or  Eastern  man 
could  dwell  in  safety,  in  consequence  of  the  duration  of  the  long, 
dry  seasons  which  in  some  years  continued  for  a  space  of  eight  and 
ten  months  (as  we  were  informed),  when  not  a  cloud  obscured  the 
sun  or  not  a  drop  of  rain  fell.  It  was  also  feared  that  the  necessa- 
ries of  life  could  not  be  raised  from  the  soil.  For  this  reason  it 
was  thought  that  any  interference  with  the  communication  by  water 
between    this  and    the  East   or  other  portions  of  the  earth  would 

ii6 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CAIJFORNIA. 


117 


cause  great  inconvenience  and  suffering  among  the  residents  of  the 
mining  regions.  But  one  of  the  greatest  dangers  which,  as  we  were 
informed,  we  would  be  compelled  to  encounter  in  this  new  and  un- 
settled country,  and  from  which  there  was  no  possible  escape,  was 
the  destructive  earthquake.  The  Indians  told  us  that  they  were  so 
frequent  some  years  that  the  hills  and  mountains  were  in  almost 
constant  motion.  The  squaws,  they  asserted,  took  advantage  of  the 
fact   by  suspending   their   papooses    from    stakes   driven  into   the 


THK    PAPOOSE    I.UI.T.ARY. 

ground,  and   the  gentle  swaying  of  the  hills  during  the  continuance 
of  the  earthquakes  would  rock  the  latter  to  sleep. 

That  diseases  should  prevail  at  this  time  seems  paradoxical,  for 
great  additions  had  been  made  during  the  past  few  months  to  the 
medical  fraternity,  in  this  portion  of  the  mining  regions,  at  least,  by 
the  arrival  of  Drs.  Ruddock,  Chamberlain,  Baker,  Smith,  Harvey, 
Cook,  Keane,  Burnham,  Hall,  Van  Vleck,  Marshal,  Titus,  Childs, 
Foster,  Shober,  and  a  few  others  whose  names  I  have  forgotten. 
These,  in  conjunction  with  those  of  an  earlier  date  of  arrival,  con- 
stituted a  formidable  array  of  medical  talent  that  was  competent  to 


ii8  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

battle  with  and  to  resist  the  destructive  effects  of  all  diseases.  They 
failed  in  many  cases,  however  ;  but  whether  owing  to  the  very  un- 
healthy nature  of  the  climate,  or  want  of  skill  in  the  fraternity, 
would  be  perhaps  difficult  to  decide. 

A  story  is  told  in  relation  to  one  of  these  physicians,  and  is 
worth  relating,  from  the  fact  that  one  of  the  principal  actors  is,  at 
the  present  time,  a  resident  of  San  Francisco,  and  can  be  seen  oc- 
casionally around  the  wharves,  or  on  board  of  one  of  the  various 
steamers,  although  his  occupation  is  gone  and  the  Colonel  has  out- 
lived his  usefulness. 

Dr.  Ruddock  had  built  a  house  upon  Stony  Point,  and  was 
about  getting  ready  to  move  into  it,  when  he  found  one  evening,  to 
his  astonishment,  that  a  company  of  emigrants,  which  had  just 
arrived  from  St.  Louis,  had  jumped  his  premises  and  refused  to  give 
up  possession.  They  were  five  in  number  and  were  steamboat  run- 
ners from  St.  Louis.  Complaint  was  made  to  Mr.  Wallace,  the 
Justice,  and  Alex.  Hunter,  the  Constable  was  ordered  to  eject  them. 
Returning  to  the  ofifice  again  in  a  few  minutes  he  reported  that  the 
parties  who  had  jumped  the  Doctor's  house  didn't  eject  "  worth  a 
cuss."  He  was  then  authorized  to  raise  a  posse  for  the  purpose, 
which  he  did,  but  only  to  be  laughed  at  by  the  house  jumpers,  and 
he  was  forced  under  the  circumstances  to  make  a  similar  report  to 
headquarters,  and  furthermore  that  they  positively  declared  that 
"there  wasn't  Yanks  enough  in  Hangtown  to  drive  them  out, 
either,"  But  it  happened  just  at  this  crisis  that  Col.  Rogers,  our 
recently  elected  sheriff,  rode  into  town,  and  was  made  acquainted 
with  the  trouble,  and  requested  by  the  Judge  to  raise  a  posse  and 
drive  the  intruders  out.  The  Sheriff  remarked  that  he  would  attend 
to  the  little  affair  at  once,  but  that  he  considered  himself  posse 
enough  for  the  business.  Upon  his  arrival  at  the  house  he  found 
the  door  fastened,  and  upon  demanding  admission  he  was  ordered 
off,  and  he  went  off — about  four  feet — when  he  returned  again  with 
full  force  against  the  door  which  gave  way  with  a  crash,  and  he 
followed  it  into  the  room. 

As  he  entered  he  saw  standing  near  the  door  a  number  of  rifles. 
Seizing  one  of  these,  he  cocked  it,  and  aiming  it  at  the  nearest  man 
he  demanded  an  instant  evacuation  of  the  premises,  which  followed 
immediately  in  the  easiest  and  quickest  mariner  possible,  without 
regard  to  order,  method  or  manner  of  going,  their  chief  desire  being 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OP    CALIFORNIA, 


119 


THE    STEAMBOAT    RUNNERS. 


I20  THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

to  get  out.  The  windows  in  the  rear  being  more  convenient  and 
easy  of  exit,  the  five  steamboat  runners,  with  the  valiant  Colonel  in 
the  rear,  tumbled  out  in  the  quickest  manner  possible,  under  a  full 
head  of  steam,  with  a  velocity  of  about  two  miles  per  minute,  and 
were  not  able  to  pull  up  until  they  had  reached  the  next  landing,  a 
few  miles  below  town. 

I  have  before  mentioned  that  there  were  very  many  hard  char- 
acters who  came  into  the  mines  at  this  season.  Among  them  were 
the  famous  and  notorious  Pike  County  Missourians.  many  of  whom, 
however,  were  men  of  good  character.  A  greater  portion  of  them 
it  is  true,  were  just  the  reverse,  a  reputation  which  they  enjoyed  for 
many  years  ;  so  that  to  charge  a  man  with  being  from  Pike  County 
was  an  insult  to  be  resented.  Many  of  this  class  engaged  in  mining 
if  they  could  l)y  any  means  get  possession  of  a  good-paying  claim 
without  the  necessity  of  hunting  for  it.  The  consequence  was  that 
a  goodly  number  of  them  were  occasionally  irjured  through  their 
taking  possession  of  claims  which  they  had  no  right  to,  and  miners' 
meetings  were  frequently  called  to  drive  these  claim  jumpers  from 
misappropriated  grounc'. 

Two  young  men  discovered  a  rich  lead  upon  a  low  divide  near 
the  head  of  Big  Canon,  a  few  miles  froni  town,  and  upon  going  out 
to  work  one  morning  they  found  that  four  of  these  claim  jumpers 
had  taken  possession  of  their  ground  and  had  removed  their  stakes, 
placing  their  own  instead.  The  young  men  called  a  miners'  meet- 
ing, and  the  day  following  aI)out  fifty  miners  answered  the  call,  and 
organized  by  electing  a  chairman.  After  due  investigation  it  was 
decided  that  these  young  men  owned  the  ground  in  dispute,  and 
that  the  jumpers  must  pull  up  their  stakes  and  vacate.  The  jump- 
ers, however,  made  no  defense,  remarking  only  after  the  decision 
was  renaered  against  them,  that  they  would  like  to  see  the  man  who 
would  pull  up  their  stakes,  at  the  same  time  drawing  their  weapons. 
There  was  a  young  man  present  as  a  spectator  who  had  not  taken 
any  part  in  the  meeting,  although  interested  in  the  j)roceedings. 
This  young  man  drew  his  gun,  and  stepping  out  from  the  crowd  said 
to  the  jumpers  : 

"  You  would  like  to  see  the  man  who  will  pull  up  your  stakes? 
Well,  you  can,"  at  the  same  time  pulling  them  up  and  throwing  them 
to  one  side,  and  placing  the  young  men  in  possession  of  their 
claim. 


THE  AKGOA'AUTS   OF   CALIFORXI .1. 


This  young  man  was  Dave  Biiell,  who  was  afterwards  elected  as 
the  County  Sheriff. 

The  Autumn  rains  commenced  about  the  first  of  November, 
raining,  however,  but  slightly  duri.ig  the  fall  and  winter  of  '50  and 
'51,  and  being  the  most  remarkal)le  winter  ever  experienced  either 
before  or  after,  in  that  section.  The  only  rain  of  any  consequence 
fell  in   the  month  of    April  following.     Mineis,  who  had  thrown  up 


A    MINRR  S    IMKKTING. 

piles  of  dirt,  were  badly  disappointed  in  not  being  able  to  wash  it, 
and  gold  mining  was  voted  a  fraud.  Nothing  occurred  during  the 
winter  to  break  the  monotony  of  events,  and  Hangtown  and  vicinity 
were  again  nearly  deserted.  News  from  the  North  and  South  of  the 
discovery  of  rich  river  mining,  as  well  as  new  placer  mining,  con- 
tinued to  be  received,  showing  that  the  mining  region  was  gradually 
being  extended  to  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the  State,  although  but 
a  few  miles  in  breadth.  One  other  fact,  also,  was  being  well  dem- 
onstrated, and  that  was  that  although  millions  of  dollars  were  being 
washed  from  the  river  bars  and  dry  diggings  in  the  mining  regions, 


122  THE  AKGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

yet  the  greater  portion  of  it,  through  regular  as  well  as  irregular 
business  channels,  was  being  concentrated  in  the  hands  of  the 
business  men  in  San  Francisco  ;  the  miners,  as  a  class,  retaining  but 
a  small  proportion  of  their  earnings,  and  in  many  cases  barely  sufifi- 
cient  to  sustain  life. 

The  gambling  fraternity  became  now  in  the  fall  and  winter  of 
'50  more  numerous,  and  were  in  full  blast  in  our  heretofore  rather 
quiet  and  orderly  town. 

Fighting  was  a  pastime,  and  shooting,  upon  the  slightest  provo- 
cation, was  one  of  the  chief  amusements. 

The  miners  lost  large  amounts  of  gold  dust  at  the  gambling  tables, 
and  in  the  endeavor  to  get  even  still  continued  to  lose.  The  noted 
thimble-rigger,  "  Lucky  Bill,"  and  the  three-card  monte  sharpers  of 
St.  Louis  were  on  the  top  round  of  glory,  robbing  the  honest  miners 
who  from  curiosity  put  up  their  money  to  know  how  the  thing  was 
done,  and  they  always  found  out. 

This  man,  "Lucky  Bill,"  alias  Wm.  Thornton,  was  a  gambler 
by  profession,  born  and  raised  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  Although  a 
man  of  very  bad  character,  yet  there  is  placed  to  his  credit  on  the 
great  register  certain  acts  of  a  charitable  nature  that  could  hardly 
be  expected  from  such  an  individual.  He  was  always  ready  to 
assist  the  needy,  and  when  money  was  required  for  the  unfortunate 
had  been  known  to  contribute  hundreds  of  dollars  at  a  single 
time.  He  was  hung  by  a  vigilance  committee  in  Carson  Valley  a 
few  years  later  for  being  implicated  in  a  murder  and  cattle  stealing 
scrape. 

In  his  address  to  the  spectators  around  the  place  of  his  execu- 
tion, he  stated  that  he  could  blame  no  one  for  the  course  they  had 
taken  in  condemning  him  to  suffer  death,  for  he  well  knew  that  he 
really  deserved  it,  but,  continued  he  : 

"  How  could  anything  else  be  expected  of  a  man  who  was  raised 
and  brought  up  by  his  parents  among  the  criminal  class  found  in 
the  slums  and  back  alleys  of  all  large  cities,  or  more  particularly  in 
St.  Louis,  where  I  was  born.  If  I  had  been  raised  in  a  different 
manner  I  should,  no  doubt,  have  been  a  far  better  man." 

In  conclusion,  he  advised  his  son,  who  was  present,  to  avoid  bad 
company,  to  keep  away  from  saloons,  and  to  live  an  honest  and 
industrious  life. 

His  address  illustrates  very  aptly  the  force  of  habits  acquired  by 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  123 

association  in  early  life,  as  well  as  such  inherited  conditions  which 
are  natural  to  the  individual ;  they  form  a  part  of  him,  and,  under 
ordinary  circumstances,  cannot  be  avoided  or  overcome. 

Sunday  was  a  general  holiday  for  the  miners,  and  early  ui)on  this 
day  they  could  be  seen,  dressed  in  store  clothes,  when  fortunate 
enough  to  have  any,  coming  from  the  various  gulches  and  ravines 
towards  the  town  to  see  the  sights  and  amusements  to  be  found  in 
the  saloons  and  in  the  street. 

The  amusements  upon  the  street  consisted  principally  of  horse 
racing,  running,  jumping,  wrestling,  an  occasional  fight,  as  well  as 
shooting  at  targets  with  rifle  and  pistol.  One  of  the  best  shots  with 
the  rifle  was  a  descendant  of  Daniel  Boone,  of  Kentucky,  who  was 
remarkably  expert.  Kit  Carson,  who  also  had  recently  arrived, 
would  display  his  dexterity  with  the  pistol  in  shooting  through  the 
hub  of  a  wagon  wheel  as  it  was  being  rolled  across  the  street,  a 
piece  of  paper  having  been  pasted  over  the  hub  previously.  Gam- 
bling was,  of  course,  indulged  in  to  a  great  extent  by  many  miners, 
some  of  them  losing  the  result  of  their  whole  week's  work,  in  some 
cases  amounting  to  hundreds  of  dollars.  The  man  who  dealt  the 
three-card  French  monte  game  was  a  great  attraction,  for  his  simple 
game  looked  or  seemed  "  so  innocent  and  aisy  to  bate,  does  yez  see 
now,"  said  an  Irish  miner  ;  but  this  was  only  apparent,  as  all  those 
who  attempted  to  beat  the  game  became  convinced,  for  it  was  soon 
found  that  the  game  was  a  regular  swindling  operation,  being  after- 
wards al)olished  entirely  by  the  miners,  and  the  dealer  driven  from 
town. 

A  miner  on  Sunday,  for  amusement  bet  on  a  certain  card, 
throwing  down  his  purse  of  gold,  which  contained  about  $800. 
Singularly  enough  he  won  ;  the  dealer,  however,  discoverii'ig  the 
mistake  he  had  made,  attempted  to  change  the  card.  Failing  to  do 
so  without  detection,  he  flatly  refused  to  jwy  the  bet,  A  short  con- 
sultation among  the  miners  decided  as  to  how  he  should  be  served. 
A  rope  was  thrown  around  his  neck,  and  fifteen  minutes  allowed 
him  in  which  to  "  pungle  down  the  dust."  He  called  upon  his 
brother  gamblers  to  come  to  his  assistance,  which  they  w^ere  in- 
clined to  do,  but  they  were  very  politely  informed  by  the  miners, 
that  after  settling  with  the  monte  dealer,  it  was  the  intention  to 
hang  a  few  of  them  also,  if  they  did  not  leave  town  within  two  hours. 
The  monte  dealer  concluded  that  he  had  struck  a  hard  crowd,  paid 


124  TH^  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

the  bet  and  vanished.     A  few  of  the  other  gamblers  departed  also^ 
but  returned  again,  however,  in  a  few  days. 

It  is  proper  and  but  just  that  I  should  mention  here  the  vast 
improvement  in  the  make-up  and  general  appearance  of  the  great 
majority  of  the  mining  class  since  the  arrival  of  the  fall  emigration 
of  '50.  Sunday  would  find  them  dressed  in  their  *'  biled  shirts  " 
and  "  store  clothes,"  with  hair  and  whiskers  well  trimmed  and  faces 
shaved,  and  occasionally  a  stove-pipe  hat  would  make  its  appear- 
ance. The  appearance  of  the  tile  was  seldom  repeated,  however, 
for  the  trouble  of  forcing  it  up  over  the  face  again  where  it  had  been 
jammed  down  by  some  vile  scoundrel.  ''  just  for  fun  you  know," 
and  of  again  putting  it  into  proper  shape,  took  away  all  pleasure  in 
wearing  it.  The  fact  is,  the  miners  who  had  been  living  for  the  past 
year  away  from  those  conditions  which  civilized  society  creates,  had 
not  as  yet  arrived  at  that  point  again,  or  to  that  advanced  condition 
where  the  style  of  a  plug  hat  would  be  appreciated;  consequently, 
the  man  who  was  ignorant  of  this  fact,  and  had  the  audacity  to 
appear  in  the  streets  with  such  an  absurd  head  gear,  had  to  suffer 
the  consequences. 

It  may  at  this  point  in  the  history  of  mining  be  of  some  interest 
to  know  the  financial  condition  of  those  who  had  been  engaged  in 
the  business  for  the  past  year.  As  before  stated,  many  returned  to 
their  Eastern  homes  in  the  spring,  a  few  of  them  with  a  considerable 
amount  of  gold  dust,  and  some  having  as  much  as  ^10,000  and  even 
$15,000,  but  in  very  many  cases  with  barely  sufficient  to  pay  their 
way.  A  few,  again,  who  had  succeeded  in  securing  a  fair  amount, 
would  engage  in  business  in  some  one  of  the  mining  camps,  or  in 
Sacramento  City  or  San  Francisco,  whilst  others  would  buy  land  in 
some  portion  of  the  State  and  engage  in  the  stock  business.  Rut 
those  miners  who  remained  in  this  portion  of  the  mining  region 
were,  as  a  general  rule,  those  who  had  not  acquired  a  sufificient 
amount  to  satisfy  them,  and  therefore  determined  to  remain  until 
they  did.  Others  again,  desired  very  much  to  return  to  their  fami- 
lies, but  not  having  the  means  were  compelled  to  remain. 

There  were  a  few  persons  here  who  had  accumulated  a  large 
amount  of  dust,  and  one  man  by  the  name  of  Harper,  who  never 
was  known  to  wear  a  hat,  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  is  said  to  have 
accumulated  about  ^75,000.  Another  one  from  Australia,  but  an 
Irishman  by  birth,  who  arrived  in  the  mines  early  in  the  spring  of 


THE  AKGOSAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


125 


ONI 


^Y    TWO    DAYS    IN    THE    MINES. 


126  THE  ARGONAUTS    OF   CALIFORNIA. 

'49,  is  said  to  have  been  a  very  lucky  miner,  as  the  saying  goes, 
and  had  about  §60,000  Nvhich  he  had  put  into  empty  oyster  cans  and 
hidden  around  in  various  places,  to  which  fact  hangs  a  tale. 

Several  instances  had  occurred  where  persons  had  come  into  the 
mines  and  by  a  streak  of  good  fortune  been  successful,  or  in  other 
words  had  "  struck  it  rich,"  and  returned  home  again  in  a  very  short 
time.  Among  this  number  of  very  lucky  ones,  were  two  young  men 
who  had  just  arrived  from  their  homes  in  the  East,  On  the  second 
day  of  their  arrival  in  Hangtown,  they  were  directed  by  an  aquaint- 
ance  to  the  big  cafion  a  short  distance  north  of  town  as  being  a 
good  place  to  commence  their  operations,  they  dug  a  ditch  down 
the  side  hill  from  the  main  ditch,  in  order  to  run  the  water  into  their 
sluices;  and  while  at  work  a  tin  can  was  found  in  their  sluices, 
which  had  beeii  washed  out  from  the  loose  soil  above  near  the  roots 
of  an  old  oak  tree,  and  had  by  the  force  of  the  water  rolled  down 
into  the  sluice.  Upon  examination,  they  found  it  full  of  gold  dust 
and  their  work  was  done  in  California.  They  had  found  what  they 
had  come  for,  and  the  next  morning  were  aboard  the  stage  bound 
for  San  Francisco,  with  $15,000  worth  of  gold  dust  to  divide  between 
them.  Australian  Mike  lived  very  near  the  spot,  and  the  next  day 
discovered  his  loss.  An  officer  in  pursuit  of  the  young  chaps  arrived 
in  San  Francisco  about  two  hours  only,  which  however  was  enough, 
after  the  steamer  had  left  the  wharf  for  Panama,  on  which  they  had 
taken  passage.  Old  Mike  did'nt  seem  to  care  much  for  the  loss,' 
and  all  he  said  was  :  "  Be  jabers,  thin,  I  hev  a  plinty  more  handy, 
do  ye  moind  ?  " 

People  at  the  East  often  asked  the  question,  and  wondered  why 
it  was  that  so  many  returned  again  to  their  homes  without  having 
succeeded  in  making  but  very  httle  in  the  gold  mines,  while  others 
returned  with  fortunes.  This  seemed  strange,  and  was  often  attrib- 
uted to  bad  habits,  intemperance  or  laziness,  which,  of  course,  was 
true  in  many  cases  but  not  in  all,  by  any  means.  It  is  very  true  that 
the  industrious  man  who  worked  early  and  late  would,  from  the 
nature  of  things,  be  more  successful  than  those  who  did  the  reverse 
or  worked  but  seldom;  and  although  this  rule  will  apply  to  all 
human  affa:rs  in  general,  yet  the  mining  industry  in  early  tlays  was, 
to  some  extent,  at  least,  an  exception  to  the  accepted  rule,  for, 
as  observation  shows  us,  it  was  not  the  hardest-working  man,  or  the 
most  industrious,  who  succeeded  best  in  striking  the  richest  placers, 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


127 


128  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

but  in  very  many  instances  foriunc  favored  those  who  did  the  least 
work.  In  the  ordinary  affairs  of  life  those  only  will  prosper  or  suc- 
ceed in  the  business  in  which  they  are  engaged,  who  are  well  quali- 
fied, and  who  possess  the  qualities  and  habits  necessary  for  its  suc- 
cess— that  is  to  say,  possessing  a  reasonable  amount  of  intelligence, 
economy,  industry,  and  proper  caution;  but  in  mining,  these  quali- 
ties are,  so  far  as  the  finding  and  extraction  of  the  gold  is  concerned, 
of  very  little  value,  as  was  often  illustrated  in  early  mining  days. 

1  do  not  include,  however,  in  this  class  those  who  were  too  lazy 
to  make  an  effort  to  find  a  paying  mine,  for  the  country  was  full  of 
this  class  of  men,  and  they  could  be  seen  tramping  about  among  the 
numerous  hills  and  gulches  with  their  tools,  hunting  for  some  pleas- 
ant spot  to  work,  and  they  would  generally  find  it  under  the  shade 
of  a  tree.  It  was  this  class  of  men  who  depended  upon  their  more 
industrious  friends  for  a  living,  and  who  were  always  ready  to  mam- 
tain  that  mining  in  early  days  was  a  mere  question  of  luck. 

^'ery  often  the  most  ignorant,  idle  and  shiftless  lout,  would 
stumble  by  accident  upon  a  very  rich  gold  deposit.  The  colored 
individual,  and  the  sailor  too,  who  had  run  away  from  his  shiji,  as 
well  as  many  others  of  like  ilk,  had  just  as  good  an  opportunity, 
and  were  as  competent  to  find  a  valuable  gold  deposit,  as  the  most 
highly  educated  college  student  or  scientific  geologist.  In  mining, 
but  little  judgment  was  required,  and  a  little  experience,  which  was 
soon  acquired,  brought  all  upon  an  equal  footing.  If  gold  had  been 
scattered  equally  and  uniformly  throughout  the  land,  then  only 
those  would  be  the  most  successful  who  were  the  most  industrious; 
but  this  was  not  the  case,  however,  for  'twas  scattered  all  over  only 
in  spots,  and  it  v/as  the  dropping  upon  these  spots  by  accident  that 
determined  the  success  of  the  individual.  It  was  often  the  case 
that  persons  were  ha^'d  at  work  realizing  daily  but  a  few  dollars, 
whilst  a  few  feet  away  others  were  making  perhaps  hundreds  of 
dollars  per  diem,  and  many  again  who  to  my  knowledge  were  quite 
industrious  barely  made  a  living.  That  a  few  made  large  sums, 
whilst  others  again  made  but  little,  must  therefore  be  attributed  to 
their  good  fortune,  or  to  their  having,  from  chance  conditions, 
located  their  claim  and  worked  upon  the  right  spot.  In  my  opinion 
no  other  explanation  can  be  given,  or  why  a  few  were  enabled  to 
make  large  sums  while  others,  equally  industrious,  realized  but 
little. 


THE  ARGO.\'AUTS   01-'   L  A  LI  FORM  A. 


129 


I30  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

For  instance  a  sailor,  wlio  had  just  arrived  from  San  Fraicisco, 
having  deserted  from  his  ship,  strolled  along  up  the  creek  one  day 
where  two  miners  were  hard  at  work,  and  he  stood  silently  watching 
them  for  a  few  minutes.  Then  transferring  his  cud  of  tobacco 
across  from  pt)rt  to  starl)oard,  he  remarked,  in  a  coarse  salt-water, 
tone  of  voice: 

"  Well  shipmates,  what's  the  show  for  a  fellow  here,  anyhow  ?" 

They  pointed  out  a  vacant  spot  of  ground  a  short  distance  above 
(near  what  is  now  called  Cedar  Ravine)  and  borrowing  the  neces- 
sary tools,  Jack  was  soon  at  hard  work. 

Towards  evening  he  returned  again,  and  said  that  he  didn't 
know  anytning  about  the  blasted  bed  rock,  gold,  or  anything  else, 
and  wanted  the  shipmates  to  go  and  take  a  look  at  the  blasted 
thing.  They  went  to  his  claim  and  found  it  about  five  feet  long 
and  about  three  feet  in  width  and  four  feet  in  depth.  Near  the 
center  it  was  about  six  inches  deeper,  and  in  this  depression, 
which  was  very  rich,  they  washed  out  with  their  cradles  for  Jack  in 
two  hours  about  83,500.  He  was  only  two  days  in  the  mines,  for 
of  course  he  returned  to  San  Francisco  immediately  to  enjoy  him- 
self. 

Quite  a  number  of  similar  instances  might  be  given  in  elucida- 
tion of  the  fact  as  I  have  explained  it,  and  if  you  wish  for  good 
luck  in  mining,  always  put  in  your  time  right  where  gold  is,  and 
nowhere  else. 

Another  instance  in  illustration  of  the  fact  that  Dame  Fortune 
is  impartial  in  the  distribution  of  her  favors  was  that  of  Portuguese 
Joe,  a  sailor  who  came  up  into  the  mines  from  San  Fr,..ncisco  early 
in  the  spring  of  '50.  After  working  around  for  a  few  weeks  in 
various  localities  with  but  poor  success,  he  concluded  to  do  a  little 
prospecting  in  some  less  frequented  locality.  Purchasing  a  diminu- 
tive donkey,  he  packed  the  animal  with  all  necessary  tools  and  sup- 
plies and  wandered  forth.  It  was  not  long,  however,  before  he 
returned  to  purchase  further  supplies,  and  it  was  surmised  from  the 
size  and  weight  of  his  sack  that  he  had  struck  it  rich.  But  where  ? 
Not  a  word  could  be  gotten  from  him,  however.  He  was  followed 
a  number  of  times,  but,  suspecting  it,  would  go  miles  out  of  his  way 
upon  his  return  to  deceive  them.  Ikit  Yankee  ingenuity  could  not 
be  foiled  by  a  Portuguese  sailor;  and  one  dark  night,  when  he 
had  started  to  his  camp  upon  the  donkey,  two   old  miners  followed 


THE  ARGONAUTS   01-    CA /J /■■()/,'. \T4. 


131 


his  trail.  'V\\c  donkey  and  its  rider  suspected  this,  and  conse- 
quently traveled  nearly  all  niij^ht  around  among  the  hills,  thrcmch 
rocky  ravines  and  dark  canons,  but  only   to  find  to  their  ^reat  as- 


ON    HIS    TRAIU 


tonishment,  when,  as  they  slid  down  the  side  of  a  steep  hill  near  the 
dawn  of  day  and  landed  upon  a  small  bar  upon  the  South  B'ork  of 
the  American  River,  that  closely  following  them  and  sliding  down 
the  deep  descent  in  their  rear,  were  the  two  old  miners. 


132  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Well,  Joe  wcs  a  gooti-natured  fellow,  and  was  rather  glad  of 
their  company,  for  the  bar  was  very  rich  antl  large  enough  for  all. 
They  found,  on  investigation,  upon  the  richest  part  of  the  bar  the 
sand  and  gravel  was  only  from  six  inches  to  a  foot  m  depth,  and  that 
the  gold  was  coarse  and  easily  found  in  the  crevices  of  the  slate 
bed  rock,  and  from  this  time  forward  it  was  called  "Portuguese 
Joe's  Bar."  How  much  this  Portuguese  sailor  took  from  his  bar 
was  never  exactly  known,  although  it  was  estimated  to  be  about 
^60,000  ;  nor  of  his  ultimate  end,  for,  alas,  his  was  a  sad  ending, 
and  of  the  incidents,  being  an  eye-witness,  I  have  at  this  late  day  a 
very  vivid  recollection. 

During  one  of  his  frequent  visits  into  Hangtown,  astride  of  his 
diminutive  donkey  with  his  feet  dangling  upon  the  ground,  for  he 
was  a  very  tall  man,  upon  passing  along  through  the  noisy  street, 
for  it  was  Sunday,  the  affectionate  animal,  either  from  accident 
or  fun,  very  suddenly  elevated  that  portion  of  his  anatomy  abaft 
the  saddle,  and  the  rider  was  thrown  forward  upon  the  cold  ground. 
Assisting  him  again  to  his  feet,  a  bystander,  in  a  very  careless 
although  innocent  manner  without  the  least  design  to  injure  or  tie- 
sire  to  harm  anyone,  remarked  that  Joe  reminded  him  very  much  of 
Caesar,  since  both  had  been  placed  under  similar  circumstances. 
Upon  being  asked  why.  in  the  hearing  of  Joe,  he  answered  that  they 
both  fell  by  a  brute  ass  (Brutus).  J(;e  gazed  sadly  upon  the 
thoughtless  miscreant  to  see  if  he  was  in  dead  earnest  or  only  in- 
tended it  as  a  joke,  and  being  satisfied  that  it  was  no  joke,  he  strode 
sadly  astride  of  his  beast  which  he  sat  down  upon,  turned  his  head 
toward  the  setting  sun  and  departed  never  to  return  again. 

This  vile  attempt  to  destroy  the  peace  and  happiness  of  a  fellow- 
being  in  the  eyes  of  the  miners  was  equivalent  to  manslaughter,  and 
a  jury  being  immediately  formed  the  culprit  was  arraigned  before 
the  bar  (in  the  nearest  saloon),  received  his  sentence,  the  fi;ie  l)eing 
very  heavy,  as  the  jury  was  numerous  and  very  dry. 

liut  what  became  of  Portuguese  Joe  was  never  known.  It  is 
said  that  awa}'  off  in  Europe,  amidst  the  dense  forest  in  the  (lerman 
Empire  was  occasionally  seen  by  the  superstitious  peasants  the 
phantom  of  a  donkey,  and  riding  on  his  back  a  tall,  dark  and  sad- 
eyed  rider,  going  in  the  direction  of  Rome  ;  and  they  positively 
assert  that  after  he  had  ]")assed  they  could  distinctly  hear  the  gentle 
breeze,  as  it  moved  slightly  amongthe  trees,  sadly  murmur,  Oh,  Caesar! 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  133 

Oh,  Cresar  !  This  in  all  probability  was  I'orlugiiese  loc  from  Hang- 
town,  I^klorack;  County,  California,  who,  not  having  previously 
heard  of  (';esar's  accident,  was  doubtless  on  his  way  to  see  if  the 
latter  was  much  hurt  Dy  his  fall. 

The  location  of  the  right  spot  to  dig  is  the  great  problem  to  solve 
in  mining,  and  many  devices  were  adopted  for 'the  purpose,  among 
them  being  the  divining-rod,  frequently  used  by  our  assoc  ates  from 
the  Faderlaiid.  One  (ierman  had  established  an  office,  and  in  his 
prospectus  agreed  to  furnish,  for  a  consideration,  the  exact  location 
where  gold  deposits  cou'd  be  found  ;  but  upon  trial,  to  his  vexation 
and  astonishment,  found  that  it  was  useless.  A  newcomer  engaged 
his  services,  and  the  spot  was  located  near  the  banks  of  a  ravine 
near  by.  The  bed  rock  was  slate  and  very  hard,  but  the  German 
fakir  stated  that  down  under  the  rock  was  a  great  dejiosit  of  gold, 
and  he  only  charged  the  verdant  youth  the  sum  of  !^25  for  the  val- 
uable information  After  spending  much  time  and  money,  as  well 
as  a  great  deal  of  hard  work,  in  penetrating  the  slate  bed  to  the  dis- 
tance of  about  thirty  feet,  the  project  was  abandoned,  and  the 
German,  with  his  rod  of  divination,  also  abandoned  the  mines  in  dis- 
gust. These  fabulous  instruments,  usually  made  of  sticks  cut  from 
a  witch-hazel  bush  in  our  own  country,  in  Germany  are  made  of 
whalebone,  and  to  one  which  I  saw  was  fastened  a  small  vial  con- 
taining quicksilver,  in  which  was  found  a  piece  of  paper  upon  which 
was  written  in  some  foreign  language  certain  mythical  words  and 
.signs,  evidently  from  the  Bible,  meaning,  I  suppose,  "  excavate  and 
ye  shall  find,"  or  an  extract  from  Job,  "  Watch  the  pot  and  it  will 
never  bile,"  or  something  similar. 


CHAPTER  X. 


Where  the  Rich  Placers  Were  Found — Miners'  Superstition — 
The  Blue  Clay  Deposit — (ioLD  Machines. 

I 'I'  might  be  of  some  interest  to  those  who  engage  in  mining,  as 
well  as  for  others,  to  know  where  were  found  the  richest  gold 
deposits  by  the  first  miners,  or,  rather,  what  were  considered  as  the 
richest  ravines  or  canons,  in  the  central  portion  of  the  mining 
regions  or  dry  diggings,  as  they  were  called.  Previous  to  the  arri- 
val of  the  emigration  of  '49,  those  who  happened  to  be  in  the  coun- 
try, as  well  as  the  Mormon  element  which  rushed  into  the  mines 
from  Salt  Lake  upon  hearing  of  the  gold  discovery,  and  those  also 
who  came  from  Oregon,  made  their  way  immediately  to  the  vicinity 
of  Coloma,  where  gold  was  first  discovered.  But  little  placer  min- 
ing was  found  in  this  vicinity,  and  the  gold  seekers  wandered  off  in 
various  directions.  In  the  vicinity  of  (Georgetown  and  Kelsey,  rich 
mines  among  the  hills  and  ravines  were  found,  the  dry  diggings 
around  Hangtown  being  discoverd  about  March  i  by  parties  from 
Oregon.  The  first  discovery  was  made  in  Hangtown  Creek,  near 
the  mouth  of  Cedar  Ravine,  the  latter  being  the  first  ravine  worked, 
and  found  to  be  very  rich,  yielding  upwards  of  $1,000,000.  The 
next  discovery  was  in  Bedford  Avenue,  at  that  time  called  "  Log 
Cabin  Ravine,"  and  a  large  amount  of  gold  was  taken  from  it  by 
the  two  Winslow  brothers,  who  first  discovered  it,  and  also  by  a 
Mr.  Rider  who  took  home  with  him  about  i5>25,ooo.  l*"rom  this 
ravine  had  been  taken  altogether,  as  near  as  can  be  determined, 
about  ^250,000.  The  richest  portion  of  the  creek  was  from  a  point 
below  the  mouth  of  Cedar  Ravine  down  to  a  point  near  the  found- 
ry. Below  this  again  but  very  little  gold  was  found.  In  ascend- 
ing the  creek,  good  wages  were  made  above  Cedar  Ravine,  and  a 
few  very  good  deposits  were  found  nearly  up  to  the  store  of  Dr. 
Price.  From  that  point  up,  but  little  gold  was  ever  found,  although 
a  few  spots  paid  fair  wages.     The  creek  was  worked  in   '49  and  up 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  135 

to  the  autumn  of  '51  by  the  usual  i')i\)cess  of  sinking  of  holes  and 
cradling  the  gravel  uj^on  the  bed  rock.  Spots  in  the  creek,  especi- 
ally in  the  rear  of  the  court  house,  were  found  to  be  very  rich,  and 
a  piece  of  ground  in  the  rear  of  Adam's  Hotel  (afterwards  the 
Mount  Joy  Hotel)  was  worked  in  '49  and  up  to  the  spring  of  '50  by 
Fish  PJrothers  and  Co.,  from  which  they  realized,  as  they  stated, 
about  $20,000. 

Just  below  Adams'  Hotel  was  a  round  tent  used  as  a  saloon  and 
gambling  house  by  Tom  Ashton,in  the  winter  of  '49.  Immediately 
in  the  rear  of  this  tent,  a  man  by  the  name  of  Wiley,  in  the  spring  of 
'50,  from  one  pan  of  white  clay  washed  out  the  sum  of  ^1,400.  .\  sin- 
gular fact  noticed  and  commented  upon  in  '49  was,  that  from  about 
this  point  in  the  creek  down,  but  very  little  gold  was  ever  found. 
The  cause  of  this  was  not  discovered  until  near  the  spring  of  '50, 
when  it  was  found  that  the  original  creek  which  deposited  the  gold 
made  a  turn  at  this  point,  running  down  under  the  buildings  and 
crossing  the  street  about  opposite  the  grocery  store  belonging  to 
A.  W.  Bee,  continued  down  through  town  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  street,  being  confined  in  its  course  to  a  narrow  channel  until 
reaching  nearly  to  the  Cary  House.  From  this  point,  no  regular 
channel  was  ever  found  ;  but  the  gold  was  found  scattered  over  the 
flats  below.  This  flat  was  worked  principally  during  '49  and  the 
summer  of  '50.  The  old  channel  running  through  and  under  the 
town  has  all  been  worked  with  pan  and  cradle,  and  found  to  be 
very  rich  in  places  ;  and  would  pay  well  with  sluices,  but  not  in  my 
opinion  half  as  well  as  many  imagine,  for  there  is  no  gold  to  speak 
of  in  the  main  street,  except  perhaps  a  very  narrow  spot  on  the 
Plaza,  where  the  old  creek  crossed. 

The  amount  of  gold  extracted  from  the  creek  altogether, 
including  the  flat  below,  as  near  as  I  was  able  to  judge,  was  about 
$800,000.  It  was  generally  known  how  much  miners  were  realizing 
from  their  claims,  yet  there  were  certain  ones  who  kept  it  a  secret, 
these  generally  being  those  who  had  the  richest  mines.  Emigrant 
Ravine  paid  fair  wages  nearly  up  to  the  head  of  it,  and  a  few 
smaller  ravines  emptying  into  it,  also  paid  well.  Going  north  from 
town  across  the  Big  Gallon  to  Poverty  I'oint  and  its  vicinity,  many 
rich  ravines  were  found  ;  but  the  richest  gold  deposit  was  reserved 
for  the  miners  of  '50.  This  was  the  celebrated  Red  Hill,  of  decom- 
posed   quartz  deposit  lead,  found  upon  the  apex  of  a  slate  ledge 


136  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CA  LI  FORM  A. 

crossing  three  tlifferent  ravines,  and  running  down  towards  the  llig 
Cafion  This  lead  was  about  an  eight  of  a  mile  in  length,  and  in 
some  places  only  about  three  inches  in  width  ;  yet  over  ^250,000 
was  taken  from  it.  The  very  richest  ravine  that  was  discovered  up 
to  this  time,  tiie  si)ring  of  '51,  around  Hangtovvn,  was  the  Oregon 
Ravine.  This  ravine  was  first  discovered  by  two  men  from  Oregon 
named  Yocum.  They  first  worketl  a  narrow  strip  up  through  the 
ravine  about  three  feet  in  width,  and  were  at  work  at  the  time  of 
our  arrival  in  Hangtown,  about  the  ist  of  October.  We  had  con- 
sequentlv  an  opportunity  of  forming  some  idea  of  its  richness. 
Their  meLhod  of  working  was  of  the  most  primitive  kind.  One 
would  with  pick  and  shovel  remove  the  dirt  from  the  surface  to  near 
the  bed  rock,  which  was  about  three  feet  in  depth,  and  the  other, 
with  an  old  knife  or  a  sharp  stick  in  one  hand,  would  stir  up  the 
dirt,  and  as  the  bright  pieces  of  gold  showed  themselves,  would  pick 
them  up  and  drop  them  into  a  tin  cup,  which  he  constantly  carried 
in  the  other  hand. 

■|'his  was  their  slow  method  of  working,  and  although  they  real- 
ized a  fortune  by  this  process,  they  did  not  glean  as  much  as  they 
should  have  done.  How  much  these  two  men  realized  was  never 
known,  for  they  were  very  cautious  ;  but  it  was  supposed  that  they 
took  home  with   tliem  about  $100,000  each. 

Old  man  Harper,  who  also  worked  in  this  ravine,  was  said  to 
have  made  out  $60,000;  several  others  also,  have  made  large  profits 
here.     They  all  left  for  home  in  the  fall  of  '49. 

Soon  after  my  arrival,  there  were  at  least  200  men  at  work  in 
this  ravine,  and  all  doing  well,  fcjr  the  ravine  was  wide  and  paid 
richly  from  bank  to  l)ank.  Dr.  Ober  was  very  successful,  and  as  he 
passed  along  down  at  night  among  the  miners  who  were  at  work 
below  him,  with  a  smiling  countenance  showed  his  tin  cup  in  which 
he  carried  his  gold.  I  found  that  about  $150  was  his  average  day's 
work.  In  my  opinion,  Oregon  Ravine  yielded  at  least  $1,000,000  if 
not  more,  and  considering  its  size  was  the  richest  one  in  this  por- 
tion of  the  country. 

In  Spanish  Ravine  also  was  found  a  rich  lead  which  continued 
up  for  a  short  distance  from  its  mouth,  and  which  was  worked  out 
in  the  summer  of  '49.  As  we  go  to  the  east  a  few  very  rich  spots 
were  round  near  Smith's  Flat,  one  small  ravine  in  particular  near 
the  Emigrant  Road,  and  only  thirty  yards  in   length,  yielded  about 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CAIJFOKX/A.  137 

Ca3,ooo.  At  tlie  small  town  of  Newtown,  which  was  located  about 
six  miles  nearly  due  east  of  Placerville,  and  upon  the  eastern  edge 
of  the  gold-bearing  district,  from  a  small  ravine,  during  the  winter 
of  '49,  was  taken  by  a  company  of  four  men  liic  sum  of  $64,000. 

Weaver  Creek  upon  the  south  was  also  very  ricli  in  many  places, 
all  included,  however,  in  a  distance  of  about  four  miles.  Many 
small  ravines  emptying  into  it  were  also  found  to  be  very  rich.  Of 
the  many  cafions  in  the  County  of  Eldorado,  which  were  prospected 
and  worked  in  the  winter  of  '49-'5o,  there  was  but  one  which  w-as 
noted  for  its  mineral  wealth.  This  was  (jeorgetown  Canon,  from 
which  it  was  estimated  that  fully  ^2,000,000  were  taken  up  to  the 
spring  of  '53.  Whether  this  is  a  correct  estimate  or  not  I  cannot 
say,  although  this  was  the  estimate  of  a  miner  who  worked  there 
for  about  two  years,  and  returned  to  the  East  in  the  autumn  of  '52 
with  about  $20,000  as  his  portion  of  it. 

There  were  also  numerous  small  ravines  emptying  into  all  of 
these  larger  ones  and  the  cafion  which  contributed  their  quota  to 
the  general  fund,  besides  numerous  flats,  slides  and  benches,  which 
however,  were  worked  at  a  later  day.  The  IJig  Canon,  two  miles 
north  (.f  town,  was  in  some  portions  of  it  very  rich,  and  a  few 
places  were  worked  in  '49  ;  but  the  greater  portion,  or  rather  the 
richer  portion  of  it,  near  the  head,  was  worked  with  toms,  in 
the  spring  and  winter  of  '5o-'5i.  The  canons  lying  at  the  east  of 
this  were  not  very  rich,  although  one  portion  of  White  Rock  Canon 
worked  in  the  winter  of  '49-'5o  by  O'Brien,  Grayson,  Stuart  and 
Dayton,  was  very  rich.  The  South  Fork  of  the  American  River, 
as  well  as  the  numerous  bars  upon  it,  was  not  ncjted  for  its  paying 
qualities,  although  some  few  rich  deposits  were  found.  Upon 
Kanaka  Bar  a  rich  lead  was  discovered,  which  yielded  many  thous- 
ands. One  beautiful  nugget  was  found  upon  this  bar  which  was 
valued  at  $1,010;  but  by  far  the  richest  bar  upon  the  whole  river 
was  that  belonging  to  Portuguese  Joe,  from  which  he  realized  a 
fortune. 

As  we  advance  to  the  north  we  find  that  a  few  rich  places  were 
discovered  around  Coloma,  at  Kelsey's,  Spanish  Flat,  Greenwood 
Camp,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Georgetown. 

Early  in  '49  the  country  and  rivers  as  far  north  as  the  Yuba 
River  was  examined  and  prospected,  a  few  of  the  bars  upon  the 
latter  being  worked  and  found  to  be  very  rich. 


138  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Fortunes  were  realized  from  Spanish,  Murderers',  Big  and  Michi- 
gan Bars,  where  Ex-(jovernor  Stanford  had  his  httle  store  in  '52,  the 
germ  from  which  sprang  the  Great  Overland  Railroad. 

In  one  respect  Eldorado  County  differed  from  nearly  all  other 
mining  counties  in  the  State,  or  even  upon  the  Coast,  as  the  gold 
was  more  evenly  scattered  and  the  mines,  as  a  general  rule,  were 
more  shallow  and  much  more  easily  worked.  For  these  reasons  they 
paid  better  for  the  time  expended  in  working  them,  though  natur- 
ally worked  out  much  quicker. 

In  consequence  of  the  first  discovery  of  gold  having  been  made 
in  Eldorado  County  the  first  mining  was  confined  to  this  portion  of 
the  mining  regions,  and  for  this  reason  also  the  yield  of  gold  during 
the  first  two  years  subsequent  to  its  discovery  was  greater  than  from 
any  part  of  the  State,  the  amount  realized  from  the  county  up  to 
the  spring  of  '51  having  been  estimated  at  $20,000,000. 

As  we  advance  to  the  north  we  find  ..hat  the  gold  deposits  in 
the  ravines  and  canons  are  much  deeper,  and  although  gold  upon 
the  bed  rock  can  be  had  in  great  quantities,  being  in  some  cases 
taken  out  by  the  pound,  yet  the  net  profits  are  very  small,  owing  to 
the  great  expense  in  working.  For  instance,  in  Coeur  d'Alene  gold 
mining  region  the  gravel  upon  some  of  the  richest  creek  bottoms 
is  from  20  to  30  feet  in  depth,  while  upon  the  bed  rock  there  are 
rich  deposits  from  which  very  coarse  gold  and  nuggets  have  been 
taken  by  the  pound.  Yet  the  great  disadvantage  and  expense  of 
working  many  of  these  places  in  consequence  of  the  amount  of 
water  to  contend  with,  as  well  as  the  want  of  sufficient  fall  of  same, 
make  them  unprofitable. 

In  the  Caribou  County,  creeks  were  discovered  of  fabulous  rich- 
ness, yet  such  is  the  depth  of  gravel,  in  some  cases  upwards  of  60 
feet,  that  the  expense  of  working  in  many  instances  exceeded  the 
income. 

We  find,  also,  as  we  proceed  to  the  north,  that  the  ancient  river 
beds  are  of  greater  extent  and  much  richer,  the  mountains  also 
being  higher  and  more  rugged.  The  placer  mining,  on  the  other 
hand,  is  confined  to  a  smaller  area,  gold  being  found  only  in  a  few 
of  the  principal,  or  larger,  creeks  and  ravines. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  from  this  fact,  as  well  as  from  the  gen- 
eral appearance  of  the  hills,  that  those  natural  forces,  such  as  vol- 
canic and  glacial  action,  which  wore  away  the  high  mountain  peaks 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  139 

to  their  present  allitudc,  and  which  broke  down  tlie  ancient  river 
channels  throu«rhout  the  central  portion  of  the  mining  regions, 
were  of  much  greater  force  and  of  longer  duration.  And  it  is  for 
this  reason,  also,  that  we  ^\w(\.  the  washed  gravel  and  particles  of 
gold  which  they  contamed  scattered  over  a  larger  area  of  country 
upon  the  surface. 

It  was  the  general  opinion  among  the  early  miners  that  where 
placer  mines  existed  would  also  be  found  rich  quartz  ledges,  and 
where  rich  quartz  ledges  are  found  there  must,  for  similar  reasons, 
be  good  placer  mining.  This  is  true  only  of  the  central  portion  of 
the  mining  regions,  where  the  quartz  ledges  have  been  thrown  down 
and  broken  up,  and  is  not  true  of  other  sections,- for  we  find  farther 
north,  among  the  high  cliffs  and  rugged  peaks  which  have  not  been 
worn  down  by  these  natural  forces,  quartz  ledges  containing  free 
gold,  in  many  cases  of  great  value.  Yet  no  free  gold,  or  at  least 
but  very  little,  can  be  found  among  the  ravines  or  canons  below 
them. 

It  has  been  often  said  that  the  early  miners  were  a  very  super- 
stitious lot  of  men  and  firm  believers  in  luck,  even  more  so  than 
any  others  ;  but  this  is  a  great  mistake,  for  observation  shows  us 
that  all  grades  and  races  of  men  are  afflicted  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent  with  this  peculiar  mania  of  belief  in  the  efficacy  of  signs 
which  give  warning  of  coming  dangers,  as  well  as  prognosticate 
good  luck  or  a  change  in  conditions.  Those  who  are  believers  in 
this  mysterious  change  in  circumstances  termed  luck  are  close  ob- 
servers of  such  signs,  and  before  commencing  their  operations  or 
enterprises  will  first  consult  the  oracle  to  see  if  the  signs  are  favor- 
able. 

Among  the  mining  classes  in  early  days,  the  Germans  were  firm 
believers  in  the  potency  of  signs,  although  many  Americans  and 
those  of  other  nationalities  were  not  far  behind  them,  the  main 
difference  between  them  being  that  the  former  had  no  hesitation  in 
acknowledging  such  a  belief. 

In  early  mining  days  it  was  generally  believed  that  success  in 
mining  was  entirely  owing  to  luck,  and  this  is  the  common  belief  at 
present  among  portions  of  the  mining  classes,  as  well  as  those  en- 
gaged in  other  kinds  of  busniess.  For  this  reason  the  so-called 
signs  are  intently  observed,  which  will  indicate  what  the  future  or 
result  of  any  work  or  enterprise  is  to  be.      1"  rom  the  observation  of 


I40  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

others,  as  well  as  our  own  experiences  in  the  operation  of  many  of 
these  omens,  it  is  very  conclusively  shown  that  in  many  cases  such 
circumstances  do  occur,  or  such  effects  result,  as  were  previously  sug- 
gested by  the  signs;  but  reason  teaches  us  that  there  can  be  no 
possible  connection  between  the  mere  fact  of  a  dream,  or  of  the 
occurrence  of  any  certain  events  and  any  subsequent  effects.  As 
a  consequence  such  future  effects  can  have  no  other  ex[)lanation 
than  that  of  coincidence,  although  we  must  admit  that  the  future 
events  very  often  constitute  a  mysterious  phenomenon.  Many  in- 
stances might  be  mentioned  as  an  evidence  of  this,  while  again 
numerous  cases  of  a  snnilar  nature  could  be  brought  forth  as  re- 
liable evidence  of  exactly  the  reverse.  Of  this  latter  class  of  effects 
the  believer  in  lucky  signs  takes  no  note,  since  they  are  of  a  nega- 
tive character,  and  have,  therefore,  no  value. 

An  acquaintance  of  mine  was  realizing  from  his  ravine  claim 
al)out  |2o  daily,  and  upon  his  way  to  his  cabin  one  evening  he 
picked  up  a  horseshoe  which  he  took  to  his  quarters  and  hung 
upon  a  nail,  with  the  remark  that  his  claim  in  future  was  "just 
agoin'  to  pungle"  ;  and  sure  enough,  for  about  two  weeks  following 
it  did  "  pungle  "  at  the  average  of  $50  per  diem. 

A  short  time  after  another  miner,  a  near  neighbor,  found,  upon 
his  way  home  from  work,  two  horseshoes,  which  were  hung  up  in  his 
cabin  for  luck,  and  strange  as  it  may  seem,  instead  of  his  claim  in- 
creasing in  its  daily  pa)',  in  a  few  days  it  ceased  paying  entirely.  Of 
course,  the  only  explanation  for  this  phenomenon,  as  one  of  his  friends 
told  him,  was  that  in  finding  two  horseshoes  he  overdid  the  busmess, 
for  one  offset  the  other.  Another  acquaintance  accounted  for  the 
catastrophe  by  saying  that  very  probably  one  of  the  shoes  was  a 
mule  shoe,  and  consequently  all  good  luck  was  kicked  out. 

Another  miner,  upon  commencing  his  work  one  morning,  said 
that  during  the  night  previous  he  had  dreams  of  finding  a  hen's 
nest  containing  a  number  of  eggs,  and  was  told  that  such  a  dream 
was  surely  a  sign  of  good  luck.  Singularly  enough,  for  three  or  four 
days  afterwards  his  claim  gave  down  far  better  than  it  ever  had 
done  before. 

A  few  mornings  subsequent,  another  miner  at  work  near  by  re- 
ported a  similar  dream,  and  he  also  received  his  reward  by  an  in- 
crease in  daily  pay.  But  a  short  time  afterwards  another  miner  in 
the  same  ravine,  who  was  making  upon  his  claim  an   average  daily 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  141 

profit  of  ^14,  reported  one  morning  that  he  th'eanit  the  night  be- 
fore of  finding  a  hen's  nest  from  which  he  took  nearly  a  peck  of 
eggs.  It  is  to  he  feared  that  he  too  overdid  it,  as  the  sign  for  him 
was  an  entire  failure.  He  found  at  night  that  the  lead  upon  which 
he  had  been  at  work  had  run  out,  and  he  could  average  but  two 
dollars  per  day,  and  was  consequently  forced  to  abandon  his  claim. 
Many  explanations  were  given  for  the  sign  having  gone  back  on 
him,  with  a  peck  of  eggs  behind  it,  too,  but  were  all  unsatisfactory 
with  one  exception,  this  being  the  only  reasonable  one,  that  by  the 
law  of  coincidences  it  could  hardly  be  possible  that  such  effects 
should  occur  three  times  in  succession,  notwithstanding  the  favor- 
able nature  of  the  signs. 

Many  cases  could  be  mentioned  of  miners  who  had  first  dis- 
covered the  new  moon  over  the  right  shoulder,  and,  if  future  pros- 
pects and  events  were  favorable,  would  always  be  sure  to  mention 
the  fact  of  having  seen  the  new  moon  in  the  proper  manner,  while 
others  who  saw  the  new  moon  in  a  similar  manner  were,  for  certain 
reasons,  very  careful  to  never  mention  the  circumstance. 

It  was  not  expected,  of  course,  that  the  most  intelligent  min- 
ers would  acknowledge  a  belief  in  such  signs,  and  ihey  were  always 
ready  to  ridicule  any  one  who  did.  One  of  the  old  mmers  in 
particular,  who  ridiculed  the  superstitious  notion,  would  always 
close  his  eyes  when  leaving  his  cabin,  so  his  partner  said,  and  not 
open  them  till  he  got  into  the  road,  and  faced  in  the  right  direction 
in  order  to  catch  the  moon  in  the  proper  position  over  his  right 
shoulder. 

A  miner  who  had  some  trouble  with  another  one  about  the  right 
to  use  a  certain  stream  of  water,  the  case  being  then  in  court,  stated 
to  his  acquaintances  upon  the  day  of  the  trial  that  he  dreamt  the 
night  before  of  killing  a  large  snake.  A  German  acquaintance  in- 
formed him  that  he  would  surely  win  his  case,  and  he  did. 

Another  miner  subsequently  had  a  similar  dispute  about  the 
right  to  a  certain  claim,  and,  dreaming  of  killing  a  big  snake  a  short 
time  previous  to  the  trial,  success  in  winning  his  suit  was  assured 
him,  and  he  did  ;  but  in  working  his  claim  it  was  found  to  be  of  no 
value. 

Hundreds  of  similar  instances  might  be  cited  to  show  that  these 
so-called  lucky  strikes,  as  foretold  by  dreams  or  signs,  are  simply 
coincidences,  and  no  other  explanation,  in  my  opinion,  is  possible. 


142  THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORXIA. 

It  is,  of  course,  well  understood  that  gold  mining  in  general  has,. 
reference  to  the  method  or  process  of  getting  money,  or  of  acquir- 
ing wealth  in  an  easy  as  well  as  \\\  a  very  rapid  manner,  without  the 
necessity  of  toiling  through  a  long  series  of  years  for  the  purpose, 
and  it  was  this  idea  that  brought  many  thousands  into  the  mining 
regions  of  California.  But  coming  here  and  finding,  alas, that  even 
to  dig  gold  direct  from  the  soil  required  labor,  patience  and  perse- 
verance, as  well  as  an  indefinite  space  of  time,  and  even  then  with 
uncertain  results,  was  the  cause  of  hundreds  returning  immediately 
to  their  Eastern  homes,  or,  at  any  rate,  of  leaving  the  mining  regions 
in  disgust  upon  making  the  unpleasant  discovery  that  gold  was  not 
to  be  scraped  from  the  surface  of  the  ground,  but  that  it  was  away 
down  out  of  sight,  badly  mixed  up  with  the  dirt,  mud  and  water. 
For  these  reasons,  thousands  who  crossed  the  sandy  plains,  or  who 
came  by  water  to  the  gold  mines,  were  sadly  disappointed. 

In  order  to  find  a  gold  deposit  or  lead  which  would  pay  for 
working,  it  was,  of  course,  necessary  to  travel  around  with  pick, 
pan  and  shovel  among  the  ravines,  fiats  and  gulches  ;  and  when 
what  seemed  a  favorable  spot  was  found,  a  hole  of  suitable  dimen- 
sions had  to  be  dug,  and  the  dirt  upon  the  bed  rock  panned  to 
determine  the  value  of  the  claim,  or  whether  it  would  pay  to  be 
worked. 

After  the  central  portions-  of  these  ravines  had  been  worked  in 
'49  and  '50  it  was  then,  of  course,  necessary  to  prospect  in  deeper 
ground,  near  the  banks,  or  in  the  flats  and  gulches. 

Of  the  great  number  who  prospected  subsequently  to  '49  but  a 
very  small  portion  found  claims  that  paid  them  for  their  trouble, 
while  hundreds  barely  made  a  living.  This  was  not,  however,  on 
account  of  the  mines  having  become  exhausted,  but  can  be  attribu- 
uted  to  their  manner  of  woi  king,  or  prospecting.  It  was  a  common 
sight  to  see  many  tramping  around  among  the  hills,  carrying  their 
picks  and  shovels  on  their  shoulders,  in  search  of  a  suitable  spot 
where  they  could  strike  it  rich,  but  where  the  soil  was  not  too  deep, 
and  this  class  of  prospectors  could  very  seldom  find  a  claim  worth 
working  ;  for  if  they  even  ventured  to  sink  a  hole,  it  was  generallv 
of  such  a  size  that  no  idea  coukl  be  formed  of  the  nature  of  the  bed 
rock  or  of  what  it  contained. 

As  an  illustration  :  Two  miners  on  their  way  to  work  one  morn- 
ing encountered  a  tall,   middle-aged    man,  sitting  by  the  road-side 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF    CALIFORNIA.  143 

lamenting  his  sad  fate.  He  said  that  he  had  left  his  family  upon 
his  little  farm  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  had  come  to  try  gold 
mining,  but  couldn't  find  enough  to  enable  him  to  live,  and  was 
very  anxious  to  return  htJine  agam.  He  said  that  he  hatl  dug  and 
-)rosj)ected  in  many  places,  but  could  find  nothing.  He  led  the  way 
to  a  ravine  near  at  hand  that  he  had  been  at  work  in  for  quite  a 
spell,  he  said,  "  but  thar  warn't  nuthin'  thar,"  and  we  found  that  he 
had  started  to  sink  a  number  of  holes.  They  were  about  four  feet 
across  upon  the  surface  of  the  ground,  but  contracted  as  they  ap- 
proached the  bed  rock,  coming  to  a  point  finally.  He  was  asked  if 
this  was  his  method  of  working  in  his  fanning  operations.  "  Wall, 
I  reckon  not,  but  thot  it  mought  do  here." 

Upon  suggesting  to  him  the  necessity  when  sinking  a  hole  of 
keeping  its  full  size  to  the  bed  rock,  especially  in  a  ravine  of  that 
character,  he  concluded  to  act  according  to  the  advice,  and  sure 
enough  he  found  that  he  had  run  across  a  very  fair  claim,  from 
which  he  succeeded  in  getting  gold  enough  to  take  him  back  again 
to  his  Eastern  home. 

Another  man  dug  a  hole  in  a  shallow  ravine,  the  ground  being 
only  about  three  feet  in  depth;  he  found  that  the  bed  rock  was  de- 
scending towards  the  center  of  the  ravine.  He  dug  another  hole 
adjoining,  and  discovered  that  the  bed  rock  inclined  towards  the 
first,  the  channel  being  between  the  two,  and  the  place  where  gold 
would  be  found  if  there  were  any  there.  He  did  not,  however  make 
a  connection  between  the  two  holes,  as  he  ought  to  have  done,  as 
he  was  told  by  an  old  miner  who  passed  that  way  ;  but  left  the 
wall  about  six  inches  in  thickness  between  them.  The  consequence 
was  that  the  aforesaid  old  miner  who  had  given  him  the  advice 
was  passing  the  place  a  few  days  afterwards,  and,  finding  that  it  had 
not  been  acted  upon,  commenced  to  investigate  that  six-inch  wall, 
and  discovered  a  very  rich  lead  from  which  he  took  in  a  few  days 
about  $1,000. 

It  may  be  as  well  to  explain  here  the  general  nature  and 
character  of  the  gold  dejjosits  found  up  to  this  time.  These 
deposits  consisted  of  such  as  were  found  among  washed,  or  quartz 
gravel,  and  were  confined  to  the  hills  or  gravel  claims  ;  as  well 
as  in  rivers,  creeks  and  in  such  ravines  where  the  gold  was  de- 
posited by  the  action  of  water,  there  were  what  were  termed 
benches    also.        These  were    formed    bv  a    breakdown    from    the 


144  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

urijrinal  river  beds,  and  usually  containeil  bt-ds  of  gravel  found 
upon  the  side  of  the  liiil  l)elo\v  the  level  of  ihe  ancient  beds,  in 
slides  which  were  formed  by  the  sliding  down  of  a  portion  of  a 
hill.  In  all  ravines,  creeks  and  gulches  also,  the  gold  found  was 
what  is  termed  washed  gold,  showing  evidence  of  having  been  at 
some  time  amongst  the  gravel  of  a  runnnig  stream.  Upon  the 
various  flats,  the  gold  was  of  a  similar  character  antl  found  with 
quartz  gravel,  showing  that  these  flats  had  at  one  time  formed 
the  bed  of  some  creek  or  running  stream.  There  were  some 
peculiar  gold  deposits  again  that  differed  entirely  in  their  nature, 
and  had  an  altogether  diiferent  origin.  The  former  deposits  al- 
luded to  as  being  in  rivers,  creeks,  ravines,  gulches,  flats,  slides 
and  benches,  were  all  supplied  from  the  beds  of  ancient  water 
courses,  which  had  been  in  course  of  time  broken  up  and  thrown 
down,  the  gravel  washed  and  scattered  by  the  action  of  water  to 
where  it  is  now  found.  Among  the  red  hills  in  the  mining  re- 
gions are  found  what  are  termed  "red  hill  leads."  The  gold  in 
these  is  rough  with  sharp  edges,  anil  has  never  been  in  contact 
with  gravel  or  running  water,  Tne  leads  ate  generally  very  nar- 
row, in  some  cases  being  not  more  than  an  inch  in  width,  and 
are  found  almost  invariably  in  small,  narrow  and  dry  ravines  ; 
and  upon  the  hills  above  and  in  the  vicinity  will  be  found  quartz 
ledges  which  indicate  their  origin. 

Among  these  leads,  cpiartz  in  a  partially  decayed  state  will  often 
be  encountered,  with  the  appearance  of  having  been  at  simuc  time 
in  contact  with  great  heat.  It  is  very  evident  therefore,  that  these 
streaks  of  gold,  or  leads,  were  deposited  subsequent  to  the  great  con- 
vulsions which  broke  up  the  ancient  river  cafions,  ami  still  remain 
in  their  original  position  as  when  melted  from  the  cpiartz  ledges, 
which  were  broken  up  and  distributed  in  this  manner  among  the 
ravines.  There  are  also  found  among  the  ravines  large  deposits  of 
clay  of  various  colors  ;  but  as  a  general  thing,  either  blue,  red  or 
yellow.  Very  rich  deposits  are  often  discovered  mixed  with  or 
beneath  this  clay. 

'i"he  fact  that  rich  gold  deposits  oftentimes  existed  beneath  these 
beds  of  clay  was  discovered  in  the  spring  of  '50,  Three  or  four 
young  men,  who  had  just  arrived  in  the  mines,  prospected  a  piece 
of  ground  located  at  the  junction  of  two  ravines,  in  what  is  now 
known   as   Clay    Ravine,    just   below    the    Pacific  (,)uartz  Mill,  near 


THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


145 


Hangtown.  They  fuuiul,  upon  sinking  a  shaft  about  eight  feet  in 
depth,  a  bed  of  blue  clay.  It  was  dry  and  hard.  Presuming,  there- 
fore, that  it  was  bed  rock,  they  abandoned  the  place.  A  young 
man  residing  near,  named  W^illiamson,  and  an  Irishman,  by  the  way, 
from  curiosity  concluded   to  sink   down   through   this  blue    clay  to 


STHRUCK      IT. 

see  what  was  underneath.  The  miners  who  were  at  work  in  Oregon 
Ravine,  a  short  distance  below,  heard  him  yelling  out  at  the  top  of 
his  v(jice  : 

"Say  b'ys,  jest  come  row  an'  see   phwat  1   hev  found  under  this 
clay,  be  jabers!  " 


146  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Upon  going  up  to  the  claim,  we  saw  on  the  ground  a  hard  soHd 
chunk  of  clay,  about  the  size  of  a  water-bucket,  taken  from  the  bed 
rock,  and  the  under  surface  was  one  mass  of  gold.  It  was  taken  to 
the  Express  Office,  pounded  up  and  found  to  contain  $1,500  ;  but 
how  much  he  got  from  his  claim  was  unknown. 

I  have  before  explained  that  the  chief  and  only  machine  used 
for  the  washing  of  pay  dirt  were  the  cradles,  toms  and  sluices, 
although  other  kinds  of  machines  were  often  brought  into  the  mines 
for  which  it  was  claimed  that  they  were  of  superior  character,  and 
warranted  to  save  more  gold  than  any  other  kind.  They  were,  how- 
ever, in  nearly  all  cases,  invented  or  constructed  by  persons  who 
had  little  knowledge  of  gold  mining,  and  were,  therefore,  ignorant 
of  what  was  really  needed,  it  being  the  general  impression  among 
them  that  gold  existed  among  the  dirt  in  great  quantities,  and  that 
some  superior  process  was  necessary  to  separate  it.  All  miners  of 
any  experience  are  well  aware  of  the  fact  that  the  great  difficulty  or 
drawback  to  gold  or  placer  mining,  is  not  so  much  how  to  save  the 
gold,  but  how  or  where  to  find  the  dirt  or  gravel  that  contains  gold 
enough  to  pay  for  the  working.  That  is  the  main  question  in  min- 
ing, and  the  manner  of  washing  or  saving  the  gold  is  of  course  a 
secondary  consideration.  When  the  richest  placers  were  worked 
out  by  the  use  of  a  pan  and  cradle,  and  it  became  necessary  to  wash 
a  much  greater  amount  of  dirt,  the  "torn  "  came  into  use,  and  an- 
swered a  good  purpose  for  a  time.  But  the  time  soon  arrived  when 
a  tom  was  found  to  be  inadequate  for  the  emergency,  for  the  reason 
that  it  was  necessary  to  wash  still  larger  quantities  of  dirt  or  gravel, 
and  to  accomplish  this  the  sluices  were  used  ;  they,  in  their  turn  to 
be  superseded  by  the  hydraulic  pipe,  by  which  large  bodies  of  earth 
and  gravel  could  be  washed  with  good  profit  that  could  not  be  made 
to  pay  by  the  sluicing  process,  and  which  again  in  its  turn  will  be  ■ 
superseded  by  some  peculiar  electric  process,  by  which  means 
whole  mountains  will  be  melted,  and  the  liquid  gold  will  flow  out 
from  the  bottom  of  the  huge  furnace  in  pipes  arranged  for  the 
purpose. 

There  are  at  present  in  California,  as  well  as  in  Oregon,  large 
bodies  of  black  and  common  river  sand  containing  gold  in  paying 
quantities,  only  awaiting  the  ingenuity  of  some  mechanic  or  miner 
to  invent  a  quick  process  for  separating  it,  as  no  means  or  method  is 
at  present  known  whereby  this  can  be  accomplished  with  any  profit. 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  147 

Upon  the  Columbia  River,  for  a  distance  of  at  least  150  miles, 
there  are  numerous  sand  bars  that  contain  gold  in  paying  quantities 
if  any  process  can  be  devised  for  separating  it.  Many  efforts  have 
been  made,  and  many  ingenious  mechanics  have  taxed  their  brains 
in  the  vain  attempt  to  solve  the  problem.  A  company  is  now  en- 
gaged upon  one  of  the  sand  bars  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Col- 
umbia in  experimenting  with  electricity  in  the  attempt  to  separate 
the  fine  float  gold  from  the  sand.  If  this  proves  to  be  a  success, 
the  sand  bars  upon  the  Columbia  will  be  valuable  mining  property. 


CHAPTER    XI. 


The   Indian  War — A  Change    in   the  Social  Conditions — The 
Desperado — The  Sailors — The  Mines  Worked  Out. 

IT  was  during  this  season  that  an  event  of  the  greatest  importance 
to  the  State  and  to  the  mining  interest  occurred.  I  refer  to  the 
subjugation  of  the  Digger  tribe  of  Indians,  a  warhke  and  savage 
race,  who  seemed  determined  to  exterminate,  if  possible,  the  Ameri- 
can race  of  gold  hunters  ;  that  is  to  say,  in  the  opinion  of  the  busi- 
ness portion  of  the  community  who  had  something  to  sell.  These 
Indians  were  in  many  cases  very  badly  treated  and  abused,  and  many 
had  been  killed  for  mere  sport  by  the  border-ruffian  element  from 
the  East.  The  consequence,  a  very  natural  one,  was  that  in  a  spirit 
of  revenge  they  resented  such  outrages  by  taking  the  lives  of  a  few 
of  those  who  abused  them.  But  this  was  deemed  a  sufficient  cause 
for  a  war  of  extermination,  and  a  demand  was  made  upon  the  Gov- 
ernment for  assistance.  No  regulars  were  necessary,  for  the  "  Ir- 
regulars," who  were  ever  ready  to  volunteer  when  an  Indian  is  to 
be  butchered,  were  numerous. 

A  small  army  was  soon  formed,  commanded  by  Col.  ^^'illiam 
Rogers,  and  when  all  was  ready,  or  nearly  so,  they  marched  for  the 
front,  if  it  could  be  found.  A  fine  spot  for  the  purpose  was  dus- 
covered  near  at  hand,  but  a  little  out  of  range  of  the  arrows. 
They  went  into  camp  and  waited  for  something  to  turn  up.  If  any 
attempt  was  made  by  the  Indians  to  charge  upon  their  works,  rein- 
forcements were  sent  for  at  once,  and  a  change  of  base  ordered 
immediately.  Such  was  the  nature  of  this  ferocious,  warlike  regi- 
ment of  Irregulars,  however,  that  a  change  of  conditions  was  abso- 
lutely necessary. 

The  Indians  were  hidden  behind  the  rocks  upon  the  opposite 
side  of  Brush  Caflon,  a  few  miles  above  the  town,  and,  unconscious 
of  danger,  were  with  their  families  engaged  in  various  amuse- 
ments.    The  older  members  were  seated   around  in  grcnips  discus- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA.  149 

sing  the  currciU  events  of  the  day,  anil  inthilging  in  reminiscences 
of  the  happy  springtide  of  youth  when  engaging  in  the  pleasures  of 
the  chase  after  grasshoppers,  wlien  the  Colonel  of  the  Irregulars, 
from  a  high  commanding  position,  the  top  of  a  stump,  took  a  view 
of  the  situation  with  his  field  glass,  leaped  to  the  soil  below  and 
ordered  a  charge  at  once. 

The  poor  Indians,  taken  by  surprise,  finight  with  valor,  disi)ut- 
ing  the  ground  inch  by  inch  ;  but,  being  overpowered  by  numbers, 
and  it  being  also  nearly  lunch  time,  they  very  precipitately  vamoosed 
the  ranch,  and  the  United  States  (Government  of  America  remained 
master  of  the  field. 

The  ambulance  train  was  ordered  up,  and  the  dead  and  wounded 
were  carefuUv  handled  when  found.  But  one  Irregular,  however, 
lost  his  life  during  the  conflict,  this  unfortunate  being  Mr.  W.  Mc- 
Kinney,  of  Cold  Springs. 

The  opinion  among  the  troops,  however,  was  general,  to  the  effect 
that  the  Indian  department  suffered  terribly,  and  that  large  num- 
bers of  them  had  passed  over  to  the  happy  hunting  ground,  and 
were,  probably,  already  engaged  in  chasing  grasshoppers  in  the 
spirit  land  ;  but  after  the  smoke  of  battle  had  been  drifted  through 
■  and  the  ground  sluiced  away,  but  one  old  squaw,  with  her  papoose, 
were  found  in  a  ditch  asleep. 

The  Grand  Army  of  the  Sierras  captured  all  th^it  was  to  be 
found  in  the  deserted  Indian  camp,  the  spoils  consisting  of  an  old 
pack  saddle,  a  jack  knife  with  two  blades,  and  one  woolen  shirt. 
These  were  taken  into  town,  and,  under  orders  from  the  Govern- 
ment, sold  at  auction  to  the  highest  bidder,  the  proceeds  going  into 
the  Treasury  and  thrown  in  among  the  surplus. 

This  terrible  and  devastating  uprising  was  thus  squelched,  and 
the  Indians  said  they  would  do  so  no  more,  and  they  never  did. 
The  great  conflict  which  was  participated  in  and  decided  by  the 
valor  of  undisciplined  Irregulars,  not  only  saved  the  entire  country 
from  utter  destruction,  but,  in  addition,  demonstrated  the  fact  to 
the  interest  of  all  concerned  in  mining,  that  the  black  sand  which 
had  heretofore  been  thrown  aside  as  valueless  was  in  reality  worth 
$1  per  pound,  avoirdupois,  in  the  following  manner : 

Powder  for  the  grand  army  being  scarce,  an  enterprising  and 
shrewd  storekeeper  in  the  town,  who  furnished  certain  supplies, 
substituted  kegs  of  the  aforementioned  sand  in  its  place,  and  it  was 


150  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

said  that  in  consequence  of  the  great  similarity  of  appearance,  neither 
the  grand  army,  the  Indians,  nor  Uncle  Sam,  ever  knew  the  difference. 

For  further  particulars  and  details  please  refer  to  the  history  of 
the  great  conflict,  as  I  do  not  wish  to  trespass  too  much  upon  such 
incidents  as  are  matters  of  historical  record. 

I  desire,  however,  to  mention  a  few  facts  in  relation  to  this  race 
of  Indians,  for,  in  my  opinion  and  judging  from  appearances,  they 
are  very  probably  the  ancestors  of  the  great  Mongolian  race,  and 
that  the  latter  descended  from  them.  Of  course,  this  was  some 
time  ago,  and  it  may  be  possible  that  it  is  just  the  other  way,  al- 
though it  matters  not  which  party  made  the  descent  first,  or  which 
did  the  degenerating  part  of  the  business.  That  the  Indians  have 
retained  the  old  original  dialect,  however,  is  an  evidence  of  a  very 
close  relationship,  which  the  most  skeptcial  must  acknowledge. 

Previous  to  the  great  battle  which  decided  the  destiny  of  the 
race  and  the  safety  of  the  country,  and  when  the  grand  old  eagle, 
with  prophetic  eye  soared  from  aloft  and,  sailing  majestically  across 
the  rocky  cation,  flapped  its  wings  with  joy  from  the  top  of  the  great 
American  banner  suspended  from  a  pile  of  sage  brush,  the  Colonel 
in  command  had  dispatched  an  officer,  in  full  regimentals,  to  de- 
mand the  immediate  surrender  of  all  goods  and  chattels  which 
were  contraband  of  war.  This  meant,  of  course,  all  squaws  and 
papooses  which  were  in  arms.  The  reply  told  the  tale  of  their  de- 
scent at  once. 

"  You  Melican  man  heap  allee  samee  fool.  You  no  foolee  me 
muchee.  You  sabe  squaw  ?  You  no  takee,  you  wantee.  You 
come  catche." 

The  officer  explained  that  his  object  was  only  to  cover  them 
with  the  old  flag  to  protect  them  from  the  cold  weather,  as  there 
was  every  indication  of  rain. 

Quite  a  change  in  social  conditions  was  now  taking  place.  Ralls 
and  dances  were  more  frequent,  and  the  mining  regions  began  to 
assume  the  appearance  of  civilized  communities.  To  our  Eastern 
friends  it  was  of  course  a  conundrum  how  women  could  live  with 
safety  here  in  the  mines  of  California,  in  the  midst  of  such  a  crowd 
of  cow  boys  and  frontier  desperadoes.  It  did  seem  rather  strange, 
but  the  reason  why  women  could  not  only  reside  here  in  perfect 
safety,  but  could  travel  about  the  country  tree  from  insult  and 
molestation  as  well,  I  will  give  an  illustration  of: 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


151 


Soon  after  the  arrival  of  the  fall  emigration  of  '50,  a  very  pretty 
young  married  woman,  wife  of  a  Mr.  Herrick,  the  hotel-keeper, 
could  freciuently  l)e  seen  riding  a  pony  around  among  the  hills.  On 
one  occasion  she  was  met  upon  the  road  a  few  miles  from  town  by 
one  of  this  class  of  men  who  offered  her  an  insult.  She  was  not 
long  in  reaching  town  and  reporting  the  fact,  and  almost  as  quickly 
as  I  have  stated  it  he  had  a  rope  around  his  neck,  while  the  other 
end  was  thrown  over  the  limb  of  a  tree,  but  upon  promising  faith- 


THK    WOMEN    MUST    BE    PROTECTED. 

fully  that  he  would  never  do  such  a  thing  again,  or  never  insult  an- 
other woman  in  California,  he  was  allowed  to  depart.  An  insult 
to  a  woman  was  by  these  rough  miners  considered  a  worse  crime 
than  robbery  or  murder,  and  punished  accordingly,  and  for  this 
reason  a  women  could  travel  alone  and  unattended  anywhere  among 
the  mining  regions  in  the  early  days. 

The  presence  of  woman  not  only  illustrated  the  influence  of 
changed  social  conditions,  but  also  the  effect  upon  civilization  in 
general;  for  previous  to  her  coming,  as  I  have  before  mentioned, 
there  was  among  all,  or  at  least  the  greater  portion,  a  total  disregard 
for  aonearances,  and  a  visit  to  the  miner's  cabin  would  show  that  his 


,52  THE   A]^GO.\Al'TS   OF   L  ALIFORM  A. 

mode  of  life  and  household  arrangements  were  sadly  in  need  of 
repair.  Under  woman's  influence,  the  old  cabin  was  put  into  proper 
shape;  a  washboard  and  tub  stand  by  the  door;  the  dishes  are 
regularly  washed  and  arranged  carefully  upon  the  shelf,  and  the 
yard  in  front  of  the  house  has  been  cleared  of  old  hats,  boots  and 
other  rubbish — showing  by  the  changed  appearance  of  the  old 
castle  and  its  surroundings  the  effect  of  this  magical  mfluence,  tend- 
ing toward  higher  conditions  of  civilization. 

Vou  see  yonder  a  large  cabin;  it  has  recently  undergone  a  com- 
plete transformation.  Vou  observe  that  a  new  addition  has  been 
put  on  for  the  convenience  of  cooking  arrangements;  in  front  of 
the  house,  which  was  formerly  littered  with  tin  cans  and  piles  of 
rubbish,  all  is  now  smooth  and  clean.  A  pretty  fence  now  sur- 
rounds the  house,  and  if  you  approach  closer  you  will  observe  a 
sweet-pea  vine  and  a  morning-glory  running  up  around  the  window, 
fastened  with  pieces  of  cotton  twine,  and  in  the  corners  of  the  yard, 
and  along  by  the  fence,  you  will  also  notice  growing  bushes  of  cer- 
tain varieties  of  roses. 

The  door  opens  and  thence  comes  the  pilgrim  chaii.  liut  he  does 
not  look  like  the  same  boy  at  all.  Can  it  be  he  ?  That  '*  biled 
shirt "  and  those  store  clothes  and  shining  boots  have  changed  him 
somewhat  in  appearance.  But  why  this  change?  What  is  the  mat- 
ter with  him,  you  ask.  ^Valk  with  me  towards  the  house.  Do  you 
hear  that  strange  sound  ?  'Tis  not  the  wail  of  a  hyena  or  of  a  cata- 
mount from  yonder  mountain,  but  the  wail  of  an  infant  in  the 
direction  of  the  house.  That  is  what's  the  matter.  i'hat  rocking 
motion  you  hear  is  not  made  by  a  miner's  cradle,  but  the  other 
kind,  and  in  it  is  a  very  valuable  nugget,  a  ten-pounder  that  the 
pilgrim  has  just  struck,  and  24  carets  fine.  And  now  don't  you 
think  that  it  is  the  presence  of  woman  that  tends  to  elevate  mankind, 
or  you  old  forty-niners  in  particular,  to  higher  conditions  of  civd- 
iz^tion  ? 

"I  reckon,"  say  each  and  all  of  us. 

The  desperadoes  and  border  ruffians  from  I'exas  and  Missouri 
were  now  (piite  numerous.  Many  robberies  were  committed  and 
some  shooting  ])articipated  in  occasionally.  There  were  also  many 
of  this  class  inclined  to  jump  claims,  when  it  was  possible  to  do  so 
without  danger,  and,  as  one  of  them  expressed  it  who  had  jumped  a 
claim  belonging  to  a  vcMing  man  who  had  just  gone  to  his  cabin  for 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIl-'ORNl/i. 


153 


WOMAN  S    INP'LUENCE. 


154 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


lunch,  "  All  Hades  couldn't  drive  me  off  either."  He  was  dressed 
in  a  kind  of  masquerade  costume,  and  a  gambler  by  profession  from 
some  interior  town  ni  Missouri.  He  wore  a  white  fur  plug  hat  ; 
blue  swallow-tail  coat  with  brass  buttons,  and  around  his  waist  a 
broad  belt  containing  weapons  enough  for  a  whole  regiment.  But 
wait ;  a  large,  powerfully  built  man  was  walking  very  leisurely  to- 
ward the  claim,  followed  by    the  young  man,  its  owner.     The  big 


THK    CLAIM    JUMl'KR. 

fellow,  C.  Marple,  who  was  from  Philadelphia,  in  a  very  mild  and  per- 
suasive tone  of  voice  requested  the  U.  S.  arsenal  to  kuully  leave  the 
claim;  but  placing  his  hai;d  upon  the  most  convenient  weajion  the 
claim  jumper  refused.  Mr.  Marple,  in  avery  polite  manner,  stepped 
towards  him,  and  taking  him  by  the  collar  kindly  assisted  him  to 
leave,  which  he  did  without  any  further  trouble;  proving  the  well 
known  fact  that  the  greater  the  scoundrel,  the  greater  the  coward. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


155 


156  THE  ARGOXAVTS   OF   CALI FORXIA. 

and  requiring  a  great  iuiinl)er  of  weapons,  therefore,   to   convince 
Others  of  his  bravery. 

A  desperado  by  the  name  of  Burns,  the  same  who  afterwards 
assisted  in  the  capture  of  the  noted  bandit,  Joacpiin,  came  across  the 
plains  this  season,  and  could  be  seen  visiting  and  lounging  around 
the  various  bar-rooms,  carrying  a  miniature  U.  S.  arsenal  around 
his  waist.  Having  one  day  a  dispute  with  this  same  Mr.  Marple  \\\ 
relation  to  some  trifling  matter,  he  grasped  the  handle  of  his  favor- 
ite weapon,  but  the  unfrightened  Yank,  shoving  his  clenched  fist  in 
close  pmximity  to  the  desperado's  left  eye,  playfully  remarked: 

"Yes,  draw  your  weapon,  and  I'll  bet  drinks  for  the  crowd  that 
I  knock  you  down  before  you  can  cock  it." 

Burns  eyed  the  huge  fist,  concluded  that  he  would  like  its  appear- 
ance better  at  a  (iistance,  put  up  his  weapon,  and  treated  the  crowd. 
One  of  these  brave  frontier  ruffians  made  his  stopping  place  and 
home  at  a  way  station,  or  bar-room,  located  upon  the  emigrant  road 
a  few  miles  from  Hangtown,  and  was  very  frequently  in  the  habit  of 
accosting  miners  and  strangers  who  had  occasion  to  stop  at  the 
place,  in  a  very  rough  and  barbarous  manner.  He  would  draw  a 
weapon,  and  ask  if  they  had  said  their  prayers  and  were  ready 
to  die,  getting,  of  course,  his  whiskey  free  as  a  compromise,  upon 
condition  of  putting  up  his  weapons.  Ui)on  one  occasion,  however, 
he  struck  a  costumer,  a  regular  old-fashioned,  Jacksonian  Democrat 
from  Kentucky,  who  did  not  believe  in  compromising. 

As  the  latter  stood  at  the  bar  enjoying  his  beverage,  the  border 
rufifian  approached  him  with  an  immense  !)owie  knife  raised  above 
his  head,  and  inquired  if  the  stranger  had  said  his  jirayers  that 
morning,  at  the  same  time  making  a  motion  as  if  to  strike.  The 
old  Kentuckian  remarked  that  he  had  not,  as  he  had  done  all  his 
praying  in  his  younger  days,  and  enough,  he  reckoned,  to  last  him 
the  rest  of  his  life,  at  the  same  time  drawing  his  pistol  from  his 
l)elt,  and  sending  a  ball  crashing  through  tne  brain  of  the  desi)erado. 
No  inquest,  as  the  coroner  did  not  think  it  was  necessary. 

This  class  of  desperadoes  was  now  becoming  quite  numerous  in 
the  mining  regions,  and  caused  much  trouble  and  annoyance.  But 
they  must  not  be  confoundetl  with,  nor  be  included  in,  what  in  more 
modern  times  are  denominated  as  cow-boys;  for  the  latter  are  a 
later  invention,  and  as  a  rule  of  a  higher  order,  although  there  may- 
be many  desperate  characters  among  them,     ^'c•t  the  great  majority 


THE  ARGON AUrS  OF  CALJFOKNJA. 


157 


158 


THE  ARGONAUTS   Ot    CALIFORNIA. 


of  co\v-l)oys  are  respectable  as  compared  with  the  border  ruffians  of 
forty  years  ago.  The  term  desperado,  as  I  am  informed,  is  derived 
from  the  Sanscrit,  or  some  other  tongue:  desper  signifying  to  "git  " 
and  ado  being  an  abbreviation  of  the  word  adieu;  in  border  dialect 
meaning  "  Farewell,  I'm  off."  The  individual  who  made  the  appli- 
cation, even  if  it  was  many  years  ago,  knew  who  he  had  reference 


A    SIMILE. 

to;  for  if  ever  there  was  a  man  who  felt  inclined  to  "git"  and  to 
tender  an  affectionate  farewell,  it  is  one  of  these  old-style  border 
ruffians  or  desperadoes,  when,  chancing  to  be  alone,  he  meets  some 
one  with  whom  he  is  not  on  good  speaking  terms,  the  sight  of  whose 
clenched  fist  strikes  terror  into  his  soul. 

They  resemble  the  hyena  very  inuch,  for  when  in  numbers  they 
are  brave,  ferocious  and  warlike,  and  will  at  such  times  attack  any 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


159 


thing   that  has   legs,  from   an   old  milk-stool  to  a  yearling  calf,  or 
anything  that  walks,  from  a  congressman  to  the  walking-beam  of  a 


i^'-mu-^ 


THE    NEW    COMER. 


Steamboat;  but  when  alone  and  he  scents  danger  from  afar,  al- 
though encased  in  armor  and  with  an  arsenal  suspended  to  his 
waist,  yet  at  such  a  time  he  resembles  very  much  the  appearance 
of  a  little  dog  running  up  the  road  with  a  big  tin  kettle  tied  to  his 
tail,  while  (ram  a  rea''  view  all  that  can  be  seen  is  the  hardware. 


i6o 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


As  the  spring  of  '51  approached,  the  opinion  became  geneial 
that  the  mines  of  California  were  very  nearly  worked  out,  or  rather 
that  portion  of  them  which  was  thought  to  be  worth  working,  and 
consequently  many  left  the  mining  regions  in  the  dry  diggings  and 
went  up  to  the  various  rivers,  north  or  south,  others  again  returning 


DISCOVERY    OF    THE    RED    HILL    C.OLD. 

to  their  Eastern  homes.  Owing  to  the  great  specific  gravity  of  gold, 
and  benig  ignorant,  also,  of  the  reasons  why  gold  was  almost  invari- 
ably associated  with  running  streams,  for  at  this  time  quartz  was 
unknown  and  hill  gravel  mining  was  not  a  possible  conception,  it 
was  supposed  that  gold  would  always  be  found  only  in  the  lowest 
places.     The  time   soon   arrived,  however,  when   all   old  miners,  in 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  01'  CA LI I'ORXIA. 


i6i 


this  miniiii^  region  at  least,  were  to  learn  scjniethins;  wi^w  in  relation 
to  minmg,  and  discover  that  the  richest  deposits  were  not  in  the 
lowest  places  by  any  means,  hut  in  the  hills  above,  in  the  beds  of 
other,  older  rivers,  and  also  among  the  (juartz,  which  is  called  the 
mother  of  gold,  since  it  is  only  in  this  rock  that  gold  is  found  in  its 
original  state.      To  illustrate  :  Some  miners  were  at  work  with  their 


-rS^^i^L      ^V^-I^^^J^  ^**7b^»~    ^ 


THE    TARS    ON     THF.    HILL. 

cradles  in  what  is  called  Emigrant  Ravine,  and  about  two  miles 
above  town.  It  was  a  hot,  sultry  day,  and  a  stranger,  with  his  pick 
and  pan  for  prospecting,  inquired  of  them  if  there  was  a  place  where 
he  could  start  in  to  work.  One  of  the  miners,  for  a  joke,  pointed 
towards  an  oak  tree  near  the  ravine  upon  a  little  rise  of  ground,  and 
remarked  : 


i62  THE   ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIJ-'OKMA. 

"  Yes,  there  by  that  tree  is  the  finest  place  to  work  that  I 
know  of." 

The  prospector  took  a  view  of  the  ground,  and,  l)elieving  the 
olc^'miner  to  l)e  in  earnest,  commenced  to  work.  It  was  deep  ;  the 
gronnd  was  dry  and  hard,  but,  by  perseverance  and  hard  work,  in 
about  two  days  he  found  the  bed  rock  eight  or  ten  feet  below  the 
surface,  and  from  the  bottom  of  this  hole  he  cradled  out  more  gold 
in  a  week  than  the  company  of  astonished  miners  who  had  fooled 
him  had  obtained  in  their  whole  season's  work.  In  this  manner  it 
was  soon  fully  demonstrated  that  gold  was  universally  scattered  all 
over,  in  spots,  in  no  one  place  in  particular,  but  wherever  you  could 
find  it. 

A  short  time  subsequent  to  this  a  colored  man,  in  walking  along 
the  trail  at  the  foot  of  a  steep  hill,  picked  up  a  small  piece  of  gold. 
Its  edges  were  sharp,  and  from  all  appearances  it  had  never  been  in 
running  water  ;  but  the  question  was,  where  did  this  come  from,  and 
there  lay  the  mystery.  Not  from  the  ravine,  and  certainly  not 
from  the  steep  side  hill  ;  but  at  any  rate  the  colored  man,  from  curi. 
osity,  dug  a  hole  upon  the  steep  side  hill.  He  found  no  gravel,  but 
saw  that  the  soil  upon  the  bed  rock  was  a  deep  crimson  color,  and 
that,  scattered  around  among  this  blood  red  earth  was  to  be  found 
coarse  gold.  This  had  never  been  in  contact  with  water,  but  had 
been  deposited  by  heat  or  chemical  action,  and  was  the  first  discov- 
ery in  this  section  of  the  rich,  red  hill  gold  deposits. 

It  was  in  the  spring  of  '50  that  four  sailors,  who  had  deserted 
from  their  ship  in  San  Francisco,  took  a  cruise  up  among  the  mines, 
as  they  remarked: 

"  Jest  to  see  how  the  land  lay." 

They  cruised  about  for  several  days,  hardly  knowing  what  to  uo 
or  even  how  to  do  it,  and  during  one  of  their  daily  excursions  they 
found  themselves  near  the  head  of  a  small  ravine,  and  a  very  steep 
one,  which  emptied  down  into  the  big  canon.  It  was  a  pleasant 
spot,  and  one  of  them  remarked: 

"  Well  now,  me  lads,  let's  drop  anchor  here;  pipe  all  hands,  pass 
the  grog,  and  make  the  blarsted  dirt  fly." 

So  one  of  them  volunteered  to  commence  operations  by  measure- 
ing  off  a  spot  about  the  size  of  the  forehatch,  and  then  commenced 
work  with  his  pick  and  shovel  to  break  out  the  cargo,  until  he 
struck  bottom,  as   he   remarked.     A   number  of  miners  at  work  ia 


THE   ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


163 


the  ravine  l)elo\v  watched  the  operations  of  the  Jack  Tars,  and  were 
very  much  amused  to  see  them  sinking  a  hole  away  up  at  the  top  of 
a  hill.  The  sod  was  not  deep,  and  the  tars,  by  taking  a  turn  about 
at  the  helm,  were  soon  down  to  the  bed  rock,  upon  which  they 
found  the  dirt  and  gravel  of  a  very  pretty  red  color.  Filling  a  pan 
they  took  it  to  the  ravine  below,  where  one  of  the  old  miners  kindly 
offered  to  wash  it  for  them,  although  he  remarked  that  it  was  hardly 


DISCOVERY    OF    THE    OLD    RlVER    BEDS. 

necessary,  for  gold  never  could  have  got  away  up  there  at  the  top 
of  the  hill.  But  upon  washmg  it,  they  found  to  their  astonishment 
that  there  was  gold  "  away  up  there  on  the  hill,"  and  a  considerable 
lot  of  it  too,  as  the  amount  in  the  pan  indicated,  for  it  contained 
about  $20.  The  jolly  Tars  procured  cradles  and  the  necessary 
tools,  and  started  in  to  work,  at  which  they  continued  some  three 
months,  during  which  time  they  extracted  about  $20,000,  as  was 
stated  by  Adams  tS:  Go's  agent  soon  after  they  left.  The  ravine  was 
afterwards  known  as  the  "Sailor  Boy's  Ravme,"  being  about  one 
and  a  half  miles  from  Hangtown  and  near  the  trail  to  the  American 
River. 

It  was  late  in  the  winter  or  fall  of  '49,  that  the  discovery  by  W. 
Salmon  and  his  comrades  that  gold  existed  in  the  hills  in  the  vicinity 


1 64 


THE  A  ROOM  A  UTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


of  Georgetown  was  made,  and  that  many  of  them  contained  beds  of 
gravel  which  were  rich  in  gold,  this  fact  being  well  demonstrated  by 
the  discovery  in  Forest  Hill,  a  few  months  later. 

Upon  the  discovery  of  hill  diggings,  mining  assumeil  another  form, 
for  instead  of  the  mines  being  worked  out,  which  was  the  general 
opinion,  we  were  only  beginning  to  learn  where  to  find  the  precious 


UNCI.K    HEN    ON    r;iX)l.()(;Y. 

metal.  'I'he  first  hill  tliggings  in  l^ldorado  County  were  discovered 
near  Upper  Hangtown,  early  in  the  spring  of  '5i,l)ythe  Aiken  l)roth- 
ers,  who  worked  a  small  ravine  located  on  the  side  of  Indian  Hill. 
When  working  near  the  upper  end  of  the  ravine  their  jiay  dirt  left 
them,  and,  instead  of  a  slate  bed  rock,  they  now  found  that  it  had 
changed  to  what  appeared  to  be  of  the  nature  of  sandstone.       This, 


HIE   ARGOXAUTS    OF   CALIFORNIA.  165 

fiowevtr,  provLcl  to  he,  ii])<)n  e.xaniiiial'on,  cement,  under  which, 
upon  workinjr  through  it,  they  ft)und  a  deposit  of  rich  gravel  rest- 
ing upon  a  slate  foundation,  and  pitching  into  the  hill.  Other  hills 
in  the  vicinity  were  soon  found  to  be  similar  in  character,  cement 
capped,  containing  ancient  river  beds  rich  in  gold. 

'I'he  discovery  of  these  ancient  river  beds,  among  a  portion  of 
the  miners  created  (juite  a  discussion  as  to  their  origin  and  the 
period,  in  geological  eras,  when  this  ancient  river  system  was  de- 
stroyed, and  by  what  forces.  Many  of  the  discussions  between 
these  veteran,  self-taught,  geological  expounders  were  interesting, 
as  well  as  instructive,  each  one,  of  course,  having  a  theory  of  hisown 
which  must  be  the  only  reasonable  interpretation.  One  of  the  most 
prominent  of  these  students  of  natixre  was  an  old  gentleman  from 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  Uncle  Ben  Coats,  and  to  listen  to  one  of  his 
geological  lectures,  under  the  shade  of  an  aged  oak,  surrounded  by 
a  crowd  of  miners  who  were  ail  anxious  to  be  informed  as  to  the 
facts  of  the  case,  was  decidedly  instructive  and  interesting — a  scene, 
too,  reminding  one  of  Socrates  or  Aristotle  lecturing  to  his  pupils 
in  the  shady  groves  of  Athens.  We,  the  miners,  soon  became  pro- 
ficient in  the  use  of  the  words  tertiary,  pliocene,  carboniferous, 
spirituous,  and  gaseous  eras  or  epochs,  retaining  even  to  the 
present  time  a  very  vivid  recollection  of  them,  but  more  especially 
of  the  two  latter  epochs. 


CHAPTER    Xll, 


Mining  Speculators — The  Lost  jBkothf.r — (.ambling — A  Gkn- 
EROUs  Gambler — An  Important  Discovery — Beginning  of 
Fruit  Culture  and  Wine  Manufacture  in  California — 
The  First  Church  Organization  in  the  Mining  Regions — 
"  Old  Nick  "  and  His  Animals — "  Old  Sv'd." 


MANY  persons  were  now  continually  commg  into  the  mines, ; 
stupendous  frauds  were   being  perjietrated   upon  them  in 


and 
the 
sale  of  mining  claims. 

One  very  enterprising  individual  who  had  drifted  into  the  low 
red  hdl  or  slide  in  the  hope  of  finding  a  lead,  being  disappoint- 
ed, loaded  his  shot-gun  with  gold  dust,  and  discharged  it  iiUo  various 
places.  Upon  finding  a  newcomer  who  desired  to  purchase,  he  was 
requested  to  take  a  pan  and  prospect  for  himself,  which  the  victim 
would  often  do  with  remarkable  success.  He,  however,  saw  the 
joke  after  he  had  bought  the  mine,  and  procuring  a  shot-gun 
played  the  same  game  on  some  other  chap  ;  and  I'm  not  sure,  but  I 
think  that  their  descendants  have  inherited  the  same  habit,  and  are 
yet  shooting  and  selling  old  claims.  One  sale  of  a  mining  claim  is 
worth  mentioning.  It  was  a  rich  piece  of  ground  in  the  lower  part 
of  Hangtown,  and  located  on  a  rich  lead.  A  chap  who  had  been 
hard  at  work  for  nearly  ten  days  stripping  the  top  dirt  from  his 
claim,  about  fifteen  feet  square  and  ten  feet  deep,  prospecting  a  pan 
of  dirt  in  one  corner  and  finding  nothing,  concluded  to  sell  it,  if 
possible.  Presently  along  came  three  or  four  young  men  who  had 
just  arrived,  and  he  proposed  to  sell  it  to  them,  explaining  that  there 
was  good  pay  a  little  deeper.  They  paid  him  his  price — one  hundred 
and  fifty  dollars — and  early  ne.xt  morning  started  in  to  work.  By 
3  P.  M.  they  were  down  to  bed  rock  in  various  places,  and  water  be- 
ing handy  they  washed  a  pan  just  for  curiosity. 

The  seller  of  the  claim,  who  lingered  around  to  see  how  badly  he 
had  fooled  them,  was,  when   he  saw  them  wash  out  pan  after  pan, 

166 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


167 


/^^"■tt'C" 


1 68  Till-:  AKGOXAUTS   OF   CALl FORXIA. 

containing  from  ten  dollars  to  twenty  dollars,  fitly  iloliars,  and  one 
h.nulred  dollars  to  a  pan,  the  most  disgusted  man  in  California. 
He  tried  to  buy  it  back,  and  offered  five  hundred  dollars  for  it. 
They  took  out  in  about  five  days  nearly  $7,000,  and  this  was  their 
first  mining  venture. 

The  winter  ot  '50-51  as  belore  stated  was  a  very  dry  one,  and 
there  was  hardly  water  enough  to  run  a  tom.  Consequently  the 
summer  of  '51  was  very  dry,  and  the  dry  diggings  throughout  the 
country  were  almost  entirely  desertea.  This  season  saw  large 
amounts  of  gold  dust  taken  from  the  river  beds  of  the  Yu!)a, 
Feather  and  Bear  Rivers,  as  well  as  in  the  various  forks  of  the 
American,  and  also  in  the  streams  in  the  central  and  lower  portions 
of  the  State,  Small  towns  were  now  being  started  in  the  various 
mining  districts.  School-houses  and  churches  were  conspicuous 
among  all,  and  the  country  was  now,  more  than  ever,  assuming  the 
appearance  of  civilization,  to  the  great  disgust  of  the  border-ruffian 
element,  one  of  whom  was  heard  to  remark  : 

"That  ef  these  Yanks  didn't  stop  with  that  ar"  nonsense  of  fool- 
ing away  their  time  with  school  an'  prayin'  shebangs,  the  whole 
country  would  go  to  h — !.''     But  time  has  since  proved  that  he  lied. 

The  emigration  of  this  fall  was  larger  than  that  of  the  year  pre- 
vious and  was  that  of  a  better  class,  consisting  princii:)ally  of  fami- 
lies, many  of  whom  were  from  States  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

A  bulletin  board,  or,  rather,  a  book  for  registering  the  names  of 
the  iiewly-arrived  emigrants  in  order  that  friends  and  acquaintances 
could  learn  of  their  destination  and  location,  was  put  up.  Many 
amusing  incidents  occurred  in  the  search  for  those  who  had  pre- 
viously arrived.  A  young  man,  having  just  arrived,  made  inquiries 
among  the  various  barrooms  and  hotels  for  his  l)rother,  who  had, 
as  he  was  informeii  by  the  bulletin  board,  come  across  the  plains 
this  season.  The  young  man  was  from  Ohio,  and  his  older  brother 
had  left  home  some  twelve  or  fifteen  years  previous.  The  new  ar- 
rival, therefore,  was  very  an.xious  to  find  his  brother.  The  train 
with  which  the  young  man  had  just  arrived  was  under  the  con- 
trol of  a  man  from  New  Orleans  called  the  Colonel,  his  real  name 
not  being  known  by  any  one  upon  the  train.  In  making  inquiries 
in  one  of  the  barrooms,  with  the  hope  of  finding  same  one  who 
could  give  him  the  required  information  in  regard  to  his  brother,  a 
gentleman  from  New  Orleans,  who  was  present,  remarked  : 


THE  ARCOXAUTS  OF  CALIFOKXIA. 


169 


I70 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORXIA. 


"  Why,  the  man  you're  inquiring  for,  the  Colonel,  is  here  in 
town,  and  I  saw  him  not  ten  minutes  ago  over  there  in  that  drug 
store.'' 

The  young  man  went  over  and   saw  the  Colonel,  with  whom  he 


FOUND    HIS    BROTHKR. 

had  crossed  the  plains,  in   the  store,  and  of  course  mentioned   the 

reasons  for  his  coming  in  as  directed. 

"  Well,"  said  the  Colonel,  "  what  was  your  brother's  name  ?  " 

"  His  name  was  William  B.  Richards." 

"  Well,"  rejoined  the  Colonel,  "  that  is  my  name." 

Sure  enough,  this  Colonel  with   whom  he   had  crossed  the  plains 

was  the  long-lost  brother! 


THE  ARGONAUTS    OF    CALIFORNIA.  171 

It  was  the  habit,  or  custom  rather,  in  early  days  to  give  to  each 
man  a  certain  nickname  by  which  he  was  usually  known,  his  real 
name  being,  as  a  general  rule,  unknown,  or  even  unasked  for.  "Whar 
air  you  from?"  was  the  main  question  and  the  information  most 
desired,  an,d  usually  decided  his  nickname. 

Here  were  "Old  Pike,"  "Big  and  Little  Pike,"  "Old  Ken- 
luck,"  "  Texas  Jack,"  "Texas  Jim,"  "Old  Arkansas";  if  Scotch, 
he  was  "Sandy,"  or  "Scotty";  if  from  the  East,  "Little  or  Big  Yank," 
and  their  mining  locations  would  in  some  cases,  also  decide  their 
names.  There  were  "French  Flat  Pete,"  "Sandy  Hill  Mike," 
"Poverty  Point  Jim,"  ad  infinitutn. 

On  one  occasion,  a  young  miner  returned  to  his  Eastern  home 
for  a  visit,  and  one  day,  while  visiting  at  some  family  acquaintances 
with  his  parents  at  a  distance,  upon  looking  over  some  daguerro- 
types  lying  on  the  tallies,  he  remarked  that  one  of  them  resembled 
very  much  a  young  man  with  whom  he  hail  worked,  and  who  was 
at  present  living  in  the  same  place,  Mocklm  e  Hill,  in  a  cabin  near 
his.  He  could  not  tell  the  name,  but  he  went  by  the  name  of  Jack, 
and  one  day,  being  in  his  cabin,  saw  a  book  upon  the  table,  and 
found  upon  looking  at  it,  that  it  was  the  "Pilgrims  Progress,"  on 
the  fly  leaf  of  which  was  written  the  name  of  Elizabeth  Andrews. 

"  Oh,  Oh!  "  said  a  young  lady  present,  "  that  is  my  brother,  John 
Andrews,  and  we  haven't  heard  from  him  for  nearly  15  years,  and 
were  afraid  that  some  accident  had  happened  to  him  somewhere." 

After  the  commencement  of  the  rainy  season,  in  the  fall  of  '51, 
the  river  mmers  Hocked  into  the  placer  mining  districts.  Other 
arrivals  from  across  the  waters,  soon  swelled  the  population  in  all  of 
the  various  mining  camps.  Gambling  in  all  of  its  various  forms 
became  again  the  principal  amusement.  Barrooms  and  gambling- 
houses  vied  with  each  other  in  furnishing  their  patrons  with  the  fin- 
est and  loudest  music,  and  bands  could  be  heard  playing  in  all  of 
them  during  the  greater  ^portion  of  the  evening,  and  until  the  wee 
sma'  hours  of  the  morning.  The  professionals  were  as  a  general  rule 
Southerners  by  birth,  hailing  from  New  Orleans,  Louisville,  Mem- 
phis, Richmond  and  St.  Louis;  whilst  only  occasionally  would  be 
found  a  sport  claiming  Boston  or  New  York  as  his  birthplace. 
Many  of  this  class  were  men  of  good  education  and  abilities,  and 
many  of  them  descendants  of  respectable  families  as  well.  They 
had  been  accustomed   from  childhood   to  associate  with  this    class 


172  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

\\\  their  na'ive  cities,  aiui  therefore  inherited  or  accjuired  the  gam- 
bling trail  of  character.  It  is  of  course  well  understood  that  all 
men  who  gamble  for  money  are  necessarily  very  bad  characters;  but 
the  professional  gambler  of  early  days  formed,  in  many  instances, 
an  exception  to  this  general  rule,  and  should  not  l)e  confounded 
with  the  lower  ten-cent  ante  poker  gambler  found  bumming  and 
loafing  around  the  gambling  places  of  to-day.  Among  this  former 
class  were  as  many  good,  honest  and  square-dealing  men  as  could 
generally  be  found  among  those  engaged  in  any  other  business,  and 
they  were,  as  a  rule,  more  charitable,  being  always  ready  to  contri. 
bute  their  share,  and  a  little  more  too,  towards  assisting  those  who 
were  in  distress. 

A  lady  with  two  daughters  arrived  in  the  mines  late  in  the 
autumn  of  '49,  her  husband  having  died  on  the  plains  durmg  the 
journey.  They  were  in  a  very  destitute  condition  and  among 
strangers  in  a  strange  land,  without  a  single  acquaintance  in  the 
State,  as  far  as  they  knew.  Her  great  desire  was  to  return  to  their 
Eastern  home,  and  to  enable  them  to  do  so  newly-found  friends 
used  every  effort,  endea^'oring,  among  the  miners  and  busmess  men 
of  the  town,  to  raise  sufificient  money  for  the  purpose;  but  not 
enough  money,  however,  couUl  be  collected.  Some  one  mentioned 
the  circumstance  in  one  of  the  gambling  houses,  and  one  gambler, 
Lucky  Bill,  whose  sad  fate  I  have  before  mentioned,  who  was  pres- 
ent, remarked: 

"  Well,  if  Mrs.  S.  wishes  to  return  East  again  with  her  daughters, 
she  shall  go." 

Taking  his  hat  around  among  the  gamblers  in  the  various  houses, 
he  raised  in  one  hour  about  $;i,5oo,  which  was  sent  to  her,  and  in  a 
few  days  the  family  went  on  its  way  rejoicing. 

The  winter  of  '5i-'52  was  a  very  damp  one,  and  mining  through- 
out the  entire  region  was  carried  on  very  extensively  with  toms, 
long  and  short,  and  towards  spring  sluices  came  mto  use,  which 
enabled  the  miner  to  wash  large  quantities  of  dirt  that  would  not 
pay  by  any  other  process.  The  greatest  activity  prevailed  among 
all  classes,  and  fortunes  were  realized  by  many.  Amiong  the  arri- 
vals during  this  year  from  the  East,  were  many  who  had  previously 
been  in  the  mines  and  returned  home;  some  to  remain,  while  many 
had  been  to  visit  parents,  wives  and  families  as  well,  also  in  some 
few  cases  with  the  intention  to  return  with  a  partner.     7\mong  the 


I 


THE   ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


'73 


174  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

latter  class  was  a  vounij;  man  from  riiikulelphia,  who  had  been 
absent  from  his  loved  one  nearly  two  years.  Durhij^  the  first  year 
after  parting  he  had  written  to  her  by  every  steamer;  but,  for  some 
reason,  for  several  months  previous  to  revisiting  his  home  he  had 
neglected  to  correspond,  not  dreaming  of  the  effect  which  such  neg- 
lect sometimes  produces  upon  the  female  mind.  Upon  arriving  in 
his  native  city  he  hastened  at  once  to  the  home  of  his  adored  one, 
knocked  upon  the  door,  and  the  mother  of  his  darling  Maggie,  an- 
swering the  call,  invite  him  in  with  the  greatest  pleasure.  Maggie 
is  called;  she  enters  the  room,  and  the  negligent  miner  goes  for 
her,  but  hold!  with  a  wave  of  the  hand,  she  exclaims: 

"Joseph,  away,  away!  I  thought  you  were  dead,  and  I'm  a 
married  woman  now." 

Joe's  advice  to  all  young  men  upon  his  return  to  California  was: 
"  Boys,  write  often!     Write  often!" 

During  the  winter,  many  ditches  had  been  dug,  bringing  water 
from  the  mountain  streams  into  the  various  mining  districts,  thus  en- 
abling the  miners  to  work  ravines,  slides  and  benches,  which  never 
before  had  been  worked.  This  extended  the  area  of  mining  ground, 
and  from  this  time  forth  it  was  possible  to  work  nearly  all  gold- 
bearing  soil. 

In  the  spring  of  '5 2, many  who  had  succeeded  in  accumulating  a 
sufificient  amount  of  gold  turned  their  attention  to  the  cultivation 
of  land,  and  to  stock  raising  in  other  portions  of  the  State;  and 
throughout  the  summer,  ranches  were  pre-empted  and  located  in 
many  of  the  lower  counties,  for  the  very  important  discovery  had 
now  been  made  that  a  portion  of  California,  at  least,  contained  land 
suitable  for  agriculture.  Up  to  this  time,  however,  but  very  few 
people  came  with  the  intention  of  remaining,  the  principal  purpose 
being  to  acquire  a  sufficient  amount  of  gold,  and  then  to  return  as 
soon  as  possible  to  their  Eastern  homes.  I?ut  to  thousands  this 
quick  return  home  was  a  delusion  and  a  snare;  for  just  how  to 
return,  or  how  to  acquire  the  necessary  means  for  so  doing,  was  a 
conundrum  that  they  endeavored  to  solve,  but  in  many  instances 
were  finally  compelled  to  give  up. 

Many  left  wives  and  families  in  the  East,  expecting  to  meet 
them  again  in  a  short  time;  but  from  sickness,  misfortune,  and 
poor  luck,  as  well  as  in  consequence  of  bad  habits,  the  yeais  rolled 
on,  and  they  became  weaned  from  their  loved  ones  at  liome,  who 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


175 


WRITE    OFTEN.    BOYS  . 


176 


THE  ARGlWAUTS   OF   CALIFOKNIA. 


were  finally  forgotten.  In  one  instance,  a  man  from  an  Eastern 
State,  leaving  a  wife  and  several  daughters  to  care  for  themselves, 
arrived  here  in  '50.  He  soon  forgot  his  family  in  the  East,  but 
after  a  few  years,  being  very  unsuccessful  in  his  mining  and  busi- 
ness matters,  and   hearing  that  his  daughters   had    made   wealthy 


THE    SURPRISE. 

marriages,  concluded  t(^  surprise  them  with  a  visit.  As  the  result 
l)roved,  he  was  himself  the  most  surprised  man  in  that  section  of 
the  country,  for  none  of  them  knew  him  and  would  not  even  recog- 
nize him,  a  daughter  saying  that  as  he  had  never  written  nor  sent 
them  one  dollar  to  assist  them,  therefore  he  could  not  be  their 
father,  and  they  kiiuily  bade  him  farewell.  He  returned  to  C'ali- 
fornia  a  sadder,  but  a  more  sin<rle  man. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  177 

Previous  to  the  discovery  of  the  old  river  channels  in  the  hills, 
it  was  the  almost  universal  opinion,  I  think,  that  the  mines  would  in 
a  very  few  years  be  entirely  worked  out,  and  all  would  be  compelled 
to  return  to  their  Eastern  homes;  but  by  the  discovery  of  the  hill 
gravel  mining,  the  time  necessary  to  accomplish  this  in  was  of 
course  extended  to  a  later  day,  and  taken  in  connection,  also,  with 
the  fact  of  the  other  very  important  discoveries,  that  good  land  was 
found  in  some  of  the  other  counties,  it  looked  very  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  it  would  be  possible  to  live  here,  and  establish  per- 
manent homes  in  California.  It  was  not  until  about  three  years 
later  that  this  opinion  became  prevalent,  and  hundreds  of  families 
throughout  the  mining  regions  came  to  the  conclusion  that  this 
might  prove  to  be  a  pretty  good  country  to  live  in  after  all. 

Steamers  were  now  making  regular  trips,  bringing  letters  from 
home  and  friends  semi-monthly.  Besides,  ships  were  continually 
arriving  laden  with  all  the  necessaries  of  life,  as  well  as  its  conveni- 
ences, and  ladies  could  appear  in  the  streets  of  the  small,  inferior 
mining  towns  sporting  the  latest  styles  of  dress,  hats  and  crinoline 
attachments,  similar  to  those  in  the  streets  of  New  York  or  Boston, 
and  what  more  could  they  desire  ?  Wages  were  high  in  all  of  the 
towns  and  cities  ;  provisions  and  groceries  were  reasonable  in  price, 
and  the  whole  country  assumed  the  air  of  a  continuation  of  condi- 
tions of  general  prosperity  of  a  more  permanent  character.  The  dis- 
covery was  further  made  that,  although  malaria  and  mosquitoes 
were  prevalent  in  certain  portions  of  the  country  near  the  river  mar- 
gins, and  also  in  the  vicinity  of  certain  flats  covered  by  stagnant 
waters,  and  that  fleas  in  swarms  infested  its  chief  city,  yet  the  coun- 
try in  general  was  a  very  healthy  one,  the  fleas  being  confined  to 
their  native  soil  and  not  allowed  to  scatter  around  over  the  State 
much. 

The  diverting  of  the  water  from  mountam  streams  by  means  of 
flumes  and  ditches  for  mining  purposes,  changed  entirely  the  char- 
acter and  general  appearance  of  the  mining  regions ,  for  the  eye 
was  soon  greeted  with  the  appearance  of  gardens  scattered  around 
among  the  hills,  as  well  as  in  various  camps.  Cabbages  raised  their 
shaggy  heads  in  their  beds,  adjacent  to  the  bed  of  violets  and  dai- 
sies. Radishes,  turnips  and  horse-radish,  etc.,  could  be  found 
profusely  scattered  here  and  there,  surrounded  with  rose-bushes, 
dahlias  and    the  high,  lofty  and   aristocratic    sunflower.     Beautiful 


178  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

cottages,  surrounded  with  blooming  gardens,  could  be  seen  dotting 
the  sides  and  gentle  slopes  of  the  hills  in  the  environments  of  the 
various  mining  towns,  all  denoting  the  fact  of  changed  conditions, 
and  telling  in  plain  language  that  now  we  have  come  to  stay.  These 
changed  conditions  were  not,  however,  confined  to  any  one  particu- 
lar section  of  the  country,  but  to  all  of  the  mineral  regions  that  at 
this  time  were  being  worked,  which  included  the  central  counties  of 
the  State,  as  well  also  as  the  chief  towns  and  cities.  All  received 
the  impulse  ol  the  change,  and  moved  forward  in  their  course  toward 
a  higher  improvement  of  conditions. 

With  these  changes  came,  also,  from  the  far  East,  many  who  had 
previously  returned  to  their  Eastern  homes, under  the  impression  when 
they  left  that  a  total  collapse  here  of  all  mining  and  business  interests 
generally  was  a  question  of  but  a  few  short  years,  and  being  formed 
of  that  material  peculiar  to  the  pioneer,  too  proud  to  beg  their  way, 
would,  therefore,  be  compelled  to  remain  and  make  their  future 
dwelling  places  in  company  with  the  Indians,  amid  the  ruins  of  the 
once  thrifty  but  now  deserted  mining  villages.  Many  of  these  men 
returned,  bringing  their  families  with  them  also,  satisfied  that  they 
found  at  last  a  suitable  spot  upon  the  face  of  the  ear^h  for  a  home, 
safe  from  the  freezing  blizzard  and  the  destructive  cyclone  ;  and  a 
country,  too,  where  at  night,  after  the  toil  of  the  day  is  over  and  all 
have  retired  to  rest,  and  sweet,  refreshing  sleep  is  desired,  the 
mercury  in  the  tube  of  the  thermometer  hanging  by  the  doer,  which 
has  l^een  through  the  day  pretty  well  up  towards  the  nineties,  does 
not  reverse  the  natural  order  of  things  as  it  does  in  the  East,  and 
continue  climbing  up  during  the  night,  forgetting  to  fall.  On  the 
contrary,  here  it  conforms  with  the  natural  law,  and  gently  descends 
from  its  lofty  elevation  of  the  day,  evidencing  a  more  agreeable 
temperature,  necessary  to  sweet  and  refreshing  slumber. 

These  things,  and  many  other  facts  of  a  similar  nature,  brought 
to  our  State  emigrants  not  only  from  the  East,  but  from  all  other 
countries  of  the  globe,  who  desired  to  live  under  such  favorable  con- 
ditions, and  in  a  short  time  there  could  be  found  in  the  mining  re- 
gions, as  well  as  in  the  chief  towns  and  cities,  representatives  from 
almost  every  nation.  But  o  very  small  proportion,  however,  of  those 
who  came  into  themountams  in  the  year  '53  engaged  in  the  business 
of  mining,  for  previous  to  this  time  the  very  important  discovery 
had  been    made  that,  by  the    use  of   water  for   irrigation,  the  soil 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA.  179 

cou'd  be  rendered  highly  productive,  and  all  kinds  of  fruits  could 
be  raised  in  the  red  and  apparently  barren  soil.  The  German  pop- 
ulation commenced  the  cultivation  of  the  grape  vine,  and  from  this 
point  in  the  history  of  California  can  be  dated  the  inception  of  the 
fruit  and  wine  industries  of  the  Pacific  Slope,  which  in  a  few  years 
swelled  to  immense  proportions.  The  little  valleys  and  level  places, 
suitable  for  orchards  and  vineyards,  were  readily  located,  and  every- 
thing indicated  the  fact  that  all  had  become  convinced  that  this  was 
the  promised  land,  for  which  they  had  so  long  been  searching. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  gold  seekers  from  the  Eastern 
side  of  the  Continent,  ui  their  earnest  desire  to  improve  their  finan- 
cial condition,  should  entirely  overlook  their  spiritual  welfare  ;  and 
that  they  did  not  forget  their  early  training  was  evident  from  the 
fact  thai;  in  the  spring  of  '51  a  church  was  organized,  and  a  suitable 
building  erected  near  the  mouth  of  Cedar  Ravine,  where  services 
were  held  upon  the  Sabbath  The  Rev.  ]\Ir.  Owens  was  the  first 
minister  to  officiate,  and  it  was  stated  that  th.s  was  the  first  church 
organization  in  the  mining  regions.  The  discovery  was  soon  made, 
that  although  we  had  a  church  and  a  very  respectable  congregation, 
containing  quite  a  number  of  ladies  and  a  few  children,  yet  there 
was  something  else  wanting,  something  that  had  been  associated  in 
our  minds  from  infancy  in  connection  with  a  church,  and  this  was  a 
bell.  The  question  therefore  at  once  suggested  itself  as  to  how  we 
could  reasonably  expect  success  in  spiritual  matters  without  a  bell. 
Upon  the  supposition  that  this  would  be  an  impossibility,  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed,  and  money  was  raised  for  the  purchase  of  one. 

After  much  inquiry,  the  committee  succeeded  in  purchasing  in 
San  Francisco  an  old  ship's  bell.  This  upon  its  arrival  was  hailed 
with  hearty  cheers,  and  elevated  in  due  time  to  its  lofty  perch  upon 
the  roof  of  the  church.  The  sound  of  it  could  be  heard  for  many 
miles  around,  reverberating  among  t'^e  ravines  and  canons,  telling 
to  the  miners  far  and  near,  in  the  plainest  tones  and  in  unmistak- 
able language,  that  the  holy  Sabbath  day  had  not  only  found  its 
way  across  the  barren  desert  and  the  mountain  ranges,  but  had 
come  to  stay,  and  they  must  not  forget  it. 

All  persons  are,  perhaps,  aware  that  the  peculiar  tone  of  a  bell 
which  we  have  often  been  accustomed  to  hear,  and  are  therefore 
familiar  with,  can  very  easily  be  distinguished  from  the  tones  of  an- 
other, even   after  the   lapse  of  many  years.     Near  the  head  of  the 


i8o 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Big  Cafion,  about  two  miles  from  the  town,  w-as  a  cabin  occupied  by 
three  or  four  men  who  had  followed  the  sea,  and  upon  the  first 
Sabbath  morning  when  the  bell  was  rung  the  sound  of  it  reached 
the  ears  of  the  sailor  boys;  and  one  of  them  rushing  from  the  cabin 
door  exclaimed: 

"  Blast  me  eyes,  shipmates,  if  thet  aint  ole  Dick's  voice  "  (the 
name  given  to  the  bell  on  shipboard),  "and  I'll  jest  bet  a  tar  bucket 
agin  an  ole  soldier,  that  the  Capt'in  of  the  ship  has  been  on  a  spree, 
lost  his  bearin's,  and  is  a  sailin'  up  Hangtown  Creek,  and  a  comin' 


"THE    VOICE    OF   OLD    DICK." 

to  anchor  off  the  town.  We'll  scrub  decks,  trim  sails,  make  all 
taut,  me  lads,  and  take  a  cruise  down  that  way,  and  hev  a  talk  with 
ole  Dick." 

Jack  was  informed  upon  reaching  town  that  the  bell  upon  the 
church, sure  enough,  was  formerly  used  upon  the  ship  "Staffordshire.'' 

"Yas"  says  Jack;  "I  wud  know  that  bell  m  any  part  o'  the 
world.  For  twelve  years  Dick  and  I  sailed  together  the  seas  over, 
from  the  China  Sea  up  through  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  Indian 
Ocean;  an'  we  could  all  understan'  Dick's  language  when  he  talked 
to  us.  It  was  Dick  who  tole  us  when  the  plum  duff  and  ole  horse 
was  ready  fur  us  to  stow  away   in  our  lockers.     When  'twas   our 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  iSi 

watch  below,  an'  also  late  at  night,  when  'twas  our  watch  on  deck, 
we  wucl  hear  ole  Dick  sing  out,  '  Aye,  below  there,  me  hearties! 
Rouse  out,  ye  lubbers,  an'  come  on  deck,'  an'  we  always  obeyed  his 
orders.'  Well,  me  lads,  'tis  quite  a  change  fur  ole  Dick  from  the 
deck  of  a  ship  tossin'  about  on  the  ocean,  to  the  roof  of  a  church 
up  in  Hangtown;  but  he'll  do  his  duty  faithfully'  an'  if  the  land 
lubbers  will  be  as  quick  to  come  on  deck  for  prayers  when  he  talks 
to  'em  on  a  Sunday  mornin,'  as  the  lubbers  in  the  ship's  fo'cas'le 
were,  they'll  all  sail  through  life  in  safety  with  a  fair  wind.  An* 
then,  when  their  voyage  is  ended,  and  Dick  tells  them  that  tis  their 
watch  below,  they  can  slip  their  cables  from  this  world  withcnit 
fear,  sail  over  to  the  other  side,  an"  find  a  safe  harbor  in  the  next." 

About  thirty-eight  years  have  now  passed  since  the  old  ship's 
bell  first  made  its  appearance  in  the  mining  regions.  It  served  its 
purpose  well  for  a  short  time  upon  the  roof  of  the  church,  in  calling 
together  the  miners  for  prayers  on  Sunday  mornings;  but  an  in- 
crease in  number  of  the  congregation  demanded  a  larger  edifice. 
A  larger  bell  was  therefore  deemed  necessary,  and  Dick  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  roof  of  the  school-house  on  the  hUl,  from  which  his 
voice  can  yet  be  heard,  with  the  same  cheerful  tone  calling  upon 
the  children  to  come  and  prepare  themselves  to  take  a  part  in  the 
active  duties  of  life. 

The  school  was  for  a  long  time  under  the  instruction  of  "Mr. 
Cyrus  Bartlett,  of  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

In  the  fall  of  '51,  no  little  excitement  was  created  in  the  town, 
by  the  entrance  of  a  person  whose  name  was  Ben  Nickerson,  but 
who  was  generally  known,  however,  as  "  Old  Nick."  He  brought 
into  the  mines  with  him  a  rather  superannu.ited  specimen  of  a 
grizzly,  with  a  diminutive  donkey  as  an  accompaniment,  and  the 
posters  upon  the  fences  conveyed  the  valuable  information  that  on 
the  hill  in  the  rear  of  the  Court  House,  within  an  inclosure  erected 
for  the  express  purpose,  at  2  p.m.  daily,  Sundays  unexcepted,  would 
be  witnessed  a  most  terrific  combat  between  these  two  ferocious 
animals:  tickets  $1,  to  be  had  at  the  door;  reserved  seats  for  ladies 
and  children  at  half  price.  To  the  credit  of  the  ladies  in  the  min- 
ing regions,  it  may  be  as  well  to  mention  that  none  ever  visited  old 
Nick,  nor  fiis  inhuman  exhibition.  Occasionally  the  programme 
would  be  changed  by  the  substitution  of  a  wild  Spanish  bull,  in 
place  of  the  donkey.     In   a  short   time,  however,   public   sentiment 


i8; 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


revolted  against  the  inhuman  exhibition,  and  the  citizens,  en  masse, 
tore  down  the  structure. 

Many  old-timers   will   remember   Syd    Ketchum,  of   Ilangtown. 


vy 


He  was  full  of  his  jokes,  and  was  rightly  named,  for  it  was  his 
greatest  delight  to  "ketch  'um  "  (the  boys)  occasionally.  One  after- 
noon he  took  his  station  in  the  middle  of  the  street  in  front  of  the 
Empire  saloon,  and   casting  his  eyes  upward   seemed  to   be  gazing 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


183 


i84  TF{E  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

at  some  extraordinary  object  in  the  heavens.  In  a  few  minutes  he 
was  surrounded  by  others  who  were  anxious  to  see  what  he  was 
gazing  at  so  earnestly,  and  among  these  was  Anderson,  the  actor, 
who  took  his  station  in  front  of  Syd,  and  gazed  intently  and  long  in 
the  same  direction.    Finally,  he  turned  to  Syd  and  asked  what  he  saw. 

"Oh,  nothing,"  was  the  answer  as  he  walked  away. 

Anderson,  with  his  hands  jammed  in  his  pockets,  stood  in  the 
same  spot  and  watched  the  joker  until  the  latter  was  out  of  sight, 
and  remarked,  as  he  turned  to  enter  the  saloon  again  : 

"Well,  I'll  be  durned." 

"It  was  but  a  few  days  after  this  that  Syd,  rushing  into  the  Belle 
Union  gaming  house  out  of  breath,  exclaimed  : 

"  Horrible,  horrible.  The  Coloma  stage,  with  a  full  load  of 
passengers,  has  just  run  off  the  Coloma  street  bridge." 

"Of  course  there  was  a  great  rush  on  the  part  of  the  crowd  to 
the  corner  below  for  the  purpose  of  witnessing  the  horrible  acci- 
dent, and  among  them  was  Anderson,  the  actor,  in  the  lead.  Upon 
their  arrival  at  the  corner  they  saw  the  stage,  with  its  load  of  pas- 
sengers, on  its  way  up  Coloma  street,  and  it  at  once  occurred  to 
them  that  the  stage  never  could  have  gotten  across  the  bridge  with- 
out running  off  at  the  further  end  of  it. 

"  Well,"  says  Anderson,  "  durned  if  I  don't  get  even  with  old 
Syd,  if  I  have  to  live  in  Hangtown  the  rest  of  my  life." 

He  watched  his  opportunity  and  it  soon  came. 

It  was  late  in  the  fall  and  raining.  In  the  large  gambling  house 
called  the  Trio  Hall,  sitting  around  a  great  sheet  iron  stove  one 
afternoon  were  a  number  of  men  enjoying  themselves,  and  among 
them  was  Syd. 

All  at  once  the  front  door  was  violently  opened  and  in  rushed 
Anderson,  the  actor.  He  was  hatless,  and,  from  all  appearances, 
was  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  a  full-fledged  case  of  "jimjams."  He 
stepped  to  the  stove  and  with  his  foot  kicked  open  the  door,  at  the 
same  time  drawing  from  under  his  coat  a  large  powder  horn,  which 
he  threw  into  the  stove,  exclaiming  : 

"  Let's  all  go  together,  boys." 

A  few  minutes  afterwards  Syd,  with  a  few  others,  ventured  to 
look  into  the  door,  and  there  stood  the  actor  with  his  hat  upon  his 
head,  who,  with  a  pleasant  smile,  inquired  of  Syd  if  the  stage  had 
run  off  the  bridge  again. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


185 


1 86  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Some  one  asked  Syd  how  he  got  out.  He  said  that  at  times  he 
was  at  the  top,  and  sometimes  they  were  five  or  six  deep  and  he 
was  at  the  bottom  of  the  pile,  but  he  managed,  by  rolling,  tumbling 
and  crawling  occasionally,  with  a  hop,  skip  and  a  jump,  to  get  out- 
side before  the  stove  blew  up,  and  acknowledged  that  Anderson  had 
got  even. 

Soon  after  the  hanging  of  Irish  Dick  in  the  fall  of  '50,  the  ques- 
tion of  hanging  a  culprit  in  that  promiscuous  manner  was  objected 
to  by  many,  and  Syd  opposed  it  strongly  upon  the  grounds  that,  as 
a  general  rule,  the  hardest  characters  in  the  camp  would  be  the  first 
to  pull  on  the  rope  and  cry  "  Hang  him  !  "  as  was  the  case  when 
Dick  was  hung,  the  majority  of  those  who  were  the  most  eager  to 
hang  him  being  men  of  the  lowest  class. 

Syd  claimed  that  if  a  man  were  to  run  through  the  town,  fol" 
lowed  by  others  who  cried  "  Hang  him  !  Hang  him  !  "  this  crowd  of 
ignorant  barroom  loafers  would  join  in  the  chase  and  hang  the  man, 
if  they  caught  him,  without  asking  any  question,  and  simply  upon 
general  principles  and  from  the  excitement  of  the  occasion.  To 
prove  this  it  was  agreed  that  a  young  man  present  should  run  down 
the  street,  a  few  others  should  follow  in  his  wake  and  cry  "  Hang 
him!"  The  young  man  started  as  agreed  upon,  and  before  he 
reached  the  corner  of  Coloma  street  a  dozen  barroom  loafers  had 
caught  him,  and  with  a  rope  around  his  neck  were  using  him  in  a 
very  rough  manner.  No  doubt  they  would  have  injured  him  se- 
verely, even  if  they  had  not  hung  him,  but  for  the  interference  of 
Syd  and  others,  who  explained  the  joke  as  well  as  the  object  in 
playing  it. 


CHAPTER  Xlll. 


Emigration  of  '51 — Churches  Erected — Mines  Deserted — 
The  Chinese  Miners — Hill,  River  and  Quartz  Mining — 
Nature  Frowns — The  Course  of  Events  Change — Fruit 
Raising — Prospecting — On  the  Home  Stretch. 

IN  the  fall  of  '51  there  was  a  very  heavy  emigration  across  the 
plains,  from  the  AVestern  States  principally,  which  I  heard  es- 
timated at  25,000,  but  whether  it  ^vds  as  much  as  this  I  cannot  say. 
Great  numbers,  also,  who  had  traveled  by  water  during  the  fall  and 
winter  of  '51,  came  up  into  the  mining  regions,  and  the  estimate  was 
made  that  in  Eldorado  County  alone  there  were  in  the  spring  of  '52 
fully  30,000  persons,  while  in  the  mining  regions  there  were  nearly 
100,000.  Of  this  number  only  a  small  proportion  engaged  in  the 
business  of  mining,  the  great  majority  consisting  of  business  men. 
including  saloon-keepers,  idlers,  loafers,  and  a  large  number  ot 
sporting  men.  From  observation,  I  should  judge  that  less  than  one- 
tenth  of  those  who  came  into  the  mining  regions  up  to  this  time 
engaged  in  the  business  of  mining. 

It  was  during  the  spring  of  this  year  that  the  first  newspaper, 
called  the  Eldorado  ISTeivs^  was  started  in  the  mining  regions  b)' 
Harmon  &  Springer.  It  changed  hands  in  '52,  I  think,  its  name 
being  altered  to  that  of  The  Mountain  Democrat,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Gilwicks  &  Phillips. 

It  was  the  intention  of  many  up  to  this  time  (about  '52  and  '53) 
to  return  home  after  a  few  years  ;  but  now  the  time  had  arrived 
when  orchards  were  blooming  upon  the  hillsides,  and  the  grapevines 
could  be  seen  bending  under  their  luscious  burdens,  the  prevalent 
question  appearing  to  be,  Why  not  stay  and  make  our  homes  here  ? 
The  society  in  the  mining  regions,  as  was  doubtless  the  case 
in  the  towns  and  cities,  was  somewhat  mixed,  and  at  first  social 
conditions  were  rather  strained,  owing,  of  course,  to  the  difference  V 
in  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  natives  of  the  different  States  and 

187 


i88  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

countries  from  which  they  had  emigrated.  Thii'  state  of  affairs  did 
not  last  long,  however,  and  society  soon  adapted  itself  to  such  changed 
conditions,  and  continued  upon  a  more  favorable  basis.  Churches 
were  erected  in  all  the  chief  mining  towns  by  the  various  denomina- 
tions; school  districts  were  formed  at  an  earlier  day,  and  school- 
houses  were  erected  throughout  the  mining  counties,  not  only  m  the 
chief  towns,  but  also  in  all  of  the  various  mining  camps  that  con- 
tained children  enough  to  start  one. 

In  the  dry  seasons  of  '50-'53,  when  water  was  scarce  in  the 
placer  mining  districts,  large  numbers  proceeded  to  prospect  the  beds 
of  other  rivers,  both  north  and  south,  finding  that  almost  every 
stream,  from  the  Klamath,  Trinity  and  Scott  rivers  of  the  North,  to 
the  Stanislaus  and  other  rivers  of  the  South,  contained  gold  in  pay- 
ing quantities.  Dams,  ditches,  tail  races, wing  dams  and  flumes  were 
built  at  the  most  available  points  in  the  various  rivers,  and  immense 
fortunes  were  realized  by  a  few  persons.  River  mining  partakes  of 
the  same  nature  and  character  as  other  mining,  and  although  the 
exact  location  was  known  in  the  river  where  the  rich  deposits  were 
to  be  found,  yet  the  trouble  and  expense,  as  well  as  the  uncertainty 
and  risk  in  getting  it,  offset  to  a  great  extent  the  value  of  the 
amount  acquired  ;  for,  in  some  cases,  miners  were  compelled  to 
dam  and  flue  three  and  even  four  years  in  succession  before  b«ing 
able  to  get  to  work  among  the  pay  gravel  in  the  river  bed. 

Frequent  losses  were  entailed  in  consequence  of  the  breaking 
away  of  dams,  caused  by  rains  in  the  mountams  above  coming  upon 
them  unexp2ctedly  and  carrymg  away  flumes,  tools,  etc.,  just  as 
everything  was  about  ready  for  commencing  the  work  of  washing 
the  pay  dirt. 

G3id  m  nlng,  under  favorable  conditions  is  of  a  pleasing  and 
exciting  nature,  and  for  this  reason  has  great  attraction  for  many  ; 
but  such  is  the  great  uncertainty  of  success  of  this  method  of  ac- 
quiring wealth,  that  although  fully  $50,000,000  of  gold  was  being 
annually  extracted  from  the  mines  and  put  into  circulation,  yet, 
strange  and  paradoxical  as  it  may  seem,  a  few  years  demonstrated 
the  fact  that  the  class  who  extracted  the  gold  from  the  soil  in  the 
dry  diggings,  from  tunnels  in  the  old,  ancient  river  beds,  as  well  as 
from  the  present  water  courses,  were  the  very  ones  who  had,  or  who 
retained  in  their  possession,  the  least  amount.  It  would  be  natural 
to  suppose,  from  the  nature  of  things,  that  those  who  dug  the  gold 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  189 

should  hold  or  retain  in  their  possession  by  far  the  greater  portion 
of  it  ;  the  reverse,  however,  was  the  case,  and  in  a  short  time  the, 
miners,  as  a  class,  were  the  poorest  persons  in  the  State.  A  few,  of 
course,  had  acquired  fortunes,  but  thousands  who  had,  but  a  short 
time  previously  been  in  possession,  of  good  paying  claims  were  now 
barely  able  to  make  a  living.  It  is  a  mooted  question  as  to  why 
this  was,  and  in  what  respects  the  business  of  gold  mining  differed 
from  any  other  occupation. 

The  true  explanation  of  this  paradox,  in  my  opinion,  can  be 
traced  to  the  great  expense  attendant  upon  the  business,  and  to  the 
fact  that  the  outgo  continues  at  all  times,  while  little  or  nothing  is 
coming  in  ;  an  important  factor  being  also  an  excessive  freedom  in 
the  use  of  gold,  for  a  miner  who  has  a  paymg  mine  does  not  prac- 
tice habits  of  economy  ;  he  does  not  know  how,  and  if  he  ever  did 
it  has  slipped  his  memory. 

As  the  ravines,  gulches  and  small  creeks  were  now  worked  out, 
or  at  that  point  when  they  ceased  to  pay  sufficient  to  warrant  work- 
ing, they  were  entirely  abandoned.  This  gave  to  the  mining  re- 
gions a  very  desolate  appearance;  for  in  certain  locations  or  dis- 
tricts where  but  a  short  time  previous  all  was  life  and  animation, 
and  the  clatter  of  the  shovels  upon  the  tom  iron,  the  rush  of  water 
and  gravel  through  the  long  sluices,  and  the  laughter  and  jollity  of 
the  miners  at  work,  evidencing  the  fact  that  fair  wages  were  being 
made,  could  be  heard,  now  the  scene  was  changed  and  all  was  deso- 
late and  deserted.  The  numerous  old  cabins  scattered  around 
among  the  hills  were  silent,  and  tenantless,  too;  the  old  chimneys 
in  some  places  were  falling  to  the  ground,  and  young  pine  trees 
were  showing  themselves  among  the  ruins. 

But  again  the  scene  changes;  for  now  the  Asiatic  hordes,  who 
had  learned  of  the  great  wealth  to  be  acquired  here  in  so  easy  a 
manner,  were  on  their  way  to  honor  the  State  with  their  company, 
and  they  soon  flocked  into  the  mining  regions  in  swarms,  well  satis- 
fied to  work  over  the  old  abandoned  claims  left  and  deserted  by 
others.  They  were  welcomed  by  the  mining  community  with  open 
arms,  as  it  was  soon  discovered  that  the  Chinese  would  not  pre- 
empt, or  locate  any  new  mining  grounds,  desiring  only  to  buy  at  a 
fair  price  the  old  worked-out  claims  which  had  been  abandoned. 
Here  was  the  grand  opportunity  of  the  miner  to  re-locate  and  sell 
to  the  Mongolian  emigrant  these  old   mining  claims;  and  well  did 


I90  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

these  disciples  of  Contucius  merit  the  title  of  scavengers  of  the  min- 
ing regions,  for  many  of  the  old  claims  which  had  been  abandoned 
as  worthless,  were  not  so  in  fact,  as  it  was  soon  discovered  that 
from  many  of  them  the  Chinese  miners  were  taking  out  large 
amounts  of  gold. 

The  Chinese  method  of  working  a  mining  claim  differed  very 
materially  from  our  own,  being  of  a  more  systematic  character.  It 
was  their  practice  to  commence  and  take  everything  clean  as  they 
went,  leaving  not  an  inch  of  ground  behind  them  unworked.  They 
are  very  slow  workers  as  compared  with  other  races,  but  sure  and 
steady,  illustrating  by  their  success  in  working  these  old  claims 
the  truth  of  the  old  adage  that  it  is  the  steady  mill  that  grinds  the 
corn.  So  thorough  was  their  work,  that  it  would  be  entirely  useless 
and  a  waste  of  time  to  work  over  any  mining  grounds  that  have 
been  previously  worked  by  a  Chinese  company,  for  they  got  it  all. 

Some  attempts  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  the  Chinese  into  the 
mining  regions  by  levying  or  enforcing  the  previously  adopted 
"  Foreign  Miners'  Tax,"  were  made;  but  this  they  paid  without  a 
murmur,  and  in  many  cases  two  or  three  times  over,  for  it  was  often 
the  custom  of  some  to  go  among  them  with  fictitious  papers,  and 
collect  their  taxes  in  advance  of  the  regularly  licensed  collector. 

In  the  summers  of  '53-'54,  those  who  still  continued  in  the  occu- 
pation of  mining,  turned  their  attention  chiefly  to  river  and  hill 
mining,  returning  to  the  rivers  in  the  dry  season  and  to  their  hill 
claims  in  the  fall,  after  the  rivers  had  risen,  and  rendered  such  min- 
ing impracticable.  Tunnels  were  run  into  the  old  river  channels 
in  all  directions;  with  varying  success,  however,  some  being  a  per- 
fect failure,  whilst  from  others  fortunes  were  realized.  Among  the 
richest  of  these  were  the  forest  hill  claims,  where  was  found  the 
celebrated  blue  gravel  lead,  this  being  discovered  principally  amid 
the  ancient  river  beds,  in  the  central  and  northern  mining  regions 
of  the  State,  but  small  sections  of  it  ever  having  been  found  through 
the  southern  portions.  These  hill  claims  were  very  extensive,  and 
many  throughout  the  mining  regions,  upon  which  work  was  com- 
menced nearly  thirty-eight  years  ago,  are  yet  being  worked  with 
success.  The  same  manner  of  working  as  originally,  by  drifting,  is 
still  in  vogue,  although  the  gravel,  instead  of  being  washed  as  it 
was  at  that  time,  is  now  crushed  in  mills  in  the  same  manner  as 
quartz,  and  with  greater  profit.     Many  of  these  old  abandoned  hill 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  191 

claims,  from  which  the  gravel  had  been  previously  drifted,  were 
afterwards  washed  away  by  the  hydraulic  process,  with  good  suc- 
cess. 

This  process  of  mining  commenced,  I  think,  in  some  of  the 
mines  in  the  spring  of  '52,  and  such  was  found  to  be  the  great  ad- 
vantage of  the  method,  and  the  facility  with  which  whole  hills  could 
be  removed  from  their  foundations  and  carefully  and  evenly  de- 
posited among  the  farms  in  the  low  counties,  leaving,  of  course, 
the  gold  behind,  that  it  came  into  general  use  throughout  the  min- 
ing regions  wherever  sufficient  fall  and  water  could  be  obtained. 
Old  abandoned  mines  were  by  this.process  made  very  remunerative, 
as  was  the  case  also  with  many  ravines  and  flats  which  could  be 
washed  to  advantage,  without  regard  to  the  rights  of  those  who 
had  fenced  in  and  improved  their  garden  spots  with  fruit  trees, 
vines  and  flower-beds. 

It  was  the  general  opinion  of  the  great  majority  of  the  mining 
classes,  from  about  the  year  '51,  that  this  was  exclusively  a  mining 
country;  that  it  was  fit  for  nothing  else,  and  that  no  man  had  a 
right  to  question  this  opinion,  or  to  build  upon,  or  to  fence  in,  any 
portion  of  the  soil  for  any  other  purpose  whatsoever  for  his  own 
individual  use,  that  a  miner  was  bound  to  respect.  This  idea  yet 
exists  in  the  minds  of  many,  or  at  least  of  that  portion  w'ho  are  en- 
gaged in  hydraulic  mining,  for  in  their  opinion  the  business  of 
mining,  being  the  first  and  original  industry  of  the  country,  must 
have  precedence  over  all  other  kinds  of  business,  and  of  course  this 
priority  gives  them  the  right  to  fill  up,  cover  up,  and  destroy  the  pro- 
perty of  the  farmers  below  who  w'ere  foolish  enough  to  get  in  the 
way. 

It  was  some  time  during  the  early  spring  of  '52,  that  mining  men 
and  geologists  turned  their  attention  to  the  various  quartz  ledges 
which  were  found  projecting  above  the  surface  of  the  ground 
among  the  hills,  many  of  which,  upon  examination,  proved  to  be 
very  rich  in  gold.  The  opinion  soon  became  general,  and  a  well- 
demonstrated  fact,  that  all  gold  found  among  the  ravines,  flats,  hills 
and  river  beds,  came  originally  from  these  same  quartz  ledges,  and 
that  locked  within  the  solid  quartz,  in  the  finest  of  particles,  was  its 
original  condition.  In  consequence  of  volcanic  eruptions  and 
glacial  action  the  hills  and  ledges  had,  in  course  of  ages,  been 
broken   up  and   worn   away   to  their    present    elevation,  the  gold 


192  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

therefrom  having  been  scattered  by  the  force  of  the  rushing  waters 
among  the  ravines  and  river  beds,  where  it  is  now  found. 

In  '53  the  erection  of  quartz  mills  commenced,  and  soon  the 
crash  and  rattle  of  their  stamps  could  be  heard  echoing  among  the 
hills  and  cafions.  In  the  first  excitement  of  quartz  mining,  mills 
were  erected  upon  all  ledges  which  showed  the  least  appearance  of 
containing  gold,  but  it  was  soon  discovered  that  the  greater  portion 
of  them  did  not  pay  expenses.  The  consequence  was,  it  is  safe  to 
say,  that  hundreds  of  mills  were  idle  in  a  year  hence,  and  the  valu- 
able machinery  was  left  to  rust  and  decay.  In  the  case,  however, 
of  many  of  these  old  abandoned  ledges,  further  prospecting  at 
lower  depth  proved  them  to  be  of  value,  and  many  of  them  at  the 
present  time  are  being  worked  with  profit,  owing  to  the  improved 
methods  of  saving  the  gold. 

It  has  been  said  that  gold  mining  was  not  a  legitimate  business, 
and  that  the  intense  desire  for  gold  created  unnatural  conditions. 
But  observation  and  experience  show  us  that  the  happiness  of  the 
human  family,  as  well  as  the  grade  of  civilization  to  which  it  is 
possible  to  attain,  depends  upon  the  quantity  of  gold  which  it  is 
possible  to  acquire,  and  its  proper  use.  Without  gold  in  what  would 
life  consist  ?  »V' hat  would  be  its  chief  aim  and  consideration  ? 
Why,  there  wouldn't  be  any  aim  at  all,  for  there  wouldn't  be  any 
target  worth  the  aiming  at.  It  was  the  desire  to  possess  this  prec- 
ious metal  that  prompted  thousands  of  us  to  undertake  such  a  long> 
wearisome,  and  dangerous  journey  around  those  gigantic  obstruc- 
tions at  the  extreme  end  of  the  continent,  as  well  as  a  tedious  jour- 
ney across  the  barren  deserts.  It  is  this  desire,  also,  or  incentive, 
which  builds  our  great  cities,  our  great  manufacturing  industries, 
as  well  as  our  railroads  and  steamships  ;  proving  conclusively,  in  my 
opinion,  that  the  individual  who  first  invented  and  threw  to  the 
breeze  the  old  saying  that  money  makes  the  mare  go  understood 
the  whole  business. _ 

Hut  why  should  gold  in  such  vast  quantities  be  scattered  here 
upon  the  western  portion  of  our  continent,  and  why  was  Nature  so 
partial  in  the  distribution  of  her  favors?  Was  it  accidental,  the 
effect  of  chance  conditions,  or  was  it  designed  for  some  special  pur- 
pose ?  The  latter  is  the  more  reasonable,  and  therefore  the  more  prob- 
able, theory,  for  observation  shows  us  that  Nature  frowns  upon  un- 
balanced  conditions,  and  that  hert',  upon    the  western  slope  of  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  193 

continent,  lying  silent  and  deserted,  was  an  earthly  paradise,  un- 
thought  of,  and  as  yet  unknown  except  by  a  few,  while  at  the  East 
vast  numbers  were  settling  and  making  their  homes  amid  the  snow- 
banks and  blizzards  of  an  Arctic  climate,  totally  unconscious  of 
what  the  conditions  were  at  the  far  West,  beneath  the  setting  sun. 
Under  such  conditions  it  is  very  easy  to  understand  why  Nature 
frowns.  It  is  very  true,  as  we  had  been  previously  informed,  and 
rightly  too,  that  Westward  the  Star  of  Empire  takes  its  way  ;  yet, 
by  the  natural  process  of  settlement  it  would  have  required  hun- 
dreds of  years,  perhaps,  to  colonize  and  to  settle  up  this  portion  of 
o^r  continent,  and  properly  balance  the  conditions  of  increased 
population.  It  was  for  this  purpose,  no  doubt,  that  the  knowledge 
of  the  existence  of  gold  upon  the  western  portion  of  our  continent 
was  reserved  for  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  who  understood  its  real 
value  and  knew  how  to  use  it  as  an  incentive  for  the  proper  adjust- 
ment of  unbalanced  conditions  ;  and  we  have  come  as  the  pioneers 
of  an  advancing  civilization,  intending  to  grow  up  with  the  country 
and  to  use  our  best  endeavors  (by  all  legitimate  means)  to  restore 
the  equilibrium  by  an  increase  in  population. 

The  hills,  rivers  and  ravines  still  continued  to  give  forth  their 
valuable  treasure  ;  but  one  fact  was  very  evident,  and  that  was  that 
but  a  very  small  proportion  of  it  remained  in  the  mining  regions. 
There  was  a  continuous  current  of  gold  flowing  into  the  chief  city 
by  the  sea,  and  but  a  very  small  portion  of  it  returning  to  the  min- 
ers, who  by  their  labor  extracted  it  from  the  earth.  Business  men, 
also,  among  the  various  mining  camps  in  the  gold  regions,  who  had 
succeeded  in  accumulating  a  reasonable  amount,  followed  in  the 
wake  of  this  current  to  the  big  city,  there  to  use  and  spend  their 
earnings,  and  none,  or  at  least  but  a  very  few,  seemed  willing  to 
continue  to  live  in  and  improve  that  portion  of  the  country  where 
they  had  won  success. 

The  continuous  flow  of  gold  concentrated,  therefore,  in  the 
hands  of  comparatively  few  men,  and  San  Francisco  became  the 
head-center  for  all  comers  who  desired  to  secure  a  portion  of  the 
golden  stream.  And  now  the  city  which,  but  a  few  years  previous, 
was  a  mere  cluster  of  sand-hills,  began  to  assume  the  form  and  ap- 
pearance of  a  great  city,  or  the  foundation  upon  which  a  metrop^ 
olis  was  to  be  built. 

Throughout  the  dry  or   placer  mining  regions,  numercnis  townj 


194  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

and  villages  had  grown  up  which  in  a  few  years  assumed  con- 
ditions of  considerable  importance  under  the  impression  that  such 
mining  would  be  of  a  more  lasting  and  permanent  character.  It 
required  but  a  few  years,  however,  to  demonstrate  the  fact  that 
such  mining  was  of  a  transient  nature;  the  gold  in  the  ravines, 
gulches,  flats  and  benches,  as  well  as  in  the  small  and  shallow 
creeks,  was  soon  extracted,  what  was  left  by  the  American  miner  in 
his  hasty  and  careless  method  of  working  being  subsequently  thor- 
oughly cleaned  out  by  the  Chinese  miners.  These  sections  being 
now  almost  entirely  deserted  by  the  miners,  the  business  men  and 
families  in  the  towns  and  villages  were  forced  to  abandon  them, 
their  homes  and  property  soon  falling  into  decay. 

A  journey  through  these  deserted  and  now  silent  villages,  which 
but  a  few  short  years  previous  were  full  of  life  and  animation,  pre- 
sents to  the  mind  a  scene  which  can  only  be  paralleled  by  the  New 
Zealander  of  the  future,  sitting  upon  the  ruins  of  London  Bridge, 
speculating  upon  the  vicissitudes  and  the  uncertainties  of  human 
affairs,  especially  in  gold  mining,  and  further  illustrates  the  fact 
that  although  it  is  gold  itself  that  forms  the  great  incentive  for 
building  up  our  towns  and  cities,  yet  the  precious  metal  does  not 
possess  the  power  to  built  up,  or  improve,  the  portions  of  the.  coun- 
try in  which  it  is  found;  but  seemingly  produces  a  contrary  effect. 
It  was  for  these  reasons,  that  upon  the  placer  mines  being  worked 
out,  the  various  towns  and  villages  soon  went  to  decay;  the  coun- 
try presenting  a  very  desolate  and  deserted  appearance.  This 
desolation  would  have  increased  as  the  mines  became  exhausted,  and 
in  course  of  time  the  whole  mining  region  would  have  been  silent 
and  deserted,  but  for  the  important  discovery  having  been  made  that 
the  abandoned  mining  regions  possessed  a  value  for  agricultural 
purposes  far  superior,  of  a  more  permanent  character,  and  of  greater 
value  to  the  human  family  in  general  than  the  gold  beneath  the 
surface.  To  this  cause  can  be  attributed  the  change  in  the  course 
of  events,  as  well  as  the  character  of  the  country,  and  which  also 
will  in  time  be  the  means  ot  transforming  the  now  silent  and  de- 
serted portions  of  the  mining  regions  into  populous  and  thriving 
settlements. 

As  the  various  mines  became  exhausted  of  their  wealth,  and  the 
once  prosperous  villages  were  abandoned  and  left  to  decay,  the 
gambling  classes,  and  the  gentlemen  of  elegant  leisure   were  also 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


195 


196  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFOKXIA. 

forced  to  leave  for  other  more  populous  sections — the  greater  por- 
tion of  them  following  the  golden  current  to  the  head-centers  of 
population,  /.  c,  the  great  cities  below.  Many,  however,  abandoned 
their  calling,  and  becoming  desperate  engaged  in  the  business  of 
mining.  A  few,  however,  turned  their  attention  to  what  in  their 
opinion  seemed  the  most  remunerative,  and  most  in  accordance  with 
their  natures:  the}'  became  travelling  stage  agents,  upon  the  various 
routes  throughout  the  mining  regions;  inspecting  the  various 
coaches  which  they  met  in  lonesome  out-of-way  places.  When 
found  to  be  overloaded  with  a  larger  amount  or  weight  of  precious 
metal  than  the  law  allows  in  such  cases,  these  vehicles  would  be 
relieved  of  the  surplus,  and  in  many  cases  a  little  more  besides. 
The  greater  number  of  this  gentry  were,  however,  in  course  of  time 
captured  through  the  vigilance  of  certain  well-known  and  energetic 
detectives,  such  as  J.  Hume  and  a  few  others. 

In  a  fevy  short  years  the  placer  diggings  were  almost  entirely 
exhausted,  and,  as  before  mentioned,  the  annual  j-ield  of  gold  had 
been  somewhat  reduced  in  consequence  ;  but  the  yield  from  the 
ancient  river  beds  will,  no  doubt,  remain  a  constant  quantity  for 
many  long  years,  until  they  also  become  exhausted,  or  the  profits 
becoming  too  small  will  lead  to  their  abandonment,  and  ultimately 
fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Mongolian  race,  which  will,  doubtless, 
continue  working  them  for  the  next  three  hundred  years  at  least. 
Quartz  mining,  however,  is  of  a  different  nature,  and  in  consequence 
of  the  great  number  of  ledges  throughout  the  State,  as  well  as  the 
great  depth  in  which  gold-bearing  quartz  has  been  found,  many 
ages  will  be  required  to  entirely  exhaust  them,  amounting  doubtless 
to  hundreds  of  years,  or  as  long,  perhaps,  as  gold  is  used  for  the 
purposes  of  exchange. 

After  a  residence  here  among  the  hills  of  the  mining  regions  of 
six  or  seven  years'  duration,  we  had  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
the  peculiarities  of  the  climate  of  the  country,  the  time  of  the 
changes  of  its  seasons  from  wet  to  dry,  and  vice  versa,  and  we  found 
that  there  was  no  uniformity  in  the  various  changes,  and  no  possible 
manner  of  foretelling  what  the  following  winter  or  its  nature  would 
be  ;  whether  it  would  be  a  wet  or  a  dry  one,  or  what  the  nature  of 
the  following  dry  season  was  to  be.  No  two  seasons  were  alike> 
but  differed  in  many  respects  from  all  preceding  ones.  The  Indians, 
however,  pretended  to  have  discovered  a  means  of  forecasting  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF'  CALIFORNIA.  197 

nature  of  the  following  winters,  but  they  missed  it  occasionally.  It 
was  also  claimed  that  the  squirrels  were  endowed  with  foresight,  and 
would  lay  in  a  winter's  supply  accordingly.  These,  too,  missed  it 
occasionally,  from  which  fact  it  was  evident,  as  the  oldest  inhabi- 
tant was  forced  to  admit  upon  his  dying  bed,  that  no  sure  means  of 
prognosticating  the  future  condition  of  the  weather  in  California 
were  possible. 

The  rains  commenced  in  the  mining  regions  usually  about 
the  last  of  October,  and  continued  at  intervals  throughout  the 
season  until  on  or  about  April  loth,  and  occasionally,  with  a  few 
light  showers  thrown  in  as  good  measure,  up  to  the  20th.  These 
rainy  seasons  throughout  the  central  portion  of  the  mining  re- 
gions were  usually  warm  and  pleasant,  with  but  very  little  snow 
and  ice,  and,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  days  towards  the  last 
of  December,  mining  could  be  continued  throughout  the  year. 
The  dry  seasons,  in  some  localities,  were  very  hot  for  a  short 
time  during  July  and  August,  but  the  nights,  however,  in  the  hot- 
test of  weather  were  invariably  cool. 

The    orchards    and   vineyards   were    about   this    time   coming 
into  bearing,  demonstrating  the  fact  that  the  soil  was  well  adapted 
to  fruit  growing.      Many  of  the  ravines  and  fiats,    from  which  the 
soil    had    previously    been  washed    away  in  the    search    for    gold. 
were  by  means  of    brush    dams  again  filled    up  to  a  proper  level 
by  the  muddy  streams  from  mming  claims  higher  up,  and  convert- 
ed   into  rich  garden  spots,  giving  an  appearance    similar   to    the 
older,  settled  portions  of  our  country.     It    soon  became  apparent 
that    fruit  raising  could  be   made  remunerative,  and    hundreds    of 
miners  throughout  the  central  portions  of  the  mining  regions  turned 
their  attention  to   this  new  and  profitable  industry.     Orchards  and 
vineyards   in  a  few  short   years  could  be    found    bloommg    upon 
every  available  point  where  water  for  irrigation  could   be  obtained  ; 
upon   flats,  benches  and  slides,   and  even  in   some  cases  upon  the 
tops  of  the  highest  hills,  for  up  here  the  soil  was  of  a  lighter  char- 
acter and  better  adapted  to  the  vine  than  that  of  lower  and  colder 
localities.     The  long,  dr}'-  summer  seasons  here  are  well  adapted  to 
fruit  raising,  and  it  was  soon   found  that   tropical  fruits  would  ma- 
ture and  ripen  in  certain  well-protected  localities,  such,  for  instance, 
as  the  orange,  lemon  and  fig. 

Various  flowering  plants,  also,  which  in  much  lower  latitudes  of 


198  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

the  Atlantic  slope  can  only  be  raised  in  hot-houses,  are  here  an  or- 
dinary garden  plant,  and  but  very  seldom  injured  by  the  frosts  of 
spring.  The  long,  dry  summers  and  cloudless  skies  are  to  the  new 
comers  an  agreeable  contrast  with  those  at  the  Jilast,  and  for  a  few 
years  are  very  enjoyable,  but  in  time  become  monotonous  to  those 
who  were  born  and  raised  under  less  favorable  conditions  in  colder 
climates,  many  becoming  wearied  at  the  continuance  of  such  a  long 
and  cloudless  atmosphere,  which  in  some  seasons  embraces  a  per- 
iod of  eight  to  ten  months.  They  seem  to  pine  for  other  condi- 
tions, where  heavy  rains,  hailstorms  and  cyclones  are  frequent  and 
break  the  monotony  of  the  scene.  This  desire  for  a  change  is  a 
disease,  the  remedy  for  which  is  well  known,  for  many  who  have 
returned  to  their  Eastern  homes  to  be  cured  have  again  wended 
their  way  to  California,  perfectly  convalescent  after  spending  one 
short  year  away,  satisfied  and  content  and  willing  to  endure  the 
tedious  monotony  of  eight  long  months  beneath  the  cloudless  skies 
here,  rather  than  to  risk  an  unequal  contest  with  the  blizzards  and 
cyclones  of  an  Eastern  winter. 

The  mining  classes  are  usually  of  a  restless  nature  and  ready  to 
wander  forth  at  any  time  in  search  of  new  fields,  and  will,  as  it 
has  been  proved  in  the  earlier  experiences  of  Gold  Bluff,  Salmon 
and  the  Snake  River  excitement,  as  well  as  in  the  more  recent  dis- 
coveries of  Frazer  River,  British  Columbia  and  Montana,  abandon 
ranches  and  good  paying  mines,  carried  away  by  the  anticipation  of 
finding  away  yonder  rich  mines  and  better  pay  than  can  be  found 
nearer  home.  But  the  greater  portion  eventually  returii,  satisfied 
that  small  wages  at  home  are  better  than  searching  among  the 
mountain  ranges  of  other  sections  of  the  country  for  uncertainties. 
In  the  course  of  some  eight  years  from  the  first  discover)^  of  gold 
in  California,  the  entire  country,  extending  from  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico  on  the  south,  up  through  the  British  possessions  to  the 
Alaska  line  on  the  north,  and  as  far  as  the  Black  Hills  at  the  east, 
were  traveled  over  and  prospected  by  various  companies  of  miners 
who  were  in  search  of  another  Eldorado.  Although  many  rich 
localities  were  discovered  from  which  a  great  amount  of  gold  was 
extracted,  yet  the  mines  were  spotted,  the  gold  generally  at  a  great 
depth  and  confined  to  a  few  gulches  or  ravines  only,  demonstrating 
the  fact  that  no  other  portion  of  the  earth's  surface,  at  least  upon 
our  own  continent,  will  ever  be  discovered  where  the  gold  is  dis- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


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200  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

tributed  so  uniformly  over  the  surface  among  the  numerous  ravines, 
rivers  and  gulches,  and  in  such  immense  quantities,  as  was  found 
to  be  the  case  in  California.  In  fact,  I  doubt  the  existence  of  a 
similar  deposit  and  of  such  an  extent,  anywhere  upon  the  earth's 
surface.  Neither  has  there  been  so  far  discovered  anywhere  upon 
the  Pacific  Coast  mining  districts  that  contain  w'ithin  their  limits 
such  a  vast  number  of  quartz  ledges  bearing  free  gold  in  paying 
quantities,  as  can  be  found  in  the  mining  regions  of  California  at 
the  present  time. 

I  have  stated  that  the  majority  of  the  residents  of  California,  at 
least  in  the  mining  regions,  had  now  become  well  satisfied  with 
their  adopted  home,  and  intended  to  remain;  but  there  were  a  few, 
neverthless,  who  still  pined  for  their  Eastern  home,  for  various 
reasons.     For  instance. 

I  chanced  to  meet  a  family  one  day  upon  the  emigrant  road, 
evidently  upon  their  return  journey.  It  was  during  the  spring  of 
'57.  The  family  was  composed  of  an  old  man  and  his  wife,  the 
former  driving  a  yoke  of  cattle  hitched  to  a  regular  emigrant  wagon 
covered,  and  with  all  the  trimmings  usually  found  in  connection  with 
an  emigrant  team.  It  was  so  unusual  to  see  a  team  of  this  descrip- 
tion headed  for  the  East  that,  from  curiosity,  I  inquired  of  them 
whither  they  were  bound: 

"  Wall,  stranger,"  the  old  man  replied,  "  me  an'  the  ole  woman 
air  a-gwine  away  from  hyar.  We  air  on  the  homestretch  to  ole 
Missouri  agin,  whar  we  cum  frum  nigh  on  ter  ten  years  ago." 

He  explained  further,  that  many  years  before  he  and  his  wife 
had  become  imbued  with  a  desire  to  retire  to  some  secluded  place, 
to  live  in  solitude  away  from  the  noise  and  confusion  of  society, 
and  where,  as  he  said: 

"  We  cud  jest  enj'y  outsels,  an'  raise  lots  o'  chickens  without 
interferin'  with  anybody." 

So  they  moved  away  out  West,  and  made  their  home  in  solitude 
upon  the  frontier. 

"Wall  stranger  that  wus  a  rale  quiet  place  out  thar  fur  a  spell; 
but  jest  as  soon  as  they  diskivered  gold  out'n  California,  the  j  ig  were 
up,  fer  all  them  chaps,  who  wus  a-goin'  thar,come  right  along  my  way, 
and  just  shoved  that  air  frontier  of  ourn  right  along  ahead  of  'em 
t'ards  the  West.  So  one  mornin'  Nancy  ses  to  me,  ses  she,  'Hiram! 
Hiram!  ef  we  air  a-gwine  to  enj'y  a  solitude  along  with  a   frontier 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


202  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

we  mus'  git  away  from  hyer,  t'ards  the  West,  and  git  a  leetle  ahead 
of  all  them  fellers.'  '  Thet's  so  Nancy,'  ses  I,  'an'  ef  you  back  pu 
ther  duds,  I'll  call  ther  chickens,  hitch  up  ther  team  an'  load  ther 
wagin,  and  we'll  git  ahead  on  'em  and  diskiver  another  frontier 
somewhar.'  But  durn  my  buttons,  stranger,  we've  been  tryin'  to  git 
a  leetle  ahead  on  'em  ever  sence.  But  'taint  no  use.  We  thot  we 
hed  struck  a  frontier  in  Californy  agin'  fur  sartin,  when  we  fust  got 
thar;  but  one  mornin'  arter  we  hed  hed  a  long  wet  spell,  the  fust 
thing  I  seen  when  I  got  up  wus  a  steamboat  right  in  ther  back-yard. 
So  ses  I,  '  Nancy,  Nancy,  hyer  they  air  jest  a  comin'  agin'.  So  we 
loaded  our  traps  in  the  wagin,  and  went  over  ther  mountains  whar 
the  ocean  is,  an'  we  jest  thot  that  we  hed  got  it  now  fur  shure;  fur 
hyer  was  a  sort  o'  a  nat'ral  frontier  that  wouldn't  stan'  any  pushin'. 
So  we  ontied  the  chickens  an'  got  ready,  kind  o'  hum  like,  when 
one  mornin'  we  heerd  the  awflest  n'ise,  and  wen  we  went  out,  durned 
if  thar  wern't  a  saw-mill  right  back  of  our  chicken  house,  an'  they 
were  jest  buildin'  'nother  one»'cross  the  creek,  and  some  ships  was 
a-sailin'  along  in  frum  ther  ocean  to  load  up  ther  lumber.  Now 
Nan'cy  never  did  like  saw-mills.  Sed  she'd  ruther  hear  it  thunder 
enny  day,  'cause  the  sawin'  n'ise  sets  her  teeth  on  aidge  so.  On'y 
she  haint  got  a  nat'ral  tooth  in  her  hed  annyhow." 

"  Well,"  said  I,  "where  did  you  go  next?" 

"  Wall,  the  old  lady  replied,  "  we  thot  we  mought  try  it  further 
north  fur  a  spell,  so  we  moseyed  'long  up  thru  Oregin,  an'  'way 
off  up  inter  Idyho  ;  whar  we  foun'  a  frontier  at  las',  fur  sartin.  An' 
I  reckon  'twill  stay  thar  fur  a  spell,  too.  We  stayed  on't  a  hull 
year,  but  had  to  git  off  on't  agin  on  'count  of  ther  chickens.'' 

I  asked  her  the  reason. 

"Oh,  shucks,"  she  replied,  "a  sawmill  was  nothin'  t'  ther  racket 
up  thar,  an'  I'll  tell  ye  how  it  wuz.  Yer  see,  in  ther  winter  'tis 
tornal  cold,  an'  ther  roosters  couldn't  crow,  fur  yer  see  jest  as  they 
'gun  to  crow  it  all  fruz  harder'n  a  icicle,  so  jest  soon's  spring's 
thaw  cum  on,  why  all  their  crowin's  thet  wuz  fruz  in  ther  winter 
'gun  t'  chirp,  and  sich  a  crowin'  time  ye  never  heerd  in  all  yer  born 
days.  An'  fur  mor'n  two  weeks  me  nur  Hiram  didn't  sleep  bles- 
sed wink.  Well,  stranger,  we  jist  packed  up  agin,  and  thot  we'd 
try  the  southern  kintry,  'mong  th'  cactuses  in  th'  sandy  desert 
down  in  Aryzony.  Frum  ther  looks  o'  things  down  thar  we  thot 
mebbe  we'd  be  'way  frum 'em  all  and  hev  the  frontier  all  to  our- 


THE  ARJOXAUrS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  203 

selves,  but  we  wuz  hasty,  though.  One  mornin'  Hi  run,  and  sez  he, 
'Nancy,  Nancy!  'taint  no  use.'  They  wuz  comin'agin  sure 'nuff; 
fur  'way  up  'n  ther  valley  we  cud  see  th'  dus"  a-risin',  and  we 
knowed  what  that  meant  ;  and  now  yer  see  we  air  jest  a  moseyin' 
back  to  ole  Missouri  agin." 

*' Yaas,"  says  Hiram,  "  the  kintry's  gittin'  to  be  no  'count,  an' 
purty  soon  thar  won't  be  a  mite  o'  frontier  lef,  fur  they  air  just  a- 
crowdin'  on't  way  down  inter  Mex'co,  an'  'twon't  be  long  'fore 
they'll  be  a-tryin'  ter  chuck  it  'way  up  over  inter  Kanady.  Yer 
can't  fin'  enny  solertude  now  anywhar." 

"Nary  a  solertude,"  says  Nancy.  "  Fur 'tis  jest  fizz  !  buzz! 
buzz  !  geerat !  whang  !  slang  !  kerbang  !  all  over  ther  hull  blessed 
kintry.  Now  we'll  go  back  to  ole  Missoury  agin,  whar  we  kin  git 
suthin'  fit  ter  eat,  anyhow,  an'  we'll  try  an'  stub  thru  ther  rest  o' 
our  days  'thout  enny  frontier  in  our'n." 

I  asked  the  oUl  lady  if  she  could  not  find  anything  fit  to  eat  in 
California. 

"  Oh,  yaas,  sich  as  'tis  ;  but  nuthin'  ter  wat  Vv'e  kin  git  in  Mis- 
soury," she  replied. 

AVhen  I  inquired  of  her  what  it  was  that  she  could  get  to  eat 
there  that  was  so  much  better  than  anything  to  be  found  in  Califor- 
nia, she  answered, 

"  Wall,  stranger,  yer  never  ett  poke-greens'n  bacon  down  in 
Missoury,  fur  if  yer  hed  yer  never  wud  a-ax'd  sich  a  question." 

I  asked  the  old  man  what  he  thought  of  California,  anyhow. 

"  Wall,"  he  replied,  "  'tis  a  big  kintry,  and  I  tell  yer  'twon't  be 
long  afore  ther'll  be  a  powerful  heap  er  folks  a-livin'  all  over,  thick- 
er'n  rats  in  Sacrymenty  City"  ("  Yaas,  or  fleas  in  San  Frixo,"  in- 
terjected Nancy),  "  but  when  yer  cum  to  talk  about  yer  climate, 
there  aint  none  t'compare  with  climate  in  ole  Missoury.  W'y,  jest 
think  on't,  stranger,  ten  an'  'leven  months  o'  sunshine  in  Californy 
an'  no  show  fer  a  pore  man  to  get  a  minit's  res',  an'  every  mornin' 
'long  'bout  daylight,  yer  jes'  hear  the  ole  gal  a-chirpin',  '  Cum,  cum. 
Hi,  git  up  thar  !  the  sun's  a-risin'  clare,  and  yer  got  a  heap  er  work 
ter  do,  yer  know.'  No,  stranger,  I  couldn't  stan'  it ;  so  we'll  go 
back  to  ole  Missoury,  live  on  poke-greens'n  bacon, 'n  hev  a  show 
wen  it  rains  t'  talk  politics  with  ther  boys  outen  ther  corn  crib,  or 
take  a  nap  with  ole  Boz  in  ther  chimney  corner  fer  a  spell.  It's  so 
drefful  cheerin'  like  in  ole  age." 


CHAPTER    XIV. 


The  Discovery  of  Silver  in  Nevada — The  Stage  Road — Hank 
Monk — Road  Agents — The  Parson — The  Stool  Pigeon — 
Spirits — The  Boys  Who  Captured  the  Thief — A  Young  Dick 
Turpin — The  Irishman  and  the  Road  Agent. 

ABOUT  the  year  1858  occurred  another  very  important  event  in 
the  history  of  mining  upon  the  Pacific  coast,  this  being  the 
discovery  of  silver  mines  in  the  State  of  Nevada.  The  mines  of 
Cahfornia  contain  gold  principally,  but  small  quantities  of  silver  be- 
ing found,  and  in  a  few  locations  only  mines  of  copper,  although, 
except  in  a  few  cases,  not  in  paying  quantities.  In  the  State  adjoin- 
ing, however,  upon  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Nevada  range,  the  rule 
was  reversed,  the  principal  character  of  the  ore  being  of  silver,  but 
small  quantities  of  gold  having  been  so  far  discovered. 

The  excitement  throughout  the  mining  regions  was  intense,  and 
thousands  could  be  seen  upon  the  var.ous  roads  on  their  way  to  the 
new  Eldorado.  Hundreds  deserted  their  ranches,  miners  forsaking 
their  claims,  and  business  men  and  mechanics  also  joining  in  the 
almost  univeisal  stampede.  At  the  commencement  of  the  silver 
m>ining  industry  it  could  not,  for  the  want  of  proper  machinery  and 
facilities  for  working  the  ores,  be  reduced  or  worked  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  and  it  therefore  became  neccessary  to  export  it  to  other  por- 
tions of  the  country  for  the  purpose.  The  ore  was  packed  in  sacks, 
jjiaced  upon  the  backs  of  mules,  and  in  this  manner  transported 
across  the  mountains  to  San  Francisco,  from  whence  it  was  shipped 
to  the  various  reduction  works  in  New  Jersey,  or  to  Swansea, Wales.  In 
a  short  time,  long  trains  of  mules  heavily  laden  with  the  valuable 
silver  ore  could  almost  daily  be  seen  wending  their  way  slowly  but 
surely  among  the  rocks  and  over  steep  declivities  of  the  mountains, 
destined  for  the  sea  coast. 

The  roads  through  the  mining  regions  were  rough,  and  across 
the  mountains  steep  and  precipitous,  it  being  almost  impossible  to 

-'(14 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  205 

convey  freight  or  supplies  into  the  silver  mines,  except  u|)on  the 
backs  of  mules.  This  state  of  affairs  was  soon  changed,  however, 
for  roads  were  immediately  commenced,  starting  from  a  point  a  few 
miles  above  Placerville,  a  system  of  toll  roaas  being  constructed 
across  the  mountains  nearly  one  hundred  miles  in  extent.  The 
completion  of  these  roads  changed,  in  a  short  time,  the  character  of 
the  silver  mining  industry;  for  by  means  of  them,  all  the  nec- 
cessary  machinery  for  working  the  rich  ores  could  easily  be  trans- 
ported across  the  mountains  from  the  foundries  and  work  shops  of 
San  Francisco. 

Soon  were  seen  long  trains  of  heavily  laden  wagons,  drawn  by 
mules,  containing  an  endless  assortment  of  iron  wheels,  pulleys, 
boilers,  smoke-stacks  and  enormous  f^y-wheels,  as  well  as  all  of  the 
various  tools  and  parts  of  machinery  necessary  for  the  working  of 
the  mines.  Heavily  loaded  "schooners"  also,  drawn  in  some  in- 
stances by  twelve  large  mules,  could  often  be  seen  in  large  num- 
bers stringing  along  the  road  for  miles,  laden  with  household  goods, 
hardware,  groceries  and  provisions  for  the  use  of  the  vast  numbers 
who  had  congregated  there  and  were  engaged  in  mining,  prospect- 
ing, and  also  inlaying  foundations  of  the  principal  town,  Virginia 
City. 

These  toll  roads  were  grand  affairs;  broad,  smooth  and  as  hard 
as  a  floor,  for  they  were  kept  well  watered  by  regular  water  carts, 
which  being  filled  from  the  numerous  springs  by  the  roadside,traveI- 
ed  back  and  forth,  sprinkling  them  thoroughly.  This  road,  during 
the  dry  season  and  when  not  encumbered  by  heavy  snows  upon  the 
summit  of  the  mountains,  for  several  years  presented  the  appearance 
of  a  busy  street  in  some  cities.  Men  on  foot,  and  vehicles  of  all 
descriptions,  were  continually  passing  in  one  direction  or  the  other. 
For  the  convenience  of  this  immense  trafific,  houses,  barrooms  and 
way  stations  for  the  accomodation  of  teamsters  and  travelers,  were 
necessary  and  numerous,  being  situated  but  a  short  distance  apart 
along  the  entire  length  of  the  road.  Some  of  them  were  fine  and 
costly  buildings,  while  others,  again,  were  of  the  cheapest  character 

This  also  was  the  regular  stage  road,  from  Sacramento  City 
through  Placerville.  During  the  summers  of  '58-'59  the  travel  over 
this  stage  route  was  very  heavy,  and  for  a  greater  portion  of  the  time 
two  and  three  stages  loaded  with  passengers  left  Placerville  daily  for 
the  silver  mines.     To  drive  a  stage  upon  this  route  the  most  expert 


2o6  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

drivers  were  required;  sober  and  steady  men  who  had  great  presence 
of  mind,  for  upon  these  qualities  the  lives  of  a  load  of  passengers, 
numberhig  in  some  instances  as  many  as  eighteen  or  twenty  persons^ 
depended,  and  among  them  would  always  be  found  a  few  ladies  and 
children.  The  horses  used  were  usually  of  a  Spanish  mustang 
breed,  the  wheelers  generally  being  old  and  steady  American  horses. 
Six  horses  was  the  usual  number  required,  and  the  leaders  being,  as 
was  often  the  case,  only  half  broken,  untamed  mustangs,  it 
required  drivers  who  thoroughly  understood  their  business. 

Among  these  experienced  drivers,  and  the  most  prominent,  was 
the  one  who  brought  Horace  Greeley  through  on  time,  Hank  INlonk, 
and  who  had  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most  expert  drivers 
on  the  coast;  he  died  recently  in  Carson  City.  Hank  Monk  was 
what  is  termed  among  stage  men  a  lucky  driver,  seldom  meeting 
with  an  accident  and  no  passenger  ever  havmg  been  injured  who 
rode  with  him.  If  an  accident  ever  did  happen  to  him  upon  his 
route,  he  kept  cool,  puffed  his  cigar,  and  kept  his  own  counsel. 

A  passenger,  who  on  one  occasion  occupied  an  outside  seat,  re- 
lates that  in  descending  the  steep  grade  from  the  mountain  side  into 
Carson  Valley,  and  when  within  about  a  half-mile  of  the  foot  of  the 
grade,  the  brake  bar  gave  way.  The  stage,  with  it's  load  of  passen- 
gers, rolled  forward  upon  the  wheelers,  but  Hank  took  an  extra  turn 
of  the  line  around  his  hands,  held  his  cigar  firmly  between  his 
clenched  teeth,  and  speaking  quietly  to  his  mustang  leaders  said, 
"  Gerlang  !  gerlang  !"  and  they  certainly  did,  for  never  in  the  his- 
tory of  staging  was  faster  time  made  down  that  or  any  other  grade. 
The  passenger  sitting  beside  him  became  frightened  and  started  to 
jump,  but  Monk  said,  "  Set-  still  !  "  which  fortunately  for  him  he 
did.  The  passengers  inside  were  frightened  at  the  rate  of  speed 
with  which  the  descent  was  being  made,  and  not  knowing  the  cause 
of  it  naturally  supposed  that  some  accident  had  happened  to  the 
driver.  One  of  them,  therefore,  upon  thrusting  his  head  out  of  the 
window  to  reconnoitre,  met  the  smiling  contenance  of  Monk,  and 
quieted  the  fears  of  his  fellow  passengers  by  remarking: 

"We  are  making  pretty  fast  time;  but  Hank  Monk  has  hold  of 
the  lines,  and  it's  all  right  anyhow." 

The  running  wild  mustangs  were  guided  safely  to  the  level  valley 
below,  and  brought  to  a  standstill  in  front  of  the  hotel  for  lunch. 
When  asked  by  some  of  the   passengers  why  he  drove  so  furiously 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


207 


IVF.    'II-\'F.    FOR    I.UNCH. 


2o8  7  HE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

down    that   grade,  he  replied  that  he  was  a  httle  behindhand  for 
lunch,  that  was  all. 

There  were  other  stage-drivers  also  who  drove  upon  this  moun- 
tain road,  although  not  so  well  known  perhaps  as  Monk,  yet  who 
had  high  reputations  as  expert  drivers.  Among  them  were  Watson 
and  Nelson.  There  was  another  one,  who,  if  not  so  expert  as  a  driver, 
and  possibly  did  not  acquire  so  great  a  notoriety  in  the  business  as 
others,  at  least  when  alive,  created  a  greater  astonishment  at  death, 
and  this  was  Charley,  the  noted  stage-driver  who  had  followed  the 
business  of  stage  driving  for  some  years  upon  various  roads  through- 
out the  State,  and  upon  whose  death,  which  occurred  only  recently, 
it  was  discovered  that  the  noted  stage-driver  was  a  woman. 

It  could  hardly  be  expected  that  a  well-traveled  road  like  this, 
over  which  so  much  treasure  was  being  transported,  and  where  so 
many  teamsters  were  returning  with  their  freight  money  about  them, 
should  be  free  from  the  inquisitive  eye  of  the  road  agent,  although 
it  was  for  a  while.  The  temptation,  however,  in  a  short  time  became 
too  great,  and  the  unusual  facilities  for  operating  this  species  of  in- 
dustry rendered  the  conditions  such  that  it  followed  from  necessity. 
The  business  of  certain  classes  of  the  sporting  fraternity  among 
the  small  towns  of  the  mining  regions,  had  at  this  time  become 
almost  entirely  destroyed,  and  many  of  them  in  their  desperation 
had  actually  gone  to  work.  But  with  the  opening  of  this  new  road, 
with  its  immense  travel  and  unusual  facilities,  other  opportunities 
of  a  little  better  nature  than  hard  work  were  brought  into  existence; 
and  the  result  was  that  many  availed  themselves  of  them.  Teamsters 
were  robbed  of  their  well-earned  freight  money;  travelers  on  foot, 
on  horseback,  and  under  all  conditions,  were  relieved  of  their  sur- 
plus at  all  points,  and  at  all  hours  of  the  day  or  night. 

It  was  often  amusmg,  as  well  as  very  instructive,  to  stop  by 
chance  at  some  large  hotel  where  a  number  of  travelers  and  team- 
sters had  put  up  for  the  night,  and  hear  their  stories  of  how  they 
were  ordered  to  stop  and  pungle  by  these  knights  of  the  road. 

It  happened  upon  one  occasion  that  I  stopped  for  the  night  at 
Yank's  Hotel  in  Lake  Valley,  There  were  about  forty  teamsters 
stopping  over  for  the  night,  and  they  commenced  relating  their  ex. 
periences.  Several  had  been  relieved  of  their  freight  money  quiet 
recently,  and  they  explained,  in  very  graphic  language,  just  where, 
when,  and  how  it  was  done.    One  teamster  present  was  called  by  his 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


209 


2IO  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

brother  teamsters  "  Big  George,"  and  well  he  merited  the  name, 
for  he  was  a  large,  powerful  man,  and  drove  a  twelve-mule 
bell  team.  He  made  it  his  boast  that  these  chaps  on  the  road 
knew  enough  to  let  him  alone,  for  up  to  this  time  he  had  never  been 
troubled  by  them  ;  but,  singularly  enough,  upon  his  return  from 
this  very  trip  he  was  robbed  of  his  freight  money,  amounting  to 
something  over  ;$5oo.  On  his  way  home  he  took  the  Dutch  Flat 
road,  and  was  robbed  within  half  a  mile  of  the  town  of  MarysviUe. 

By  coincidence,  about  two  weeks  later  the  same  crowd  of  team- 
sters, including  "  Big  George,"  I  being  present  also,  met  again  at 
the  same  hotel  in  Lake  Valley  for  the  night,  and  now  the  remark  of 
"  Ah,  George,  they  know  enough  to  let  me  alone  !  "  would  be  heard 
from  various  ones.  After  hearing  this  repeated  a  number  of 
times,  George  said  that  he  would  give  up,  they  were  too  much  for 
him.  and  upon  request  he  gave  a  very  graphic  description  of  the 
whole  affair.  He  stated  that  when  he  was  within  sight  of  the  town^ 
which  was  visible  a  short  distance  ahead,  it  was  about  sundown  and  he 
was  seated  away  up  in  his  accustomed  place  upon  his  sheepskin, 
and  that  just  as  the  wagon  was  opposite  a  great  boulder  which  had 
slid  down  from  the  bank  above  partly  obstructing  the  road,  a  little 
bit  of  a  black-eyed  cuss,  who  wasn't  much  bigger  than  a  good  sized 
cud  of  tobacco,  jumped  from  behind  it,  and  placing  his  foot  upon 
the  hub  of  the  forward  wheel,  at  the  same  time  pointing  the  muzzle 
of  an  immense  revolver  up  towards  George,  commanded  him  to  stop 
the  team. 

"Well,  boys,  I  stopped  them,"  said  George,  "but  at  the  same 
time  I  put  my  hand  upon  my  revolver,  which  was  lying  all  cocked 
and  ready  for  business  right  under  the  sheepskin.  He  knew  pretty 
well  what  I  was  going  down  there  after,  you  bet,  so  he  jumped  on 
the  hub  of  the  wheel  and  shoved  his  howitzer  close  up  to  my  eyes 
and  right  down  into  the  barrel  I  could  see  the  big  leaden  balls. 
They  appeared  to  me  to  be  as  big  as  my  fist,  and  just  squirming  to 
get  at  me.  Says  he,  '  Take  your  hand  off  of  that,'  and  I  did.  Then 
the  little  cuss,  says  he,  '  Put  your  purse  into  my  hand.'  At  the 
same  time  extending  it  up  towards  me." 

"  Well,  George,  what  did  you  do  then  ?  "  some  one  asked. 

"I  just  kept  my  eye  down  in  the  barrel  of  that  six  pounder, 
took  out  my  purse  from  under  the  sheepskin  carefully  and  tenderly, 
for  I  did  hate  to  give  it  up  to  such  a  little  insignificant  squib  as  he 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


211 


213  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

was,  but  'twas  no  use.  1  just  reached  over  and  laid  it  gently  into 
his  hand,  like  a  little  man.  He  jumped  down,  thanked  me  kindly, 
and  remarked  as  it  was  getting  late  I  had  better  hurry  up  or  I  would 
lose  vs\y  supper." 

Many  were  the  incidents  related  by  these  teamsters  of  their  va- 
rious experiences  with  the  road  agents  and  how  they  escaped,  for 
at  this  time  many,  for  fear  of  robbery,  would  express  their  money 
over,  or  take  in  its  stead  a  check  which  they  would  have  cashed  in 
San  Francisco  or  in  Sacramento  City  upon  their  return  home. 

A  gentleman  was  driving  a  buggy  on  his  way  from  Dutch  Flat 
to  Virgmia  City,  when,  near  his  destination,  he  was  stopped  by  a 
man;  a  pistol  was  presented,  and  t.he  usual  formalities  were  gone 
through  with  as  is  necessary  in  such  cases.  The  gentleman  handed 
over  a  $20  gold  piece,  at  the  same  time  remarking  that  he  was  very 
sorry,  but  that  was  all  he  happened  to  have  with  him.  He  noticed 
in  handing  it  over  to  the  road  agent  that  the  latter  appeared  to  be 
very  nervous  and  frightened,  and  he  remarked  to  him  that  he  be- 
lieved he  was  new  to  the  business.  The  agent  answered  that  he  was 
and  that  it  was  his  first  offense,  and  that  he  only  did  it  from  abso- 
lute necessity.  Upon  being  further  questioned,  he  stated  that  he 
had  worked  for  a  whole  year  in  a  livery  stable  as  hostler  in  a  town 
not  far  away  ;  that  the  livery  stable  keeper  failed,  and  he  never  re- 
ceived a  single  dollar.  Upon  further  inquiry  it  was  learned  that  he 
had  a  young  wife  and  two  small  children  living  in  the  State  of 
Ohio. 

"  They  are  really  suffering,  and,  by  George,"  he  said,  "  I  was 
determined  to  raise  money  somehow  to  send  them." 

The  gentleman  then  informed  him  that  he  himself  kept  a  livery 
stable,  and  promised  to  give  him  a  good  job  if  he  would  get  into  the 
buggy  with  him.  After  some  persuasion  he  did  so,  and  it  was  after- 
wards stated  that  he  proved  to  be  a  faithful  and  competent  man,  re- 
maining there  in  the  Samaritan's  employ  for  nearly  four  years,  and 
the  gentleman  never  stated  the  facts  of  the  case  until  after  the  host- 
ler had  returned  to  his  family  in  the  East. 

There  were  numerous  incidents  of  a  similar  character  constantly 
occurring  on  this  road. 

A  tall,  lean  and  lank  specimen  of  a  Downeaster,  who  was  en- 
gaged in  minmg,  was  very  leisurely  walking  along  the  road  one 
Sunday  afternoon  on  his  way  home. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


213 


He  had  been  out  visiting  among  some  of  his  lady  acquaintances 
and  was  dressed  in  the  regulation  store-clothes  style  ;  in  place 
of  a  collar,  however,  he  wore  a  plain  white  handkerchief  for  a  neck- 
tie. In  consequence  of  a  close  resemblance  to  a  certain  minister  of 
the  gospel  who  frequently  visited  that  part  of  the  country,  he  was 
called  by  all  his  acquaintances  "  the  parson."  All  at  once  one  of 
these  polite  road  agents  stepped  out  from  behind  a  tree,  and,  pre- 
senting his  weapon,  demanded  the  "  parson's"  money  instantly,  or 
off  would  come  the  top  of  his  head.  Now,  the  parson  was  totally 
unprepared  for   such  an    encounter,  and  as  he  had  in  his  pocket  a 


THE    ROAD    AGENT    OUTWITTED. 

purse  containing  about  $250,  which  he  didn't  like  to  part  with  with- 
out a  struggle,  the  question  suggested  itself  at  once  as  to  how  he 
could  save  it.  An  idea  occurred  to  him,  and  the  fact  of  his  being 
called  a  parson  could  now  be  made  good  use  of,  since  he  was  well 
aware  that  he  very  much  resembled  one.  Especially  was  this  true 
when  dressed  up  with  his  old-fashioned  black  coat  and  his  white 
necktie,  and  they  saved  him.  He  replied  to  the  demand  in  a  drawl- 
ing tone,  that  unfortunately  the  profession  in  which  he  was  engaged 
didn't  enable  him  to  carry  about  much  money,  but  that  he  had  a 
prayer-book  which  might  be  sold  for  a  trifle,  at  the  same  time  putting 
his  hand   into  his  coat  pocket  for  the  book.     The  agent,  ordering 


214  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.       . 

him  to  take  his  hand  from  his  pocket,  again  repeated  his  demand,  or 
off  would  come  his  nead  and  at  once,  if  he  didn't  hand  over.  Then 
says  the  parson,  in  his  drawhng  style  : 

"  If  I  must  go  hence,  first  let  me  pray,  won't  ye?  "  at  the  same 
time  kneeling  down  in  the  proper  attitude. 

The  road  agent,  being  now  satisfied  that  he  had  sure  enough 
struck  a  genuine  parson,  turned  in  disgust  and  remarked  as  he  went 
away  : 

"  Oh,  pray  away  all  night,  if  you  like,  and  be  d d  ! " 

But  this  little  incident,  like  many  others  which  often  occur 
among  the  parsons,  has  a  sequel. 

Some  four  years  later,  in  Sacramento  City,  the  parson  and  some 
of  his  acquaintances  were  enjoying  themselves  as  miners  usually 
do  when  visiting  the  large  cities  in  the  barroom  of  one  of  the 
hotels.  During  the  course  of  the  evening,  a  well-dressed  man,  who 
seemed  to  be  serving*  in  some  capacity  in  the  hotel,  took  him  by  the 
arm  to  one  side,  and  asked  him  if  he  ever  lived  up  on  the  toll-road 
a  few  miles  above  Placerville.  The  parson  replied  that  he  did,  and 
that  his  residence  was  in  a  canon  near  the  road,  where  he  was  at 
present  mining.     The  man  then  asked  : 

"You  were  a  minister    some  four  or  five  years  ago,  were  you 

not  ?  -" 

"  Why,  no,  I  wern't  at  all  ;  they  only  called  me  parson  because 
I  looked  so  much  like  one.  But  say,  stranger,  why  do  you  ask  me 
these  questions  ?  " 

"  Well,  because  when  that  road  agent  demanded  your  money, 
you  remember  you  said  you  were  a  preacher,  and  got  right  down 
in  the  dust  to  pray." 

'<  Yaas,  I  know  that ;  but  you  see  that  chap  got  the  drop  on  me, 
and  as  I  had  no  weapon  with  me  I  was  bound  to  save  about  |;25o 
that  I  had  in  my  pocket." 

"  Well,"  says  the  man,  "  and  you  did  it  well,  too." 

"  Why,"  Yank  asks. 

''Why?  because  I  was  the  chap  who  was  concerned  in  that  little 
funny  business." 

"The  h 1  you  was  !  why,  you  don't  say  so  !  really  though  ?" 

<<  Yes,  sure.  You  see  I  was  on  the  way  home  from  the  other  side 
and  was  dead  broke,  and  I  just  thought  to  myself,  now  here  is  a  good 
chance.     It  was  my  first  and  last  trial  in  the  business,  for  the  idea 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA.  215 

of  robbing  a  country  preacher  broke  me  all  up.      ])o  )-ou  notice  that 
I  am  now  bald-headed  ?  " 

•'  ^Vhy,  yes,"  answered  the   parson  ;  "  what's  the  matter?" 

The  man  replied.  "  I  was  so  disgusted  with  myself  that  I  shed 
my  hair  all  out  on  the  way  home.'' 

*' Well,  I'll  be  doll  garned  !  "  exclaimeil  the  parson.  "  Let's  go 
and  take  suthin'." 

And,  by  the  way,  this  reminds  me  of  another  incident  of  a  simi- 
lar nature,  where  the  principal  actor  could  not  resist  a  good  chance. 

The  robberies  or  attempts  to  rob  became  so  frequent  within  a 
few  miles  of  town,  that  it  was  very  evident  that  the  men  engaged  in 
the  business  were  a  part  of  the  sporting  class,  with  which  the  town  at 
this  time  was  filled.  They  would  go  up  the  road,  leaving  town  late 
at  night,  and  return  before  daylight.  Many  were  suspected,  but  for 
want  of  evidence  they  could  not  be  arrested.  The  sheriff,  equa'  to 
the  emergency,  employed  a  man  who  had  himself  been  in  that  bus- 
iness in  some  other  quarter  of  the  globe  but  who  had  reformed,  to 
act  as  a  spy  or  stool  pigeon  ;  to  go  out  upon  the  road  at  night  and 
endeavor  to  recognize  some  of  these  sporting  chaps. 

On  the  day  following,  an  old  gentleman  complained  at  the  sher- 
iff's office  of  having  been  stopped  upon  the  road  and  robbed  of  quite 
a  sum  of  money,  and  remarked  that  he  believed  that  he  could  recog- 
nize the  chap  if  he  could  see  him,  as  it  was  not  a  very  dark  night. 
Just  at  this  moment  our  stool  pigeon,  or  highway  detective,  entered 
the  door.  The  old  gentleman  took  a  good,  square  look  at  him,  and 
exclaimed  : 

"  There  !  There  !     That's  the  chap  who  robbed  me  !  " 

The  sheriff  said  to  him  : 

"  Tom,  did  you  rob  this  man  ?  " 

"  Oh,  yes,"  he  replied,  "  and  here  is  the  money,"  at  the  same  time 
throwing  the  purse  upon  the  table. 

When  asked  why  he  did  it  he  replied, 
"  Well,  it  was  such  a  good  chagce  that  I  really  couldn't  help  it." 

The  murder  and  robbery  of  Capt.  Harmon  of  Smith's  Flat,  a 
min  ng  camp  a  few  miles  above  Placerville,  is  worth  mentioning,  for 
there  is  one  very  mysterious  circumstance  in  connection  w.th  this 
man  which  is  difficult  of  explanation. 

The  captain  had  been  a  seafaring  man  for  many  years,  and,  hav- 
ing become  tired  of  the  sea,  he  came  up  to  this  mining  camp  m  the 


2i6  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA, 

spring  of  '57  and  opened  a  small  store.  It  was  noticed  by  man)',  in 
fact  it  was  well  known  among  all  who  had  made  his  acquaintance, 
that  he  was  almost  daily  in  the  habit  of  seating  himself  in  the  back 
part  of  his  store  and  holding  a  conversation,  as  he  very  earnestly 
maintained,  with  his  wife  who  had  been  dead  about  seventeen  years, 
and  with  a  daughter  also  who  had  been  dead  but  a  few  years. 

It  was  useless  to  argue  or  to  reason  with  him  in  relation  to  the 
matter,  for  he  maintained  most  positively  that  such  was  really  the 
case,  and  they  often  conversed  upon  their  family  affairs  and  of 
events  which  had  occurred  in  early  life.  It  was  the  general  opinion 
among  all  that  the  captain  was  of  course  insane  upon  that  subject, 
and  for  this  reason  but  little  was  ever  said  about  it.  Spiritualism,  at 
this  early  day,  at  least  in  this  part  of  the  country,  had  not  yet  been 
invented,  although  at  the  East  it  was  being  developed  gradually, 
having  at  this  date  progressed  as  far  as  table-tipping  and  other  simi- 
lar phenomena.  For  this  reason,  when  the  captain  maintained  that 
he  was  conversing  with  the  spirits  of  his  wife  and  daughter,  it  could 
not  be  accepted. 

If  I  am  not  mistaken,  I  think  that  he  had  been  in  the  camp  about 
eighteen  months,  when,  one  day,  he  made  known  to  a  number  of  his 
customers  that  he  had  been  informed  the  day  before  by  his  wife 
that  he  was  soon  to  leave  all  earthly  affairs  and  live  with  his  family 
in  the  other  world.  He  said  that  his  wife  did  not  inform  him  just 
when  he  should  die,  or  by  what  means,  and  she  had  refused  to  en- 
lighten him  any  further,  only  insisting  that  he  would  soon  be  with 
them.  The  news  seemed  to  make  him  feel  rather  down-hearted ; 
not,  as  he  said,  from  a  knowledge  of  the  fact  of  his  going,  but  the 
means  which  would  be  used  to  take  his  life.  He  had  no  enemies 
that  he  knew  of,  and  was,  furthermore,  in  very  good  health.  The 
boys  tried  to  laugh  him  out  of  the  thought  of  such  a  thing,  but  it 
was  of  no  use.  He  received  the  news  from  his  wife  upon  a  Sunday, 
and  on  the  morning  of  the  Thursday  following  he  was  found  upon 
his  bed  dead,  having  been  killed  with  an  axe  by  a  Mexican.  The 
safe  was  broken  open  and  robbed  also.  The  axe  was  soon  found  in 
a  shaft,  and  the  Mexican  who  owned  it  was  arrested,  tried  and  exe- 
cuted. 

Another  instance  in  which  two  courageous  and  bright  speci- 
mens of  young  America  took  a  very  active  part,  occurred  in  Eldo- 
rado County,  some  time  during  the  year  '61. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


217 


.  ^<^ 


.r^'^.a^A/fum 


.  'ci  ''/./A/'.y 


1/  %i 


V 


A 


2i8  THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

These  two  boys,  about  12  years  of  age,  with  their  shot  guns 
started  out  one  pleasant  morning  on  a  hunt,  and  in  passing  the 
cabin  of  a  miner,  they  saw  coming  from  it  a  strange,  suspicious 
looking  character,  who  was  loaded  dowm  with  plunder.  Being  satis- 
fied that  the  man  was  a  thief,  they  ordered  him  to  return  the  goods 
to  the  cabin,  which  he  did.  With  their  guns  in  readiness,  they  then 
ordered  him  to  walk  in  the  trail  ahead  of  them,  and  in  this  manner 
they  marched  the  fellow  into  Placerville,  a  distance  of  nearly  three 
miles,  into  the  hospitable  arms  of  Sheriff  Rogers,  who  gave  him  a 
very  cordial  reception.  Upon  investigation,  he  proved  to  be  an  ex- 
convict,  and  a  very  dangerous  man,  but  unfortunately  for  him  and 
very  fortunately  for  the  boys,  too,  at  this  time  he  was  unarmed. 

On  the  way  to  town,  he  tried  every  means  to  prevail  upon  the 
boys  to  lay  down  their  guns.  He  offered  to  bet  them  five  dollars 
that  they  could  not  kill  a  bird  perched  upon  a  bush  near  the  trail. 
One  of  the  boys  remarked  that  "  Them  wasn't  the  kind  of  birds, 
we're  huntin'  for;  we're  huntin'  only  for  jail  birds."  He  promised 
them  in  case  they  would  just  lay  their  guns  down  in  the  grass  for  a 
minute  or  so,  he  would  give  each  of  'em  a  great  many  shares  of 
stock  in  one  of  the  richest  mines  in  the  Comstock. 

They  politely  informed  him  that  the  only  kind  of  stock  they 
cared  about  just  then  was  gun  stock,  and  that  they  had  shares 
enough  of  that  to  go  round. 

One  of  the  most  laughable  cases  of  highway  robbery  occurred 
a  few  years  later  in  Sonoma  County,  the  agent  in  the  affair  being  a 
youth  about  fourteen  years  of  age.  Commencing  in  fun,  he  un- 
fortunately ended  his  joke  in  dead  earnest. 

This  young  man  was  walking  out  upon  the  road  one  evening, 
and  hearing  the  stage  coming  behind  him,  in  order  to  avoid  being 
run  over,  climbed  upon  the  bank  alongside  of  the  road.  The  latter 
w^as  very  narrow  and  sandy  at  this  point,  and  the  horses  were 
walking. 

Now,  near  to  the  edge  of  the  bank  where  the  boy  was  standing 
was  a  picket  fence,  and  to  keep  from  falling  he  was  obliged  to  hug 
rather  closely  to  it.  In  doing  so  one  of  the  pickets  became  loose, 
just  as  the  stage  had  got  opposite  to  him.  In  a  spirit  of  fun,  with- 
out calculatmg  upon  the  effect  of  the  movement,  he  pointed  his 
loose  picket  toward  the  driver  of  the  stage,  and  in  a  coarse  profes- 
sional tone   demanded   hnn  to   stop;  and,  to  his  astonishment,  the 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


219 


driver  stopped  the  team.  To  carry  out  the  joke,  he  then  ordered 
the  driver  to  throw  out  Wells  &  Fargo's  treasure  box;  and  he  was 
again  astonished  to  see  the  order  promptly  obeyed  and  the  treasure 
box  fall  near  him  upon  the  bank.  It  now  became  necessary,  in 
order  to  continue  the  joke  to  a  favorable  termination,  to  give  one 
more  peremptory  order,  and  to  hesitate  was  to  be  lost.  So  he  com- 
manded the  driver  to  "  Go  on!  " 

The  stage  with    its  load  of  passengers  started   onward,   leaving 
the  treasure  in  care  of  the   picket  guard.     Now  came  the  crisis  in 


5;Mili^llI  "'jbF'f^ 


THE    PICKET    GUARD. 

the  affair;  the  last  act  in  the  drama  which  was  to  determine  the 
future  destiny  of  a  bright  specimen  of  Young  America. 

The  boy  seated  himself  upon  the  box  and  rubbed  his  eyes  and 
scratched  his  head  to  satisfy  himself  'twas  not  all  a  dream.  He 
said  to  himself: 

"  Now  here  is  an  opportunity  come  to  me  that  I  never  dreamed 
or  thought  of  before.  Is  it  my  destiny?  Nov/  shall  I  be  a  good 
little  boy,  take  back  the  box  and  tell  'em  that  I  only  done  it  for  fun; 
or  shall  I  keep  on  jest  as  them  bank  cashiers  and  other  fellers  do 


220  THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

sometimes,  and  make  the  most  of  such  opportunities  that  come 
without  huntin'  for  um  ?  " 

He  concluded  that  if  it  was  only  done  for  a  joke,  he  had  carried 
it  a  little  too  far,  but  if  it  was  done  in  dead  earnest,  he  hadn't 
quite  finished  the  job.  While  thus  meditating  between  the  two 
opposite  courses  and  upon  the  future  possibilities,  he  finally  decided 
that  he  would  finish  the  job,  and  adopt  the  profession  of  a  road 
agent,  conscious  of  the  ability  to  make  it  a  complete  success,  and 
even  rival  Black  Bart  himself  in  the  profession  of  a  stage  inspector- 
He  also  thought  how  he  could  jest  make  Jime  Hume  hump  himself 
a-trying  to  follow  his  trail. 

The  boy  was,  perhaps,  justified  in  this  conclusion  by  what  he 
had  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  a  single  picket,  and  therefore 
judged  of  what  he  might  be  able  to  do  if  backed  by  an  entire 
fence.  With  such  thoughts  running  through  his  mind,  and  which, 
no  doubt,  he  had  acquired  from  the  perusal  of  certain  papers  pub- 
lished exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  such  boys,  giving  very  graphic 
accounts  of  the  exploits  of  "Three-Fingered  Jack,"  *'  The  Bandit's 
Bride,"  as  well  as  others  of  a  similar  character,  and  with  such 
bright  visions  of  future  notoriety  looming  up  before  him,  he  wrest- 
led with  the  treasure  box  for  a  few  minutes,  the  latter  soon  looking 
as  though  it  had  been  chasing  a  cyclone,  and  had  caught  it.  By 
means  of  a  big  rock  he  had  turned  the  box  wrong  side  out,  and  the 
golden  coin  was  scattered  about  among  the  grass,  glistening  in  the 
starlight.  But  unfortunately  for  our  infant  hero  his  career  was 
short,  and  for  the  same  reasons,  perhaps,  that  other  great  enter- 
prises often  end  in  failure;  he  had  engaged  in  a  profession  that  he 
had  not  the  capacity,  experience,  or  the  necessary  qualities  to  fill, 
and  it  therefore  ended  by  his  being  locked  up. 

It  was  about  the  year  '66  that  an  Irishman  drove  ahead  of  him 
into  the  town  of  Placerville  a  road  agent,  whom  he  had  captured 
out  on  the  toll-road  a  few  miles  above. 

When  asked  by  Mr.  Griffith,  the  sheriff,  how  he  had  managed 
to  capture  such  a  man,  who,  by  the  way,  was  much  the  larger  as 
well  as  the  younger  of. the  two,  Pat  replied  : 

"Indade,  thin,  I  was  jist  a  thraveling  along  the  road  alone  by 
meself,  do  yez  moind  ;  attinding  to  me  own  business  and  havin'  no 
thought  of  harum  at  all,  whin,  all  to  onct,  this  dirthy  spallpeen 
came  out  from  behoind  a  bush,  and,  pinting  his  gun  at  me  hid,  says 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


221 


to  me,  '  An'  will  yez  plase  be  afther  handing  me  ther  kine  that  3'ez 
are  carryin'  about  with  yez,  and  be  hasty  about  it,  too,  or  darmed 
if  Oi  don't  blow  the  hid  off  av  yez.' 

"  Says  Oi  :  '  Yez  will,  thin  ? '  Says  he  :  '  Indeed  thin  Oi  will.' 
*  But  hold  aisy,  now,'  says  Oi,  'divil  a  bit  will  yez  do  that  same,* 
and  I  comminced  to  fale  about  in  me  pockets  to  say  if  Oi  cud 
sthrike  some  kine,  but  divil  a  bit  cud  Oi  sthrike  ther  color  of  it  at 
all  at  all.  An'  so  says  Oi  :  'Bad  luck  to  it,  thin,  but  Oi  have  left 
me  purse  with  me  agent  in  town.'  'An'  who's  yer  agent  in  town,' 
says  he.    '  Indade,  thin,  would  yez  loike  to  make  his  acquaintance  ? ' 


*'  GO  an'  say  me  agent." 

says  Oi.  '  Oi  would,'  says  he.  '  An' yez  shall,  thin,'  says  Oi.  An' 
jist  at  this  pint,  do  yez  moind,  Oi  extinded  out  me  lift  hand  an' 
saized  his  gun,  an'  thin  yez  cud  say  nothin'  at  all  fer  the  dust  that 
was  afther  continually  risin'  from  the  ground,  begorrah.  An'  be 
jabers  it  seemed  to  me  that  two  of  thim  cyclones  had  rnet  at  ther 
spot,  and  was  afther  havin'  a  wrestbn'  match,  do  yez  see?  Prisintly 
there  was  a  dull  sound,  do  yez  moind,  and  thin  all  was  quiet.  The 
dust  Glared  away,  and  iist  there  in  front  of  me,  be  jabers,  was 
sthanding  ther   chap  who  wanted   me  kine.     But  phawt  was  Oi  a 


222  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

cloin'  mesilf  dooring  the  toime,  do  yez  ask?  Indade,  thin,  it  was 
doorin'  ther  great  commotion  of  the  illimints,  do  yez  moid,  thet  Oi 
succaded  in  turnin'  his  right  flank,  be  jabers,  an'  gittin'  aroun'  to 
ther  rear  of  me  inimy  and  climbin'  up  over  his  shoulder  to  ther  top 
av  him,  do  yez  see.  Oi  was  jist  afther  holding  him  at  bay,  and  wid 
dee  phunny  end  of  me  gun  jist  a  swaipmgthe  flois  from  his  oibrows, 
do  yez  see.  Thin  says  Oi  :  '  'Tis  me  agent  yez  would  loike  to  see  ?' 
'No,  not  to-day,'  says  he,  'for  Oi'm  busy.'  '  Indade,  thin,  but 
Oi'm  sure  thet  yez  do,'  says  Oi,  'an'  we'll  be  afther  thraveling  to- 
gither  to  say  Mr.  Griffith,  me  agent  in  town,  sor.  He  is  a  foine 
gintleman,  and  the  latch-sthring  av  his  hotel  is  continual!y  hangin' 
handy  to  raich  for  ther  loikes  of  yez.  He'll  be  afther  tinderin'  to 
yez  the  hospitality  av  his  foine  manshun,  an'  indade,  thin,  it  will 
not  cost  yez  a  cent.  Now  forward,  march,  and  Oi'U  follow  yez,  an' 
'twill  be  ?n  honor  to  yez,  too,  to  be  sane  thraveling  rhe  road  wid 
an  honest  gintleman  loike  meself  a  foUowin'  afther  yez,  as  a  varlet 
o'  chaml)er,  begorra.'" 


CHAPTER    XV. 


Where  are  the  Pioneers  ? — The  Overland  Stage — Pony  Ex- 
press— The  Sound  of  War — A  Wet  Winter — The  Hotel 
ON  THE  Road — The  Railroad. 

UPWARDS  of  ten  years  had  now  elapsed  since  our  arrival  in 
California.  The  excitement  in  relation  to  gold  mining  has 
somewhat  subsided,  and  all  human  affairs  seem  to  have  become  es- 
tablished upon  a  more  permanent  basis.  All  residents,  with  but 
few  exceptions,  are  now  well  pleased  with  their  adopted  home,  and 
intend  to  remain  and  grow  up  with  the  country. 

But  how  about  the  pioneers  at  this  time  ?  They  were  very  num- 
erous throughout  this  portion  of  the  mining  region.  In  December, 
'59,  they  numbered  in  this  county  at  least  25,000,  a  small  portion  of 
them  only,  however,  engaged  in  mining.  And  now,  at  the  expiration 
only  ten  years,  I  find  upon  investigation  that  there  are  not  to  ex- 
ceed 600  in  the  county  remaining.  A  few  are  yet  engaged  in  min- 
ing; many  have  left  for  their  Eastern  homes,  and  some  have  crossed 
to  the  other  side,  while  many  have  fenced  in  tracts  of  land  and  are 
engaged  in  fruit  raising.  But  the  great  majority  have  scattered 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  Pacific  Slope,  some  to 
engage  in  agriculture  or  in  stock  raising  in  the  valleys  below,  and 
others  entering  into  business  of  various  kinds  in  the  Cities  of  San 
Francisco  and  Sacramento. 

With  the  discovery  of  the  silver  mines  in  Nevada  there  ensues 
another  very  important  event:  The  overland  stage,  a  boon  to  old- 
timers,  for  they  can  now  communicate  with  their  friends  in  the  East 
much  quicker  and  oftener  than  by  water,  is  established,  and  which 
again  in  its  turn,  as  a  means  of  rapid  communication  with  the  East, 
is  superseded  by  the  pony  express.  The  first  arrival  of  the  pony 
express  occurred,  I  think,  in  the  fall  of  '59.  The  wild  mustang 
was  ridden  by  Harry  Rolf,  now  a  resident  of  Oakland,  and  he 
came  flying  through  the  city  of  Placerville,  on  his  way  to  Sacra- 

223 


224  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALII-OKATA. 

mento  City,  amid  the  waving  of  flags,  the  firing  of  guns,  and  the 
hurrah  of  the  multitude  which  lined  the  sides  of  the  road  to  wit- 
ness the  important  event.  But  although  we  were  occupying  a  new 
and  as  yet  an  unsettled  portion  of  the  earth  which  we  had  only  re- 
cently occupied,  yet  the  progressive  spirit  of  the  age,  for  which  our 
nation  is  noted,  was  not  wanting,  for  in  a  very  short  time  these  primi- 
tive means  of  transit  and  of  communication  with  the  East  were 
again  in  their  turn  thrust  aside  and  superseded  by  the  iron  horse 
and  the  telegraph.  Soon  came,  also,  the  sound  of  war  and  strife 
between  the  North  and  the  South,  and  now  the  very  important  ques- 
tion which  had  agitated  the  country  for  nearly  a  century  was  to  be 
decided  for  all  time,  viz.,  should  the  whole  country  be  for  freedom 
or  for  slavery  ?  There  were  many  throughout  the  State  who  be- 
lieved the  latter  to  be  possible,  but  the  sentiment  was  almost  uni- 
versal that  we  in  California  would  prevent,  by  all  possible  means, 
any  attempt  upon  the  part  of  either  side  to  involve  the  residents  of 
the  State  in  the  conflict,  and  all  such  attempts,  therefore,  were  very 
effectually  suppressed  and  peace  and  quietness  reigned  throughout 
the  State.  There  was,  however,  a  stage  robbery  which  occurred 
upon  the  Virginia  City  road,  a  few  miles  above  Placerville.  A 
large  amount  of  silver  bullion  was  stolen,  and  in  effecting  the  cap- 
ture of  the  robbers  one  of  the  ofl^icers  was  killed,  his  name  being 
T.  G.  Caples.  In  their  defense  the  robbers  claimed  that  they  were 
commissioned  officers,  acting  under  orders  from  their  commanders 
of  the  Confederate  Government  ;  they  were,  consequently,  not  out- 
laws or  robbers,  and  demanded  the  rights  and  usages  due  to  pris- 
oners of  war.  But  unfortunately  for  them  our  judges  did  not  take 
that  view  of  the  case,  and  they  were  found  guilty  of  highway  rob- 
bery. One  of  them  (Poole)  was  found  guilty  also  of  murder  and 
executed  in  Placerville  in  the  fall  of  '6t^,  if  I  am  not  mistaken. 

The  winter  of  '6i-'62  was  a  very  wet  one,  and  water  therefore  was 
abundant  throughout  the  mining  regions,  enabling  the  miners  to 
work  and  ground-sluice  many  good  paying  claims  located  above  the 
ditches  which  furnished  the  water  for  mining  purposes  below. 
Sacramento  felt  the  effects  of  this  unusually  rainy  winter,  for  twice 
during  the  season  was  the  city  flooded,  causing  great  damage  and 
loss. 

A  little  incident  resulting  upon  this  flood  in  Sacramento  is  per- 
haps worth   relating,  as   it   illustrates   not  only  the  uncertainty  of 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OB    CALIFORNIA. 


225 


226  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

things  generally,  but  also  that  each  and  every  locality  is  subject  in 
its  own  way  to  certain  events  peculiar  to  the  surrounding  con- 
ditions. 

A  certain  emigrant  from  the  Fatherland,  who  lost  all  his  earthly 
possessions  during  the  flood  in  Sacramento  City,  came  to  the  .con- 
clusion that  he  would  in  future  make  his  dwelling  place  in  some 
more  elevated  locality,  above  the  reach  of  the  raging  floods  and  at 
high  water  mark.  He  therefore,  in  the  fall  of  'dT^,  in  accordance 
with  this  desire,  bought  an  old  station  or  wayside  hotel,  located  in 
the  toll  road  a  few  miles  above  Placerville.  During  the  succeeding 
winter,  our  German  friend,  with  his  family  and  a  few  others,  were 
sitting  around  the  big  stove  one  afternoon.  It  was  storming  heav- 
ily outside,  and  the  landlord  was  congratulating  himself  upon  the 
fact  that  he  was  far  above  all  danger  from  the  floods  and  earth- 
quakes below,  and  that  he  had  found  at  last  a  safe  home  for  his 
family.  Just  at  this  moment  his  wife  jumped  from  her  chair,  and 
exclaimed: 

"  Mine  Gott!  vat  vas  dat  noise  I  hear?  " 

They  all  jumped  to  their  feet,  and  none  too  soon,  for  at  this  in- 
stant, the  rear  end  of  the  room  in  which  they  were  sitting  fell  in 
with  a  crash,  and  a  huge  boulder  went  crashing  through  the  house, 
taking  in  its  flight  the  stove,  and,  smashing  through  the  front  of  the 
building  into  the  road,  rolled  away  into  the  creek,  some  seventy- 
five  yards  below. 

To  say  that  our  German  friend  and  the  rest  of  them  were  as- 
tonished, or  astounded  would  hardly  express  it,  for  they  were  simply 
paralyzed.  After  recovering  his  senses,  he  exclaimed,  in  the  most 
solemn  accents: 

"Achmine  Gott!  mine  Gott!  How  vas  dot  den?  Oh!  mine 
grashus,  vere  ve  go  next!  I  vas  most  drowned  out  mit  dose  vaters 
in  Sagramento,  vas  shaked  all  to  bieces  by  dem  earthquakes  at  San 
Francisco,  und  den  I  vas  gone  up  here,  vare  dem  earthquakes  or 
dem  waters  do  not  come  at  all,  vid  mine  family,  und,  but  up  here, 
mine  grashus,  dem  mountains  shust  come  right  through  mine  house 
und  smash  dem  all  to  bieces.  Mine  Gott,  vare  ve  goes  now  to  py 
oursellufs  ?  " 

His  wife  suggested  that  they  had  better  go  to  San  Francisco. 

"  Oh,  mine  grashus,  no  no.  Dem  earthquakes  down  dere  vill 
shust  shakes  mine  head  off  righd   avav,  und  gife  mine  families  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  227 

shakes  all  ofer.  No  I  tink  ve  vill  go  pack  to  Shairmany,  for  we  can 
find  no  hlace  to  life  here  in  dot  strange  country.  By  von  blace  you 
vas  shake  all  to  bieces  by  dem  earthquake;  den  you  go  to  anudder 
blace,  und  der  vater  come  und  vash  you  all  avay;  den  you  vas  find 
anudder  blace,  vare  you  don't  see  dem  shakes  or  dem  vaters,  und 
den,  py  shiminy,  dem  hills  is  all  loose,  und  dey  shust  dumble  down 
right  ofer  on  to  mine  house.  I  goes  to  Shairmany,  mine  frent, 
pooty  quick;  now  don't  it?  " 

An  event  was  now  about  to  take  place  which  was  to  change  to  a 
great  extent  the  future  condition  of  our  new  home  upon  the  Pacific 
Coast.  For  although  all  were  apparently  content  and  well  satisfied 
with  our  relative  position,  yet  there  was  a  certain  feeling  of  discon- 
nection, an  impassable  barrier  between  us  and  our  old  homesteads 
with  the  pleasing  associations  connected  with  them  ;  there  were  be- 
tween us  high  and  lofty  ranges  of  rugged  mountains  and  barren 
plains  that  to  many  were  absolutely  impassable,  while  yet  by  water 
the  voyage  to  visit  friends  and  our  Eastern  friends  was  a  long  and 
tedious  one;  under  such  circumstances  it  was  evident  that  some- 
thing yet  was  wanting  which  would  enable  us  to  enjoy  to  the  fullest 
extent  the  favorable  conditions  afforded  by  a  residence  here  in 
California,  and  this  something  which  all  felt  the  necessity  of  was  a 
rapid  means  of  communication  with  our  former  PLastern  homes.  The 
great  event,  therefore,  to  which  I  alluded  was  the  commencement, 
by  a  few  energetic  old-timers,  of  a  railroad  across  the  mountains. 
In  early  days  the  possibility  of  a  railroad  across  the  continent  was 
often  talked  of  among  the  miners,  and  those  who  had  traveled  and 
prospected  among  the  deep  canons  and  rugged  cliffs  of  the 
mountains  were  very  strongly  impressed  with  the  conviction 
that  the  building  of  a  railroad  across  and  over  them  would 
be  a  physical  impossibility  ;  consequently,  when  all  prepara- 
tions were  made  for  the  purpose,  it  was  the  general  opinion  among 
them  that  it  was  the  wild  fancy  of  a  few  lunatics  who  were  ignorant  of 
railroads  in  general,  or  what  natural  barriers  and  obstacles  were  to  be 
encountered  in  the  building  of  this  railroad  in  particular.  Notwith- 
standing the  protest  and  prophetic  warnings  of  the  old  mountaineers, 
the  work  was  formally  commenced  in  Sacramento  City  in  '63,  and  the 
last  (golden)  spike  driven  in  '68,  which  formed  the  connecting  link 
between  the  two  roads,  making  a  continuous  line  between  the  At- 
lantic and  the  Pacific  Coasts.     The  effect  of  this  connection  was  at 


228  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

once  apparent,  for  we  now  felt  as  though  we  formed  a  part  of  the 
nation  and  under  its  protection  ;  but  whether  the  iron  rails  had  any 
effect  upon  the  electric  conditions  of  the  country  (as  was  maintained 
by  certain  ones),  causing  atmospheric  changes  here,  is  immaterial  ; 
at  any  rate,  social  conditions,  which  heretofore  had  been  unbal- 
anced, were  now  properly  adjusted,  for,  instead  of  dwelling  away  off 
in  some  remote  corner  of  the  universe,  in  a  foreign  land,  as  we 
imagined,  separated  entirely  from  intercourse  with  higher  conditions 
of  existence  by  mountain  ranges  and  barren  deserts,  the  iron  rails 
had  now  broken  down  the  barriers,  and  from  this  point  in  our  his- 
tory we  felt  more  at  home.  But  what  said  the  old  mi.iers  who  had 
predicted  all  sorts  of  troubles,  disasters,  and  failure  of  the  lunatics, 
the  originators  of  the  undertaking,  after  its  successful  completion  ? 
"V.'ell"  (as  one  of  them  expressed  himself — an  Englishman),  "give 
a  company  of  Americans  the  right  of  way  and  a  subsidy,  and  blast 
me  yiesif  they  wouldn't  run  a  tunnel  through  the  earth  and  build  a 
railroad  to  China,  yer  know." 

An  observation  of  Nature's  works  shows  us  that  the  wise  Crea- 
ator,  in  scattering  upon  the  surface  of  our  planet  his  treasures  in 
the  form  of  gems  and  rich  mineral  ores,  decided  it  best  to  give  to 
such  portions  of  the  surface  as  were  the  most  barren  and  deso- 
late, the  most  rugged  and  mountainous,  as  well  as  the  least  attract- 
ive and  unfit  for  cultivation  or  civilization,  the  greatest  amount  of 
treasures  in  the  form  of  precious  stones  or  valuable  mineral  ores  as 
some  compensation  for  such  defects,  and  an  investigation  of  the 
earth's  surface  shows  us  that  this  is  almost  universally  the  case. 
But  in  the  case  of  California  however,  for  somewise  purpose,  he  saw 
fit  to  make  one  grand  exception  ;  for  although  containing,  as  it  does, 
some  of  the  richest  mines  in  the  world,  yet  it  contains  also  some  of 
the  richest  and  most  valuable  farming  lands,  the  low,  red  hills  in 
the  mining  regions,  the  best  adapted  for  the  cultivation  of  the  vine 
and  all  other  varieties  of  fruit.  It  contains,  also,  the  largest  trees, 
as  well  as  the  highest  waterfill  in  the  world,  the  grandest  scenery 
and  the  finest  climate,  as  well  as  many  other  advantages  possessed 
by  no  other  country,  I'he  effects  of  this  railroad  connection  with 
the  East  was  to  enable  thousands  to  make  their  homes  here  in  this 
favored  country,  or  to  travel  through  it  for  observation,  with  a  de- 
sign at  some  future  time  of  again  returning  to  dwell  amidst  the 
orange  groves,  and  to  breathe  the  pure  air  of  this  favored  country, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  229 

and,  furthermore,  to  enable  many  of  the  old  pioneers, who  had  aban 
doned  all   hopes  of  ever  being  able  to  visit  the  famdiar  scenes  of 
their   early  days,  to  once    more   journey  towards  the  rising  sun;  to 
visit  their  early  homes  in  the  East  without  fear  of  Indians,  or  star- 
vation upon  the  desert  plains,  or  of  shipwreck  upon  the  water. 


CHAPTER    XVI 


The  Fortv-niner — Syd  at  the  North  Pole — The  Homes  of  the 
Old-timers — The  Remains  of  the  Cabins  of  the  Forty- 
niners — Panning  Out  the  Old  Cabins. 

IN  all  mining  excitements  which  have  occured  upon  the  coast 
when  new  discoveries  have  been  made,  tl;e  forty-niner  was  as  a 
general  rule  the  first  to  be  afflicted  with  the  fever,  and  they  would 
invariably  be  found  in  advance,  leading  their  friends  to  victory  or 
to  ruin. 

Great  numbers  caught  the  fever  and  stampeded  during  the 
Frazier  River  excitement,  as  well  as  of  the  Salmon  River,  Gold 
Bluff,  Caribo,  Alder  Gulch  and  other  occasions,  but  returned  again 
from  their  useless  search  for  new  fields,  not  in  despair,  however, 
but  only  to  make  good  preparations  for  the  next  occasion  that  should 
offer  in  some  other  section  of  the  country.  Many  are  at  present 
trying  their  fortunes  in  Montana  and  among  the  rugged  cliffs  of 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  silver  regions,  in  the  hope  of  yet  being  able  to 
strike  at  least  a  paying  mine  of  some  kind,  if  it  is  nothing  more  than 
pewter,  sheet-iron,  soap,  paint  or  putty,  at  any  rate  a  paying  mine, 
which  will  enable  them  to  do  once  more,  before  they  depart  for  that 
happy  land  where  prospecting  is  an  unnecessary  business,  a  full  suit  of 
store  clothes  and  a  biled  shirt,  including  the  usual  accompaniments 
known  to  civilized  society.  It  is  this  incentive  that  gives  energy 
to  the  old  forty-niner,  that  gives  strength  and  elasticity  to  his  limbs, 
and  which  enables  him  to  wander  forth  through  deep  and  rocky 
cafions;  to  climb  the  steep  and  rugged  cliffs  of  the  mountain  ranges, 
in  many  cases  where  younger  ])rospectors  are  unable  to  follow,  to 
discover  if  possible,  some  location  where  he  can  get  several  colors 
to  pan,  and  find  the  bed  rock  pitching.  But  the  old-timer,  how- 
ever, desires  something  more  than  this;  for  it  is  net  altogether  the 
discovery  of  a  fair  prospect,  and  with  the  bed  rock  pitching,  that  he 
wants.     Not  at  all.     But  as  Old  Syd  the  Badger,  as   he  was  titled, 

230 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


231 


remarked   after  his  return  from  one  of  his  excursions  away  north, 
at  the  time  of  the  Frazier  River  excitement: 


SYD  S    LAST    PROSPECT. 


"  Oh,  yaas!  Thar  is  gold  along  up  thar,  but  dogearn  it,  a  feller 
can't  go  nowhar  to  prospect  now,  but  that  he  will  find  that  some 
sneaking  tender-foot  has  been  thar  a  little  ahead  of  him;  darned  if 


232  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

I  don't  hunt  for  some   spot  to   prospect  whar  no  miner's  pick  was 
ever  struck  yet." 

When  it  was  suggested  to  him  that  there  was  but  one  spot  where 
no  miner  has  ever  prospected  yet,  and  that  that  was  at  the  North 
Pole,  he  remarked  that  he'd  bedogearned  if  he  didn't  go  thar,  then, 
and  it  was  afterwards  supposed  that  he  did,  for,  some  years  after- 
wards, some  miners  upon  the  Yukow  saw  the  apparition  of  an  old 
veteran  miner  packing  upon  his  back  an  immense  roll  of  blankets, 
cooking  utensils  and  mining  tools,  going  in  the  direction  of  the 
Pole,  and  at  a  distance,  the  apparition,  when  seen  through  the  fog, 
resembled  in  appearance  to  a  native  the  huge  form  of  a  mastodon 
wandering  in  the  forests.  We  have  therefore  every  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  first  expedition  which  succeeds  in  reaching  the  Pole 
will  find  the  remains  of  Old  Syd,the  Forty-niner,  seated  comfortably 
upon  the  top  of  the  Pole  upon  which  he  has  put  his  mining  notice, 
and  with  his  glass  carefully  examining  a  piece  of  it  which  he  has 
broken  off,  to  see  if  it  contains  mineral.  The  idea  seems  almost  uni- 
versal among  the  residents  of  the  State,  and  in  fact  the  coast,  that  the 
remnants  of  the  Advance  (luard  of  gold  seekers,  the  Forty-niners, 
are  at  present  the  poorest  class  of  men  of  any  upon  the  coast;  but 
this  is  a  mistaken  idea,  for  an  investigation  as  to  the  facts  of  the 
case  show  conclusively  that  many  of  our  wealthiest  men  were 
Forty-niners,  although  the  great  majority  of  them  are  now  poor. 
That  they  were  energetic  and  restless,  as  well  as  adventurous  is 
evident,  for  it  was  the  possession  of  these  traits  which  made  them 
Forty-niners;  for  without  them,  they  would  certainly  have  waited 
for  others  to  take  the  lead.  It  is  for  these  reasons  that  we  now  find 
them  roaming  around  upon  various  portions  of  the  coast  for  new 
mines,  not  that  they  care  so  much  for  the  wealth  buried  there,  but 
this  restless  spirit  of  adventure  to  Hnd  wealth  is  from  force  of 
habit,  that  others  who  follow  them  may  enjoy  the  full  benefit  of  it. 
And  for  these  adventures  they  were  always  ready,  and  at  the  first 
alarm  when  there  was  wafted  through  the  mining  regions  a  bare 
suspicion  that  new  diggings  had  been  found  somewhere, the  blankets 
were  bound  up  at  once  with  all  the  necessary  paraphernalia,  ready 
at  a  moment's  notice;  and  in  some  cases,  they  (the  blankets)  had 
been  so  accustomed  to  be  bound  up,  that  (like  the  chickens  of  the 
man  who  was  constantly  moving  with  his  family  from  place  to  place, 
whenever  they  saw  the  old   familiar  wagon  at  the  door,  would  in- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA, 


233 


variably  lie  down  and  cross  their  legs  to  be  tied),  upon  the  first  ap- 
pearance of  any  unusual  noise  or  confusion,  they  would  immediately 
roll  up,  the  rope    would  wiggle   and  twist  itself  into  a  knot  around 


them,  and  the  old  coffee-pot,  the  fry-pan,  as  well  as  the  pick,  pan 
and  shovel  from  beneath  the  bunk,  would  all  beo-in  to  crawl 
towards  their  accustomed  place  upon  the  top  of  the  blankets,  ready 
to  be  tied. 

It  is  remarked  throughout  the  mining  regions  that  these  ancient 


234  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

relics  of  a  former  period  are  a  tough  and  a  hardy  race,  healthy  and 
vigorous,  and  are  capable  of  standing  as  much  fatigue  and  severe 
labor  as  the  great  majority  of  younger  men  ;  the  reasons  for  this, 
of  course,  are  that  those  who  remain  of  that  great  multitude  who 
first  arrived  here,  took  better  care  of  themselves,  as  a  rule;  for  if 
they  had  not,  they  would  not  now  be  here.  This  fact,  therefore,  is 
a  fair  illustration  of  the  truth  of  the  Darwinian  theory  of  the  survi- 
val of  the  fittest. 

To  an  old-timer  of  this  day,  it  is  pleasant  to  wander  amid  the 
old  scenes  where  we  mined  so  many  long  years  ago  with  the  pan 
and  cradle.  The  ravines  and  gulches  have  somewhat  changed,  it  is 
true  ;  for  we  find  Avhere  once  the  ground  was  clear  and  free 
from  trees  is  now  a  dense  forest  of  thrifty  pines.  Yet  the  old 
localities  have  a  familiar  look,  and  sitting  upon  a  large  boulder, 
which  we  well  remember  working  around  and  of  panning  from 
beneath  it  quite  a  respectable  amount  of  gold,  we  can  almost  in  im- 
agination go  back  in  time  to  work  over  again  the  events  and  scenes 
as  they  occurred  in  the  past.  In  traveling  among  the  ravines  and 
canons  at  this  late  day  in  some  portions  of  the  mining  regions,  the 
rambler  will  occasionally  come  across  a  log  cabin  hidden  in  some 
recess,  or  upon  the  side  of  the  hills  among  the  forest  trees,  and 
occupied  by  an  old-timer.  They  once  lived  in  camp  or  nearer  to 
the  town,  but  such  changes  in  course  of  time  occurred — the  old- 
timers  having  scattered,  whilst  their  places  were  occupied  by  stran- 
gers— that  in  a  few  years  those  old-timers  who  remained,  and  who 
still  continued  to  linger  around  their  old  familiar  haunts,  were  now 
in  consequence  of  these  changes  dwelling  among  strangers.  This 
was  disagreeable,  and  could  not  be  thought  of.  They  therefore 
made  their  homes  in  these  out-of-way  places,  and  seldom  visit  the 
towns  or  villages,  but  hermit-like  pass  their  time  in  company  with 
their  favorite  cat  or  dog. 

But  a  short  time  since,  an  old-timer  having  occasion  to  visit  the 
mining  region,  traveled  through  a  section  of  the  country  where  he 
mined  in  early  days,  but  which  is  now  a  lonely  and  desolate  region. 
He  was  therefore  greatly  astonished  to  find  two  log  cabins  which 
were  occupied  in  this  deserted  region;  but  he  was  much  more  sur- 
prised to  find  that  the  occupants  of  both  of  them  were  old-timers 
with  whom  he  had  been  acquainted  many  long  years  before,  and 
both  were  supposed  to  be  dead.     They  seem  to  enjoy  life.     They 


THE  ARGOXAUJS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  235 

cultivate  small  gardens,  anti  by  the  use  of  a  cradle,  are  enabled  to 
find  gold  enough  to  furnish  them  with  all  the  necessaries  of  life, 
which,  as  one  of  them  stated,  consisted  of  one  part  flour,  two  parts 
potatoes,  two  of  bacon,  and  the  balance  in  wdiiskey,  as  far  as  their 
claim  would  stand  it;  which  meant  of  course  about  ninety-five  parts 
of  whiskey,  with  occasionally  a  dish  of  beans  for  variety. 

It  was  with  the  greatest  pleasure  that  I  wandered  a  few  years 
ago  among  the  old  ravines,  across  the  flats,  and  through  the  canons 
whei-e  we  used  to  mine,  and  to  visit  the  old  cabins  or  the  places 
where  they  used  to  stand,  for  the  greater  portion  of  them  have  gone 
to  decay;  but  there  upon  that  point  under  the  big  oak  tree  you  can 
yet  see  a  few  decayed  logs,  all  that  now  remains  of  a  large  cabin 
once  occupied  by  a  company  of  boys  from  Philadelphia,  who  came 
around  Cape  Horn  in  the  good  ship  "  Susan  G.  Owens;"  while  over 
there  upon  that  bench  above  are  the  remains  of  a  cabin  that  was 
occupied  in  the  fall  of  '49  by  a  French  Count.  He  never  spoke  to 
anyone;  neither  did  I  ever  see  him  smile;  but  he  worked  hard  in 
the  ravine  below  and  was  always  dressed  in  real  Pans  style  with 
plug  hat,  black  dress  coat  buttoned  up  to  his  chin,  and  wearing  up- 
on his  feet  a  pair  of  cloth  gaiters. 

Around  upon  that  flat  yonder,  by  the  spring,  you  can  still  see 
the  outlines  of  a  miner's  cabin.  The  lower  part  of  the  chimney  is 
yet  standing,  and  that  great  flat  stone  was  the  door  step.  That 
cabin  was  occupied  in  '49  by  a  company  of  young  men  from  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  who  came  around  the  Horn  in  the  bark  "  Floyd." 

There  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  you  can  now  see  the  remains  of  an 
old  cabin  built  by  some  boys  from  New  York  City;  while  a  little 
further  down  you  can  see  the  remains  of  an  old  chimney  which  was 
built  of  flat  stones.  This  was  occupied  by  the  Russell,  Chase  and 
Gibbs  boys,  a  delegation  from  Nantucket.  Crossing  the  creek,  and 
going  up  that  ravine,  you  will  see  the  remains  of  numerous  cabins; 
the  first  one  perched  upon  that  bluff  above  was  occupied  by  a  few 
boys  from  Maine;  another  one  further  up,  was  the  home  of  a  com- 
pany from  Massachusetts.  The  latter  came  through  the  Straits  of 
Magellan  in  a  small  schooner  named  the  "  Emily  Bourne,"  and  the 
Captain  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Indians  at  Patagonia,  but  finally 
escaped.  The  sites  formerly  occupied  by  the  cabins  of  the  old  Forty- 
niners  are  undergoing  great  changes,  for  the  grounds  where  many  of 
them  once  stood  are  now  being  covered  with  fruit  trees  and  vinevards. 


236  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Up  on  that  rocky  point  now  covered  with  grape  vines  was  the 
site  of  a  cabin  occupied  by  Tompkins  and  three  others,  who  were 
passengers  in  the  ship  "Areatas"  from  Boston.  Just  below  them  was 
located  a  cabin  occupied  by  Rowland,  Hayden  and  Moore,  passen- 
gers in  the  schooner  "John  Alyne,"  from  Massachusetts.  A  walk  up 
Oregon  Ravine  would  bring  to  view  upon  the  flat  to  the  right,  and 
upon  the  side  hill  beyond,  the  remains  of  numerous  castles,  built 
and  occupied  by  the  Forty-niners.  One  in  particular,  at  the  time 
of  my  visit  among  them,  was  yet  standing;  and  for  nearly  twenty 
years  this  ancient  edifice,  erected  at  a  great  sacrifice  of  mental  en- 
ergy, and  occupied  by  the  writer  and  three  others,  passengers  of 
the  ship  "America,"  was  desecrated  to  fowl  purposes,  being  used  for 
a  hen  roost. 

Down  there,  below  the  spring  near  the  creek,  you  can  yet  see  the 
remains  of  an  old  chimney  and  a  level  spot,  where  in  '49  stood  a 
cabin  in  which  were  domiciled  three  or  four  passengers  who  came 
from  Panama  in  the  good  ship  •'  Niantic,''  the  old  hull  of  which  is 
now  lying  beneath  a  large  building  at  the  corner  of  Clay  and  San- 
some  streets,  San  Francisco.  A  little  further  down  on  that  gravel 
bench  stood  the  cabin  of  a  few  of  the  boys  who  came  out  in  the 
bark  "Diamond,"  the  old  hull  of  which  was  moored  to  the  levee  m 
Sacramento  City  for  more  than  twenty  years  subsequently  and  used 
for  a  storehouse. 

If  you  would  follow  that  trail  for  a  short  disrance  up  the  ravine, 
you  would  see  the  remains  of  the  chimneys,  and  a  few  old,  decayed 
logs,  all  that  now  remain  of  two  cabins,  one  sheltering  a  few  young 
men  from  the  State  of  Kentucky,  the  occupants  of  the  other  hailing 
from  Indiana,  and  all  of  them  fought  under  Taylor  in  the  Mexican 
War.  They  came  across  the  plains,  arrivmg  in  Hangtown  in  Sep- 
tember, '49. 

You  see  yonder,  on  that  rocky  point  among  the  trees,  the  few 
decayed  logs  of  an  old  cabin.  You  observe  also  that  a  portion  of 
the  old  chimney  is  yet  standing,  for  'twas  built  of  rocks,  through 
which  the  nimble  flap-jack  often  flew,  to  be  caught  again  at  the 
door.  This  cabin  was  occupied  by  a  number  of  Boston  boys 
who  came  around  the  Horn  in  '49  in  the  staunch  ship  "Cap- 
ital." 

A  walk  up  through  that  cafion  beyond  will  show  you  also  the  ruins 
of  many  pleasant  homes,  but  in  many  cases  only  the  sites  which  they 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 


-'-yj 


occupied   are  visible.     These  were  all    occupied  by  gold    seekers 
from  the  New  England  States,  who  had  come  around  the  Horn. 
Upon    that  level    spot  to  the  right  two  men  from  Connecticut 

k 


made  their  homes  throughout  the  fall  and  winter  of  '49-'5o,  with 
nothing  to  shelter  them  from  the  rain  but  an  old  wagon  cover.  They 
were  industrious,  out  at  work  early  in  the  morning,  and  generally 
he  last  to  quit  work  at  night.     During  the  time  which  they  worked 


238  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

in  the  mines,  which  was  a  little  less  than  a  year,  they  never  struck 
what  was  termed  a  rich  pay  streak,  but  only  what  was  termed  an 
average  paying  claim  or  wages.  Yet  Scoville  and  Davenport,  which 
were  their  names,  took  home  with  them  in  the  fall  of  '50  something 
like  $11,000  apiece,  as  the  express  agent  afterwards  stated,  thus 
proving  that  industry,  even  in  mining,  is  the  main  thing  in  luck. 

You  observe  away  up  that  ravine  a  level  spot  now  covered  with 
trees.  If  you  take  the  trouble  to  walk  up  that  way,  you  would  see 
a  few  old  logs  and  the  remains  of  an  old  chimney,  being  all  that  is 
left  now  of  the  once  pleasant  home  of  two  young  men  from  the  city 
of  Baltimore.  They  arrived  here  early  in  '49,  and  found  that  ravine 
very  rich.  Starting  for  their  native  city  in  November  of  the  same 
year,  they  took  with  them,  as  stated  at  the  time,  about  $20,000 
apiece,  but  in  the  course  of  a  few  weeks  they  returned  to  the  mines, 
wiser  perhaps,  but  poorer  men,  having  spent  their  money,  as  one  of 
them  explained,  in  the  study  of  natural  history  at  one  of  the  gor- 
geous and  inviting  gambling  menageries  in  San  Francisco.  As  I 
have  before  mentioned,  they  resided  in  that  cabin  for  many  years 
but  finally  left  for  other  mines. 

Just  over  yonder,  on  that  level  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  now 
the  Chinaman's  garden,  was  the  cabin  of  Dr  Wakefield  with  his 
wide-awake  wife,  hailing  from  the  State  of  Connecticut,  and  she  had 
the  whole  field  to  herself  in  one  respect,  at  least.  She  furnished 
the  miners  with  the  regular,  old-fashioned  mince  pies  that  they  had 
been  accustomed  to  eating  in  their  Eastern  homes,  and  at  a  price  too 
which  no  one  could  cavil  at,  it  being  for  pies  plain  $2  each,  sugared 
upper  crust  50  cents  extra.  Whether  it  was  owing  to  the  healthy 
nature  of  the  pie  material,  or  from  the  fact  that  the  lady  herself 
never  ate  any  of  her  own  pies,  perhaps  will  never  be  known.  At  any 
rate,  she  is  at  the  present  time  in  good  health,  and  a  resident  of  the 
city  of  Oakland. 

In  the  lower  part  of  Hangtown,  and  nearly  opposite  to  where  the 
foundry  now  stands,  was  the  cabin  of  John  Cook,  and  his  wife  was 
the  first  washerwoman  in  Hangtown. 

Just  below  them,  on  the  bank  of  the  creek,  was  the  cabin  of  the 
two  Russell  brothers,  from  the  city  of  New  York,  who  returned 
home  in  December  of  '49,  taking  with  them  about  $12,000  each, 
which  they  took  from  Oregon  Ravine. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek,  upon  the  side  of  the  hill,  could 


THE  ARGOA'AUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


239 


7f< 

I 


240  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALII-ORMA. 

be  seen  for  many  years  the  remains  of  an  old  cabin  that  was  built 
and  occupied  in  September,  '49,  by  a  company  of  pilgrims  who  came 
around  Cape  Horn  in  the  good  ship  "  Mayflower  "  from  New  Bed- 
ford, Mass. 

Up  there  by  the  bank,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek,  was  the 
old  log  cabin  in  which  lived  Uncle  Ned  Keegen,  and  he  continued 
to  occup}^  it  for  many  years,  at  the  present  time  living  with  his  fam- 
ily on  the  same  spot. 

Nearly  opposite,  on  the  flat,  was  a  more  pretentious  residence: 
a  costly  edifice,  and  an  illustration  of  the  expensive  habits  of  the 
Forty-niners,  being  constructed  of  shakes  and  pine  poles.  In  this 
were  domiciled  A.  F.  Bee,  his  brother  F.  A.  P'ee,  C.  C.  Batterman 
and  others,  who  came  around  Cape  Horn  in  the  ship  ''  Elizabeth 
Ellen,"  from  New  York. 

During  a  walk  down  Weaver  Creek,  we  saw  the  remains  of  the 
old  building  used  by  Darlington  as  a  store  in  '49,  and  upon  the 
flats  and  points,  as  we  passed  along  down  the  creek,  we  noticed  the 
remains  of  numerous  chimneys,  which  are  the  indications  of  the 
former  existence  of  cabins  that  were  occupied  by  the  Forty-niners; 
and  a  short  distance  below  the  village  of  Weaverville  a  few  years 
previously  could  be  seen  the  old  decayed  logs  and  chimney  of  the 
cabin  in  which  resided  Mr.  Frank  Pixley,  now  editor  of  the  Argo- 
naut^ San  Francisco,  who  engaged  in  mining  on  the  creek.  A  short 
distance  below,  the  remains  of  an  old  chimney  were  seen  that  be- 
longed to  a  cabin  which  was  occupied  by  three  or  four  Nan- 
tucket boys,  who  came  around  Cape  Horn  in  the  good  ship 
"Fanny." 

In  following  down  the  creek,  the  old  decayed  logs  and  ruins 
of  ancient  chimneys  could  be  seen  upon  various  points  and  flats 
that  were  used  as  homes  by  the  Forty-niners;  while  near  Cold 
Springs,  there  upon  the  side  hill,  is  plainly  visible  the  remains  of  a 
cabin  erected  in  '49  by  W.  Salmon  &  Co. 

Over  there  upon  that  point,  those  old  logs  and  fallen  chimney  is 
all  that  is  left  of  a  store  owned  by  Sturgess  &  Hill,  which  was  the 
first  store,  I  believe,  that  was  started  at  this  camp. 

I  might  continue  in  describing  the  present  appearances  of  the 
pleasant  homes  of  the  Forty-niners,  located  among  the  ravines  of 
the  mining  region;  but  the  reader  in  imagination  can  see  scattered 
around  about,  upon   every  available  spot,  the   ruins  of   what   was 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  241 

once  the  pleasant  abode  of  this  now  almost  extinguished  and  for- 
gotten race. 

But  what  an  interesting  book  that  would  be  to  the  Forty-niner. 
if  we  could  read  the  history  of  each  and  every  one  of  these  old  Forty- 
niners,  the  former  occupants  of  all  these  now  decayed  log  cabins; 
to  read  of  the  success  of  a  portion  of  them,  as  well  as  of  the  de- 
feated expectations  of  the  greater  number,  and  of  the  present  con- 
dition, where  living,  and  of  their  final  successor  failure  in  life.  And 
although  no  doubt  such  a  history  would  show  us  that  but  a  small 
proportion  of  those  old-timers  who  are  now  living  have  achieved 
success,  or  who  are  at  least  at  present  in  the  enjoyment  of  it,  yet  it 
cannot  be  doubted  but  that  the  desire  or  wish  would  be  unanimous 
to  live  over  again  the  scenes  and  incidents  of  the  past,  and  to  ex- 
perience once  more  the  exciting  pleasures  and  expectations  found 
only  among  the  mountains  of  the  mining  region.  Oh,  yes,  one 
would  answer;  if  we  could  only  know  what  we  have  since  learned 
in  relation  to  gold  mining;  but  such  knowledge  would  break  the  spell 
and  utterly  destroy  all  interest,  since  the  charm  not  only  in  seeking 
for  gold,  but  in  all  other  human  affairs,  consists  more  in  the 
anticipation  than  in  the  realization. 

There  is  one  fact  in  relation  to  all  of  these  old  cabins,  which 
were  built  and  occupied  by  the  Forty-niners,  which  may  be  of  some 
interest  to  mention.  In  early  mining  days  the  conveniences  for 
storing  and  taking  care  of  gold  dust  were  very  poor.  It  being 
plentiful,  the  miners  were  very  careless  in  handling  when  engaged 
in  drying  and  cleaning  it,  which  was  usually  done  upon  an  old 
shovel  or  an  old  pan.  The  consequence  was  that  much  of  the  fine 
dust  was  scattered  among  the  ashes  or  around  upon  the  floor.  The 
small  buckskin  sacks,  also,  in  which  each  one  usually  carried  about 
with  him  for  present  use  a  quantity  of  fine  dust,  were  of  poor  quality, 
and  through  the  seams  of  them  fine  dust  would  work  its  way  out. 

The  discovery  was  made  by  some  inquisitive  prospector,  in  the 
spring  of  '53,  that  the  most  of  these  ancient  castles  would  pay  to 
pan  out,  as  well  as  the  ash  heaps  in  front  of  the  door,  and  one  en- 
terprising prospector,  previous  to  the  fact  being  generally  known, 
bought  up  a  number  of  them,  from  which  he  realized  quite  a  sum. 
From  one  in  particular,  that  I  remember,  which  was  a  large  cabin 
and  had  been  occupied  by  a  number  of  miners  who  had  rich  claims, 
he  realized  the  sum  of  $600  from  the  dirt  scraped   up  from  under 


242  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

the  floor  and  the  fire  place.  These  old  cabins  were  hunted  for 
among  the  various  canons  and  ravines  (for  it  must  be  remembered, 
as  I  have  previously  explained,  that  this  portion  of  the  mining  region 
around  Hangtown,  as  well  as  Coloma  where  the  first  mining  was 
done,  was  worked  out,  and  was  almost  entirely  deserted  by  the  spring 
of  '54),  and  they  all  paid  well;  the  amount  cleaned  from  the  floor 
and  ash  heap,  as  a  general  rule,  giving  some  indication  of  the  suc- 
cess of  their  former  occupants. 

Many  of  the  old-timers,  when  starting  out  for  the  new  discover- 
ies in  the  spring  of  '50,  not  wishing  to  be  encumbered  with  their 
gold,  and  for  fear  also  of  losing  it,  would  in  such  cases  bury  it  some- 
where around  the  old  cabin  beneath  the  floor  or  stones  in  the  fire- 
place, or  in  some  other  locality,  until  they  returned.  Some  of  these 
hidden  tin  cans  were  afterwards  found,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but 
that  many  of  them  are  yet  remaining  securely  hidden  among  the 
rocks,  or  beneath  the  roots  of  some  large  tree;  for  a  portion  of  the 
miners  never  returned  to  the  old  mining  camp,  having  died  perhaps 
in  some  other  part  of  the  mining  region.  In  other  instances  as  of 
those  who  did  return,  two  or  three  years  afterwards,  perhaps,  they 
had  forgotten  where  they  had  buried  their  gold,  and  searched  for 
it  in  vain. 

I  remember  the  case  of  oneold  miner  in  particular,  who,  previous 
to  starting  out  upon  his  prospecting  expedition,  took  the  greatest 
pains  to  bury  his  can,  containing  several  thousand  dollars  worth  of 
dust.  And  he  did  it  in  a  very  scientific  manner:  measuring  so  many 
yards  due  north  from  a  certain  stump;  then  so  many  yards  due  west; 
then  so  many  to  the  right,  and  so  many  again  to  the  left,  etc.,  bury- 
ing his  can  at  the  last  point  of  measurement.  Of  course  he  made  a 
chart  of  all  this  in  true  surveyor's  style;  but  unfortunately  for  him 
he  lost  the  chart,  and  the  old  stump  was  gone  also.  So,  after  dig- 
ging and  prospecting  around  for  more  than  a  year  to  find  where 
that  last  point  of  measurement  was,  he  was  finally  compelled  to  give 
it  up,  and  the  can  yet  remains  hidden  only  a  few  feet  below  where 
that  last  little  peg  was  stuck  into  the  ground. 


CHAPTER    XVII. 


Meeting  of  the  Old-timers  —  The  Buckeye  Tunnel — The 
Best  as  it  is — Boozer  Who  got  Skunked — The  Hydraulic 
Miner — Mike's  Explanation. 

TO  an  old-timer  who  is  socially  inclined,  and  I  believe  this  is  a 
trait  of  character  peculiar  to  the  most  of  them,  there  is  noth- 
ing, at  least  of  a  social  nature,  that  can  be  more  agreeable  or  pleas- 
ing to  him  than  to  meet  with  the  old-timers  with  whom  he  was 
acquainted,  or  with  an  old  pard  with  whom  he  lived  and  worked 
nearly  forty  years  ago. 

It  was  upon  a  certain  occasion,  but  a  short  time  ago,  when,  hav- 
ing to  pass  through  an  old  mining  locality,  that  I  met  l)y  chance  at 
a  miner's  cabin  in  the  now  dreary  and  almost  deserted  mining  camp 
a  company  of  old  miners,  and  among  them  found  five  old-timers 
whom  I  had  known  nearly  forty  years  before  in  the  mining  regions, 
where  they  were  engaged  in  mining. 

For  instance,  here  was  old  Mike,  a  rare  specimen  from  the  "old 
sod,"  who  was  one  of  our  company  when  at  work  at  Kanaka  bar 
upon  the  South  fork  of  the  American  River,  in  the  winter  of  '50- 
'51.  He  was  a  man  overflowing  with  humor,  of  rare  intelligence 
and  generous  to  a  fault. 

Here  was  Tennessee  also,  who  was  a  fine  specimen  of  manhood 
from  the  State  which  gave  him  his  sobriquet,  a  man  who  was 
true  to  his  friends  and  with  few  enemies,  and  they  were  careful 
to  keep  out  of  his  way,  although  he  was  always  ready  to  forgive 
an  injury. 

Another  one  was  Jefi',  who  was  a  happy-go-lucky  specimen  of 
an  old-timer,  who  delighted  to  tramp  around  among  the  deep 
caiions  and  high  rocky  cliffs  for  a  prospect  ;  not,  however,  that 
he  expected  to  derive  any  benefit  from  the  rich  discoveries  that 
he  might  make,  but,  as  he  expressed  it,  it  did  just  make  him 
feel  awful  good  to  see  his  friends  and  relatives  enjoy  it. 

243 


244  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Here  was  Jim  also,  a  character  similar  in  many  respects  to 
Jeff,  and  who  like  the  latter  had  washed  from  the  soil  a  respect- 
able fortune  but  had  scattered  it  among  his  friends  and  relatives 
in  the  East,  this  manner  of  using  it  affording  him  the  greatest  en- 
joyment. 

And  last,  though  not  least  by  any  means,  was  Jersey,  The 
latter  in  early  mining  days  had  been  very  fortunate  in  all  his  min- 
ing enterprises  ;  had  made  and  lost  several  fortunes  in  assisting 
others,  and  even  now  in  his  old  age  was  confident  that  it  was  to  be  his 
good  fortune  to  once  more  strike  it  rich  in  some  far  away  and  re- 
mote mining  region,  for  to  his  mental  vision  distance  seemed  to 
lend  enchantment  to  the  view. 

There  were  present  old  Pike  and  Boozer,  who  were  yet  in  har- 
ness, trampmg  about  among  the  various  mountain  ranges  of  the 
coast,  wherever  the  indications  were  in  their  opinion  most  favorable 
for  another  raise  that  was  to  exceed  all  previous  ones. 

Here  also  was  Julius,  a  venerable  colored  individual  from  Bos- 
ton, an  old-timer,  too,  and  who  had,  like  Mike,  and  for  similar 
reasons,  abandoned  mining,  and  was  engaged  in  ranching. 

The  day  after  our  meeting  was  a  rainy  one,  and  was  spent  in 
relating  our  experiences  for  the  past  forty  years  in  the  various  min- 
ing sections  of  the  coast  ;  narrating  our  prospecting  adventures 
among  the  various  mountain  ranges  that  we  had  climbed  over, 
and  the  deep,  dark  cailons  through  which  we  had  tramped  in  hopes 
of  once  more  making  a  raise. 

It  was  interesting  to  hear  each  one  in  his  turn  relate  how 
near  upon  certain  occasions  he  came  to  striking  it  awfully  rich,  or 
what  he  might  have  done  if  so  and  so  had  not  occurred,  or  what  he 
didn't  do  and  ought  to  have  done,  while  another  would  explain 
how  near  he  came  to  making  a  big  thing  if  he  had  only  stuck  to  his 
claim  a  little  longer,  or  had  only  run  his  tunnel  in  a  little  farther. 

Yet  another  would  relate  how  he  spent  every  dollar  u!)on  his 
claim  by  sticking  to  it  a  little  too  long,  and  found  at  last  to  his  sor- 
row that  it  was  of  no  value  whatever. 

And  this  led  to  an  argument  upon  the  question  as  to  how  long 
a  miner  ought  to  stick  to  his  mine. 

Many  instances  were  related  to  show  how  a  great  number  missed 
it  by  abandoning  a  claim  too  soon,  before  bed  rock  had  been  struck 
in  the   shaft,  or  gravel  in   the  tunnel ;   while  other  cases  would  be 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


245 


246  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

mentioned  of  how  miners  had  spent  their  last  cent  in  prospecting  a 
claim  that  they  ought  to  have  quit  long  before,  as  all  their  friends 
advised  them  to  do. 

But  upon  the  whole  it  was  the  general  opinion  that  owing  to  the 
nature  of  the  business  it  was  very  uncertain  and  difficult  to  tell  ex- 
actly when  a  miner  should  abandon  his  mine,  for  it  was  found  that 
after  all  it  was  about  an  average,  since  just  as  many  hit  it  by  quit- 
ting a  mine  as  others  missed  it  by  hanging  on  too  long,  and  the 
number  who  hit  it  by  sticking  to  it  about  ecjualled  those  who  missed 
it  by  quitting  too  soon. 

It  was,  therefore,  decided  that  there  was  no  rule  to  be  governed 
by  in  arriving  at  a  conclusion,  but  that  a  miner  must  use  his  best 
judgment  and  trust  to  luck. 

One  miner  related  how  it  was  that  he  missed  making  a  fortune 
by  running  his  tunnel  a  little  too  "fur"  to  the  right,  and  another 
who  run  his  tunnel  a  "leetle  too  fur"  to  the  left.  A  third,  who 
worked  a  whole  year  in  running  his  tunnel  into  a  hill  where  the  rock 
was  hard,  and  no  gravel  making  its  appearance,  quit  in  despair,  but 
soon  after  others  went  in  to  work  and  running  the  tunnel  but  a  few 
feet  farther  struck  rich  gravel. 

One  old-timer  related  that  in  '53  he  and  five  others  v/orked  about 
fourteen  months  in  running  a  tunnel  into  a  rich  cement-capped  hill, 
expecting  when  they  started  to  strike  gravel  at  least  in  six  or 
eight  months.  The  storekeeper  in  town  who  was  furnishing  them 
with  supplies  told  them  that  he  would  be  compelled  to  close  down, 
for  he  had  not  the  means  to  continue  furnishing  them.  They  were 
in  a  bad  fix,  and  a  portion  of  the  company  were  in  favor  of  aban- 
doning the  mine  at  once,  but  were  finally  persuaded  to  run  one 
more  week,  and  then  if  not  through  the  bed  rock  to  quit  for  good 
and  all. 

At  noon  upon  the  Saturday  following  they  quit  the  mine  where 
they  had  worked  faithfully  for  more  than  fourteen  months  in  the 
hardest  kind  of  blue  porphery,  and  concluded  to  try  another  hill 
near  at  hand,  where  the  prospects  seemed  more  favorable. 

In  the  afternoon  five  of  them  donned  their  store  clothes,  went 
into  town  and  reported  to  the  storekeeper  the  state  of  affairs,  but 
promised  to  go  to  work  immediately  in  the  ravine  and  pay  up  their 
indebtedness  as  soon  as  possible.  The  old  miner,  continuing,  said 
that  "  one  young  chap  they  called   Sandy  didn't  go  into  town  with 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


247 


AN    UNEXPECTED    FEAST 


248  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

us,  but  as  soon  as  we  had  started  for  town  he  takes  his  tools  and 
candle  and  goes  on  a  prospecting  expedition  in  the  tunnel  which 
we  had  abandoned  forever." 

When  we  quit  work  at  noon  there  was  a  large  block  of  prophery 
overhead  which  seemed  to  be  loose,  but  we  didn't  think  it  worth 
while  to  remove  it. 

Sandy  said  afterwards  that  while  eating  his  d'nnerhe  was  think- 
ing all  the  time  about  that  loose  rock,  and  that  w  .  ought  to  have 
wedged  it  out,  and  that  was  just  what  he  remained  at  home  for. 
With  the  gads  and  sledge  it  soon  fell  from  its  place,  and  upon  ex- 
amination he  discovered,  to  his  astonishment,  sand  and  gravel  on 
its  upper  side.  Upon  holding  up  his  candle  he  found  that  we  had 
sure  and  sartin  struck  pay  gravel.  Sandy  tried  a  pan  of  it  and  found 
it  rich  beyond  all  expectation. 

Upon  our  return  from  town  to  the  cabin  at  night  we  found  the 
table  all  set  in  the  very  highest  style  of  art,  and  bottles  of  cham- 
pagne were  included  in  the  bill  of  fare.  We  thought  Sandy  had 
gone  crazy  sure  in  thinking  perhaps  of  his  great  disappointment, 
but  when  asked  for  an  explanation  he  only  pointed  at  our  gold  pan 
which  we  saw  in  the  center  of  the  table  and  resting  upon  the  bot- 
tles of  champagne.  Upon  looking  into  the  pan  we  saw  several 
dollars'  worth  of  gold  dust  in  the  bottom  of  it,  and  when  we  asked 
him  w'nere  it  came  from  he  pointed  his  finger  in  the  direction  of  the 
tunnel,  but  we  wouldn't  believe  a  word  of  it  until  we  had  all  marched 
in,  in  single  file,  to  the  end  of  the  tunnel  and  seen  with  our  own 
eyes  the  rich  gravel  above. 

Well,  we  invited  in  the  boys  around,  and  you  bet  we  just  made 
the  night  howl.  The  next  day  was  Sunday  and  the  folks  around 
that  camp  were  astonished  to  see  the  whole  of  the  I'uckeye  Tunnel 
Company  march  into  church  dressed  in  their  best  for  the  first  time 
since  they  had  been  in  the  country.  For  you  see  we  all  felt  kinder 
inclined  that  way  after  our  good  fortune  in  striking  pay  gravel. 

And  these  illustrations  led  to  a  discussion  by  the  old  miners  of 
the  uncertainty  of  not  only  the  mining  industry,  but  of  human 
affairs  in  general,  and  old  Mike  remarked  : 

"Yis,  yis,  me  b'ys,  so  goes  ther  wuorld,  for  'tis  now  yez  do  and 
now  yez  don't.  And  again,  jist  as  ye  do  ye  don't  at  all,  at  all,  for 
'tis  jist  always  afther  being  a  leetle  too  fur  to  the  right,  or  a  leetle 
too  fur  to  ther  left,  de  yez  see,  with  all  of  us.     I  tell  ye,  b'ys,  this 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  249 

mining  businsss  is  afther  being  like  all  other  kinds  of  business 
jist ;  'tis  always  jist  a  leetle  ahead  of  us,  de  yez  see,  and  jist  at 
that  pint  when  yez  are  afther  ixpecting  it  ther  most,  and  jist  as  yez 
are  commincing  to  faigure  out  where  yez  be  afther  goin,  and  what 
yez  be  afther  doin,  and  how  yez'll  be  afther  spinding  all  your  money, 
do  yez  moind,  'tis  jist  at  this  pint,  me  b'ys,  ther  bed  rock  kicks  up 
and  shlaps  yez  in  ther  face,  and  thin  ther  purr  divil  of  a  miner  curses 
his  luck,  piles  his  blankets  and  tools  upon  his  back-  and  thramps 
around  to  find  another  rich  mine  that'll  sarve  him  ther  same  thrick. 
But  ye  ould  miners  are  always  jist  afther  foinding  ther  spot  thet'll 
stick  right  by  yez,  where  yez  will  some  day  be  afther  makin  yer 
pile,  and  'tis  these  ixpectations  thet  kapes  yez  agoin',  thrampin 
around  among  ther  hills,  all  over  ther  country,  hunting  for  that 
same,  but  'tis  always  jist  a  leetle  ahead  of  yez,  jist  as  'tis  in  all 
other  kinds  of  business  in  this  wuorld.  And,  be  jabers,  'tis  moity 
few  of  them  who  are  ever  afther  catchin  up  with  it  at  all,  at  all,  do 
yez  moind  thin." 

"Yes  Mike",  Yank  remarked,  "all  human  affairs  are  mighty  un- 
certain, and  few  of  us  meet  with  what  we  expect;  but  then  we  must 
keep  pegging  away,  and  never  say  die,  as  long  as  our  grub  holds  out." 

"  Tis  thrue  for  yez,  yez  must  do  that  same,  an'  be  jabers  thin, 
yez'l  be  afther  findin'  some  toime,  if  yez  sticks  to  it  faithfully,  that 
yez  will  be  afther  sthriking  it  rich,  and  with  the  bed  rock  pitchin' 
jist  whin  yez  are  ther  laist  ixpicting  it  at  all,  at  all,  for  that's  the 
way  it  works  with  all  of  us." 

Then  Jersey  remarked:  "Well,  boys,  what  a  heap  of  trouble,  vex- 
ation, and  disappointment  would  be  saved  in  this  life,  if  we  all  knew 
just  where  and  when  to  begin;  where  to  stop;  when  to  turn  a  little 
to  the  right,  or  when  to  turn  a  little  more  to  the  left,  or  just  how 
long  to  keep  a  goin'  either  way  in  all  of  our  affairs  ;  then,  when  we 
come  to  get  old,  and  to  look  back  upon  our  past  life, we  would  escape 
from  all  the  vexation  of  thinking  :  oh,  now  if  we  had  only  done  so 
and  so  at  such  a  time,  if  we  had  only  gone  a  little  further  to  the 
right  upon  such  an  occasion,  or  a  little  further  to  the  left  at  an- 
other time,  or  had  only  quit,  or  had  gone  on,  or  had  gone  to  such  a 
place,  how  much  better  would  it  have  been." 

"No,  no:  not  at  all,  at  all!"  interrupted  Mike,  "  for  if  we  was  all 
afther  doin'  that  same,  we  wouldn't  be  contint  at  all,  no  more  than 
we  are  at  presint,  for  then  'twould  be  ther  great  (piantity  we  would 


250  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

all  be  afther  ixpictin'  ther  whoile,  do  yez  moincl!  jist  for  ther  sake 
of  batin  all  ther  rist  of  ther  bys  do  yez  see,  and  we  wud  all  be  dis- 
appointed ther  same,  an  now,  be  jabers!  'tis  ther  best  as  it  is  now  in 
me  own  opinion  afther  all.  And  thin  agin',  me  by's,  if  all  ther  know- 
ledge an'  exparience  which  it  takes  a  life-toime  to  learn  is  all 
afther  bein'  understood  in  ther  begining,  ther  problem  of  life  wud 
be  solved;  but,  be  jabers,  b'ys,  what  wud  sich  a  life  be  good  for  at 
all?  P'ray  from  all  vexation  and  trouble,  indade  thin  we  wu'd  live 
like  ther  baists  in  ther  failds;  satisfied  and  contint  under  any  con- 
dition, an'  begorra!  we  wu'd  soon  larn  to  browse  by  ther  wayside, 
an'  be  thankful  for  the  loikes  of  it." 

Just  at  this  point  another  old  miner,  a  long  lean  specimen  of  antiq- 
uity from  the  State  of  Arkansas,  and  who  had  been  asleep  in  the 
corner,  now  aroused  up  and  remarked:  *'  Well  boys,  that  is  a  fact  as 
Mike  says,  for  'tis  now  you  do,  and  then  ag'in  you  don't;  but  I 
never  told  you  boys  how  I  got  skunked  once  out  of  a  good  claim 
did  I  ?  No,  for  I  don't  like  to  tell  it,  for  it  has  sich  a  smell  that 
it  makes  me  sick. 

"  But  this  is  how  I  got  left,  by  going  a  leettle  too  fur  to  the  right 
or  to  the  left,  I  never  knew  which. 

"  You  see  'twas  down  in  Calevaras,  along  in  the  spring  of  51,  I 
took  my  gun  one  da)^,  and  went  out  a  few  miles  among  the  hills  on 
a  hunt;  well  I  come  across  a  deep  ravine  that  looked  as  though  it 
might  be  tolerable  rich;  it  never  had  been  prospected  much  any- 
way, and  I  concluded  to  do  a  little  panning  jest  for  fun;  there  were' 
some  boys  livin'  about  two  miles  from  this  ravine  that  I  knew,  so  I 
went  over  to  their  cabin,  and  borrowed  a  pick,  pan  and  shovel,  and 
I  tell  you  that  I  struck  it  rich;  I  found  the  gravel  about  four  feet 
deep  to  the  bed  rock,  and  I  got  as  much  as  ten  dollars  to  a  pan. 
After  panning  out  about  $75,  I  filled  up  the  hole  again,  covered  it 
over  with  brush,  so  as  to  make  it  look  jest  natural  like,  and 
started  for  home. 

"  When  I  took  home  ther  borrowed  tools,  the  boys  wanted  to 
know  if  I  found  anything  over  in  that  ravine  where  I  was  prospect- 
ing? I  said  no,  nothing  much  ;  but  they  kinder  suspicioned  from 
my  looks  that  1  had  found  good  prospects;  I  hurried  home,  and 
made  up  my  mind  to  git  my  tools,  mining  notice  and  everything 
ready,  and  start  out  early  in  the  morning  before  daylight  for  my 
rich  ravine. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


251 


"  Well  I  was  on  the  way  out  thar  about  daylight  the  next  morn- 
ing, and  went  around  another  way,  so  them  chaps  that  I  borrowed 
ther  tools  from  wouldn't  see  me. 

"  When  I  had  got  almost  to  ther  ravine,  in  crossing  over  a  hill,  I 
jest  ran  a-toul  of  a  big  skunk  right  in  ther  trail,  I  tried  to  git  around 
him,  but  he  walked  right  up  towards  me,  so  I  threw  down  my  tools, 
picked  up  some  rocks,  and  went  for  him;  but,  somehow  or  other, 
I  couldn't  hit  him,  and  he  jest  kept  on   drivin'  me   back  down  ther 


/  /jm  ^.^. 


hill,  but  I  picked  up  a  big  club  and  laid  him  out  cold,  after  foolin' 
away  more'n  an  hour  trying  to  kill  ther  odoriferous  cuss;  then  I  took 
up  my  tools  and  hurried  over  ther  hill  down  into  my  rich  ravine. 

"  But  I  tell  you,  boys,  jest  as  soon  as  I  come  in  sight  of  it  I  was 
mad  clean  through,  now  you  bet,  for  right  down  thar  on  my  rich 
claim,  and  hard  at  work,  was  them  chaps  that  I  hed  borrowed  ther 
tools  of;  they  had  got  ahead  of  me,  while  I  was  foolin'  with  that 
skunk,  and  hed  taken  up  the  whole  ravine. 

I  tried  to  reason  with  ther  fellers,  told  them  that  I  hed  sunk  a 


252  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

hole  thar  the  day  before,  and  had  therefore  aright  to  it;  they  wanted 
me  to  jest  show  them  where  I  had  sunk  a  prospect  hole,  so  I  went 
to  ther  pile  of  brush,  and  says  I  *  right  thar,'  they  said  thet  no  hole 
had  ever  been  dug  thar  at  all,  so  I  jest  kicked  away  ther  brush  to 
show  'em,  and  I'll  be  dolgerned,  if  thar  wasn't  a  slate  ledge  right 
under  it;  them  boys  had  moved  that  brush  either  to  the  right,  or  a 
leetle  to  the  left,  so  I  couldn't  tell  whar  ther  spot  was  myself,  and 
thet's  how  I  got  skunked  out  of  a  rich  claim." 

''There,"  says  Tennessee,  "now  I  have  found  out  ther  reason 
why  we  never  could  get  old  Boozer  to  play  a  game  of  euchre  with 
us,  he  was  afraid  of  getting  skunked  again." 

"  Well,  now,"  old  pard,  "  replied  Boozer,  Ireckon  yer  hev  struck  it 
right  squar  on  ther  head,  don't  want  any  more  of  the  animile  in 
mine.  Wh)',  boys,  I  hev  been  studyin'  gee-ology  and  gee-ography 
for  nigh  forty  years,  jest  to  see  if  I  couldn't  find  some  country  whar 
they  don't  raise  skunks,  and  as  soon  as  I  can  find  one  I'm  jest  a- 
goin'  to  emigrate  thar,  you  bet." 

Another  miner  now  expla  ned  how  it  was  that  he  and  three  others 
who  owned  a  valuable  mine  up  in  Nevada  County  lost  it.  He  ex- 
plained that  it  was  an  hydraulic  mine,  and  they  had  used  all  their 
means,  as  well  as  more  than  two  years  of  hard  work,  to  get  started 
in  working  it,  when  up  come  the  officers  and  forbid  them  running 
their  tailings  into  the  creek,  and  he  continued  by  saying  : 

"  This  was  an  infamous  outrage,  after  having  spent  our  money 
and  labor,  then  to  be  compelled  to  quit  work  just  because  a  few 
little  one-horse  ranchers  below  in  the  valley  made  a  fuss  because 
our  gravel  covered  up  their  potato  patches  and  radish  beds.  Now 
it  is  plain  to  any  reasonable,  sensible  man  that  mining  being  the 
chief  industry  of  the  country,  and  the  original  industry,  too — for 
'tis  just  what  brought  us  all  here  and  nothmg  else — we  have  the  first 
right  to  mine  or  to  get  the  gold  from  the  hills  in  any  manner  we  see 
fit ;  and  these  ranchers  have  no  right  to  settle  upon,  or  to  under- 
take to  cultivate  the  ground  in  the  valley  and  on  the  flats  below 
where  curtailings  will  lodge.  If  they  do,  in  my  opinion  they  should 
be  the  ones  to  suffer  the  consequence  and  not  the  miners.  Why, 
just  see  the  effect  of  stopping  all  of  this  hydraulic  mining.  There 
is  $15,000,000  in  gold  taken  from  our  money  circulation  yearly  ; 
now  how  many  centuries  would  it  take  them  little  ranchers  to  raise 
that  amount  of  money  upon  the  land   that  they  say  we  have  ruined 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  253 

forever  ?     Why,  thej'  never  could  do  it,  and  we  have  got  to  lose  our 
valuable  mining  property  jest  because  the  judge  is  agin  us." 

At  this  point  Mike  interrujited  the  hydraulic  miner  by  asking  : 

"  Do  you  understhand  ther  raisons  why  ther  judge  was  aginst 
ye?"  He  said  no,  he  couldn't  exactly  understand  it,  unless  he 
owned  a  potato  patch  himself  somewhere  and  was  afraid  it  might 
git  covered  up. 

"  No,"  says  Mike,  "  that's  not  ther  raison  at  all  ;  for  don't  yez 
know  that  in  a  fray  counthry  ther  loikes  of  this,  where  ther  paple 
thimselves  are  ther  rale  sovereigns,  thin  it  is  recognized  be  univer- 
sal consint,  do  ye  moind,  that  no  man  shall  be  afther  following  any 
business,  do  yez  see,  that  shall  in  any  manner  be  afther  continually 
injuring  or  destroying  ther  property  of  anither." 

"  Oh,  yes,"  replied  the  miner,  "  that  is  all  right,  but  remember 
that  this  is  a  mining  country.  We  were  here  first  and  bought  our 
mining  ground  from  the  government  with  the  privilege  of  working 
it  to  the  best  advantage," 

"  Faith,"  retorted  Mike,  "  'tis  thrue  ainough  that  we  miners 
came  here  ther  first,  but,  me  b'y,  that  cannot  prevint  others  from 
comin'  here  and  engagin'  in  any  other  koind  of  business  they  plaise. 
Because  we  miners  came  here  first  is  no  raison  why  we  should  con- 
trol ther  forest  or  ther  mountain  strames.  We  would  have  no  right, 
because  we  was  afther  using  ther  wathers  first  to  dam  them  up  and 
prevint  thim  from  running  into  ther  valleys  below.  We  have  aright 
to  moine,  that  none  can  deny,  and  in  any  manner  we  plaise,  so  that 
we  aren't  afther  harmin'  anybody  else  ;  but,  begorra,  thin,  have  we 
a  right  to  wash  all  ther  sile  from  ther  hills  above  into  ther  valleys 
and  straims  below  jest  for  ther  gould  that's  in  thim,  and  prevint  the 
paple  from  making  an  honest  living  upon  the  rich  flats  and  bottom 
lands,  that  we  wud  be  afther  covering  up  with  our  tailings,  begorra. 
An'  thin  agin,  if  that  same  idee  or  priority  of  right  was  the  true  one, 
where  thin,  be  jabers,  wud  yez  be  afther  stopping,  for  wouldn't  Mr. 
Marshall  thin  who  was  ther  first  diskiverer  of  gould,  have  ther  right 
as  ther  first  diskiverer  of  bossing  ther  whole  business,  be  jabers." 

"  Well,"  says  the  old  miner,  "you  must  admit  that  the  loss  to 
the  country  of  fifteen  millions  a  year  is  a  heavy  one  to  take  from 
our  money  circulation." 

"  Indade,  thin,  yez  miners  who  dig  it  out  from  ther  sile,  are  not 
afther  saying  much  of  ther  same.     'Tis  thrue  that  it  is  not  afther 


254  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

drawin  much  interest  whilst  lying  idle  there  in  ther  hills, but,be  jabers, 
'tis  ther  safest  place  to  kape  it  thin,  and  yez  can  always  find  it,  for 
there  it  is  ;  but  when  'tis  afther  gittin  into  thim  bank  vaults  in  ther 
big  city  below,  divil  a  bit  are  yez  afther  sayin'  ther  color  ov  it  agin, 
at  all.  at  all.  And  thin,  agin,  me  b'y,  did  yez  ever  know  of  a  miner, 
or  many  of  thim  at  laist,  who  was  willin'  to  pay  ther  rancher  for 
ther  land,  fences,  or  for  ther  crops  they  desthroyed  ?  And  indade 
thin,  are  yez  yourself  willin'  to  go  and  pay  for  ther  damages  yez  wud 
be  afther  doin',  and  don't  yez  think  that  wud  be  right  ? " 

"  Oh,  yes,  in  some  cases,  if  the  ranchers  would  be  satisfied  with 
a  fair  price  for  damages." 

"  Ah,  yis  !  if  they  wud  only  let  yez,  the  miners,  assess  ther  dam- 
ages thin,  but,  begorra,  'twud  be  little  ainough  they  wud  be  afther 
recaivin,  in  moi  opinion." 

''  Well,  I  admit,"  says  the  miner,  "  that  'tis  very  unfortunate. 
But  we  are  not  responsible  for  their  loss,  for  the  ranchers  should 
not  have  made  their  homes  in  such  localities." 

Jersey  now  asked  Mike  if  he  didn't  think  that  dams  could  be 
constructed  that  would  prevent  the  sand  and  gravel  from  doing  any 
injury.  Mike  answered  "that  sich  dams  wud  answer  only  for  a 
toime,  for  owin'  to  carelessness,  accident  or  bad  wuork,  ther 
toime  wud  come  whin  ther  sand  and  gravel  in  thim  dams  wud  all 
raich  ther  lower  livils  be  ther  natural  law  of  gravity,  begorra,  and 
for  this  raison,  in  me  own  opinion,  it  wud  be  a  waste  of  toime  and 
money  to  attempt  it  ;  but  the  only  way  it  can  be  done,  if  at  all,  wud 
be  to  build  brush  and  log  dams  high  up  among  ther  hills  ter  kape 
back  ther  big  rocks  and  ther  coarser  stuff,  and  thin  by  ther  mains 
of  flumes  to  run  ther  sand  and  finer  material  out  upon  ther  tule 
lands." 

An  old  rancher  now  made  the  remark  that  in  early  days  he 
thought  the  miners,  or  at  least  a  portion  of  them,  were  rather  of  a 
selfish  nature,  and  were  not  disposed  to  pay  much  respect  to  the 
rights  of  anybody  else  but  the  miners. 

"  Why,  in  the  opinion  of  many  of  them,"  said  he,  "  no  man  had 
any  right  to  fence  in  or  to  cultivate  a  piece  of  ground," 

"  A  neighbor  of  mine  in  '53,  up  in  Placer  County,  had  a  fine  gar- 
den ;  but  it  happened  to  be  in  the  way  of  some  miners  who  were  at 
work  above.  They  tore  down  the  fence  and  covered  ther  garden 
with  tailings,   and  refused  to  pay  for  any  damages,  maintaming  that 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  255 

the  country  belonged  exclusively  to  the  miners,  and  no  man  had 
therefore  any  right  to  fence  in  or  to  use  ground  for  any  other  pur- 
pose than  for  mining. "- 

Another  old  hydraulic  miner  now  remarked  that  hydraulic  min- 
ing did  not  cause  all  the  injury  to  the  lands  and  streams  in  the  val- 
leys below  that  it  was  supposed  it  did;  for  the  discovery  was  made 
by  a  man  up  in  the  mining  region,  a  very  observing  man,  too, 
who  testified  upon  the  stand  at  Sacramento,  during  the  trial  between 
the  miners  and  ranchers,  that  a  portion  of  the  injury  to  the  farmers, 
as  well  as  to  the  streams,  was  caused  by  the  tramping  of  cattle 
among  the  hills  in  the  mountain  regions,  an'  the  heavy  rains  of  win- 
ter washed  this  loose  soil  which  their  hoofs  had  loosened  up  into 
the  valleys  below,  thereby  causing  much  of  the  damage  which  has 
been  heretofore  attributed  to  mining.  "Now,"  he  asked,  "aint  that 
a  very  ingenious,  as  well  as  a  very  reasonable  view  of  the  question 
and  who  can  deny  it  ?  '^ 

"Yis,  indade,  thin,  it  is  a  very  raisonable  view  of  ther  question," 
answered  Mike,  "which  none  of  yez  can  deny  at  all:  an'  be  jabers 
thin,  he  might  have  included,  too,  that  thim  barnyard  fowls  also  in 
scratchin'  for  ther  wurms  to  fade  ther  chicky-biddies,  loosened  up 
ther  light  sile,  do  yez  moind,  an'  'tis  ther  jint  operation  ov  these 
two  moity  forces,  begorra,  that  not  only  kiver  up  an'  destroy  the 
potato,  an'  ther  turnip  patches  of  ther  farmers,  but  'tis  thim  which 
fill  up  ther  navigable  straims  too,  an'  unless  previnted  in  toirae,  will 
destroy  thim  all,  an',  be  jabers,  they  will  transform  thim  big 
bays  below  into  shallow  swarmps  an'  frog  ponds.  An'  faith  thin  " 
continued  Mike,  "  I'm  afther  thinkin'  that  'tis  ther  jint  operation  ov 
these  same  tirific  fowl  an'  cloven  hoofed  forces,  from  havin' 
been  continualy  in  operation  through  long  pariods  of  toime,  do  yez 
moind,  that  have  scooped  out  thim  dape  canons,  an'  goughed  out 
thimdape  channels  ov  thim  mountain  straims,  too,  do  yez  see;  which 
has  been  wrongfully  attributed  by  all  ov  thim  scientific  b'ys,  as  an 
effect  of  volcanic  an'  of  glacial  action,  begorra." 

Jim  now  enquired  of  Mike,  if  the  fact  of  their  desire  to  work 
their  mines  was,  in  his  opinion,  an  evidence  that  the  miners  were  of 
a  more  selfish  nature  than  any  other  class  of  men,  or  more  inclined 
to  encroach  upon  the  rights  of  others  ?  "No,  indade,  not  at  all!" 
Mike  answered,  "but  'tis  only  in  ther  opportunity  that  yez  have  of 
showing  it  thin,  owing  intoirlv  to  ther  conflict  betwain   ther  two  n-!- 


256  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

therists,  that  is  av  ranching  an'  minin',  for  human  nature  is  afther 
being  ther  same  in  both  ov  yez;  an'  be  jabers!  if  thim  hydraulic 
miners  was  after  changing  places  wid  ther  ranchers,  do  yez  suppose 
ther  latter  vvud  be  afther  stopping  ther  minin'  business,  for  fear  of 
injurin'  ther  b'ys  below,  any  quicker  than  ther  prisent  miners  wud 
do  ?  Divil  a  bit  wud  they  be  afther  doin'  that  same,  for,  indade,  me 
by's,  we  are  all  ov  us  afther  being  built  of  ther  same  material,  an* 
be  jabers!  'tis  our  interests  which  detarmines  ther  view  that  we  take 
ov  things  after  all.  An*  indade  thin,"  continued  Mike  "  I  remember 
a  case  that  occurred  up  in  ther  mountains  in  early  days,  that  illus- 
trates this  p'int.  A  miner  tore  down  the  fence,  an'  run  his  tailin's 
upon  the  garden  ov  a  neighbor,  ah*  to  hear  this  miner  talk  ov  his 
rights  when  the  gardner  objected  to  the  outrage,  be  jabers. 
yez  wud  jest  be  afther  concludin  that  the  great  Jehovah  made  ther 
counthry  ixpresly  for  ther  miner,  an'  that  noboby  else  hed  any  busi- 
ness here  at  all,  an*  that  this  stoyle  ov  man,  ther  miner,  was  the  only 
one  worth  ther  trouble  av  putting  ther  breath  av  life  into  at  all  ! 
at  all  ! 

"  Well  now,  do  yez  moind,  it  happened  a  few  years  afther  that  this 
same  miner  was  afther  tryin'  ther  business  of  ranchin'  himself,  an' 
about  ther  same  toime,  too,  this  gardner  sold  out  his  ranch  an'  fol- 
lowed ther  business  ov  minm'  and,  quare  enough,  he  found  a  good 
prospect  upon  ther  ranch  ov  ther  other  chap,  an'  now  bejabers!  here 
was  ther  case  jest  after  bein'  revarsed. 

"  It  wud  hev  done  yer  sowl  good  to  hear  this  ould  rancher,  who 
was  now  afther  bein'  a  miner,  jest  give  it  to  ther  ould  miner  who  was 
now  afther  ranchin',  an'  he  paid  him  off  swately  in  his  own  kine,  be- 
gorra  !  Well,  afther  quarrellin'  awhoile  about  ther  rights  of  aich 
one,  they  finally  was  afther  concludin'  that  both  of  thim  had  certain 
rights,  an'  if  they  were  careful  and  aich  one  of  thim  to  do  ther  fair 
thing,  there  wud  be  no  throuble  at  all,  at  all,  so  ther  miner  agreed  to 
do  as  little  harrum  as  possible  and  fill  up  his  diggings  again." 

Jeff  now  inquired  of  Mike  if  he  didn't  consider  it  a  great  injury 
to  the  country  in  general,  but  more  especially  to  the  working  clas- 
ses, shutting  down  the  hydraulic  mines,  consequently  taking  such 
a  large  amount  of  money  from  our  circulation  ? 

"  Ah,  yis,"  said  Mike,  "  indade  thin  'twud  be  a  blessing  to  ther 
workin'  men  of  ther  counthry  to  have  that  same  in  circulation 
among  thim,  if  they  was  afther  handling  much  of  the  same  ;  but, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  257 

me  b'ys,  I  tell  yez  that  ther  workingmen  of  the  counthry  have  but 
little  opportunity  av  aither  saing  or  handling  much  av  ther  same  at 
ail,  at  all." 

"  But,"  queried  another,  "  in  the  circulation  of  money  each  one 
gets  his  share,  does  he  not  ? '' 

"So  he  ought,  thin,  if  he  was  afther  earning  the  same  ;  but  divil 
a  bit  is  he  afther  doin'  anything  ov  ther  koind,  an'  for  this  raisin, 
me  b'ys,  that  if  that  same  was  ther  rule,  why,  'tis  plain  enough,  do 
yez  moind,  that  ther  more  gould  there  was  afther  bein'  scattered 
about  among  us,  ther  greater  quantity  aich  one  av  us  wud  be  afther 
gittin'  hould  ov,  sure.  But  do  yez  moind,  thin,  it  don't  wurruk 
that  way  at  all,  at  all.  It  is  not  becase  thim  b'ys  who  hev  scraped 
togither  ther  biggest  share  ov  money  are  more  selfish  than  any  the 
rest  ov  thim,  devil  a  bit,  but,  b'ys,  'tis  in  ther  nature  ov  gould  it- 
self, which  is  afther  follerin'  a  law  of  its  own,  begob  !  an'  has  away 
ov  scrapin'  itself  in  a  hape  into  ther  hands  ov  a  few  of  ther  b'ys, 
who  have  already  more  than  they  are  afther  having  any  use  for. 
And  'tis  for  that  raison,  b'ys,  that  in  me  own  opinion  'tis  jest  as  well 
for  that  gould  to  remain  in  thim  hills  where  it  belongs,  and  kape  it 
out  of  their  hands." 

"Ah,  Mike,  but  that's  a  wrong  idea  you've  got  about  money," 
remarked  Jeff.  "  Fifteen  millions  a  year  from  the  money  circulation 
means  poverty  to  many  a  poor  family.  Why,  what  vvould  your  little 
ranch  be  worth,  with  its  grapevines  and  its  peach  trees,  if  we  should 
all  quit  mining  ?  Ain't  it  us  miners  who  give  you  a  market  for  your 
stuff?" 

"  Oh,  yis,  me  b'y,  to  some  extint  'tis  thrue  that  we  depind  on  you 
miners  to  buy  much  ov  our  stuff,  but  not  entoirly,  thin,begorra  ! 
Ain't  It  thrue  ainough  that  as  ther  yaild  from  ther  mines  decreases 
other  industries  are  containually  improvin'  ther  whoile  in  ther 
same  proportion,  be  jabers  ?  Indade,  thin,  to  hear  some  of  yez  old 
miners  talk,  we'd  be  afther  thinkin'  that  if  mining  wud  stop  en- 
toirely  the  earth  itself  wud  stop  revolving  upon  its  axis  thin,  an',  be 
jabers,  all  human  affairs,  too,  would  jest  be  afther  remaining  sta- 
tionary. But  divil  a  bit  wud  sich  a  state  of  affairs  occur  at  all,  at 
all  !  Thim  river  mines  and  ther  quartz  ledges  will  continue  to 
yaild  sufficient  gould  for  ther  business  of  ther  counthry  for  hun- 
dreds of  years  yit,  without  the  necessity  in  me  own  opinion  ovcoverin' 
up  and  destroyin'  ther  property  or  ov  fillin'  uj)  ther  straims  below." 


258  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

"  Oh,  yes,"  said  the  old  hydraulic  miner,  "  that  is  all  very  well, 
but  what's  to  become  of  all  of  us  miners  who  are  depending  for  our 
living  upon  the  hydraulic  mines,  and  how  are  we  to  support  our 
famil'cs  ?  " 

"  Be  jabers,  thin!"  answered  Mike,  "  yez  can  beafther  doin'  what 
a  hape  ov  other  ould  moiners  have  done,  thin,  who  loike  meself 
couldn't  make  a  dacent  living  at  ther  business,  begorra;  fince  in 
thin  a  paice  ov  the  sile,  an'  plant  into  it  thim  grape  vines,  ther  fruit 
trees,  an'  ther  loikes  ov  thim,  an' be  jabers  yez'll  be  afther  toindin 
in  a  short  toime  that  'tis  ther  best  an'  ther  aisiest  way  ov  fightin 
the  battle  ov  life;  lyin'  in  ambush  for  ycr  inimies  among  the  grape 
vines  an'  trees  ov  ther  paich  orchard,  or  skarmishin'  with  distiny 
from  behind  a  gardin  fince,  begorra!  For  do  yez  moind,  thin,  an' 
'aint  ther  taties,  ther  cabbages,  ther  fruit  trees  an'  ther  loikes  of 
thim,  afther  growin'  ther  whoilewhni  yez  are  slapein.  Now,  me  b'ys, 
jest  be  afther  doin'  that  same  and  yez  niver'll  be  sighin'  or  gravin' 
for  ther  loss  ov  thim  hydraulic  pipes  that  are  ther  whole  toime 
throwin'  thim  grand  ould  hills  into  ther  vallies  below,  be  jabers  ! 

"  And  indade,  thin,  in  obsarving  ther  immense  power  ov  wather^ 
the  aise  and  ther  great  ripidity  that  yez  have  in  washin'  away  thim 
big  hills  from  above,  I  have  been  afther  thinkin'  to  meself  what 
a  foine  hand  ther  Prophet  Mahomet  wud  be  after  houldin'  if  he 
could  only  descind  with  his  followers  from  ther  heavenly  regions 
above,  an'  strike  bottom  up  in  the  Sacramento  valley. 

"Wudn't  ther  b'ys  jest,  With  thim  hydraulic  giants,  be  moighty  wil- 
lin'  to  accommodate  ther  auld  gintlemen,  whin  he  demanded  one  of 
thim  big  hills  above  to  jest  be  afther  comin'  down  to  him  thin,  an' 
they  wud  smd  it  down  to  him  by  the  aisiest  an' quickest  mode  of  con- 
veyance, lie  jabers;  they  wud  ship  it  by  wather,  C.  O.  D.,  comin'  on 
demand,  do  yez  moind,  an'  begorra!  wudn't  ther  ould  gintlemen 
jest  be  afther  houldin'  a  strait  flush,  thin,  faith  an'  he  wud." 


THE  ARGOXAUJS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 


259 


CHAPTER   XVII I. 


Whv  Are  so  Many  of  the  Old-timers  so  Poor — The  Uncertainty 
OF  Mining — Tex  and  Barton  Lee — Tex  and  the  Hound — Tex 
ON  Board  the  Steamer — Tex  at  Golgona. 

AN  old  rancher,  a  neighbor  of  Mike,  who  was  present,  now  asked 
the  question,  why  it  was  that  so  many  of  the  old  pioneers  were 
so  poor ''  for  being  here  at  the  first,  when  the  mines  were  so  rich,  the 
gold  so  easy  to  get,  and  all  kinds  of  business  so  good,  they  should 
all  be  wealthy  now. 

"No!  not  all!  "  explained  Mike.  "  It  is  thrue  ainough  that  we 
old  pioneers  got  ther  craroe  ov  it  by  being  here  first,  but  yez  see  we 
thought  'twas  jest  agom'  to  last  ther  whole  toime,  and  that  there 
could  be  no  ind  to  it,  do  yez  moind,  so  we  spint  our  money  frayly, 
for  it  comeaisy,  an'  went  ther  same  way.  Whin  ther  shallow  placer 
mines  begun  to  give  out,  an'  we  could  only  make  small  wages,  do 
yez  see,  thin  ther  b'ys  commenced  to  tramp  about  among  ther  moun- 
tains to  hunt  for  richer  diggings,  for  after  workin'  such  rich  claims 
at  first,  they  were  not  contint  to  work  for  smaller  wages,  an'  ther 
most  of  thim  spint  their  money  in  that  way,  do  yez  see,  in  thrampin' 
about  ther  country  prospecting  for  richer  diggings, 

"  An'  thin,  agm,  the  old  Forty-niners  are  as  a  general  rule  better 
known  and  more  prominent  than  any  other  class  thin,  an'  many  ov 
thim  being  poor,  yez  are  all  afther  concludin'  that  we  are  all  afther 
being  that  same.  But  do  yez  moind  thm,  me  b'ys,  I  tell  yez  that 
there's  jest  as  great  a  proportion  ov  the  old  pioneers  who  have  made 
their  pile,  an'  who  have  kept  it,  as  yez'll  be  afther  findin'  among  any 
other  class  ov  min,  be  jabers.  Tis  thrue  enough,  me  b'ys,  that  a  very 
small  proportion  ov  yez  old  pioneers  who  are  at  prisint  livin'  in  ther 
minin'  regions  have  saved  enough  to  harrum  yez,  becase  if  yez  had 
that  same,  yez  wudn't  stay  here  at  all,  at  all,  but  yez  wud  be  afther 
atrikin' out  for  ther  big  cities  below  with  the  rest  ov  ther  b'ys  who 
made  their  pile  ni  the  mmin*  ragions  an'  wint  down  there  to  spind 

260 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  261 

it,  begorra.  A  great  many  of  thim  vvint  into  business  in  ther  big 
city  an'  are  in  business  yit,  many  ov  them  wint  Aist  an'  hundreds 
ov  thim  are  nowin  business  in  thecitiesov  New  York,  Boston, Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore,  an'  other  places,  an'  be  jabers  they  are  afther 
houldin  their  own,  too,  with  ther  best  of  'em.  Now,  me  b'ys,  yez 
know  that  the  greater  portion  of  thim  old  pioneers  are  a  long-lived 
race,  an'  be  jabers  you'll  foind  that  they  continue  workin'  good  pay 
ground  as  long  as  any  other  class  of  paple  in  ther  world. 

"  For  don't  yez  know,  b'ys,  that  no  class  ov  min  in  any  business 
continue  to  prosper  only  about  so  many  years  ?  A  great  many  ov 
thim  in  early  days  spent  their  kine  fraly  in  prospecting  thim  river 
beds,  in  building  quartz  mills,  as  well  as  in  runnin'  long  an'  expin- 
sive  tunnels  in  ther  hills  in  sarching  for  thim  ancient  riverbeds,  an' 
be  jabers!  they  wern't  afraid  to  spind  their  kine  fraly  to  develop  ther 
country  for  ther  benefit  ov  all  ov  yez  who  was  after  follerin  us  to 
make  their  pile  in  ther  country,  do  yez  see,  now  ?  But  the  ould 
time  prospectors  are  ther  poorest  ov  the  lot  do  yez  moind,  an^  'tis 
for  ther  raison  that  they  spind  their  toime  thrampin'  al)out  among 
ther  mountains  searching  for  a  rich  mine;  an'  indade  thin  'tis  thrue 
enough  that  many  ov  thim  do  succade  in  foindin  one  of  thim  occa- 
sionally that  was  afther  havin'  a  fortune  in  it,  but  divil  a  bit  can  ther 
ould-timer  work  it  at  all,  for,  be  gob,  he  has  no  kine  to  do  that  same. 
So  ther  poor  divil,  afther  havin'  spint  his  toime  in  huntin'  for  a 
mine,  is  obliged,  do  yez  see,  to  spind  more  toime  in  huntin'  for  some 
chap  who  has  got  ther  kine  to  help  him  work  it,  or  else  to  buy  it» 
an"  he  is  finally  obliged  to  sell  it  for  jest  what  they  plase  to  give 
him. 

"  This  is  soon  spint,  an'  thin  he  is  afther  commincin'  his  end- 
less thramp  agin  over  mountains  an'  through  ther  various  minin' 
ragions  from  Arizona  up  to  ther  Arctic  ocean,  to  diskiver  anither 
rich  mine  to  sell  in  ther  same  style.  'Tis  for  this  raison  that  yez 
ould  prospectors  are  afther  bein'continually  down  on  ther  bed  rock, 
be  jabers  !  Oh,  yis,  'tis  thrue  enough,  as  yez  say,  that  yez  have 
ther  pleasure  of  thraveling  over  the  counthry  an'  of  makin'  richdis- 
kiveries  for  others  to  rape  ther  benefit  ov,  an',  indade,  that  is  some 
satisfaction  for  yez,  be  gorra  !  " 

Another  one  remarked  that  "  Some  of  the  reasons  why  many  of 
the  old-timers  were  at  the  present  time  so  poor  were  that  they  ac- 
quired the  habit  of  spending  their  money  freely  in  early  days,  be- 


2  62  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

cause  it  came  easy  and  they  thought  that  the  rich  mines  woulc'  be 
more  lasting.  In  my  opinion,  therefore,  it  is  in  the  nature  of  the 
business,  as  placer  mining  was  in  early  days,  when  wages  were  an 
ounce  a  day  and  when  hundreds  were  making  double,  and  even 
treble  that  amount  daily  ;  such  conditions  had  the  effect  to  destroy 
all  habits  or  ideas  of  economy. " 

"  Yis,  indade,"  said  Mike,  "but  ther  great  majority  of  yez  niver 
larned  the  manin'  of  ther  tarm  economy  at  all,  at  all.  But  'twas 
not  ther  nature  of  ther  business  of  minin'  entoirly  that  taught  yez 
to  spind  yez  money  so  fraely  thin  ;  but,  be  gorra,  'twas  natural  to 
ther  most  ov  yez,  an'  indade,  thin,  'twas  this  fault  that  made  yez 
ther  Forty-niners,  an',  be  jabers,  it  saims  to  stick  right  by  ther  most 
of  yez." 

'*  That  reminds,"  said  Jeff,  ''of  a  remark  I  heard  a  Dutchman 
make  once  who  kept  a  store  up  on  Bear  River  in  '56.  Says  he,  '  I 
could  always  shust  knows  dem  '49  vellers  ven  dey  was  come  into 
mine  store,  mit  mine  eyes  all  shut  up.'  *  I  asked  him  why.'  'Vei, 
den,  ven  one  of  dose  vellers  comes  in  to  buy  sometings,  he  says, 
Old  vellers,  have  you  got  some  of  dot  stuff  dot  vas  pooty  goot? 
I  says  I  was.  Veil,  den,  he  says,  you  shust  fills  up  mine  jug  ; 
So  I  fills  up  dot  jug,  and  he  pays  me,  und  den  he  goes  right  away 
pooty  soon. 

"  Vel,  den,  pooty  quick  some  dose  other  vellers,  he  comes  in 
mine  store,  und  he  says,  "  Jacob,  has  you  got  some  dem  tings  ?  "  *  I 
speaks  to  him  I  vas.  Veil,  den,  he  dells  me  how  I  sells  dem,  and 
I  speaks  to  him  how  mooch.'  "Veil,"  he  say,  "  couldn't  you  sell 
dose  a  leetle  more  cheaper  as  dot."  '  I  speak  to  him  no.  Veil,  den, 
he  tells  me  shust  to  gives  him  drei  pints,  and  put  em  in  mit  vour  of 
dose  bottles.  Veil  den  he  shust  goes  mit  de  corner  round,  and 
dakes  up  one  of  dem  bottles  under  his  nose,  und  pooty  soon  he 
speaks,  "Jacob,  von't  you  shust  fill  up  dot  bottles  vot  leaked  out?" 
*So  I  puts  'em  in  a  leetle  more,  und  den  he  pays  me  dem  monies, 
und  he  goes  right  away  mit  dem  bottles.  Und  dot  vas  vy  I  does, 
am't  it.?'" 

At  this  point  in  the  conversation  in  regard  to  the  present  pov« 
erty  of  many  of  the  old-timers,  Jeff  remarked  . 

"  Well,  Mike,  'tis  true  enough  that  the  most  of  us  old  prospect- 
ors have  failed  in  our  expectations  of  making  another  raise  at  mining, 
or  at  any  rate  in  being  able  to  save  what  we  have  made  in  the  past ; 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  263 

yet  'tis  some  consolation  for  us  to  know  that  there  was  a  time  once 
when  we  were  able  to  make  a  big  splurge  in  the  big  city  below  when 
we  made  them  a  visit  with  our  pockets  rilled  with  dust,  and  give  the 
chaps  down  there  to  understand  that  we  knew  where  there  was  a 
plenty  more  of  the  same  sprt  of  stuff  when  that  was  gone.'' 

**  But  divil  a  bit,  thin,"  retorted  Mike,  "  is  ther  thought  ov  thim 
days  ov  plinty  an  big  diggins  any  consolation  to  yez  at  all,  at  all,  in 
yez  ould  age.  Indade,  thin,  ther  thoughts  ov  sich  prosperity  in 
ther  past  only  makes  our  prisint  poverty  saim  ther  greater  by  the 
contrast,  thin.  For,  begorra,  ther  ain't  a  divil  a  one  ov  us  but 
who'd  be  moity  willin'  now  in  our  ould  age  to  swap  off  all  ov  thim 
years  that  we  was  afther  splurgin  down  in  thim  cities  below  with 
our  pockets  filled  with  dust.  Yis,  indade,  we  wud  swap  all  ov  thim, 
an'  we  wuldn't  be  afther  askin'  any  boot  aither,  for  just  a  few  short 
years  ov  rest  an'  quiet  now  in  our  ould  age,  fray  from  want  an'  care, 
without  bein'  obliged  to  be  containualy  thrampin'  about  all  over 
ther  counthry  tryin'  to  make  a  dacent  living." 

Tennessee  remarked  :  "  Well,  Mike,  after  all  the  great  uncer- 
tainty in  the  business  of  mining,  yet  there  is  a  fascination  about  it 
that  many  of  us  cannot  resist,  for  there  is  a  continual  expectation 
that  we  will  soon  strike  the  right  spot." 

"Yis,  indade,  there  is  that  same,  thin,  an',  be  jabers,  I  was  afther 
thinkin'  meself,  in  early  days,  that  moinin'  was  jist  ther  finest  an' 
the  most  facinatin'  business  in  ther  wuorld  ;  for  do  yez  moind,  thin, 
it  made  no  difference  how  much  we  was  afther  makin'  on  our  claim. 
Whither  'twas  one  ounce  or  tin  ov  thim,  we  was  always  afther  ixpic- 
tin'  that  ther  nixt  day  'twud  be  double,  do  yez  see.  'Twas  these 
containual  ixpictations,  do  yez  moind,  that  made  ther  business  so 
facinatin',  begorra  !  Whin  at  wurruk  in  ther  ravine  we  was  ivery  _ 
day  ixpictin',  do  yez  moind,  that  soon  we  wud  be  afther  jist  shovelin' 
ther  gduld  up  by  ther  bucket  full,  as  they  did  over  in  Georgetown 
gulch.  An'  thin,  again,  we  wud  soon  be  after  ixpictin'  to  find  a  rich 
crivise,  when  we  could  take  out  ther  gould  by  ther  ton,  as  they  did 
over  in  Alder  gulch,  Montanna,  be  jabers.  Thin,  agin,  we  was 
always  jist  ixpictin'  in  our  tunnel  to  sthrike  a  spot  ov  blue  gravel, 
whin  we  wud  take  out  ther  gould  by  ther  car  load,  as  ther  b'ys  did 
from  Forest  Hill.  Faith,  thin,  me  b'ys,  'twas  these  containual 
ixpictations  in  early  days  that  made  ther  business  of  minin'  so  faci- 
natin', but  thin  ther  containual  disappintments  that  many  ov  us  met 


264  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

with  destroys  in  toime  ther  facination  av  their  business,  an'  we  are 
contint  to  thry  to  nialce  a  hvin'  in  some  other  manner  an'  let  thim 
b'ys  who  havn't  lost  ther  faith  in  ther  business  still  continue  it,  in 
ther  hope  that  some  day  yez'U  be  afther  sthrikin  ther  right  spot, 
where  yez'll  foind  a  fortune  ready  waitin'  for  yez. 

Some  one  asked  Mike  what  had  become  of  his  old  partner,  Pat 
Kennedy,  whom  he  worked  with  on  French  Flat  in  '54.  Mike 
answered  that  Pat  got  hurt  in  a  shaft  up  in  Placer  County  in  '56, 
and  died  soon  after.  He  stated  that  Pat  and  Uncle  Tim  Winn 
were  at  work  sinking  a  shaft  and  that  Tim  let  the  bucket  slip  out 
of  his  hands,  and  down  it  went  upon  the  top  of  Pat's  head. 

"I  had  a  talk  with  Uncle  Tim  about  it,"  said  Mike,  "an'  Tim 
says  to  me  :  *  An*,  indade,  Mike,  I  was  jist  afther  hookin'  on  the 
tub  to  sind  it  down  to  Pat,  an'  it  slipped  out  ov  me  hands  an'  down 
it  wint,  an'  I  took  a  glance  down  the  shaft  thin,  ixpictin'  to  see  Pat 
somewhere  in  the  last  stage  ov  a  rapid  decline,  do  yez  moind,  but 
divil  a  bit  was  he  decloinin'  at  all,  for  he  was  standin'  upon  his 
fate  an'  reclinin'  against  the  side  ov  the  shaft.  Says  I :  "Is  it 
much  harumed  that  yez  are,  Pat  ?  "  "  Divil  a  bit  am  I  at  all,  but 
me  brains  are  all  knocked  out  intoirly,  and  'tis  spaichless,  too,  that 
I  am,  Tim."  '  " 

"  Say,  Jeff,"  says  Tennessee,  "  do  you  remember  Tex  who  worked 
with  me  in  that  gulch  down  in  old  Tuolumne  ?  'twas  long  in  the 
sprmg  of  '50." 

"Oh,  yes,"  answered  Jeff,  "that  tall,  good-looking,  blue-eyed 
chap." 

"  Well,  when  1  was  up  in  the  Salmon  River  country  in  '65,  I 
heard  some  of  the  miners  speaking  about  a  chap  they  called  Tex, 
who  was  said  to  be  an  old  Forty-niner,  and  was  at  work  in  a  canon  a 
few  miles  above.  I  jest  felt  that  he  might  be  my  eld  pard  that  I 
hadn't  seen  or  heard  of  for  ten  or  twelve  years,  so  I  found  the 
trail  to  the  caiion  and  went  up  to  see  him.  Yes,  sure  enough,  'twas 
Tex  ;  I  knew  him  as  soon  as  I  come  in  sight  of  him.  He  had  found 
a  rich  spot  and  lived  like  a  king.  He  put  me  onto  a  good  claim  in 
the  caflon  above  him,  and  I  worked  there  for  about  a  year  and  made 
quite  a  raise  ;  but  I  found  the  winters  too  cold  for  me  up  there,  so 
I  sold  out  and  left.  I  tell  you  but  Tex  was  clear  grit,  though.  You 
remember  the  time  when  Barton  Lee  of  Sacramento  City  busted  up 
and  swindled  so  many  of  the  boys  out  of  their  gold  dust  ?     Well, 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF    CALIFORNIA. 


265 


Tex  had  ;$5,ooo  worth  of  t,old  dust  deposited  there  in  Lee's  safe.  I 
think  'twas  long  in  the  spring  of  '50  that  we  first  got  the  news  that 
Lee  had  busted.  The  boys  who  had  deposited  their  dust  with  him 
made  a  rush  for  Sacramento  City,  now,  you  bet.     But,  oh,  pshaw ! 


it  wern't  any  use.  They  couldn't  git  anything.  A  few  of  them,  I 
heard  afterwards,  made  out  to  git  a  little  something.  AVell,  now, 
you  see,  when  the  news  first  come  up,  I  asked  Tex  if  he  wasn't  goin' 
down,  for  I  noticed  that  he  didn't  seem  to  hurry  or  fret  about  it. 
*  Oh,'  says  he,  '  I  reckon  I  will,  but  there's  no  hurry  about  it.'    Now 


266  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Tex  waited  for  some  of  the  boys  to  return,  and  report  what  the 
prospect  was,  and  then  he  started  down.  I  tell  you  there  was  black 
sand  in  the  corner  of  his  eye  as  he  stepi^ed  into  the  stage 
the  next  morning,  and  says  I  to  myself,  'Old  Barton,  old 
Barton,  take  keer  of  yourself,  for'you  are  agoin'  to  have  a  visitor 
from  old  Tuolumne!'  W'ell,  upon  his  arrival  in  Sacramento,  he 
found  Lee's  office,  and  in  front  of  it  was  a  large,  powerful  negro 
acting  in  the  capacity  of  doorkeeper.  Says  'i'ex  to  him,  'Is  Mr. 
Lee  in  his  office?' 

'* '  No,  sah,  no,  sah,  he  am  not,  sah  ! ' 

"  '  Well,  I  know  a  d d  sight  better,'  says  Tex. 

"  '  Well,  you  can't  see  him,  sah,  for  he's  busy,  sah.' 

"  But  before  the  astonished  doorkeeper  could  scrape  himself  to- 
gether again  from  among  the  pile  of  old  rubbish  in  the  corner,  Tex 
was  inside  the  room,  and  with  the  door  locked  upon  the  inside. 

"  He  found  Mr.  Lee  alone, writing  at  his  table.  He  laid  his  cer- 
tificate of  deposit  upon  the  table  in  front  of  him,  and  .remarked  in 
a  very  quiet,  pleasant  manner  : 

"  '  Mr.  Lee,  that  paper  calls  for  $5,000  worth  of  gold  dust,  and  I 
will  give  you  just  two  minutes  to  open  that  safe  and  pass  it  out.' 

"  Mr.  Lee  would  like  to  make  an  explanation  and  argue  the  case  ; 
but 'not  a  word,  sir  ;  when  you  open  that  safe,  and  I  find  there  is 
no  money  or  gold  dust  in  it,  then  I  will  listen  to  any  explanation 
which  you  wish  to  give,  and  not  before,  so  hurry  up,  if  you 
please.' 

"  Mr.  Lee  then  in  a  very  haughty  manner  turned  and  looked  Tex 
in  the  eye.  He  saw  color  in  among  the  black  sand  in  the  corner  of 
it,  fixed  his  eyes  upon  that  funny,  innocent-looking  gold  saving  ma- 
chine which  Tex  was  holding  in  his  hand,  slid  in  a  kind  of  hurried 
sort  of  way  over  the  back  of  his  chair  to  his  safe,  unlocked  it, 
counted  out  ^5,000  all  in  slugs,  put  them  into  a  little  canvas  sack, 
and  handing  it  to  Tex,  remarked  that  it  was  all  right.  '  You  bet,' 
says  Tex,  and  politely  bidding  Bartow  good-day,  he  left." 

"  Well  "  says  another  old-timer  whom  they  called  Pete,  "  that  re- 
minds me  of  another  one  of  the  same  breed  who  lived  up  in  Coloma. 
His  name  was  Crumie,  George  Crumie,  if  I  remember.  This  chap 
kept  a  saloon  up  there,  and  I  believe  was  the  only  one  in  the  camp 
who  had  an  iron  safe  at  that  time,  for  this  was  along  in  the  spring 
of  '50, 1  think.    Now,  Mr.  Crumie  was  a  very  obliging  man,  and  was 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA.  267 

willing  for  us  miners  to  keep  our  sacks  of  dust  in  his  safe.  Well, 
one  day  .Mr.  Crumie  concluded  that  he  had  some  very  important 
business  to  attend  to  in  San  i^rancisco,  and  now  was  a  grand  oppor- 
tunity for  any  of  the  boys  to  send  down  for  any  little  thing  they 
wanted,  as  Mr.  Crumie  was  willing  to  attend  to  anything  of  that 
kind,  and  wouldn't  charge  a  cent  for  his  trouble.  The  consequence 
was  that  he  had  quite  a  list  of  articles  to  purchase  for  us,  and  the 
dust  in  his  pocket  to  pay  for  'em. 

"  The  morning  Mr.  Crumie  left  the  camp  'twas  noticed  that  his 
baggage  was  rather  numerous,  and  quite  hefty,  too,  for  a  man  who 
was  jest  goin'  down  on  business  and  who  was  intendmg  to  come 
right  back  agin,  do  you  see.  But  little  attention  was  paid  to  his 
baggage,  however,  and  all  was  supposed  to  be  right  until  a  few  days 
after  he  had  left,  when  word  was  brought  up  to  Coloma  that  Mr. 
George  Crumie  was  on  board  of  a  steamer,  and  on  his  way  to  New 
York.  Upon  receiving  this  unwelcome  news,  the  boys  concluded 
that  something  was  wrong.  The  safe  was  at  once  broken  open,  for 
he  had  taken  the  key  with  him,  and  found  empty.  It  was  estimated 
that  there  was  at  least  ^25,000  in  gold  dust  deposited  there  by  dif- 
ferent miners,  besides  about  $7,000  belonging  to  his  pardner,  John 
O'Donnell,  who  was  then  living  in  Hangtown.  That  explained  the 
use  of  them  heavy  trunks  that  some  of  us  helped  to  load  upon  the 
stage  for  him  the  day  he  started." 

Pete  was  asked  if  Crumie  had  ever  been  heard  of  since?  "  No," 
he  answered,  "  not  that  I  am  sure  of;  but  only  a  few  years  ago  I 
was  informed  that  a  Mr.  George  Crumie  was  residing  in  the  city 
of ,  and  following  the  profession  of  gambling." 

Tennessee  now  remarked  that  there  was  another  little  incident 
or  two  in  which  his  old  pard  Tex  took  an  active  part  that  he  would 
like  to  tell;  one  of  them  occurred  in  a  small  town  upon  the  Missis- 
sippi river  near  Memphis,  in  the  fall  of  '51.  "  Tex  and  I  concluded 
to  go  home  on  a  visit  for  a  short  time  in  the  fall  of  '51,  and  on  the 
way  we  stopped  at  the  little  town  for  a  few  days  to  see  some  old 
acquaintances,  and  it  was  there  that  the  little  incident  occurred.  We 
met  rather  unexpectedly  a  man  that  we  didn't  think  of  meeting.  Of 
course  you  all  remember  that  company  of  outlaws  that  created  so 
much  excitement  here  in  California  in  '49,  called  The  Hounds. 

"  There  was,  I  think,  about  twenty  of  them,  and  their  object  was 
when  they  first  formed  to  clean   out  the  Mexican  horse  and  cattle 


268  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

thieves  who  infested  the  central  and  lower  parts  of  the  State  at 
that  time.  They  accomplished  their  purpose,  and  very  effectually, 
too,  in  a  short  time,  but  tb.is  job  finished  what  to  do  next  was  the 
question  to  decide,  which  they  were  not  long  in  doing,  however, 
for  the  precedent  had  been  established  many  years  before  by  the 
renowned  Captain  Kidd,  with  which  fact  they  were  all  doubtless 
familiar.  They  therefore  decided  to  go  and  do  likewise  upon  their 
hook,  and  roam  at  will  among  the  hills  of  the  mining  regions,  as 
well  as  among  the  ranches  of  the  valleys,  as  land  buccaneers. 

"  They  were  a  desperate  set  of  men,  and  had  no  scruples  what- 
ever about  taking  the  life  of  any  one  who  opposed  them.  Rewards 
were  offered  by  a  committee  of  citizens:  for  their  capture  or  destruc- 
tion, and  the  band  was  finally  broken  up  and  dispersed,  many  of 
them  being  forced  to  flee  the  country. 

"One  of  these  Hounds  was  a  man  whom  Tex  had  heard  of  be- 
fore, and  a  few  years  previous  had  resided  near  the  small  town 
where  I  have  said  that  we  stopped  for  a  few  days.  By  the  way, 
while  in  San  Francisco  a  few  days  before  starting  on  our  voyage 
home,  by  accident  Tex  picked  up  an  old  handbill  from  a  table 
in  the  hotel  where  we  were  stopping,  signed  by  the  committee  of 
citizens  and  Governor  Burnett  also,  I  think,  offering  a  reward  of 
$i,ooo  for  the  capture  of  this  very  man  I  refer  to.  Well,  while 
sitting  in  the  bar-room  of  a  hotel  in  the  small  town,  in  conversa- 
tion with  old  acquaintances,  Tex  made  the  remark  that  this  man, 
who  formerly  lived  near  here,  had  been  a  member  of  the  band  of 
outlaws  in  California  called  The  Hounds,  and  inquired  if  it  was 
known  what  had  ever  become  of  him,  and  I  tell  you,  boys,  we  were 
both  astonished  when  informed  that  that  man  was  at  the  present 
time  a  resident  of  the  place,  and  was  running  a  faro  game  in  a 
house  across  the  street.  We  were  further  informed  that  he  was  a 
very  dangerous  character. 

"  Now  you  may  depend  that  this  news  to  us  was  not  very  pleas- 
ant at  this  particular  time,  and  if  we  had  known  it  we  should  never 
have  mentioned  his  name,  but  Tex  was  in  for  it  now,  and  of  course 
I  was  bound  to  stand  by  my  pard. 

"One  of  this  man's  friends,  who  was  present  and  heard  the  state- 
ment from  Tex,  went  over  and  informed  him  at  once  that  a  man  at 
the  hotel,  right  from  California,  had  stated  all  the  particulars  of  his 
connection  with  The  Hounds,  and  of  the  reward  offered  for  his 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


269 


270  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

capture.  Well,  we  expected,  of  course,  to  receive  a  visit  from  the 
gentleman,  and  we  didn't  have  long  to  wait,  for  in  a  few  minutes 
the  door  was  thrown  open  and  in  walked  a  large,  powerfully  built 
man  who  was  every  inch  a  Hound,  and  he  showed  it  in  his  black, 
glistening  eyes.  He  walked  right  up  to  Tex,  who  was  sitting  in  a 
chair,  and  demanded  his  authority  for  the  statement,  or  instant 
satisfaction  for  the  foul  slander,  at  the  same  time  placing  his  hand 
upon  the  handle  of  his  weapon.  Tex  drew  his  weapon  instantly, 
and,  rising  to  his  feet,  replied  in  a  very  quiet  manner  : 

"'Well,  sir,  you  can  have  both  if  you  wish,  and  first  here  is  my 
authority,'  at  the  same  time  taking  the  handbill  from  his  pocket  he 
shook  it  out,  and  stepping  backwards  a  few  steps  to  the  side  of  the 
room,  fastened  it  to  the  wall,  remarking  :  'There,  sir,  is  my  au- 
thority for  the  statement  I  have  made,  signed  by  the  Governor,  and 
now  if  you  demand  satisfaction  you  shall  have  it  at  once,  but  if 
you  make  the  least  motion  to  draw  your  weapon  you  are  a  dead 
Hound.' 

"The  man  immediately  left  the  house,  and  that  night  left  the 
town  upon  finding  that  his  friends  had  all  deserted  him." 

One  of  the  boys  asked  Tennessee  what  steamer  he  sailed  on 
when  he  returned  East  in  '51,  and  if  there  were  many  other  forty- 
niners  who  went  East  upon  the  same  steamer  ?  He  stated  that  they 
took  passage  in  the  steamer  "  Sierra  Nevada  "  from  San  Francisco, 
and  upon  the  steamer  "Illinois"  from  Chagres  to  New  York,  the  latter 
commanded  by  Lieutenant  Herndon,who  was  lost  when  the  steamer 
"  Central  America  "  foundered  a  few  years  later  in  the  Caribbean 
Sea.  There  were  about  700  passengers  on  board  the  steamer  when 
we  left  San  Francisco,  and  as  near  as  we  could  judge  at  that  time 
about  500  of  them  were  Forty-niners.  Some  were  going  East  to  re- 
main, but  by  far  the  greater  portion  were  going  to  see  their  friends, 
relatives,  and  the  girls  they  left  behind  them,  and  with  the  intention 
of  returning  soon  again  to  California. 

It  was  while  crossing  the  Isthmus  that  another  little  incident 
occurred,  in  which  Tex  took  an  active  part.  It  illustrates  the  char- 
acter of  the  man,  and  how  ready  he  always  was  to  help  any  one  in 
trouble.  In  crossing  the  Isthmus  at  that  time  we  traveled  on 
foot  or  by  mule  power  to  the  small  town  of  Golgona,  which  place  is 
at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  from  here  down  the  Chagres  River 
by  boat    to    the  town  of  Chagres.     Now,   Tex,  myself,  and  a  few 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  271 

others,  arrived  at  Golgona  ahead  of  the  crowd  of  passengers  from 
Panama  early  in  the  afternoon,  intending,  of  course,  to  take  pas- 
sage immediately  down  the  river.  Ikit  as  we  were  upon  the  point 
of  starting  we  were  informed  by  one  of  the  passengers  of  the 
steamer,  John  L.  Stevens,  that  a  friend  of  his,  who  was  also  a  pas- 
senger upon  the  same  steamer,  was  confined  in  the  calaboose  there 
upon  the  evidence  of  one  of  the  natives,  who  swore  that  the  Ameri- 
can had  refused  to  pay  him  for  transporting  his  trunk  from  Pan- 
ama. Upon  this  accusation  the  American  was  arrested  and  con- 
fined in  the  native  prison,  a  large  log  house  near  the  town.  Upon 
investigation  we  found  this  man  to  be  a  Forty-niner,  a  man  about 
60  years  of  age,  and  from  the  State  of  Ohio.  We  were  allowed  to 
converse  with  him  through  the  iron-grated  window,  and  he  stated 
that  he  paid  the  native  in  advance  at  Panama  one  ounce,  as  agreed 
upon,  for  transporting  his  baggage,  and  didn't  think  it  right  to  com- 
pel him  to  pay  it  again  upon  the  evidence  of  the  native. 

To  leave  this  old  Forty-niner  locked  up  was  not  to  be  thought  of. 
Tex  proposed,  therefore,  that  we  wait  until  our  passengers  had  all 
arrived  in  the  place,  then  make  a  demand  for  his  release  of  the  Al- 
calde, and  in  case  of  retusal,  to  release  him  ourselves  and  take  him 
down  the  river  with  us. 

About  four  P.M.  the  passengers  had  all  arrived  and  we  were 
ready  for  business.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  wait  upon  the 
Alcalde,  a  large  powerful  negro,  dressed  in  full  regimentals,  with  a 
cavalry  sword  suspended  to  his  waist,  and  explain  to  him  the  facts 
in  the  case  and  demand  the  man's  release  ;  but  the  old  commander 
felt  the  dignity  of  his  position,  and  in  a  very  lofty  and  dignified  man- 
ner refuseii  to  liberate  the  Americano  until  he  had  settled  the  ac- 
count. 

Suspecting  trouble  the  Alcalde  called  out  his  native  troops, 
numbering  about  200  men,  to  guard  the  prison.  They  were  armed 
with  a  great  variety  of  weapons,  consisting  of  the  old-fashioned 
flint-lock  musket,  pistols,  swords  and  clubs.  Among  them  the  old 
style  brass  blunderbuss  was  numerous,  as  well  as  other  styles  of 
deadly  weapons.  I  tell  you,  boys,  they  were  about  as  fero- 
cious and  formidable  a  looking  set  of  warriors  as  you  would  care  to 
run  afoul  of  in  a  dark  night  if  you  didn't  know  who  they  were  ;  but 
during  an  engagement  the  safest  place,  in  my  opinion,  would  be 
right  in  front  of  them. 


272 


THE  AKGOXAUTS  OF  CALII-ORMA. 


Well,  Tex  took  charge  of  the  boys,  and  with  a  big  sledge  ham- 
mer in  his  hand  we  formed  into  line  between  the  native  troops  and 
the  calaboose.  Tex  drew  his  watch  from  his  pocket  and  holding  it 
up  before  the  eyes  of  the  Alcalde  gave  him  (the  latter)  to  understand, 
by  pointing  to  the  hands  of  it,  that  when  the  short  hand  had  got  to 
the  figure  five  if  the  door  wasn't  opened  he  would  open  it  with  his 
sledge,  and,  furthermore,  if  he  ordered  his  troops  to  fire  off  their 


TEX    AT   GOLGONA. 

guns  and  things  that  some  of  them  would  get  badly  hurt.  The 
Alcalde  drew  his  huge  sword  from  its  scabbard,  flourished  it  above 
his  head,  and  at  the  same  time  ordered  his  troops  to  turn  around, 
face  the  music  and  make  ready,  which  they  succeeded  in  doing  after 
some  little  trouble  ;  but  at  the  same  time  Tex  remarked  :  "  Now, 
boys,  show  'em  what  you're  got,  and  we'll  soon  show  'em  that  we 
know  how  to  use  them,  too."  Everyman  instantly  drew  his  gun. 
They  were  mostly  single-barrelled  pistols,  although  there  was  a 
great  number  of  the  latest  style  of  revolver,  the  Smith  <S:  Wesson, 
among  them,  but  they  were  sufificient  for  the  purpose. 

As  soon  as  the  time  was  up  Tex  held  his  watch  up  before  the 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  C  ALIFORM  A.  273 

eyes  of  the  Alcalde,  replaced  it  carefully  in  his  pocket,  at  the  same 
time  raising  the  sledge  above  his  head  and  advancing  toward  the 
prison  door.  Would  the  swarthy  commander  order  his  troops  to 
fire  ?  He  ran  his  eye  along  the  line  of  his  brave  army,  then  took  a 
careful  survey  of  the  crowd  of  Americans  m  front  of  the  prison, 
and  looked  at  the  little  insignificant  weapons  that  they  held  in 
their  hands.  Would  he  uphold  the  dignity  of  his  position  and  give 
the  order  to  fire  and  save  his  reputation  as  a  warrior  ?  He  hesi- 
tated ;  suppose  he  should  get  hurt  and  his  army  annihilated  ? 
Taking  the  key  from  his  pocket  he  unlocked  the  prison  door,  and 
the  old  Forty-niner  was  free. 

Upon  our  return  to  California  a  few  months  later  the  fact  had 
been  made  known  that  the  native  did  actually  receive  his  pay  for 
transporting  the  American's  trunk.  He  was  tried  and  found  guilty, 
and  the  Alcalde  sentenced  him  to  receive  100  lashes  and  confined 
him  in  prison  for  one  year. 


CHAPTER    XIX. 


Tennesses's  Letter  From  Tex — The  War  in  Chili  Gulch — Sam 
Brown  and  the  Chap  With  the  Mild  Blue  Ii^yes — Sam 
Brown  and  the  Policeman — Old  Kentuck  and  Sleepy  Ben. 

ANOTHER  little  incident  took  place  on  board  of  the  steam  ship 
"Illinois,"  that  is  worth  relating,  continued  Tennessee  "be- 
cause Tex  bossed  the  job.  When  we  first  went  down  to  the  din- 
ner table  in  the  steerage,  we  found  that  there  wasn't  any  sugar  on 
the  table  for  our  coffee;  Tex  thought  that  very  strange,-  and  turning 
around  to  the  ship's  steward,  who  was  standing  in  the  door  of  the 
pantry,  inquired  of  him  if  there  was  any  sugar  on  board  ?  '  Oh, 
yes  sah'!'  replied  the  colored  steward,  'there's  two  barrels  of 
white  sugar  here  in  the  pantry  sah;  but  dem  is  fo'  the  cabin  sah.* 
'Well'  says  Tex;  '  we  must  have  some  of  that  sugar  here  in  the 
steerage,  for  we  have  all  paid  the  price  of  our  passage,  and  are  just 
as  much  entitled  to  the  use  of  that  sugar  as  the  cabin  passengers 
are,  and  if  you  don't  bring  it  out  in  two  minutes  we  will  go  and  help 
ourselves.'  " 

So  the  steward  immediately  locked  the  pantry  door,  and  sent 
word  to  the  officers  of  the  ship  that  there  was  mutiny  among  the 
passengers  of  the  steerage.  In  a  few  moments  Lieut.  Smith  with 
a  guard  of  six  marines  armed  with  cutlasses  descended  into  the 
steerage  and  demanded  to  know  what  the  trouble  was.  Tex  replied 
that  there  was  no  sugar  upon  the  table,  and  as  there  was  plenty  of 
it  in  the  pantry  reserved  for  the  cabin,  the  boys  had  concluded  that 
they  were  as  good  as  the  cabin  passengers,  and  therefore  demanded 
some  sugar.  And  without  meaning  to  show  any  disrespect  to  the 
officers  of  the  ship,  sir,  yet  we  must  have  some  of  that  sugar,  and 
we'll  give  the  steward  five  minutes  to  bring  it.  If  he  doesn't,  then 
we  shall  be  obliged  to  get  it  ourselves.  The  officer  then  ordered 
the  guard  to  arrest  that  man,  which  they  started  to  do,  but  as  they 
advanced  toward  Tex  with  drawn  cutlasses,  a  hundred  of  the  old 

274 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


275 


276  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Forty-niners  surrounded  Tex,  and  gave  the  officers  to  understand 
that  it  wouldn't  be  safe  to  attempt  the  job.  Captain  Herndon  was 
immediately  summoned  and  drawing  his  sword  demanded  of  Tex 
in  a  very  threatening  manner  if  it  was  his  desire  to  raise  a  mutiny 
on  board  of  his  ship  ?  Tex  replied  in  a  very  calm  and  quiet  manner, 
oh,  no,  not  by  any  means  Captain,  for  we  are  not  that  style  of  men 
at  all.  We  are  a  lot  of  Forty-niners  on  the  way  to  the  East  to  visit 
the  old  folks  and  to  see  our  girls,  and  have  no  desire  to  raise  a 
mutiny,  but  we  are  simply  trying  to  raise  some  sugar. 

Captain  Herndon  took  a  good  square  look  at  'I'ex  right  in  the 
eye,  for  about  a  minute;  then  he  ordered  the  guard  to  go  upon 
deck,  sheathed  his  sword,  and  walking  round  to  the  other  side  of 
the  table  where  Tex  was  standing,  laid  his  hand  upon  his  shoulder, 
and  with  good  nature  beaming  from  his  eyes  said: 

"  Then  all  you  are  trying  to  raise  is  a  little  sugar  is  it,  sir  ?  " 
"  That's  all,  Captain,  said  Tex  in  a  very  quiet  and  polite  way.  " 
''Well,  remarked  the  Captain  and  you  shall  have  it.     Steward  di- 
vide that  sugar  with  the  boys  in  the   steerage,"  and  then  shaking 
hands  with  Tex  and  a  few  others,  he  went  upon  deck. 

Some  one  asked  if  Tex  was  yet  alive  and  where  he  was;  and 
Tennessee  replied  that  Tex  returned  to  his  native  State  about  twenty 
years  ago;  bought  a  ranch  somewhere  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State;  went  and  got  married,  and  settled  down  for  life.  He  con- 
tinued by  saying  that  he  heard  from  Tex  occasionally,  and  said  he; 
"The  last  letter  I  received  from  him  was  only  a  few  months  ago.  I 
have  the  letter  with  me  now,  and  if  you  would  all  like  to  hear  what 
Tex  has  to  say,  I  will  read  it  to  you."  Upon  all  present  expressing 
a  desire  to  hear  the  letter  read,  Tennessee  took  it  from  his  pocket 
and  read  as  follows: 

"California  Ranch,  Jones  Co.,  Texas,      ) 
"  September  25th,  1887.  ) 
"  Dear  Old  Pard  ; — 

"  Returning  home,  after  an  absence  of  about  three  weeks,  from 
Galveston,  where  I  had  been  with  a  drove  of  cattle,  I  found  your 
letter  awaiting  me,  and  you  can  imagine  the  pleasure  we  all  enjoyed 
in  again  hearing  that  you  are  in  good  health  and  still  continue  in 
the  old  business  of  mining,  with  fair  prospects  ahead  of  you,  and 
we  sincerely  hope  that  your  fullest  expectations  may  be  realized 
from  your  silver  mine  up  in   Coeur  D'Alene.     My  family  are  all  in 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  277 

the  best  of  health  and  my  two  oldest  sons  are  now  of  that  age  to 
be  of  great  assistance  to  me  upon  the  ranch.  This,  as  you  know, 
is  quite  a  pleasant  country  in  which  to  settle  down  for  life,  and  we 
are  all  reasonably  contented.  For  this  reason,  I  ought  not  to  com- 
plain. Yet  this  is  not  California,  by  any  means.  Although  having 
a  pleasant  home,  yet  I  am  continually  thinking  of  the  happy  years  I 
spent  in  California,  and  with  a  desire  to  make  that  my  future  home, 
which  I  certainly  would  do  if  I  could  dispose  of  my  property  here. 
You  tell  me  that  great  changes  have  taken  place  in  some  portions 
of  the  mining  regions.  That  in  many  places  our  old  piles  of  tail- 
ings have  been  levelled  down  ;  the  places  where  we  mined  filled  up 
again  and  planted  with  fruit  trees  and  grape  vines,  and  also  that 
pleasant  homes  can  now  be  seen  among  the  hills  where  formerly 
all  was  desolate  and  dreary,  and  where  in  the  opinion  of  all  of  us  at 
that  early  day  no  reasons  were  known  why  they  should  not  so  con- 
tinue. You  tell  me  in  your  letter  that  the  old-timers  are  fast  dis- 
appearing, and  that  not  more  than  500  or  600  are  at  present  living 
in  the  mining  region.  This  fact  I  am  sorry  to  hear,  although  'tis 
what  must  be  from  the  nature  of  things  expected.  If  circumstan- 
ces are  such  that  I  shall  not  be  able  to  sell  my  property  here  and 
remove  with  my  family  to  California,  I  shall,  at  any  rate,  make  you 
a  visit,  perhaps  next  winter  ;  if  not,  then  the  winter  following,  for 
I  tell  you,  Pard,  there  is  no  spot  upon  the  face  of  the  earth  more 
dear  to  m.e,  except  my  home,  or  filled  with  such  pleasant  associa- 
tions than  the  mining  regions  of  California,  and  a  residence  there  of 
fifteen  or  twenty  years  unfits  a  man  for  a  residence  in  any  other 
portion  of  the  Union,  or,  in  fact,  anywhere  else.  When  I  come  we 
will  get  Yank  and  Jeff,  if  we  can  find  them,  and  start  on  a  prospect- 
ing tour  around  among  the  old  camps,  where  we  mined  in  early  days. 
We  will  go  to  Mokelumne  Hill,  then  over  to  Angel's  camp,  then 
up  through  Jackson  in  old  Amador,  and  then  we'll  strike  onto  our 
old  trail  up  past  Duncan's  store  and  pan  out  a  few  pans  on  the  Mac- 
Cosmy  (Cosumnes).  Then,  if  we  have  time,  I  would  like  very  much 
to  visit  Chili  Gulch,  over  in  Calaveras  County,  that  historic  spot, 
where  you  remember  the  Chileans  captured  the  Kentucky  boys. 
Then  we'll  strike  on  to  the  old  trail  up  through  Fiddletown,  where 
we'll  find,  I  think,  a  few  old-timers  ;  then  along  up  through  old 
Hangtown,  in  Eldorado  County,  where  you  tell  me  that  fifty  or 
sixty  old  Forty-niners  are  still  hanging  out.     We'll  prospect  around 


278  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA, 

up  Cedar,  Oregon  and  Spanish  Ravines,  take  a  look  over  in  the  big 
caflon  and  at  that  rich  spot  we 'struck  at  Poverty  Point.  We  will 
lay  in  a  fresh  supply  of  provisions  from  Coleman's  store,  if  he  is  yet 
in  business  in  Hangtown,  lay  in  a  few  mince  pies  from  Doctor 
Wakefield's  wife,  under  the  hill,  and  continue  our  prospecting  across 
the  South  Fork,  up  through  Coloma,  Georgetown,  Spanish  Flat,  up 
on  around  Forest  Hill  and  vicinity,  where  the  boys  used  to  roll  the 
dust  out  by  the  million.  And  if  we  have  time,  Pard,  we'M  visit 
Nevada,  Rough  and  Ready,  Squaw  Hollow,  Last  Chance,  and  all 
other  camps  and  river  bars  where  we  used  to  prospect  in  early  days. 
And  I  tell  you  that  such  a  trip,  for  me,  would  give  me  more  pleas- 
ure than  a  journey  through  the  Holy  Land  or  any  other  portion  of 
the  earth's  surface.  Give  my  best  respects  to  all  old  acquaintances 
that  you  run  across  in  your  wanderings,  and  please  tell  them  for  me 
that  from  a  residence  of  about  twenty  years  among  the  mountain 
ranges  of  California  I  acquired  that  trait  of  hospitality  which  is  pe- 
culiar to  your  State,  and  if  any  of  them  should  ever  chance  to  visit 
this  portion  of  the  country,  they  will  always  find  the  latch-string 
hanging  outside  the  door.  Don't  forget,  either,  what  I  have  before 
mentioned  to  you,  that  when  the  storms  of  adversity  strike  you  too 
heavy,  or  if  the  bed  rock  in  the  diggings  is  inclmed  to  buck,  and 
the  claim  don't  pan  well,  we  have  an  extra  room  prepared  and 
ready  ;  an  extra  chair  at  the  table,  also,  always  ready  for  my  old 
Pard  which  he  is  welcome  to  occupy  the  balance  of  his  life.  My 
family  join  in  sending  their  respects,  and  hoping  to  hear  from 
you  soon  again,  I  remain,  as  ever.      Your  old  Pard,       "Tex.^' 

Tennessee  having  finished  reading  the  letter,  and  after  each  one 
had  given  his  opinion  in  relation  to  the  kindness  and  noble  quali- 
ties of  the  writer  of  it,  it  was  suggested  that  they  all  unite  in  drink- 
ing to  his  health.  The  toast  from  old  Mike  upon  the  occasion 
being  : 

"  An'  now,  me  b'ys,  here's  a  long  life,  hilth  and  prosperity  to 
our  ould  comrade,  Tex,  an'  may  the  b'ys  who  are  now  afther  drnikin* 
to  his  hilth  be  able  to  mate  togither  yearly  for  the  balance  ov  ther 
lives  an'  repait  the  same  operation,  be  jabers." 

Three  cheers  were  then  given  for  Tex,  while  old  Mike  was  not 
forgotten. 

Tennessee  was  asked  if  he  was  acquainted  with  the  particulars 
of  the  incident  that  occurred  m  Chili  Gulch  referred  to  by  Tex  ? 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


279 


He  replied  that  he  was,  as  he  got  the   whole  account  of  it  from 
Kentuck,  who  was  present  and  took  a  part  in  the  affair  : 

"This  Chili  Gulch  is  a  few  miles  from  Mokelumne  Hill  and 
empties  into  the  Calaveras  River.  It  was  given  this  name  because 
'twas  discovered  by  a  company  of  Chileans  numbering  about  thirty, 
and  they  had  worked  there  for  several  months,  and  were  taking  out 
gold  by  the  bushel.  In  the  winter  of  '49-'5o  a  company  of  men 
composed  of  Texans  and  Kentuckians,  with  a  few  from  Arkansas 


^\^ 


"  it'll  be  our  turn  next." 

and  Missouri,  numbering  about  sixteen  in  all,  camped  near  Chili 
Gulch,  and  finding  that  these  foreigners  were  getting  more  than 
their  share  of  gold,  concluded  to  drive  them  out  and  take  posses- 
sion of  these  rich  claims.  They  therefore  posted  notices  in  the 
gulch  ordering  the  foreigners  to  vacate  within  twenty-four  hours  or 
suffer  the  consequences.  But  no  attention  was  paid  to  the  order 
for  the  reason  that  no  law  had  been  passed  by  the  Government  to 
prevent  them  from  mining  in  California.  And  from  this  fact  they 
inferred  that  they  had  as  good  a  right  to  mine  as  any  one.  The 
miners,  finding  that  they  did  not  intend  to  leave,  drove  them  out 
by  main  force  and  took  possession,  not  only  of  their  mining  ground, 


28o  THE  ARGOSY  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

but  also  of  their  tools,  tents  and  even  of  some  of  their  clothing. 
The  Chileans  went  up  to  Mokelumne  Hill  for  assistance,  but  the 
officers  of  the  law  refused  to  assist  them.  The  sheriff  did,  how- 
ever, in  order  to  get  rid  of  them,  give  them  a  blank  warrant  with 
the  privilege  of  filling  it  out  and  serving  said  warrant  in  any  man- 
•  ner  they  pleased.  Armed  with  this  authority  they  went  early  in 
the  morning  and  took  the  whole  company  of  miners  prisoners,  but 
unfortunately  one  IMissourian  was  killed  and  another  one  badly 
wounded  during  the  affray.  They  tied  the  hands  of  their  prison- 
ers, and  driving  them  along  in  the  road  ahead  of  them,  started  for 
the  town  of  Stockton,  distant  about  eighty  miles.  Kentuck  said 
'that  they  was  jist  the  maddest  set  of  men  you  ever  did  see,  for 
the  idea  of  bein'  driv  along  the  road  like  a  flock  of  geese  by  them 
d — d  greasers,  with  their  hands  tied  behind  their  backs,  was  ter- 
rible.' 

"  And  said  he,  if  we  could  only  have  got  loose,  we'd  have  killed 
the  whole  lot  of  'em. 

*'  They  told  the  greasers  that  they  were  playinthe  trump  card  with 
a  full  hand  and  to  make  the  most  of  it,  for  said  they  it'll  be  our 
turn  next;  and  it  came  sooner  than  either  party  expected.  They 
all  stopped  at  O'Neil's  station,  about  twelve  miles  from  Stockton, 
for  breakfast.  Now  it  happened  that  there  were  quite  a  number  of 
travellers  and  teamsters  who  had  stopped  there  the  night  before 
and  when  they  saw  them  greasers  drive  in  the  boys  for  breakfast, 
they  were  not  long  in  getting  acquainted  with  the  particulars,  and 
whether  right  or  wrong  made  no  difference,  for  they  were  Ameri- 
cans at  any  rate.  So  they  charged  upon  them  while  they  were  eat- 
ing their  breakfast  and  bound  every  one  of  'em.  Now  the  scene 
had  changed,  and  the  boys  around  Chili  Gulch  were  astonished,  a 
few  days  after,  to  see  the  American  boys  driving  the  Chileans 
before  them  into  camp,  all  tied  in  a  similar  manner  as  the 
Americans  had  been.  Kentuck  said  they  gave  them  a  fair  trial, 
and  sentenced  four  of  them  to  be  shot.  Of  course  they  didn't 
know  which  ones  killed  their  pardner,  but  it  made  no  difference,  to 
shoot  about  four  of  'em  would  fill  the  bill  anyhow.  And  said  he, 
the  rest  of  'em  left  that  part  of  the  country  in  a  hurry. 

** '  Well,'  said  I  to  old  Kentuck,  *  I  suppose  that  you  and  your 
company  staid  there  and  worked  out  Chili  Gulch  didn't  you  ?' 

"  '  Oh  well,  yas  we  didn't,'  he  replied. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  281 

» 
"And  I  asked  him  why  not,  as  there  was  a  good  show  after  they 

had  driven  out  the  Chileans. 

*'  *0h  yes,'  said  he,  '  that  was  all  right,  and  you  see  we  did  start 
in  to  work,  but  found  the  climate  so  kind  er  sultry  round  thar,  that 
we  all  concluded  to  find  a  more  salubrious  clime  further  north.* 

"  I  asked  him  to  explain  what  he  meant;  and  said  he. 

'*  'A  few  days  after  we  started  in  to  work,  some  of  the  miners 
around  thar  had  a  sort  of  a  miners'  meetin'  one  day,  and  so  they 
come  over  into  Chili  Gulch  and  stuck  a  paper  up  on  a  tree  with 
some  writing  on  it  for  us  to  read,  and  so  we  did.' 

"I  asked  Kentuck  if  he  remembered  what  it  said. 

" '  Oh  yas,'  says  he,  *  I  do,  first  rate,  for  I've  got  an  awful  good 
memory.  It  said  that  if  any  of  them  fellers  what  driv  out,  and 
shot  them  Chileans,  was  found  mining  over  there  in  Chili  Gulch, 
that  the  miners  round  in  them  diggings  would  hang  every  derned 
one  of  em.  Now  wer'nt  that  too  sultry  for  comfort  old  pard,  and 
wer'nt  it  time  to  hunt  for  a  more  salubrous  atmosphere? '  " 

Tennessee  was  asked  if  he  was  with  Tex  up  in  Tuolumne  in  '56 
or  '57,  at  the  time  he  had  the  trouble  with  Sam  Brown. 

"Oh  yes,"  he  replied,  "  I  was  near  there  at  that  time,  but  there 
wasn't  much  trouble,  anyhow.  The  way  it  was:  you  see  some  one 
had  told  Brown  that  Tex  made  the  remark,  that  it  would  be  much 
better  for  the  country  if  Brown  was  out  of  it.  This,  of  course,  was 
enough  for  Brown,  and  swearing  vengeance  he  went  on  a  hunt  for 
the  man  Tex,  and  he  found  him.  Now  Brown  had  heard  of  Tex, 
but  never  had  seen  him,  for  Tex  was  at  work  down  in  the  gulch 
and  seldom  went  up  into  town;  but  one  day  he  had  some  business 
up  at  Mokelumne  Hill,  and  Brown  was  informed  of  the  fact  and 
started  out  to  find  him.  Tex  was  pointed  out  to  him,  so  Brown 
crossed  the  street,  and  stepping  in  front  of  him  demanded  to  know 
if  he  had  made  such  a  remark  which  he  repeated,  at  the  same  time 
placing  his  hand  upon  his  weapon. 

"  Tex  asked,  '  is  this  Sam  Brown?  at  the  same  time  placing  his 
hand  upon  his  gun. 

'■  The  latter  answered  that  such  was  his  name. 

*' '  Well,'  says  Tex,  '  I  did  make  that  remark  and  meant  it  too,  and 
am  willing  to  make  the  same  remark  again  to  your  face,  if  'tis  any 
accommodation  to  you,  and  now  what  are  you  going  to  do  about  it? ' 

"  Brown  took  a  good  square  look  at  thatquiet,good  natured  blue 


282  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

eye  of  Tex's,  removed  his  hand  from  his  weapon,  and  remarked  as 
he  turned  to  leave,  'oh  nothing';  some  one  asked  Brown  why  he 
didn't  go  for  Tex  ?  '  Oh! '  says  he,  '  I  don't  want  to  quarrel  with  that 
man.'  " 

Brown  was  a  noted  desperado,  a  fine  looking  man,  with  long 
curly  hair  of  a  sandy  color;  he  was  rather  of  a  good  natured  dispo- 
sition when  perfectly  sober,  but  a  demon  when  drinking. 

It  was  said  of  him  that  he  had  killed  in  the  short  space  of  ten 
years  about  a  dozen  men;  but,  somehow,  he  always  got  clear  by 
pleading  self  defence. 

But  his  career  ended  in  Carson  Valley  some  time  in  'd^  if  I  am 
not  mistaken,  when  Vansickles,  with  a  few  others  overtook,  him  on 
the  road  with  their  shot  guns,  and  without  the  formality  of  a  trial 
filled  his  body  with  buck  shot. 

Jersey  remarked  that  there  was  a  good  story  told  about  Brown, 
the  circumstances  of  which  occurred  in  some  mining  camp  in  the 
State  of  Navada.  Brown  had  butchered  a  man  in  self  defence,  as 
he  usually  claimed,  but  the  authorities  thought  otherwise  and  de- 
termined to  arrest  him;  but  where  was  the  officer  who  was  willing 
to  take  his  chances,  and  make  the  arrest.  An  ex-policeman  in  San 
Francisco  who  had  monkeyed  with  that  style  of  man,  as  he  supposed^ 
learning  of  the  situation,  volunteered  to  make  the  arrest,  and  was 
tendered  the  job. 

Brown  was  informed  of  the  fact,  and  patiently  watched  for  the 
coming  man.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  stage  into  town  containing 
the  policeman,  Brown  was  at  his  post  waiting  to  tender  him  a  cor- 
dial reception,  and  as  the  former  opened  the  stage  door  to  alight. 
Brown  ordered  him  to  remain  right  where  he  was,  and  enjoy  a  ride 
at  his  (Brown's)  expense,  and  then  ordered  the  driver  to  take  him 
away  out  of  town,  which  he  did. 

Another  old-timer  asked  Tennessee  if  he  knew  what  had  become 
of  old  Kentuck  and  his  partner,  Sleepy  Ben  ?  The  former  answered 
that  it  was  never  known  what  had  become  of  them.  They  were 
either  killed  by  the  Indians  or  lost  in  the  mountains  some  time  in 

'54. 

*' You  know  that  after  they  had  worked  out  that  rich  claim  in 
the  winter  of  '49-'5o  in  Georgetown  caflon,  they  went  the  next 
season  up  on  Murderers'  Bar,  on  the  Middle  Fork,  where  they  did 
well.     The  following  season  they  commenced  work  on  the  river, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


383 


284  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

but  luck  was  against  them  and  they  were  washed  out  for  two  sea- 
sons in  succession.  In  '53  they  went  into  the  mountains  on  a  pros- 
pecting expedition,  and  returned  in  the  fall  with  some  of  the  finest 
specimens,  and  the  biggest,  that  you  ever  did  see.  They  struck  a 
rich  cafion  somewhere  at  the  north,  and  we  all  tried  to  find  out 
where  it  was,  but  it  wasn't  any  use,  and  it  never  has  been  found 
yet.  Well,  they  started  in  the  spring  of  '54  for  their  rich  canon, 
and  that  is  the  last  that  ever  has  been  heard  of  Kentuck  and  Sleepy 
Ben.  It  was  very  early  in  the  spring  when  they  started,  and  the 
supposition  was  that  they  got  lost  in  the  snow,  and  were  frozen  or 
starved  to  death." 


CHAPTER    XX. 


Yank  Visits  the  Old  Mining  Camp — Yank  Seated  on  the  Boulder 
— The  First  Loaf  of  Bread — The  Bean-pot  Comet — How 
Julius  Sailed  Up  the  River — Jeff's  Plum-Duff — The 
Stone  Statue — The  Old  Miner  Who  Was  Robbed  on  Board 
THE  Steamer — The  Cceur  d'Alene  Mines — Coasting. 

ONE  of  the  company  remarked,  with  rather  a  sad  expression  of 
countenance,  that  the  last  time  he  went  through  the  mining 
region  in  the  central  counties,  where  he  mined  in  earlier  days,  it 
actually  gave  him  the  blues  to  see  those  small  villages  and  mining 
camps  now  all  going  to  ruins  and  not  a  single  sluice  or  torn  at  work 
for  miles  around,  except  once  in  a  while  by  a  Chinaman. 

"Why,  them  confounded  ranchers,"  he  continued,  "are  jest 
fencin'  in  the  whole  country,  and  settin'  out  their  grape-vines  and 
orchards  right  where  we  used  to  jest  roll  out  ther  dust.  Why,  if 
them  chaps  keep  on  a  spell  longer,  nobody  will  know  that  there 
has  ever  been  any  minin'  done  there  at  all." 

"Oh,  say,  Jim,  when  were  you  up  in  Eldorado  County  last!" 
asked  Yank,  an  old-timer,  of  an  old  pardner  whom  he  had  just  met 
for  ihe  first  time  in  many  years. 

Jim  replied  that  he  had  never  been  to  that  part  of  the  country 
since  he  left  it  in  '53. 

"  But  that  was  a  rich  gulch  that  we  worked  over  there  by  Mos- 
quito canon,  wern't  it  ?"  said  Yank. 

"Well,  I  should  say  it  was,  and  good  two-ounce  diggins'  every 
day.     I  would  jest  like  to  strike  another  sich  a  claim  as  that  now." 

"  Well,"  says  Yank,  "  do  you  remember  old  Buckeye,  the  chap 
with  the  crooked  nose  ?  " 

"  Oh,  yes  !■  yes  indeed.  You  remember  I  called  him  old  cork- 
screw.    But  have  you  ever  run  afoul  of  him  in  your  travels  ?" 

"  Yes,"  replied  Yank,  "  and  I'll  tell  ye  how  I  happened  to  strike 
him  last  fall.     You  see  I  had  been  prospecting  around  up  in  that 

285 


286  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

new  silver  minin'  region  in  Northern  Idaho,  and  as  soon  as  the 
snow  begun  to  fall  I  concluded  to  make  tracks  for  California,  so 
I  came  down  through  Montana  into  Nevada,  but  didn't  see  any 
thing  worth  stayin'  there  for.  Well,  on  my  way  over  from  Ne- 
vada, I  concluded  to  come  around  on  that  divide,  take  a  look 
around  the  country  above  Georgetown,  and  take  a  walk  over  to 
that  gulch,  near  Mosquito  Canon,  where  we  worked  in  '50.  But 
I  tell  vou  I  hardly  knew  the  place,  for  I  had  to  climb  over  fences, 
travel  through  vineyards  and  orchards,  and  in  one  place  I  come 
across  the  biggest  swarm  of  children  that  you  ever  did  see,  and 
it  did  seem  strange  to  see  so  many  children  livin'  where  only  a 
few  years  ago  was  nobody  but  grizzlys  and  Indians.  I  asked  a 
little  black-eyed  chap  where  they  all  came  from,  and  he  said  that 
building  over  there  on  the  hill  was  a  school-house,  and  the  chil- 
dren all  lived  around  in  the  neighborhood.  I  asked  him  if  their 
parents  were  mining  ? 

'''Oh,  no,'  said  he,  '  they  was  most  all  ranchin',  some  few  of 
em  were  mhiin'  down  in  the  caflon  and  some  were  workin'  in  their 
tunnel  claims  in  the  hills.' 

"I  asked  him  if  there  was  any  more  children  in  that  part  of  the 
country. 

'^  "Oh/  says  he,  '  I  reckon  there  is  ;  for  right  over  there  by 
the  canon  is  a  big  school  house  that's  chock  full  of  children,  and 
over  there  in  that  ravine  they  are  jest  buildin'  another  one  and 
that'll  soon  be  full  of  children  too,  you  bet.' 

"  The  boy  put  me  on  the  trail  to  the  canon,  and  I  soon  found  the 
gulch  where  we  mined  nearly  forty  years  ago.  'Tis  all  fenced  in 
now,  and  the  ground  where  we  worked  down  in  the  gulch  is  all  cov- 
ered with  fruit  trees.  You  remember  that  great  quartz  boulder, 
Jim,  that  slid  down  off  the  bank  one  day  and  came  near  smashing 
some  of  us?" 

"Oh,  yes,  first  rate,"  answered  Jim. 

"  Well,  that  great  boulder  lies  right  there  yet  in  the  same  spot 
and  jest  looks  as  natural  as  life.  I  lit  my  pipe  and  took  a  seat 
upon  it,  as  we  used  to  do,  you  remember,  and  thought  of  old 
times,  and  wondered  what  had  become  of  my  old  pardners,  Jim, 
Buckeye  and  Kentuck.  I  found  the  old  cabin  that  we  built,  or 
what  is  left  of  it,  but  it  has  been  fixed  up,  and  two  or  three  chaps 
are  livin'  in  it,  who  are  at  work  for  the  man  who  owns  the  ranch.     I 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


287 


took  a  walk  up  towards  the  old  cabin  and  see  two  of  them  chaps 
grinding  an  axe  out  in  front  of  it.  Do  you  remember,  Jim,  the 
time  that  I  went  over  to  Georgetown  and  bought  that  Dutch  oven  ?" 
"Yes,  indeed,  I  do,  and  old  Buckeye  called  it  a  donkey  baker, 
because  there  was  a  big  cross  upon  the  inside  of  the  cover,  and  I 
remember,  Yank,  how  you  bragged  that  you  was  jest  a-goin  to  show 
the  boys  what  good  bread  was  when  it  come  your  cook  week  agin. 
Ha  !  Ha  !  and  I  remember  that  first   loaf  you  baked,  too,  and  how 


YANK.    REVISITING    THE    OLD    SCENES. 

we  had  to  drill  and  blast  it  into  small  pieces  before  we  could  eat 
it." 

"But  don't  you  remember  the  next  loaf  I  baked  was  so  infernal 
hard,  Jim,  that  you  broke  the  drill  tryin'  to  put  in  a  blast  ?" 

"Yes,  you  bet  I  do,  Yank." 

"  Well,  you've  got  an  awful  good  memory,  Jim;  and  you  remem- 
ber I  threw  that  loaf  of  bread  out  among  the  ashes  in  front  of  the 
house,  Yank  ? " 

"  Well,  now,  listen.     I  see  them  chaps  at  work  up  there  in  front 


288  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

of  the  cabin  grindin'  an  axe,  and  I  could  hear  one  of  'em  growlin* 
and  cussin'  about  somethin',  so  I  walked  up  that  way  to  have  a  talk 
with  them.  They  told  me  that  they  had  been  to  work  mor'n  two 
hours  tryin'  to  grind  the  axe  on  that  grindstone,  but  'twasn't  worth 
a  cuss.  I  asked  them  where  the  stone  came  from,  and  one  of  them 
said  that  he  found  it  among  that  old  pile  of  ashes  and  tried  three 
or  four  days  to  git  a  hole  through  it  so  they  could  use  it. 

"  *  Out  of  the  ash  heap,'  said  I,  *  that's  queer.'  1  stepped  up  close 
to  get  a  good  look  at  it,  and  what  do  you  suppose  I  see,  Jim  ?  Why, 
on  the  side  of  the  stone  was  a  big  cross,  and  I'll  be  dolgerned  if 
they  wasn't  using  that  loaf  of  bread  for  a  grindstone  that  I  throw'd 
out  there  nearly  forty  years  ago,  just  as  sure  as  you  live.  Well,  I 
asked  the  chap  how  they  got  a  hole  through  it.  He  said  they  tried 
every  way  they  could  think  of,  but  'twas  no  use. 

"'One  day  there  was  a  thunder  shower  comin'  over,  and  the 
Boss,  he  fastened  a  wire  to  it  and  then  run  the  'tother  end  of  the 
wire  'way  up  to  the  top  of  a  hop-pole.  Well,  the  lightnin'  struck 
it  right  square  in  the  center,  and  it  jest  tore  the  lightnin'  all  to 
pieces,  but  didn't  hurt  the  stone  a  bit.' 

"  '  Well,  well,'  says  I,  '  that  beats  anything  I  ever  heard  of.  But,' 
I  asked,  'how  did  you  make  out  to  git  a  hole  through  it  at  last?' 

"  '  Well,'  says  he,  *  I'll  tell  ye.  A  man  over  the  hill  yonder  was 
down  here  to  the  ranch  'tother  day  looking  at  the  stone,  and  he 
told  the  Boss  to  bring  it  over  to  his  ranch  and  he  would  drill  a  hole 
through  it  for  him.  So  we  took  it  over  thar  and  he  did  it.  You  see, 
he  has  got  on  his  ranch  a  real  knowin'  sort  of  mule,  who's  always 
willin'  to  do  anythin'  you  want  done,  if  he  can  do  it.  So  the  rancher 
made  the  stone  fast  to  a  tree  behind  the  mule,  fastened  a  drill  to  the 
mule's  hind  foot,  and  then  begun  to  tickle  the  mule  behind  his 
ear  with  a  long  straw,  and  in  about  three  minutes  he  drilled  a  hole 
right  square  through  the  middle  of  the  stone.' 

"  Then  I  up  and  told  him  what  that  stone  was  and  the  reason 
why  they  couldn't  grind  an  axe  on  it,  and  showed  him  the  cross  on 
the  inside  of  it,  and  how  it  was  marked  from  the  cross  on  the  inside 
of  the  cover  of  the  bake-oven. 

"The  chap  who  had  told  me  all  about  drilling  the  hole  through 
it,  turned  his  eye  up  towards  me  and  remarked  that  he  thought 
I  had  better  be  goin'  pretty  soon,  for  the  Boss  might  be  comin' 
down  that  way.     I  asked   him  why  ?     He  said   there  was  a  notice 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  289 

jest  above  thar  on  the  fence  that  no  old  Forty-niners  were  allowed 
to  come  about  on  the  ranch.  I  asked  him  the  reason  why,  and  he 
said  that  he  couldn't  exactly  tell  what  the  reason  was,  but  said  he 
(the  Boss)  was  an  old  Forty-niner  hisself  and  maybe  he  could  tell 
me.  I  then  asked  the  chap  if  he  was  an  old-timer  too.  He  said 
no,  but  that  he  had  an  aunt  who  was. 

"'  I  thought  so,'  said  I. 

"  Well,  just  then  there  come  walking  down  towards  the  cabin  a 
large,  heavy-built,  gray-headed  man,  the  boss  of  the  ranch,  as  they 
informed  me.     He  had,  as  I  though,  a  familiar  look,  and  as  he  came 


THE   NEW   MOTOR. 


nearer,  Jim,  blamed  if  there  wasn't   that   corkscrew  !     Yes,  sure 
enough,  'twas  our  old  pard.  Buckeye. 

"  He  knew  me  at  once,  and  we  spent  nearly  half  a  day  in  talk- 
ing about  old-times,  and  enjoyed  a  jolly  laugh  over  that  grind- 
stone. He  has  a  fine  ranch  ;  lots  of  fruit,  as  well  as  a  very  smart- 
looking  woman  for  a  wife,  and  four  or  five  children. 

"  He  tried  to  persuade   me  to  take  up  a  piece  of  land  near  him, 
get  married  and  live  like  white  folks. 

"  But  I  told  him  that  I  was  too  old  to  start  into  an  arrangement 
of  that  kind  now,  and  should  continue  in  the  occupation  of  mining 
the  balance  of  my  life." 


290  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF    CALIFORNIA. 

Iki  this  manner  the  old-timers  continued  throughout  the  day  in 
calling  up  old  scenes  and  incidents  of  early  days. 

"We  are  getting  pretty  well  along  in  years,  boys,"  says  Jersey, 
"  but  we  can  do  a  heap  of  prospecting  yet,  though.  And  who  knows 
but  what  there  may  be  a  chance  to  make  a  big  stake  before  we  go, 
and  some  of  us  old  prospectors  come  up  to  the  top  of  the  heap 
yet." 

Another  old-timer  now  attempted  to  relate  his  experience  in 
cooking  a  pot  of  beans  for  the  first  time,  when  he  was  suddenly  in- 
terrupted by  Julius,  a  venerable  colored  individual  from  the  city 
of  Boston,  who  was  formerly  cook  on  board  of  some  Boston  ship 
that  arrived  in  California  in  the  year  '49. 

"Yes,  sah!  now  I  spose  you  is  jes'  gwine  to  spress  yer  ignorance 
on  de  bean  cooking  question  sah!  jes'  as  all  ob  dem  gemman  did 
who  was  ignorant  ob  de  cookin'art,  sah;  an'  who  am  deficient  in  de 
high  culture  necessary  for  de  casion,  sah.  I  tells  ye  dat  de  ignor- 
ance ob  de  gemman  in  de  early  days  was  mos'  stonishing  when  dey 
fills  de  pot  chuck  full  ob  de  beans,  an'  den,  as  dey  swell  up  an'  fill 
de  pot  chuck  full,  dey  jes'  scoop  'em  out,  'til  dey  fills  all  de  old  pots 
an'  pans  about  dere  house  wid  dem  half-cooked  beans.  Yes  sah! 
one  ob  dose  uncultivated  individuals  way  down  in  Calaveras,  one 
day  in  '50,  jes'  filled  his  dinner  pot  chuck  full  ob  beans,  an'  when 
dey  undertook  for  to  swell  up,  he  jes'  takes  a  big  chain  an'  lashed 
de  kiver  down  to  keep  'em  in  de  pot.  But  I  tole  him  dat  it  wernt 
no  use  to  do  dat,  kase  de  swel'in'  proclivities  ob  dem  beans  am  so 
powerful,  sah!  dat  you  might  jes'  as  well  try  to  spress  wid  a  big 
chain  dem  gentle  swellln'   proclivities  ob   de  bosom  ob!  ob! — " 

"Of  what  Julius?" 

"  Ob  de  ocean,  de  ocean  sah.'' 

"  Well  Julius,  did  the  pot  cover  blow  off  ? " 

"No,  sah;  but  de  whole  pot,  kiver  an'  all,  jes  blowed  up  froo  de 
roof,  an' away  it  went  sailin'  froo  de  air  ober  de  country  towards 
Bosting,  sah,  wid  dem  beans  jes'  er  streamin'  along  after  it.  De 
miners  tink  it  am  a  comet,  suah,  wid  a  long  tail  jes'  er  scatterin'  de 
fire  an'  de  grabel  stones  all  ober  de  country." 

"  Julius, "one  of  the  boys  asked,  "did  you  see  this  bean-pot  comet 
yourself  ?  " 

"Well,"  he  answered,  "I  jes'  specks  I  did,  boss,  kase  I  was  right 
dar  durin'  de  'currence  ob  dat  berry  interestin'  'casion,  sah." 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFOKXIA. 


291  • 


^I'w^ij^ll;-  \.( 


292  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Yank  suggested  to  him  that  as  it  was  getting  late  he  had  bet- 
ter go  home  and  feed  his  pigs. 

"Yes,  sah!  yes,  sah!  I  is  gwine,  sah."  But  as  he  was  about  to 
leave,  some  one  asked  him  to  tell  the  boys  how  his  company  sailed 
up  the  Sacramento  river  in  '49,  as  they  had  never  heard  the  facts 
related. 

"  Well  "  Julius  replied,  '■'  de  fac'  am,  sah,  dat  before  de  Lord,  I 
is  unwillin"  to  gib  de  gemmen  a  girafic  scription  ob  dat  wonderful  cur- 
rence,  sah." 

When  asked  for  his  reason,  he  replied:  "  Dat  it  might  hab  de 
tendency,  sah,  to  frow  some  'spicion  upon  de  veracitude  ob  de 
honest  Forty-niners,  sah." 

But  upon  being  assured  that  the  veracitude  of  the  Forty-niners 
was  never  doubted,  he  related  that  the  company  he  was  with  num- 
bered sixteen  altogether,  and  they  left  San  Francisco  in  a  large 
yawl  boat  for  Sacramento  City  about  the  middle  of  July  '49,  and 
after  pulling  for  about  two  days  in  the  hot  sun,  in  the  evening  they 
made  the  boat  fast  to  a  bush  on  the  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River 
for  the  night. 

"  Well,  gemmen,"  he  continued,  "  we  soon  found  dat  we  had  jes' 
gone  an'  tied  up  'mongst  de  biggest  an'  de  awfulest  lot  of  skeeters 
dat  you  eber  see  in  all  your  born  days.  Why,  sah,  Ave  couldn't 
cook  nufifin,  kase  jes'  the  minit  we  went  to  open  de  tater  sack,  dem 
skeeters  would  jes'  light  on  it,  an'  fly  away  wid  ebery  bless'd  one 
ob  'em.  Oh,  I  tells  you,  gemmen,  dem  was  a  powerful  breed  ob 
skeeters  an'  no  mistake,  regular  Forty-niners,  suah." 

Some  one  enquired  how  they  managed  to  cook  ? 

He  replied,  "  we  cooked  nuffin,  an'  eat  nuffin,  kase  jes'  de  minit 
we  went  to  put  de  food  in  our  moufs,  dem  savage  reptiles  would  jes* 
swoop  down  wid  dere  long  bills  an'  grab  it  right  away  from  us. 
Well,  sah,  so  we  jes'  takes  our  sail  an'  kivered  ober  the  boat,  an'  all 
hands  turned  in  ter  sleep  fo'  the  night.  But,  gemmen,  when  we  come 
fo'  to  turn  out  in  de  mornin',  an'  look  out  the  tent  we  was  jes'  de 
most  astonished  set  ob  individuals,  sah,  dat  you  eber  seen,  kase  we 
foun'  dat  we  had  gone  an'  sailed  up  dat  riber  in  the  night  sah;  clar 
up  to  Sacramento  City  fo'  suah;  but  how  inde  name  ob  de  Lord  we 
hed  got  up  dar,  was  de  mos'  'stonishing  subjec'  for  'cussion  sah. 

"  When  we  come  for  to  '  vestigate,  an'  take  a  view  ob  de  situation, 
we    foun'  out  jes'    de  way  ob   de  whole    truff,  fo'  jes'  as  suah  as* 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


293 


you  lib,  gemmen,  dar  was  our  line  stretchin'  way  out  ahead  ob  de 
boat,  sah,  all  kivered  ober  wid  dem  immense  insects;  dem  Forty- 
nine  skeeters.  You  mus'  understand,  gemmen,  dat  dat  line  ob  ourn 
was  a  tarred  rope,  an'  de  hot  wedder  jes'  made  it  awful  sticky.  Well, 
you  see  dat  dem  skeeters  went  an'  used  dat  ar  tarred  rope  for  der 
roos'  in  de  night,  an'  when  dey  feet  was  once  on  dat  line  dey  was 
dar  fo'  good.  In  de  night,  when  de  boss  skeeter  ordered  all  hands 
up  to  tend  to  their  duties,  dey  jes'  took  de  line  an'  all  along  wid  'em 
right  op  de  riber,  an'  fo'  de  Lord,  gemmen,  dat  was  de  way  we  done 
sailed  up  de  Sacramento  Riber." 

Some  one  asked  Julius  about    the  size   of    them  mosquitoes. 
He  replied,  "  Well,  now,  about  de  size  ob  dem  animals,  you  is  axin 


., ft''w'V-  f 'v"'^^'^>'^•'^'^'^'■i^?W--.■■- 


MOSQUITOES. 

me  too  much,  kase  we  didn't  hab  any  rule  or  chalk  line  on  de  boat 
to  measure  dem  wid;  but  I  tells  yer  for  a  fac',  gemmen,  dat  we 
kotched  de  whole  lot  ob  'em,  chopped  of  dare  bills,  sah;  an'  sold 
'em  to  de  hotels  in  de  city." 

When  asked  what  use  they  made  of  them  at  the  hotels,  he  said 
that  they  used  'em  fo'  toothpicks. 

After  bidding  all  hands  good  bye,  and  with  an  earnest  wish  that 
they  might  all  live  to  enjoy  many  such  pleasant  meetiiigs  and  to 
talk  about  old  times,  Julius  departed. 

*'  That  story  about  the  loaf  ot  bread,"  said  Jeff,  **  reminds  me 
of  a  specimen  of  my  cooking,  once  upon  a  time.    It  was  up  in  Shasta 


294  THE  ARGOXA  UTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

County  along  in  the  winter  of  '50.  There  were  four  of  us  in  com- 
pany, and  we  took  regular  turns  to  display  our  science  in  the  cook- 
ing  art.  Well,  I  concluded  once,  when  it  come  my  week  to  git  up 
the  grub,  to  give  the  boys  something  new  in  the  grub  line,  a  regular 
old-fashioned  plum  pudding,  or  plum-duff  as  they  called  it  on  board 
the  ship  on  our  voyage  around  the  Horn.  I  never  had  made  one, 
but  I  had  seen  the  ship's  cook  get  them  up,  and  I  was  confident 
that  I  could  fix  one  up  in  the  same  style,  and  I  thought  'twas  no 
trick  at  all.  Just  take  some  flour,  put  it  into  a  sack,  slap  in  some 
water,  you  know  ;  throw  in  some  salt,  a  little  spice,  a  hunk  of  butter, 
and  then  some  dried  apples,  if  there  ain't  any  raisins  around,  then 
some  eggs,  and  that  ends  the  programme.  Then  shake  'em  all  to- 
gether a  spell,  put  the  sack  in  the  kettle  and  let  her  bile  till  'tis 
done,  and  you  have  got  something  fit  to  eat,  or  anyway  you  oughter 
have  if  'tis  mixed  all  right ;  but,  boys,  in  making  that  duff  I  made  a 
mistake  somewhere  ;  for  after  I  had  biled  it  for  about  six  hours, 
and  come  to  put  it  on  the  table  jest  to  see  how  astonished  the  boys 
would  look,  I  tell  you  what  we  were  all  of  us  astonished  to  find  that 
the  derned  thing  was  so  tough  that  we  couldn't  cut  it  with  a  knife. 
So  one  of  the  boys,  after  choppmg  off  a  slice  of  it  with  the  axe  to 
tap  his  boots  with,  threw  it  out  of  the  door  and  it  rolled  into  a  pros- 
pect hole,  and  'twas  good-bye  duff  for  a  time,  but  not  forever.  A 
day  of  resurrection  came  for  my  duff.  'Twas  about  fifteen  years 
afterwards  that  some  miners  at  work  there  ground-sluicing  away 
the  bank,  found  it.  It  was  a  great  curiosity,  for  no  such  spotted 
stone  had  ever  been  found  around  them  diggings  before,  and  many 
opinions  were  given  by  those  who  claimed  to  be  well  posted  in  geo- 
logical science,  and  'twas  real  interesting  to  hear  them  explain  what 
kind  of  mineral  it  was,  and  the  different  elements  'twas  composed  of; 
how  old  it  was,  what  era  or  period  it  belonged  to,  etc.  Well,  boys, 
I  could  have  told  'em  very  quick  all  about  its  age,  eras,  periods, 
and  its  dufferdom  elements,  for  I  knew  what  it  was  the  minute  I  see 
It,  but  I  didn't  want  to  let  the  cat  out  of  the  bag,  for  I  was  always 
sorry  that  I  let  the  duff  out,  so  I  kept  shady.  There  was  a  little 
hollow  on  one  side,  where  one  of  the  boys  chopped  the  slice  off  to 
tap  his  boots  with,  so  the  boys  who  found  it  used  it  for  a  number  of 
years  as  a  mortar  to  prospect  quartz  with.  Well,  one  day  there  was 
a  scientific  man,  a  professor  from  some  part  of  Europe,  around  view- 
ing the  country,  and  hearing  about  the  curious  stone, he  went  to  see  it. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


29s 


SCIENCE   AND    PLUM-DUFF, 


296  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

"  After  examining  it  carefully  all  over,  he  said  : 

"  '  I  would  like  to  see  'em  inside.' 

"'  Well,  they  informed  him  that  if  he  would  buy  it  he  could 
break  it  open  and  see  what  was  inside  it.  So  he  bought  it  for  a 
trifle  and  he  got  one  of  the  boys  to  take  a  beetle  and  wedge  and  split 

it  open. 

"The  Professor  took  the  pieces  up  carefully  in  his  hand,  put  on 
his  gold  specks,  and  after  looking  at  the  stone  for  a  minute,  said  : 

'•'Oh,  mine  gracious,  shentlemens,  does  you  know  vot  I  was 
found  here;  dis  vas  vonderful;  vo  here  in  dis  stone  I  does  found 
dem  leetle  commencements  ov  our  lives.' 

"  Then  he  told  us  that  the  soft  stuff  that  he  found  in  the  center 
of  it  was  spasms-splasms.  It  sounded  something  like  photo,  or  proto- 
plasms.    He  was  very  much  excited  over  it,  and  said  he  : 

"  '  I  takes  dis  vonderful  stone  to  Sharmany  mit  me,  because  you 
Americans  don't  understand  about  dese  tings  so  mooch.'  " 

Some  one  asked  Jeff  if  he  had  ever  heard  anything  about  the 
Professor  or  his  duff,  since. 

"  Well,"  says  Jeff,  "  a  short  time  ago  I  saw  the  picture  in  some 
pictorial  paper  of  a  stone  statue  that  was  erected  somewhere  in 
Europe  in  honor  of  some  great  scientific  man  who  had  recently 
died,  and  he  was  holding  in  his  outstretched  hand  a  great  round 
spotted  stone.  And,  boys,  blamed  if  it  didn't  look  exactly  like 
that  same  old  plum-duff  that  I  biled  for  the  boys  up  in  Shasta 
nearly  forty  years  ago,  and  I'll  jest  bet  it  was,  too." 

Some  one  present  asked  Yank  if  his  old  pard,  who  was  robbed 
of  part  of  his  gold  dust  on  his  way  home  in  '51  on  board  of  the 
steamship  "  Illinois,"  ever  recovered  it.  Yank  replied  that  he  never 
did,  and,  being  requested  to  relate  the  particulars,  he  stated  that 
his  pard  made  a  visit  to  his  friends  in  the  East  in  the  fall  of  '51, 
and  was  robbed  on   the  way  home    by  a  gambler  by  the  name  of 

"  He  took  advantage  when  my  pard  had  gone  up  on  deck  for  a 
few  minutes  and  went  to  his  bunk,  cut  open  his  valise  and  took 
from  a  buckskin  belt  two  purses  containing  $800  or  $1,000.  Miller 
was  arrested  upon  arrival  in  Panama  and  thoroughly  searched,  but 
nothing  could  be  found  upon  him.  He  had  an  accomplice  on  board 
who  secreted  it  for  him.  Perhaps  some  of  you  remember  this  man. 
He  was  not  a  regular  gambler,  but  what  they  called  a  bar-room 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  297 

scruh-ganiblcr,  and  would,  in  company  with  a  few  others  of  the  same 
species,  sit  at  a  httle  table  in  one  corner  and  play  poker  for  ten 
cents  ante  day  and  night.  When  my  old  pard  decided  to  return 
home  this  scrub-gambler  concluded  to  go  in  the  same  steamer." 

Upon  being  assured  by  two  or  three  present  that  they  remem- 
bered the  great  tall  saloon  bummer,  Yank  continued  by  saying  that 


THE    MILLER    TAKING    AN    UNJUST    TOLL. 

upon  the  arrival  of  the  steamer  in  New  York  his  pard  secured  the 
services  of  a  detective  to  watch  .,  who  was  followed  a  few 

days  after  their  arrival  into  the  banking  house  of  Beebe  &  Co.,  on 
Wall  street,  where  he  sold  about  $800  worth  of  gold  dust.  A  de- 
scription of  the  appearance  of  certain  specimens  among  the  dust 
was  given  the  detective,  and  he  found   upon  an  examination  of  it 


298  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

that  it  answered  the  description  and  was,  no  doubt,  the  stolen  dust. 
The  detective  explained  to  the  bank  clerk  that  the  gold  had  been 
stolen,  and  requested  that  it  be  laid  to  one  side  until  he  could  send 
for  the  owner  of  it,  but  owing  to  some  misunderstanding  among 
the  clerks,  when  the  detective  returned  with  the  Forty-niner  to  the 
bank  later  in  the  day,  they  found  that  it  had  been  sent  to  the  Mint 
in  Philadelphia  only  an  hour  before.  They  therefore  boarded  the 
next  train,  and,  upon  their  arrival  at  the  Mint,  found  that  they  were 
about  ten  minutes  too  late  ;  it  had  gone  into  the  melting  pot. 

Upon  some  inquiry  being  made  in  regard  to  ,  Yank  stated 

that  by  a  person,  who  was  acquainted  with  him,  he  was  in- 
formed that  the  gambler  had  prospered  pretty  well  in  life,  had 
a  family,  was  at  present  in  good  health,  and  loved  to  boast 
among  his  acquaintances  of  the  high  and  exalted  position  that  he 
once  held  as  Alcalde  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Hangtown,  Cali- 
fornia, forty  years  ago. 

Yank  was  asked  if  he  ran  across  many  of  the  old-timers  during 
his  late  prospecting  expedition  at  the  North  ? 

He  replied  that  he  found  them  in  almost  every  mining  camp. 
"  I  met  three  old  acquaintances  up  in  the  Salmon  River  country 
that  I  hadn't  heard  from  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  they  in- 
formed me  of  cjuite  a  number  who  were  at  work  in  the  Snake  River 
country.  Then  I  found  some  eight  or  ten  of  the  old  Forty-niners 
up  in  the  Coeur  D'Alene  silver  region.  I  met  one  whose  name  is 
Sam  Black.  He  was  a  passenger  in  the  ship  "Gray  Eagle"  from 
Philadelphia  ,in  '49,  and  at  one  time  in  early  days  worked  r.ear 
Hangtown.  Sam  is  now  prospecting  a  silver  ledge,  and  also  working 
Nine-mile  Cafion  with  a  bed  rock  flume,  from  which  he  expects  to 
make  money  enough  to  enable  him  to  return  once  more  to  San 
Francisco  and  spend  the  balance  of  his  days  among  his  acquaint- 
ances, for  he  thinks  he  has  done  his  share  in  tramping  through 
cafions  and  over  mountains,  hunting  for  mineral,  and  feels  now  like 
taking  a  rest.  All  of  these  old-timers  are  confident  now  that  they 
have  at  last  struck  the  right  spot,  and  like  the  balance  of  the  old- 
time  prospectors  who  are  yet  in  harness,  they  have  magnificent 
prospects  just  a  little  ahead  of  them,  and  are  living  in  full  expecta- 
tion of  one  day  in  the  near  future  striking  it  immensely  rich.  They 
hope  to  have  the  satisfaction,  at  least  when  it  comes  their  turn  to 
pass,  even  if  they  haven't  enjoyed  the  pleasure  during  life  of  hold- 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


299 


ing  a  full  hand,  to  leave  a  good  hand  and  a  big  pot  for  the  benefit 
of  those  who  will  take  their  places  to  finish  out  the  game. 

"  To  the  old-timers  this  is  a  great  consolation,  ain't  it,  b'ys  ?  " 

*'  You  bet  it  is,"  was  the  general  response. 

"Oh,  yes,"  he  replied,  in  answer  to  an  inquiry,  "there  are  a 
great  many  Forty-niners  now  living  in  the  State  of  Nevada  ;  some 
are  hunting  for  mineral  and  quite  a  number  are  engaged  in  ranching. 
An  old  acquaintance  told  me  that  he  met  quite  a  number  of  the  old 


THE    DONKEY    PROSPECTOR. 

boys   in    the   mining    region    of    Colorado,  and    a   few  of   them  in 
Utah." 

An  old  miner  enquired  of  Yank  what  the  prospects  were  up  in 
the  Coeur  D'Alene  silver  region.  He  replied  that  from  what  he 
saw  up  there  he  was  satisfied  that  it  would  prove  to  be  a  very  rich 
mining  region.  There  are  now  a  number  of  mines  from  which  they 
are  shipping  tons  of  ore  daily,  but  the  hills  in  this  region  have  not 
yet  been  prospected  only  to  a  small  extent,  and  in  my  opinion  many 
richer  mines  will  be  yet  discovered  than  they  are  working  at  pres- 
ent.    Another  one  enquired  of  him  how  they  happened  to  discover 


300  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

this  silver  region,  and  who  made  the  first  discovery.  Yank  stated 
that  they  were  discovered  by  a  party  of  prospectors  who  came  over 
the  summit  of  the  mountains  from  the  gold  regions  of  Pritchard 
and  Eagle  creeks  to  prospect  for  gold.  These  were  a  man  by  the 
name  of  Kellogg  and  the  other  was  Phil  O'Rouke.  They  packed 
their  tools  and  grub  over  upon  a  donkey.  After  prospecting  around 
for  a  few  days  among  the  ravines  and  canons  and  finding  nothing, 
they  concluded  to  return.  When  ready  to  return  they  found  that 
their  donkey  had  strayed  away  and  upon  searching  for  him  they 
discovered  him  away  upon  the  side  of  the  mountain  perched  upon  a 
mass  of  rock  or  croppings  of  lava,  as  it  appeared  to  be  from  a  dis- 
tance, but  they  found  to  their  astonishment  and  delight  that  this 
outcropping  upon  which  their  donkey  had  taken  his  station  was  a 
solid  mass  of  ore  of  some  character  which  they  didn't  know  the 
value  of  until  they  had  it  properly  assayed  upon  their  return  home. 
This  mine,  first  discovered  by  a  donkey,  is  the  Bunker  Hill  mine, 
situated  near  the  town  of  Wardner. 

Yank  continued  by  saying  that  no  prospecting  can  be  done  up  in 
that  country  in  the  winter  season,  owing  to  the  intense  cold  and 
great  depth  of  snow,  but  there  is  no  difficulty  whatever  in  working 
a  mine  and  of  shipping  ore  at  any  time,  as  a  railroad  is  running 
convenient  to  the  great  majority  of  the  mines.  One  remarkable 
phenomenon  I  noticed  in  that  region  was  the  absence  of  wind 
storms.  I'he  wind  blows  but  seldom,  and  the  snow  falls  in  large 
flakes  right  straight  down,  and  remains  where  it  falls  until  the  com- 
ing of  the  warm  air  current  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  called,  in  this 
region,  the  Chenook,  and  the  influence  of  which  is  felt  for  some 
distance  beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  this  latitude. 

By  the  way,  passing  through  the  Coeur  dWIene  mining  region 
the  remains  of  an  old  road  can  be  seen  that  was  built  by  the  Gov- 
ernment some  time  in  '6i  or  '62  for  the  purpose  of  opening  a  com- 
munication for  the  transportation  of  troops  and  stores  between  the 
Pacific  Coast  and  the  East.  This  road  was  built  from  Walla-Walla, 
in  Washington  Territory,  to  Fort  Benton,  Montana.  Many  of  the 
old  bridges,  or  rather  the  ruins  of  them,  can  yet  be  seen,  and  are 
very  numerous,  for  upon  one  portion  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  River, 
from  the  town  of  Wallace  to  the  town  of  Mullan,  a  distance  of  nine 
miles,  the  river  has  to  he  crossed,  I  think,  fourteen  times.  The 
builder  of  this   road,    Mr.  John  Mullan,  is  at  the  present  time  a 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


301 


302  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA, 

resident  of  the  city  of  Washington,  D.  C,  and  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law. 

Another  phenomenon  I  noticed  here  was  the  new  style  of  coast- 
ing (at  least  to  me)  practiced  by  the  girls  and  boys  during  the  moon- 
light evenings,  their  sleds  consisting  simply  of  deer  skins.  These 
would  be  spread  out  upon  the  snow  with  the  hair  side  down.  A  the 
starting  point,  at  the  top  of  a  steep  hill,  sitting  down  upon  the  skin, 
the  sides  and  ends  would  be  drawn  up  as  snug  as  possible,  and  when 
a  number  were  ready  the  signal  would  be  given,  and  being  assisted 
in  the  start  by  the  boys,  away  they  go  without  regard  to  order  or 
method.  The  fun  in  this  style  of  coasting  does  not  consist  so  much 
in  seeing  who  will  reach  the  foot  of  the  hill  lirst,  but  if  they  can 
descend  and  retain  their  sitting  posture,  which  is  almost  impossible, 
for  the  contact  with  each  other  in  their  descent  causes  them  to  roll 
over  and  over,  for  the  hands  are  occupied  in  holding  fast  the  ends 
of  the  deer  skins,  and  to  roll  is  easy.  Of  course  the  scene  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill,  where  the  boys  and  girls  all  finally  meet  upon  one 
common  level,  and  badly  mixed,  is  where  the  fun  comes  in. 


CHAPTER    XXI. 


Their  Names  Unknown — The  Types  of  Men  in  the  Mines — Pike's^ 
Illustration  of  Missouri  Character — Bob   the    Fiddler-—.;. 
The  Power  of  Music  Illustrated — John  Kelley  the  Music- 
ian— Joe    Bowers — Jeff  Visits  Pioneer  Hall — Old  Miners 
in  San  Francisco. 

DURING  a  lull  in  the  conversation  about  this  time,  it  was  men- 
tioned by  an  old  miner  as  a  singular  circumstance,  that  al- 
though the  old-timers  present  had  been  acquainted  with  each  other 
for  nearly  forty  years,  he  would  bet  his  old  blind  mule,  that  was 
hitched  to  the  fence  outside,  "agin  a  chew  of  tobacco,"  they  could- 
n't tell  the  names  of  one  another,  which  was  found  upon  trial  to  be 
the  case. 

"  Well,  boys,"  said  Yank,  "  in  old  times  we  didn't  ask  the  name 
of  a  man;  but  whar  are  you  from  was  the  main  question,  the  infor- 
mation to  be  desired,  and  many  had  become  so  accustomed  to  satis- 
fying their  curiosity  upon  this  point  that  in  course  of  time  it  was 
possible  to  tell  with  some  certainty  what  State  a  man  was  from  by 
his  general  appearance.  For  in  those  early  times,  when  the  various 
States  were  more  thinly  settled  than  at  present,  the  individuals  of 
each  State  possessed  some  peculiarity  of  form,  feature,  or,  their 
pronunciation  of  certain  words,  by  which  they  could  be  distinguished, 
that  is,  by  any  one  who  took  the  trouble  to  study  the  differences 
between  them.  For  instance,  an  acquaintance  of  mine  in  early  days 
who  had  from  curiosity  studied  the  peculiarities  of  the  emigrants 
from  the  various  States,  said  that  he  could  tell,  as  soon  as  he  laid 
his  eyes  upon  a  new  comer,  what  State  the  latter  was  from. 

"  There  "  said  he,  "do  you  see  them  chaps  a-digging  that  tail  race 
by  the  foot  cf  the  hill  ?  Well,  they  are  from  away  down  East,  the 
State  of  Maine.  See,  they  are  large,  heavy  framed,  tall  and  awkward 
in  their  movements,  and  when  they  walk  their  long  arms  swing 
about  like  the  arms  of  a  windmill.     Notice  how  angular  their  bodies 

303 


304  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

are.  That  is  caused  by  friction  in  circulating  about  among  the 
granite  boulders  of  their  native  State.  The  Vermonters  are  tall, 
like  their  neighbors,  but  of  better  build.  Now  down  yonder  beyond 
the  bridge  you  notice  a  number  of  men  at  work.  Well  that  first 
gang  is  from  Massachusetts,  and  the  gang  below  them  comes  from 
Connecticut,  Now,  you  see,  although  they  are  all  New  Englanders, 
yet  they  differ  very  much  from  the  boys  of  Maine.  They  are, 
as  a  general  rule,  of  shorter  stature,  with  short  arms,  and  more  com- 
pactly built.  But  although  the  boys  from  the  New  England  States 
differ  very  much  in  their  general  appearance,  yet  there  is  one  trait 
peculiar  to  them,  by  which,  as  a  general  rule  they  can  be  distinguish- 
ed from  the  boys  of  many  of  the  other  States,  1  mean  of  course  here 
in  the  mining  regions,  and  that  is  they  are  industrious,  and  are  little 
inclined  to  waste  their  time  in  loafing  around  among  the  saloons  and 
gambling  houses. 

"There,  do  you  see  them  boys  over  there  upon  the  other  side  of 
the  creek.  Now,  they  are  from  Ohio.  There  is  no  mistaking  their 
native  State,  for  they  have  all  that  peculiar  look,  form  and  build. 

"  They  are,  as  a  rule,  above  the  medium  in  height;  heavy  built, 
broad  shouldered,  but  bones  small  and  compact,  with  full  faces  and 
almcfet  always  with  a  round  head  and  nose  of  the  snub  order. 

"  Like  the  New  England  boys,  they  are  generally  industrious  and 
do  not  fool  away  much  time  around  among  the  liquor  shops.  Now 
do  you  see  those  chaps  over  there  by  the  mill.  Well,  their  State  is 
near  Ohio,  yet  they  are  a  different  class  of  people.  The  difference 
is  that  when  you  run  afoul  of  a  man  of  that  appearance,  you  can 
just  bet  he  is  from  the  State  of  Illinois.  You  see  that  the  most  of 
them  have  strait  sandy  hair,  with  whiskers  to  match,  sharp  features, 
and  as  a  general  rule  wear  freckles  upon  their  countenances;  but 
then  they  are  industrious,  and  good  natured.  And  now"  said  he' 
where  do  you  suppose  those  boys  are  from,  who  are  building  the  log 
cabin  on  the  point  below  there?  Do  you  notice  their  sharp  feat- 
ures, coarse,  strait  black  hair  and  that  they  are  slim  built  and  round 
shouldered  too?  Well,  them  chaps  are  from  New  Jersey.  Now  just 
observe  the  difference  between  them  and  the  two  chaps  coming  up 
the  trail  beyond  with  their  mining  tools  upon  their  shoulders.  Now, 
there  is  a  type  of  man  different  in  many  respects  from  all  others 
who  come  into  the  mining  regions.  You  notice  that  they  are  tall, 
but  heavy  built,  and  walk  erect  like  soldiers  on  parade.     They  have 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  305 

sandy  hair;  'tis  rather  long  and  you  notice  that  'tis  inchned  to  curl, 
with  chin  whiskers  and  mustache  to  match.  You  notice  also  that 
they  wear  a  pleasant  smile,  an  indication  that  they  are  good  na- 
tured,  and  so  they  are;  but  if  a  chap  for  any  reason  sees  fit  to  in- 
timate to  one  of  them  that  he  is  a  prevaricator,  he  must  break  the 
news  to  him  gently,  in  a  kind  of  a  quiet  r;ubdued  sort  of  style,  from  a 
distance,  or  from  the  opposite  side  of  r.  big  stump,  for  the  application 
of  the  term  '  liar  '  to.  one  of  that  breed  of  men,  will  cause  a  mon- 
strous bowie-knife  to  fly  from  his  boot  leg,  and  woe  to  the  man 
it  isaimed  at." 

"  Yes,"  interrupted  Tennessee,  "that  reminds  me  of  a  Dutch- 
man up  on  Bear  river,  in  '50,  who  had  some  troul^le  with  one  of 
those  chaps  about  a  mining  claim,  and  he  said  to  one  of  them  'you 
vas  told  von  big  lie.  As  the  Dutchman  saw  him  reach  down  for  his 
bowie  knife,  he  started  to  run,  but  the  knife  was  too  quick  for  him, 
and  the  heavy  ivory  handle  struck  him  alongside  of  his  head  and 
knocked  him  down.  He  saw  the  flash  of  the  sun  upon  the  polished 
blade  as  it  came  towards  him,  and  when  he  became  conscious 
some  one  asked  what  was  the  matter  ? 

"'Oh,  mine  gracious,  he  answered;  '  some  big  flash  of  dose  light- 
nings shust  comes  after  mit  me,  und  I  dinks  dot  I  vas  dunder  struck.' 

"Well  those  boys  are  from  Mississippi.  But  few  of  them  however, 
ever  came  into  the  minmg  regions.  They  were  generous  and  free 
hearted,  and  a  fair  specimen  of  American  character  from  that  por- 
tion of  the  country." 

Yank  resumed  by  saymg  that  although  'twas  often  difficult  to  tell 
with  certainty  what  State  a  man  was  from  by  his  general  appearance, 
yet  a  Northern  man  could  almost  always  be  distinguished  from  one 
who  was  of  Southern  birth. 

"  To  illustrate  "  continued  he,  "  my  old  pard  said,  There  do  you 
seethe  boys  standing  there  in  front  of  the  cabin  ?  They  are  rather 
tall,  strait,  with  short  black  hair,  their  complexion  rather  dark,  and 
you  notice  that  they  have  no  beards;  the  cheek  bones  are  high  too- 
Now,  those  boys  are  from  the  Blue  Grass  regions  of  Kentucky;  full 
•  of  fun,  and  would  rather  climb  around  among  the  mountains  and 
cafions,  with  their  heavy  rifles  on  their  shoulders,  than  to  work  at 
mining  in  the  hot  sun." 

It  being  evident  now  that  Yank  had  concluded  his  explanation 
of  the  various  types  of  men  found  in  the  mining  region  in  early 


3o6  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

days,  old  Pike  arose  to  his  feet  and  demanded  to  know  if  he  meant 
to  insult  his  native  State  b}'  passing  over  it  and  not  noticing  it  at 
all. 

"  Why,''  said  he,  "  haint  we  got  no  keracter  at  all  down  thar  ? " 

Yank  answered  him  that  as  he  was  present  to  speak  for  his  own 
State  he  ought  to  do  so,  and  they  would  listen  to  him. 

"  Well,"  said  Pike,  "  there  was  a  right  smart  chance  of  our  boys 
from  old  Missouri  thet  come  out  inter  Californy  long  in  '50,  an'  I 
tell  ye,  boys,  thet  dern  my  buttons  if  I  jest  wern't  ashamed  of  some 
on  'em  myself.  But  them  Pike  County  chaps  was  from  the  frontier, 
yer  know,  and  of  course  er  couldn't  expect  anything  better.  But 
when  yer  come  to  talk  about  Missouri  keracter  in  general, 
boys,  an'  of  them  old-fashioned  forty-year  ago  chaps,  ther  real  stub 
an'  twist  style  of  Missouri  gentlemen,  why,  if  yer  jest  mix  together 
every  good  pint  that  yer  can  find  in  all  ther  rest  on  'em  from  ther 
t'other  States,  bile  'em  all  down  in  a  big  kittle,  an'  when  'its  cooled 
down  a  spell  take  off  the  kiver,  an'  yer'll  find  in  the  bottom  on  it 
one  of  yer  rale  old-fashioned  Missouri  gentlemen,  cooked  clean 
through,  too,  you  bet.  Thar  wern't  no  marrer  in  ther  backbones 
nuther,  cause  they  was  chuck  full  'er  sand,  an'  ther  wern't  no  room 
for  marrer,  and  they  didn't  hev  no  superiors  any  whar.  Now, 
theft  my  opinion  of  them  chaps  m  Missouri.  What's  yer  opinion, 
pard  ?  " 

"  Oh,  well,"  replied  Yank,  "if  we  take  you  for  a  sample,  Pike, 
maybe  you  are  not  far  out  of  the  way." 

Yank  asked  Jersey  if  he  had  ever,  during  his  travels  around  the 
country,  come  across  one  of  his  old  pardners  whom  they  called 
Bob  the  Fiddler. 

"Yes,"  answered  Jersey,  "  but  he  went  East  about  fifteen  years 
ago,  with  quite  a  fortune  that  he  made  up  on  the  Trinity  River.  He 
was  a  fine  young  chap,  but  some  of  the  boys  in  the  company  were 
terribly  down  on  him  when  we  first  went  into  the  mines  in  '49.  You 
see,  before  we  sailed  from  New  York  there  were  ten  of  us  who  con- 
cluded to  form  a  company  by  ourselves  and  work  together,  just  as 
a  great  many  others  did  who  came  around  Cape  Horn,  and  who 
intended  to  go  into  the  mines.  These  companies  were  nearly  all 
broken  up  upon  their  arrival  in  the  mines,  because  it  was  soon  found 
that  there  were  many  lazy  ones  among  them  who  were  not  willing 
to  do  their  share  of  the  work.     But  our  company  seemed  to  get 


THE  ARGONAUIS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


307 


3o8  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

along  first  rate,  and  every  man  was  willing  to  do  his  part  of  the 
work  except  Bob.  We  worked  together  as  a  company,  however, 
for  nearly  two  years,  until  some  of  the  boys  concluded  to  go  home 
again.  When  we  first  commenced  mining  we  came  pretty  near 
breaking  up  on  account  of  Bob,  but  fortunately  we  did  not,  and 
I'll  explain  why  we  didn't.  You  see  we  were  working  a  rich  claim 
in  Georgetown  canon  in  the  fall  of  '49  ;  'twas  good  ounce  diggings, 
and  we  were  all  anxious  to  get  out  all  we  could  before  the  heavy 
rains  commenced  in  the  winter,  but  the  trouble  was  that  Bob 
wouldn't  do  his  share  of  the  work,  and  consequently  there  was  a 
good  deal  of  grumbling,  and  four  or  five  of  the  boys  were  deter- 
mined not  to  divide  with  him  a  share  of  our  week's  work  upon  the 
Saturday  night  following,  and  declared  that  if  he  was  paid  a  share 
of  it  they  would  quit  and  break  up  the  company.  Now,  Bob  was  a 
first  rate  fellow,  good  natured  and  always  full  of  his  jokes  and  fun; 
was  always  ready  and  willing  to  run  errands  or  work  about  the 
cabin,  but  he  was  not  used  to  hard  work  and  would  only  work  in 
the  mine  a  few  hours  each  day.  But  Bob  was  a  good  fiddler  and 
singer,  and  I  tell  you,  boys,  after  the  day's  work  was  done  we  liked 
to  hear  him  start  in  on  his  music.  Well,  fiddle-strings  were  a  scarce 
article  up  in  the  mines  then,  and  some  of  Bob's  strings  breaking 
we  had  to  get  along  without  music  for  awhile  ;  but  one  Saturday 
Bob  heard  of  a  man  who  worked  in  a  canon  a  few  miles  above,  and 
who  had  just  come  up  from  San  Francisco,  bringing  an  assortment 
of  fiddle-strings  with  him.  This  was  good  news  for  Bob,  so  he 
threw  down  his  pick  and  shovel  about  ten  o'clock  a.m.  and  made 
tracks  for  the  caiion. 

"It  was  then  that  the  dissatisfied  ones  determined  that  Bob 
should  either  leave  the  company  or  they  would,  for  they  had  made 
up  their  minds  not  to  work  any  more  for  a  man  who  wouldn't  do 
his  share. 

"  The  balance  of  us,  however,  thought  too  much  of  Bob  to  have 
him  turned  out  of  the  company,  and  agreed  if  they  would  over- 
look Bob's  faults  that  we  would  work  a  little  harder  to  make  up  for 
his  delinquency.  We  were  thus  engaged  in  talking  and  endeavor- 
ing to  arrange  the  difficulty  along  in  the  afternoon,  when  we  heard 
the  sound  of  Bob's  violin  up  on  the  hill  above.  Upon  looking  up 
we  saw  him  seated  upon  a  log  under  the  shade  of  an  oak.  We  all 
stopped  work  and  seated  ourselves  upon  the  most  convenient  places 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


309 


BOB,    THE    FIDDLER. 


3IO  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

to  listen  to  the  music,  and  for  more  than  two  hours  we  sat  there 
listening  to  the  old  familiar  tunes,  played  and  sung  by  Bob,  of 
'  Auld  Lang  Syne,'  '  Sweet  Home,'  •  Ben  Bolt,'  '  Do  They  Miss  Me 
at  Home,'  'The  Old  Folks  at  Home,'  as  well  as  other  songs  that  we 
had  often  heard  among  our  friends  and  acquaintances  at  home. 
Well,  the  effect  of  this  was  that  upon  making  a  division  at  night 
Bob  received  his  full  share.  Not  a  word  of  complaint  was  made 
against  him  by  anyone  then  or  ever  afterwards,  and  he  was  given 
to  understand  that  if  he  would,  after  the  day's  work  was  done  and 
we  had  lighted  our  pipes  for  the  evening  smoke,  make  our  lonely 
evenings  more  cheerful  by  playing  the  old  familiar  airs,  that  he 
could  jest  work  when  or  as  little  as  he  pleased  on  the  claim." 

At  this  point  an  old-timer,  who  previous  to  this  had  been  silent, 
remarked  that  but  few  persons  are  aware  of  the  wonderful  power 
of  music,  and  its  effect  upon  the  mind  under  certain  conditions. 
But  of  course  we  do  not  realize  its  magic  influence  except  when 
placed  as  we  were  in  early  days  so  far  from  home  and  living,  as  you 
might  say,  in  a  semi-civilized  condition  among  the  mountains  of  a 
new  country,  that  these  old  familiar  songs  that  we  heard  in  our 
younger  days  seem  to  strike  with  full  force,  and  awaken  memories 
that  have  lain  dormant  for  many  years  perhaps. 

"I  remember  a  little  incident,"  he  continued,  "  that  occurred  in 
early  days  in  a  small  mining  camp  upon  Murderer's  Bar  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River,  which  illustrates  this  wonder- 
ful power  of  music. 

"A  young  man  from  one  of  the  Southern  States  was  mining 
upon  the  bar.  He  had  a  good  paying  claim,  but  he  got  to  drink- 
ing and  spent  most  of  his  time  loafing  around  among  the  saloons, 
and  in  a  few  months  he  got  down  about  as  low  as  'twas  possible  for 
a  man  to  get.  He  was  in  one  of  the  gambling  saloons  one  even- 
ing in  company  with  two  or  three  others  who  were  about  as  low  and 
degraded  as  he  was,  sitting  at  a  table  engaged  in  their  usual  game 
of  poker,  when  ail  at  once  he  arose  to  his  feet  and  stood  attentively 
listening  to  the  music,  a  song  that  was  being  sung,  and  played  on  a 
violin,  at  the  other  end  of  the  room.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  song 
he  threw  his  cards  upon  the  floor,  and  said  that  he  had  played  his 
last  card  and  drank  his  last  drink,  for  that  song  that  John  Kelly  had 
just  sung  had  brought  him  to  his  senses,  for  'twas  the  last  piece  he 
heard  his  sister  sing  when  he  left  home  a  few  years  before. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA, 


3" 


312  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

"'And,  boys,'  said  he  '  from  this  time  forward  I  lead  a  different 
hfe.'*' 

It  was  remarked  by  another  that  this  same  John  Kelly  was  yet 
living,  he  believed. 

He  was  a  good   musician  as  well  as  singer,  and  in  early  days 
played  around  in  all  the  various  mining  camps. 

"Why,"  said  Jeff,  "I  have  known  miners  who  had  worked  hard  all 
day  to  tramp  several  miles  into  camp  through  mud  and  rain  to  hear 
Kelly  play  and  sing  some  favorite  song  that  their  sisters,  or  some 
other  fellow's  sister,  had  been  accustomed  to  sing  a  few  years  be- 
fore away  at  the  other  side  of  the  continent."' 

Some  one  asked  old  Pike  if  he  had  forgotten  the  song  entitled 
"Joe  Bowers"  that  he  used  to  sing  to  the  boys  in  Georgetown 
cafion  in  early  days.  He  replied  that  he  hadn't  sung  it  for  many 
long  years,  but  if  they  desired  to  hear  it  he  would  sing  it.  The 
desire  being  unanimous,  he  seated  himself  upon  the  table,  and  in  a 
clear  voice  sang  the  old  and  long-fargotten  ballad,  and  as  it  may 
be  new  to  many  and  will  recall  to  old-timers  the  scenes  and  inci- 
dents of  early  days,  I  give  the  words  for  their  benefit  : 

JOE    BOWERS. 

My  name  it  is  Joe  Bowers,  I've  got  a  brother  Ike  ; 
I  came  from  old  Missouri,  yes,  all  the  way  from  Pike. 
I'll  tell  you  why  I  left  thar,  and  how  I  came  to  roam, 
And  leave  my  poor  old  mammy  so  fur  away  from  home. 

I  used  to  court  a  girl  thar,  her  name  was  Sally  Black, 
I  axed  her  if  she'd  marry  me,  she  said  it  was  a  whack  ; 
But  then  says  she,  "  Joe  Bowers,  before  we  hitch  for  life, 
You  ought  to  git  a  little  home  to  keep  yer  little  wife." 

Oh,  Sally,  dearest  Sally  !  oh,  Sally,  f^r  your  sake, 

I'll  go  to  California  and  try  to  raise  a  stake. 

Says  she  to  me,  "  Joe  Bowers,  you  are  the  man  to  win. 

Here's  a  kiss  to  bind  the  bargain,"  and  she  hove  a  dozen  in. 

When  I  got  to  that  country  I  hadn't  "  nary  red," 
1  had  such  woolfish  feelings  I  almost  wished  I  was  dead  ; 
But  the  thoughts  of  my  dear  Sally  soon  made  them  git, 
And  whispered  hopes  to  Bowers — I  wish  I  had  'em  yit. 


THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  313 

Right  soon  I  went  to  minin',  put  in  my  biggest  licks, 
Came  down  upon  tlie  boulders  jest  like  a  thousand  o'  bricks. 
I  worked  both  late  and  early,  in  sun,  in  rain,  in  snow, 
I  was  workin'  for  my  Sally — 'twas  all  the  same  to  Joe. 

Bime  by  I  got  a  letter  from  my  dear  brother  Ike  ; 

It  came  from  old  Missouri — all  the  way  from  Pike  ; 

I  brought  to  me  the  derndest  news  that  ever  you  did  hear — 

My  heart  is  almost  burstin',  so  pray  excuse  this  tear. 

It  said  Sal  was  false  to  me,  her  love  for  me  had  fled. 
She'd  got  married  to  a  butcher  ;  the  butcher's  head  was  red, 
And  more  than  than,  the  letter  said — it  almost  makes  me  swar — 
That  Sally  had  a  baby,  and  the  baby  had  red  har. 

So  now  I've  told  you  all  about  this  very  sad  affair, 
'Bout  Sally  marryin'  a  butcher,  a  butcher  with  red  har  ; 
But  whether  it  'taws  a  boy  or  a  gal  child,  the  letfer  never  said, 
It  only  said  the  baby's  har  was  "inclined  to  be  red." 


Some  years  have  passed  since  Bowers  told  his  very  plaintive  tale  ; 
Time  smoothed  his  grief,  revived  his  hopes,  his  courage  did  not  fail ; 
He  worked  along  as  best  he  could,  and  his  dear  brother  Ike 
Kept  Joseph  pretty  well  posted  on  matters  back  ui  Pike. 

Smallpox  it  knocked  the  butcher  out,  and  Joe  he  wandered  home  ; 
He  "  played  for  even  "  with  success,  and  cares  no  more  to  roam  ; 
Joe  married  Sally  and  the  shop,  he  soothed  her  loving  heart, 
And  now  he  has  her  red-haired  son  to  drive  the  butcher  cart. 

"Oh,  by  the  way,  Jeff,"  asked  one  of  the  boys,  "did  you  visit 
Pioneer  Hall  when  you  was  down  to  the  Bay  ?  " 

"Yes,  indeed,  I  did,"  answered  Jeff,  "  and  an  acquaintance  of 
mine  handed  in  my  name  for  admission  as  a  member  of  the  so- 
ciety." 

"  They  say  'tis  a  fine  building,  Jeff." 

"  Yes,  it  is,  and  it  is  the  headquarters  for  the  old  boys  to  meet 
and  talk  over  old  times." 

"  Well,  are  there  many  old  miners  among  them  ?  "  asks  another. 

"  No,  I  don't  think  there  are,  boys.     I  saw  a  great  many  of  the 


314  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF    CALIFORMA. 

old  pioneers  around,  but  none  of  them  looked  as  though  they  ever 
roughed  it  much  in  the  mines." 

"Oh,  well,"  said  Jersey,  "  living  down  there  you  know,  sport- 
ing store  clothes  and  such  things,  of  course,  would  make  the  old 
miners  appear  more  like  gentlemen,  you  know,  in  a  little  while." 

"  Oh,  yes,"  remarked  Pike,  "  and  maybe  when  we  go  down  thar, 
boys,  and  put  on  ther  biled  shirt  and  tother  fixins,  why  they'll  take 
us  for  gentlemen,  too.     You  bet  they  will." 

"One  sight  I  saw  there,"  remarked  Jeff,  "which  astonished 
me  very  much,  was  the  children  of  the  pioneers.  They  held  a  fan- 
dango there  in  the  hall  upon  the  evening  of  admission  day,  and 
from  curiosity  I  just  dropped  in  for  a  few  minutes  to  see  the  little 
folks  enjoy  themselves.  Children  !  well,  boys,  you  would  be  as- 
tonished to  see  them,  for  instead  of  a  lot  of  little  children,  as  I  ex- 
pected to  see,  why  the  most  of  them  were  men  and  women  and 
married,  too,  many  of  them  ;  just  think  of  it,  for  it  is  only  a  short 
time  ago,  apparently,  that  we  all  landed  here  as  mere  boys.  It 
shows  how  old  Father  Time  is  hustling  us  along,  whilst  we  are 
tramping  about  among  the  hills,  thinking  all  the  time  that  we  are 
just  keeping  a  little  ahead  of  him.     But,  boys,  we  ain't  though. 

"As  soon  as  I  laid  my  eyes  on  that  crowd  of  young,  second- 
crop  Forty-niners,  says  I,  '  Jeff,  old  Time  is  close  after  you,'  and  I 
have  felt  ever  since  just  like  one  of  them  ancient  fossils  that  they 
have  in  the  museums." 

One  of  the  boys  enquired  if  he  saw  many  of  the  boys  down  there 
whom  we  used  to  know  around  in  the  mines. 

"  Well,"  he  answered,  "I  reckon  I  did.  Why,  San  Francisco  is 
chock  full  of  'em." 

"What  are  they  doing  ? "  "Well,  now,  I  couldn't  answer  that  ques- 
tion. Some  of  them  are  doing  one  thing  and  some  another,  and  do- 
ing all  kinds  of  things  and  odd  jobs  to  make  a  livin';  but  I  tell  you 
'tis  hard  work  for  some  of  'em.  You  know  how  we  often  wondered 
what  had  become  of  lots  of  them  chaps  that  we  mined  with  up  in 
old  Hangtown,  Forest  Hill,  and  other  diggin's.  Well,  there  they 
all  are,  or  the  most  of  them.  When  the  mines  give  out,  or  they  got 
tired  of  prospecting,  they  just  put  for  the  big  city  to  strike  a  job  of 
some  kind,  and  I  tell  you,  I  kinder  pitied  some  of  'em.  They 
have  such  a  woebegone  and  old-fashioned,  one-hundred-years-ago 
kind  of  look  about  'em,  hanging  round  the  wharves,  anywhere,  look- 


THE   ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


315 


ing  for  a  job.  I  tried  to  get  some  of  'em  to  come  along  up  here 
with  me,  and  offered  to  pay  their  expenses  up.  Told  'em  there  was 
lots  of  places  where  they  could  pan  out  or  cradle  a  first-rate  livin', 
and  told  'em,  too,  how  they  could  jest  fence  in  a  few  acres  of 
ground,  set  out  some  fruit  trees,  make  a  good  garden,  and  live  like 
lords.  But  they  reckoned  'twas  too  far  off  and  they  couldn't  get 
back  to  spend  their  evenings  in  town  with  the  boys." 


JEFF   IN   THE    HALL, 


CHAPTER   XXII. 


Pioneer  Hall — Old  Mike  Explains — Something  Wrong — -The 
Business  Of  Mining — Mike's  Philosophy — Yank  at  the  Bay 
— The  Expressman  and  the  Broom  Peddler — Lucky  Bill  and 
THE  Gamblers — Sam  Plunket,  the  Arkansas  Beauty — Pete, 
the  Boss  Liar  of  the  Yuba. 

MANY  questions  were  asked  in  relation  to  the  new  Pioneer  hall. 
Jeff  explained  that  it  was  on  Fourth  street  near  the  corner  of 
Market;  that  it  contained  a  large  hall,  used  for  meetings,  lectures, 
festivals  and  other  purposes,  as  well  as  for  dancing  by  the  young 
Pioneers.  "  I  attended  one  of  their  dances  and  I  noticed  that  some 
of  the  old  boys  themselves  could  just  get  around  as  lively  as  any 
of  'em. 

"Then  there  is  the  ladies' parlor,  which  is  grand  I  tell  you,  with 
its  velvet  sofas,  divanzes  and  everything.  There  ain't  nothing 
around  here  in  the  mines  that  can  compare  with  it.  Then  up-stairs 
is  a  fine  billiard  room,  where  I  saw  some  of  the  old  boys  amusing 
themselves,  and  I  noticed  that  the  most  of  'em  who  played,  were 
sure  to  get  left  every  time,  jest  as  many  of  us  used  to  in  mining^ 
'Tis  the  same  old  game,  clear  through.  (You  bet  'tis,  was  the 
general  response.)  There  is  also  a  big  smoking-room,  and  here 
were  a  number  of  the  old  boys  amusing  themselves  by  playing 
checkers,  dominoes  and  cards,  and  they  all  looked  a  kinder  happy 
and  contended,  with  a  sort  of  a  '  well,  now  we  have  struck  it '  kind 
of  a  look  about  'em.  Oh,  by  the  way,  there  was  a  large  reading- 
room,  too,  containing  several  long  tables  which  were  all  covered 
with  books  and  newspapers.  And  there  were  a  number  of  old  boys 
sitting  around  in  just  the  biggest  kind  of  rocking  chairs  that  you 
ever  did  see.  Some  were  reading,  and  some  were  asleep  and  just 
dreaming  about  their  old  mining  days."  Some  one  asked  how  many 
of  the  b(jys  were  there  now  in  the  society,  who  were  living,  and  how 
many  had  joined  since  its  organization  in  '50  ? 
316 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


3i8       ■  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALII^ORA'IA. 

He  explained  that  Mr.  Graves,  the  Secretar}',  informed  him  that 
the  whole  number  who  had  joined  the  society  was  about  3,350,  and 
of  this  number  there  were  now  living  about  1,300. 

"  Well,  Jeff,  did  you  make  out  to  find  the  old  ship  once  more 
that  brought  you  to  California  ?  " 

"No,  boys,  but  I  found  the  great  building  that  was  built  over  her 
hull  on  Sansome  street,  but  the  hull  of  the  old  ship  is  buried  deep 
below  the  mud  and  water  out  of  sight  entirely,  and  all  that  remains 
now  of  the  old  ship  is  the  name,  the  'Niantic.'" 

After  Jeff  had  concluded,  an  old-timer  remarked  that  it  was  a 
great  pleasure  to  him  to  hear  that  so  many  of  the  old-timers  were 
yet  living,  and  said  he. 

"  I  wish  there  was  some  way  of  finding  out  how  many  of  the  old- 
timers  are  yet  living,  and  what  part  of  the  world  they  are  in." 

"Faith  thin,"  replied  Mike,  "  indade  an'  'twud  be  er  foine 
thing  if  we  wer  afther  knowin'  thet  same.  An'  if  we  wer  afther 
knowin'  of  ther  b'ys  who  are  above  the  ground  atther  prisint  toime> 
thet  we  sailed  with  around  ther  Horn  so  many  long  years  since,  an' 
indade,  if  we  could  only  be  afther  mateing  with  some  of  thim,  an 
talk  ov  ther  ould  times  and  incidints  av  ther  voyage,  an'  ov  ther 
lives  ovthim  since  we  landed  upon  ther  coast,  do  yezmoind,  pwhat 
tales  we  could  be  afther  relatin'  to  aich  other,  ov  evints  an'  incid- 
ints av  a  California  loife. 

"  Pwhat  a  foine  thing  'twould  be,  now,  if  some  one  wud  jest  be 
afther  gittin'  ther  names  ov  ther  b'ys  who  are  now  livin'.  'Twould 
be  a  hape  ov  trouble  an'  ixpensive,  too,  but  bedad  thin,  twould  be 
interestin'  to  all  ov  us.  Now,  Yank,  yez  had  better  undertake  ther 
job  ov  gittin'  ther  names  of  thim  for  yez  own  satisfaction." 

Yank  remarked  that  he  had  been  thinking  of  doing  so,  and  as 
soon  as  he  had  an  opportunity  he  would  see  what  could  be  done. 

]\Iike  again  remarked  ; 

"Well  now,  me  b'ys,  'tis  many  long  years  since  ther  news  was 
afther  bein  sint  across  ther  continint  that  ther  was  jest  slathers  av 
gould  lyin'  around  loose  here,  an'  aisy  to  git,  do  yez  moind,  an'  in- 
dade thin  thet's  jest  what  brought  us  here  too,  the  lot  av  us.  An' 
pwhat  a  change,  begorra,  has  been  afther  takin'  place  since  we 
landed  upon  the  shores  of  California,  for  'twas  thin  a  wilderness,  an' 
the  Indians,  the  grizzlies  an'  a  variety  ov  other  strange  animiles, 
were  monarchs  ov  all  they  surveyed,  thin,  with  not  a  blessed  wan  to 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  319 

dispute  ther  title,  do  yez  moind.  But  ther  discovery  ov  gold 
changed  all  this,  do  yez  see?  Fur  now,  where  we  was  afther  findin' 
a  wilderness  thin,  we  see  a  number  ov  towns  an'  cities,  an'  in  the 
short  space  ov  toime  ov  forty  years  we  now  are  afther  obsarvin'  an 
empoire  containin'  a  million  ov  paple  or  more,  begorra.  Dooiin' 
that  space  ov  toime,  too,  there  has  been  taken  from  our  gould 
moines  an  amount  excadin'  a  billion  and  a  half  dollars,  which  has 
been  scattered  about  among  ther  paple  of  ther  country,  do  yez 
moind.  Indade,  thin,  'tis  thrue  enough,  be  jabers,  that  ther  b'ys 
who  was  afther  diggin'  it  from  ther  sile,  recaived  a  moity  small 
share  ov  the  same  for  ther  labor  ov  diggin'  it  from  the  hills  an' 
mountains  about,  for  it  saimedthe  whole  toime  to  obsarve  the  same 
law  as  runnin' wather,  do  yez  moind;  an'  as  fast  as  'twas  afther  be- 
in'  taken  from  the  earth,  it  run  in  a  containious  straim  down  to  ther 
big  cities  below,  an'  divil  a  bit  could  we  be  afther  stoppin'  it,  at  all, 
at  all." 

Another  old-timer  remarked  that  although  the  boys  who  dug 
out  the  gold  retained  but  a  small  proportion  of  it,  yet  the  whole 
country  in  general  received  the  full  benefit  of  it. 

"Yis,"  Mike  replied,  "thrue  enough  that  same  was  the  case, 
an'  do  yez  call  to  moind,  thin,  ther  wise  spaich  in  ther  Bible  where  it 
says  that  to  him  who  hath  much  more  will  be  afther  being  given  to 
that  same,  and  to  him  that  hath  nothin'  at  all,  at  all,  they  will  be 
afther  deproivin'  him  av  the  same  troifling  quantity,  begorra.  Well, 
me  b'ys,  that's  jest  the  style  av  it,  for 'tis  a  law  av  money  now,  do 
yez  obsarve,  that,  'twill  be  afther  continually  concintratin'  into  the 
hands  avthe  b'ys  who  have  got  the  most  av  it,  do  yez  see  ?  An',  in 
me  own  opinion,  'tis  jest  as  well,  for  they  are  the  b'ys  ginerally  who 
know  how  to  use  it  for  the  benefit  av  the  rest  av  us,  do  yez 
moind.  For  didn't  Mr.  Lick,  thin,  use  his  money  in  a  dacint  man- 
ner for  the  benefit  av  all  the  b'ys  ?  An'  didn't  he  give  thim  a  foine 
Hall  down  at  the  big  city  below,  where  they  can  howld  their  matins' 
to  talk  about  ould-timers,  rade  ther  papers,  an'  enj'y  a  quiet  nap, 
begorra  !  and  indade,  thin,  did  not  the  same  ould  gintleman  spind 
his  money  frayly  in  erectin'  an  obsarvatory  with  a  big  tilliscope,  do 
yez  moind,  to  sarchther  hivens  with,  expictin'  thewhoile  to  discover 
in  some  av  ther  planets  above  anither  rich  moining  counthry  where 
yez  can  be  afther  emigratin'  to  whin  yez  have  wuorked  out  this 
wan  ?  An',  indade,  thin,  wasn't  it  another  wan  av  ther  b'ys  who  gath- 


320  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

ered  up  more  than  his  share  afther  spindin'  his  kine  fraly  in  the 
buildin'  av  an  ixtinsive  univarsity,  to  give  our  children  a  bit  av  larn- 
in'  av  a  louder  style,  begorra?  Yis,  indade  thin,  the  construction 
av  foine  buildin's,  av  big  warehouses,  ther  monstrous  staim  ships, 
ther  great  manufactories,  and  ther  railroads  all  over  the  counthry, 
as  well  as  ther  extinsive  canals  and  ditches,  constructed  to  give 
wather  to  ther  barren  places  in  ther  counthry,  begorra,  is  in  me  own 
opinion  an  evidince  that  a  fair  portion  ov  the  gould,  at  laist,  that  we 
b'ys  helped  to  dig  from  the  river  beds  an'  mountains  in  ther  moinin' 
ragion  has  collected  into  ther  hands  ov  the  b'ys  who  are  jest  afther 
knowin'  how  to  use  ther  same  for  the  binefit  ov  all,  do  yez 
moind." 

Another  old  miner  declared  that  there  was  something  wrong 
about  it ;  that  he  couldn't  understand  at  all  why  so  many  of  the 
miners  who  dug  so  many  millions  of  gold  from  Ihe  earth  should  all 
be  so  poor  now,  and  he  believed  'twas  owing  to  the  greed  and  sel- 
fishness of  the  business  classes.  They  took  all  the  ailvantage  to 
rob  the  miners  of  their  well-earned  share  of  the  gold. 

"  No,  not  at  all/'  said  Mike  ;  "that,  indade,  is  not  the  raison, 
but  'tis  all  owin'  to  ther  nater  ov  the  moinin'  industry,  an'  that  I'll 
be  afther  ixplainin',  thin.  Do  yez  obsarve  the  difference  now  be- 
twain  the  business  ov  mining  an'  all  other  koinds  ;  for,  indade  thin, 
has  not  the  moiner  got  his  rich  mom  in  ther  beginnin',  whilst  in  all 
other  koinds  it  requoires  long  years  to  wurruk  for  it.  As  a  man 
puts  in  his  toime  and  his  money  in  any  business,  sure  thin  is  it  not 
incrasin'  in  vally  continually  ?  An'  so  it  is  with  the  lawyer,  the  doc- 
tor an'  with  the  mechanic  too,  now,  do  yez  moind.  Wan  ov  the 
b'ys  takes  up  a  pace  ov  land  ;  spends  his  toime  an'  money  in  im- 
provin'  that  same,  and,  begorra,  the  longer  he  works  upon  it,  thin, 
the  more  valuable  it  is  afther  grovvin'  the  whoile  ;  but  divil  a  bit  is 
the  rich  moine  growin'  in  vally  at  all,  at  all.  But  do  yez  moind, 
thin,  the  longer  yez  are  afther  wurrukin'  it  thin  the  poorer  'tis  grow- 
in',  an'  when  'tis  wurruked  out,  devil  a  cint  can  many  of  yez  show 
for  the  toime  an'  labor  yes  have  spint  upon  the  same." 

Another  one  remarked,  "Well,  'tis  true  enough,  as  you  say,  that 
the  gold  we  dig  out  flows  into  the  big  cities  into  the  hands  of  a  few 
wealthy  men,  and  'tis  for  that  reason  that  the  rich  are  getting  richer 
whilst  the  poor  are  gittm'  poorer." 

"Well,"    says   Mike,   "now  yez  are  afther  encrouching  upon  a 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


321 


question  in  political  economy  that  we  ould  miners  are  hardly  com- 
pctintto  dale  with,  begorra.  But  in  me  own  opinion  "tis  not  thrue 
as  yez  have  stated,  that  the  rich  are  afther  gittin'  richer,  whoile  the 
poor  are  gittin'  poorer,  at  all,  at  all.  It  only  saims  to  be  the  case, 
but  not  so  in  fact,  as  oi  will  explain  to  yez.  'Tis  thrue  enough,  that 
•  in  consequmce  ov  the  large  quantity  ov  gould  yez  b'ys  have  dug 
from  ther  hills  above  an'  thrown  in  circulation,  the  facilities  ov 
scrapin'  large  quantities  ov  it  in  a  hape  by  a  few  ov  the  b'ys  in  the 
big  cities  was  an  aisy  job,  an'  by  use  ov  the  same,  in  a  few  years 
they  were  very  rich  men.  An'  if  all  the  b'ys  who  were  fortunate 
enough  to  do  that  same  could  continue  to  live  in  the  same  manner, 
and  ther  children  afther  thim,  to  inherit  such  conditions  ov  great 
wealth,  why,  then,  'twould  be  thrue  as  yez  hav  sthated.  But  divil  a 
bit  is  that  the  case.     But  why  not,  are  yez  asking  ? 

"  Well,  thin,  jist  be  afther  lookin'  back  for  a  few  years  an'  callin' 
to  yez  recollection  ther  b'ys  who  were  wealthy  thin,  and  where  do 
yez  foind  thim  or  ther  descindents  now  ?  An',  indade,  thin,  couldn't 
yez  spake  ov  many  ov  the  b'ys  who  were  ther  poorest  ov  the  lot  a 
few  years  ago,  an'  are  now  the  richest  ov  thim  ?  An'  don't  that  prove 
to  yez  that  changes  are  afther  takin'  place  containualy  ?  The  poor 
ov  to-day  may  be  the  wealthy  b'ys  ov  next  wake,  an'  the  sons  ov  the 
b'ys  who  are  now  rejicin'  over  ther  good  fortunes  may  be  the  b'ys 
who'll  hav  the  hard  wurruk  to  do  in  ther  future,  do  yez  moind.  An', 
agin,  me  b'ys,  as  obsarvation  shows  us,  more  than  noine-tinths  ov 
the  wealthy  b'ys  to-day  were  poor,  or  the  sons  ov  poor  wurrukin'  min 
wanst,  which  is  an  ividince  that  the  opportunities  for  scrapin'  togither 
a  hape  ov  wealth  is  not  confoined  to  any  won  class  ov  min,  at  all,  at 
all ;  but  ivery  divil  a  won  ov  yez  has  an  aiqual  opportunity  wid 
all  if  yez  only  go  ther  right  way  to  wurruk  to  git  it,  be  jabers. 

"  Now,  these  changes  prove  that  altho'  at  wan  pariod  in  the  lives 
ov  the  wealthy  b'ys  they  do  increase  in  wealth,  but  yez'll  foind 
in  toime  that  noine-tinths  ov  thim  grow  poorer  as  they  grow  older, 
which  is  not  the  case  with  the  whiskey  yez  are  afther  drinking, 
thin,  for  that  is  improvin'  the  whoile.  And  yez'll  be  after  observin', 
too,  that  ther  ranks  ov  the  wealthy  b'ys  are  bein'  containualy  re- 
cruited from  the  ranks  ov  the  workin'  min  ov  the  counthry,  be 
jabers.  'Tis  for  these  raisons,  me  b'ys,  acquoired  by  long  exparience 
an'  observation,  that  divil  a  bit  are  ther  rich  gitting  richer  or  ther 
poor  poorer,  at  all,  at  all.     Oh,  yis,  'tis  thrue  enough  thet  it  saims 


322  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF    CALIFORNIA. 

to  be  the  case  that  the  gould  ov  the  counthry  is  being  gobbled  up 
by  a  few  ov  the  b"ys,  but  divil  a  bit  is  it  thrue  in  fact,  for  to  make 
money  yez  must  use  the  saime,  an'  for  that  raison  'tis  ividint  that 
the  circulation  ov  money  is  constant  an'  aiqual,  an'  all  ov  yez  hav 
aiqual  opportunities  for  usin'  that  saime,  begorra  !  " 

Mike  was  now  asked  if  he  didn't  think  that  it  would  be  better 
for  the  country  in  general,  or  for  the  working  classes  in  particular, 
if  this  co-operative  plan  that  we  have  heard  so  much  about  lately 
should  be  adopted : 
Mike  answered  : 

"  No,  indade,  thin,  it  would  not,  and  for  the  raisins,  me  b'ys, 
that  if  yez  will  only  investigate  ther  incentives — that  is  the  ground 
wurruk  ov  all  human  action — yez  will  be  afther  foindin'  that  all  de- 
pinds  upon  our  future   ixpictations.     Now,  me  by's,  what  is  it  that 
kape  ther  lot  ov  yez    er  thrampin'  around  among  ther  hills  and  the 
mountains  from  Arizoni  to  Alasky,  thin,  but  ther  containual  ixj)ic- 
tation  of  sthrikin'  er  rich  mine  ?     An',  indade,  thin,  is  it  not  thrue 
ov  all  other  human  affairs,  begorra  ?     What,  thin,  me  b'ys,  becomes 
ov  all  ixpictations  when   yez  hav  all  jined  with   the  co-operative 
union,  be  jabers?     Indade,  thin,  yez  can  hav  none  at  all,  for  yez 
are  all   shure  of  a  livin'   an'   nothin'  more  to  ixpict,  an'  all  ov  yez 
are  livin'  upon  an  aquality.     Yis,  indade,  thin,  jist  ask  the  workin' 
min  ov  the  counthry  if  they  wud  be   contint  to  live  in  such  a  style, 
whin  they  wud  all  be  afther  bein'  shure  ov  er  livin',  shure  enough,  but 
wid  no  ixpictations  that  aither  thimselves  or  ther  children  wud  iver 
be  inythin'  higher  than   workin'  min.     An',   be  jabers,  thin,  they 
wud  be  afther  sayin'  to  yez:  'Give  us  poverty,  thin, an' hard  wurruk, 
but  divil  a  bit  shall  yez  be  afther  deprivin'  us  ov  ther  containual 
ixpictations  we  hav  that  our  b'ys  may  be  in  ther  future  able  to  live 
like  gintlemin  widout  ther  necessity  ov  labor,  at  all,  at  all'     An', 
faith,  thin,  do  yez  moind  ther  lad  who  was  afther  robbin'  ther  melon 
patch,  but  accidentilly  got  among  ther  punkins,  an'  whin  tould  thet 
the  owner  ov  ther  melons  wud  give  him  all  he  wanted  for  the  askin', 
said  he  :     '  Indade,  thin,  its  meself,  thin,  who  had  rather  ait  a  grane 
punkin  that  I  could  stale  than  to  ate  a  foine  melon  presented  to 
me.' 

"  Tis  thrue  enough,"  continued  Mike,  "  that  the  poor  saims  to  be 
continually  incrasing  in  numbers  in  all  ther  large  cities  ov  ther 
country,  begorra!  but  ther  raisons  fur  this  are  that  the  inducements 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.'  323 

are  greater  there,  an'  to  the  minds  ov  the  b'ys  the  prospects  ov 
gittin'  money  much  quicker  an'  aisier  saim  more  encouraging  to  thim, 
do  yez  moind;  but  in  me  own  opinion  'twould  be  better  for  ther 
most  ov  thim  to  come  out  into  ther  counthry  an'  try  to  make  an 
honest  Hving  from  ther  sile;  that  would  aqualize  ther  labor  ov  ther 
counthry,  begorra,  an'  tind  to  solve  ther  labor  problem,  begob!" 

Mike  was  now  asked  the  question,  what  method  could  be  adopt- 
ed that  would  have  the  effect  to  bring  all  classes  more  upon  an 
equality?  "None  at  all,"  Mike  answered,  "Divil  a  bit  is  it  necessary 
to  do  that  saim  for  I  tell  yez,  me  b'ys,  that  poverty,  which  saims  to 
the  most  ov  yez  to  be  a  curse  put  upon  man  for  his  sins,  is  in  fact 
ther  base  an'  foundation  ovall  human  enterprise,  industry,  and  pros- 
perity; now  was  it  not  poverty,  with  a  desire  to  escape  from  it,  that 
brought  thousands  ov  yez  old  pioneers  here  to  dig  an'  thramp 
about  among  ther  mountains  for  gould?  indade,  thin,  it  was,  for  if 
yez  hadn't  been  poor,  divil  a  bit  would  one  ov  yez  come  at  all,  at 
all.  An'  indade,  thin,  was  it  not  in  consequence  ov  this  same  poverty 
(that  many  ov  the  b'ys  all  over  ther  counthry  are  howling  and  curs- 
\\\g  about,)  that  has  been  ther  mains  ov  ilivating  ther  whole  coun- 
thry to  such  high  conditions  ov  development,  shure,  and  it  is  thin, 
an'  ther  prosperous  condition  ov  ther  counthry  to  day  with  its  great 
commarcial  enterprises,  its  railroads  runnin'  in  all  directions  from 
ther  Atlantic  to  ther  Pacific  Oceans,  an'  with  its  mariads  ov  grow- 
ing towns  and  cities  springing  into  existence  among  ther  desert 
places,  where  but  a  few  years  smce  was  a  vast  wilderness  occupied 
only  by  ther  buffalo  droves,  and  savage  Indians;  all  ov  these  won- 
derful changes,  me  b'ys,  are  only  ther  effects  ov  poverty,  be  jabers. 
It  must  be  plain  to  yez,  thin,  that  poverty  is  a  necessity,  an'  ther 
incintive  to  escape  from  it  is  ther  bottom  of  ther  whole  business, 
begorra!" 

"Yes,  that  may  all  be  very  true"  remarked  another,  "but  when  we 
take  a  view  of  life  around  us  and  witness  the  great  amount  of  misery 
and  suffering  in  all  of  our  large  cities,  while  a  great  portion  of  the 
more  fortunate  are  rolling  in  wealth,  don't  you  think  that  it  would 
be  just  and  right  to  adopt  some  policy  that  would  prevent  such  ex- 
treme conditions  of  great  wealth  of  a  few  and  the  poverty  of  the 
many?" 

"Faith  thin"  says  Mike  "an'  'tis  this  same  idea  upon  which  is 
founded  all  ov  thim  isms  that  are  after  creating  so  much  excitement 


324  ^THE  ARGONAUTS  OF    CALIFORNIA. 

among  ther  workingmen  ov  ther  counthr\',  begorra;  it  makes  thim 
disconnnted  with  their  conditions  for  ther  raisons  that  ther  laiders 
ov  sociahsm,  ov  Georgeism,  anti-povertyism,  nationahsm  an'  ther 
rest  ov  thim,  are  all  the  toime  taiching  the  b'ys  that  ther  only  rai- 
sons why  they  are  so  poor  is  because  others  ov  thim  are  so  wealthy, 
begorra,  and  if  their  ideas  in  relation  to  human  affairs  can  only  be 
carried  out  by  previnting  them  b'ys  from  incraising  their  wealth 
who  are,  owing  to  their  good  habits  and  suparior  abiUties,  the  best 
able  to  do  so,  be  jabers,  will  in  their  opinion  give  ther  poor  b'ys  a 
better  opportunity  to  incraise  their  wealth  whether  they  are  capable 
ov  doing  so  or  not;  now,  me  b'ys,  is  this  a  raisonable  view  ov  the  sit- 
uation, for  aint  you  b'ys  who  are  jest  afther  putting  in  your  toime 
thramping  'round  among  the  mountains  for  a  rich  mine,  begorra, 
more  loikely  to  foind  it  than  ther  b'ys  who  are  all  ther  whoile  con- 
tint  to  hang  around  in  the  cities,  thin,  huntm'  for  an  aisy  job,  and 
who  are  containually  howHng  foryez  to  prisint  thim  with  an  interest 
in  yez  mine,  be  jabers.  Yis,  m'  b'ys,  observation  is  afther  taichin' 
us  ther  fact  that  as  a  gineral  rule  thim  b'ys  who  are  mdustrious  thin, 
an'  who  are  afther  acquiring  good  habits  only,  are  ther  b'ys  who 
are  prosperous  and,  faith  thin,  in  me  own  opinion  they  desarve  it, 
too. 

"Now  for  these  raisons,  me  b'ys,  it  is  in  me  own  opinion  all  darmed 
nonsinse  to  talk  about  anti-poverty  an'  an  aiquality  of  conditions, 
for  we  don't  want  thim  at  all,  at  all." 

Yank  next  related  his  experience  at  the  Bay.  When  he  was 
down  last  spring  an  acquaintance  persuaded  him  to  attend  a  re- 
union of  the  Old  Hangtown  residents,  or  rather  the  old-timers  of 
Eldorado  County.  Yank  explained  that  the  residents  of  Tuolumne, 
Nevada  and  Eldorado  Counties  hold  what  they  call  a  reunion  every 
year,  generally  about  May  i.  They  have  them  in  Oakland  at 
one  of  the  numerous  parks;  generally;  but  sometimes  at  other 
localities.  He  said  that  the  one  he  attended  was  in  Badger's  Park, 
and  there  were  as  many  as  1,500  people  there.  But  among  all  that 
crowd  there  was  only  one  old  Forty-niner  whom  he  knew  before, 
although  it  was  said  that  there  were  several  others  around  on  the 
ground  somewhere. 

"  I  tell  you  "  said  he,  "  there  were  lots  of  people  there  whom  I 
used  to  know  around  old  Hangtown  in  '51  and  '52,  and  they  all 
seemed  kind  of  glad  to  meet  one  another.     Then  there  was  a  whole 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


32s 


^_,j.3*,^-^^. 


'v  ^     1   ■ 


k^"   ^,>-^\  tA{     \\^ f-z>-' 


)j/f  i  1^/^ 


326  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

regiment  of  youngsters  and  girls  dancing  in  the  hall,  but  they  were 
all  babies  when  I  left  the  diggings,  so  I  didn't  know  a  single  one  of 
them.  They  hold  these  meetings  down  there  every  year,  and,  boys, 
blamed  if  I  won't  try  and  go  down  every  time  if  I  can  make  a  raise, 
for  I  tell  you  it  sets  a  fellow  up  again  to  meet  all  of  these  old-timers, 
and  to  have  a  chat  about  old  times. 

"I  came  across  an  old  acquaintance  very  unexpectedly  down 
there  whom  I  thought  was  dead,  and  by  consent  of  my  old  pard, 
Tennessee,  I'll  tell  the  whole  story.  You  remember,  boys,  that  in  '52 
an  old  miner  in  Shasta  County  discovered  somewhere  in  the  moun- 
tains a  very  rich  canon  ;  he  was  afterwards  killed  by  the  Indians. 
Many  expeditions  went  in  search  of  the  lost  canon  but  none  could 
ever  find  it.  In  the  spring  of  '54  a  company,  consisting  of  Tennes- 
see, five  others,  and  myself,  concluded  to  go  in  search  of  it,  but,  un- 
fortunately, we  started  a  little  too  early  in  the  spring,  for  on  the 
fourth  day  out  there  came  on  a  terrible  cold  snow-storm,  and  of 
course  we  started  home  agam.  We  got  lost  and  wandered  about 
for  three  or  four  days,  not  knowing  what  course  to  take,  and,  worse 
than  all,  we  were  nearly  out  of  provisions.  There  was  a  young 
Swede  with  us.  He  was  a  sailor  chap  who  had  come  from  San 
Francisco  to  try  his  fortune  in  mining,  and,  being  anxious  to  go 
with  us,  we  had  brought  him  along.  He  was  a  smart,  good-natured 
boy,  and  we  all  thought  a  heap  of  him.  Well,  in  the  evening,  we 
were  all  lounging  around  the  fire,  talking  over  the  situation,  when 
one  of  the  boys,  just  for  sport,  proposed  that  we  now  right  there  and 
then  cast  lots  to  see  which  one  of  us  must  be  cut  up  to  save  the 
lives  of  the  rest,  as  we  only  had  grub  enough  to  last  about  one  day 
longer.  Of  course  the  boy  was  elected,  as  we  intended,  just  to  see 
if  'twould  scare  him  any;  but  he  didn't  seem  to  mind  it  at  all,  for 
he  laughed  and  joked  about  it,  when  we  had  all  decided  to  have 
him  for  breakfast  in  the  morning. 

"  The  sun  rose  clear  the  next  morning,  but  we  were  astonished 
to  find  upon  getting  up  that  Pete,  the  sailor  boy,  had  vanished. 
He  had  become  frightened,  believing  that  we  were  in  earnest,  and 
had  started  off  alone  through  the  snowdrifts,  only  to  get  lost  and 
perhaps  destroyed  by  bears.  We  determined  to  find  him  if  t'was 
possible,  so  without  stopping  to  make  a  fire  we  ate  a  cold  breakfast 
and  were  soon  following  his  trail,  which  we  were  enabled  to  trace 
easily  for  about  twenty  miles  to  the  bottom  of  a  deep  cailon.  From 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  327 

that  point,  however,  all  traces  of  it  were  lost.  We  returned  home, 
determined  to  continue  the  search  as  soon  as  possible.  In  a  day 
or  two  we  procured  mules  and  searched  among  the  hills  and  cafions 
thoroughly  in  all  directions  for  several  days,  but  nothing  was  ever 
heard  of  him,  it  being  the  conclusion  of  all  that  he  had  been  de- 
stroyed by  a  grizzly,  which  were  very  numerous  at  that  time.  Well, 
I  came  across  an  old  mining  acquaintance  in  San  Francisco  who 
was  following  the  sea.  and  we  took  a  walk  down  among  the  vessels. 
We  were  lounging  along  down  one  of  the  wharves  and  I  saw  a  man 
on  board  of  a  small  coasting  schooner  whom  I  though  had  rather  a 
familiar  look  about  him.  My  acquaintance  said  that  he  didn't  know 
his  name,  but  that  he  was  the  owner  of  that  vessel.  I  told  my 
friend  that  I  was  going  to  see  him,  so  I  jumped  down  on  to  the 
deck  and  spoke  to  the  man,  asking  him  if  he  was  the  captain.  He 
answered  that  he  was,  and  he  wanted  to  know  if  I  was  looking  for 
a  job.  I  told  him  no,  but  that  I  had  a  great  curiosity  to  see  him,  as 
he  reminded  me  very  much  of  a  young  chap  I  once  knew  in  the 
mines.  He  asked  me  when.  Said  I  :  '  More  than  thirty  years  ago, 
up  in  Shasta  County.' 

"  'Well,'  said  he,  '  I  w'as  up  in  that  county  about  that  time  and 
got  out  of  there  as  quick  as  I  could,  as  some  of  the  old  miners 
were  talking  about  eating  me  up.' 

"  As  he  said  that  I  just  grabbed  hold  of  his  hand,  and  said  I : 

"'This  is  Pete,  the  sailor  boy,  isn't  it?' 

"  '  Yes,'  he  answered,  '  but  who  are  you  ? ' 

"'Don't  you  remember  Yank?'  I  asked;  'one  of  those  old 
miners  who  were  going  to  make  a  breakfast  off  of  you  ? ' 

"  Well,  boys,  he  did  remember  me  now,  you  bet. 

'•'Mine  gracious,  is  this  Yank  ?  Well  !  well  !  now  come  down 
into  mine  cabin.' 

"  After  we  had  both  recovered  a  little  from  our  astonishment, 
and  I  had  explained  how  we  had  hunted  for  him  for  several  days 
among  the  hills  and  cafions,  he  told  me  how  he  had  managed  to 
find  his  way  out  of  the  mountains,  after  remaining  up  in  a  tree  for 
more  than  two  days  to  get  away  from  a  big  grizzly  which  he  thought 
must  have  been  some  relation  to  us  old  miners,  some  way,  for  the 
brute  seemed  determined  to  eat  him  up,  anyhow. 

"  'But,'  said  he,  'the  bear  got  tired  and  hungry  waiting  for  me 
to  come  down   and   finally  went   away,  and  then  I  came   down  and 


328  THE  AKGONA  UTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

made  tracks  for  San  Francisco  pooty  quick,  anil  don't  want  to  go 
out  prospecting  any  more  at  alL'" 

Yank  continued  by  asking  if  any  of  them  remembered  the  chap 
they  called  "Razor  Bill." 

"Oh,  yis,"  Mike  answered,  "indade  I  remimber  him  well  whin 
he  wurruked  down  near  Angel's  camp,  an'  whin  he  wurruked  up  at 
Poverty  Point,  near  Hangtown,  an'  he  made  a  good  dale  ov  money 
too,  but,  begorra,  he  wasn't  the  b'y  to  save  it.  I  see  him  play 
cards  with  that  same  chap  they  called  '  Lucky  Bill,'  an'  he  lost  more 
than  $800  at  the  game." 

"  Well,"  said  Yank,  "  I  saw  him  at  the  Bay.  He  is  driving  an 
express  wagon,  and  says  that  he  is  doing  a  very  good  business.  He 
is  married  now,  and  has  five  or  six  children." 

Tennessee  remarked  that  any  man  who  played  the  game  of  seven 
up  with  "  Lucky  Bill"  was  sure  to  leave  his  dust  there,  for  he  was 
one  of  the  best  card-players  in  California. 

"  Do  you  remember  the  time  when  he  cleaned  out  them  chaps 
from  San  Francisco  ?"  resumed  Tennessee.  "  'Twas  in  August  of 
'50,  soon  after  his  arrival  in  Hangtown  from  the  East.  These  two 
chaps  had  heard  of  him,  and  that  he  had  plenty  of  money,  and  they 
came  up  to  clean  him  out.  His  house  was  crowded  that  evening 
by  the  boys  who  wanted  to  see  the  fun.  It  was  agreed  that  one  of 
these  'Frisco  chaps  should  play  ten  games,  and  then  if  luck  was 
against  him  he  should  have  the  privilege  of  quitting  the  game  if  he 
wished,  and  the  other  one  could  take  his  place  and  play  in  the  same 
manner.  They  brought  (as  was  said)  $11,000  with  them,  all  in  ^^o 
slugs,  which  was  piled  upon  the  table,  and  an  equal  sum  was  placed 
alongside  of  Bill.  Both  piles  were  decorated  in  the  usual  manner, 
with  a  big  revolver  placed  in  a  convenient  position  for  an  emer- 
gency. The  play  was  for  $1,000  a  game,  and  I  tell  you  'twas  inter- 
esting to  see  them  piles  of  slugs  travel  back  and  forth  in  a  rapid 
manner  from  one  side  of  the  table  to  the  other.  But  it  was  soon 
noticed  that  many  of  these  stacks  of  slugs  that  had  waltzed  across 
to  Lucky  Bill's  side  didn't  seem  to  be  inclined  to  waltz  back  again. 
The  consequence  was  that  at  the  end  of  two  hours  they  had  played 
thirty-one  games,  and  every  slug  was  under  the  protection  of  Bill's 
gun. 

"'Well,'  says  one  of  the  chaps,  'that  ends  our  game,  for  you 
have  got  it  all.' 


THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 


3-9 


"Bill  shoved  a  stack  of  slugs  over  to  Ihem,  remarking: 
'There,  boys,  take  that  to  pay  your  expenses.' 

"  '  No,  no;  not  a  cent,'  one  of  them  replied,  '  it  is  all  yours,  for 
you  have  played  a  straight,  square  game,  and  we  will  not  take  a 
dollar  of  it.'  " 

Some  one  enquired  of  Jersey  if  he  knew  what  ever  became  of 
Pete,  the  boss  liar  of  the  Yuba?  as  the  boys  called  him;  Jersey  re- 
plied that  he  was  killed  by  a  bear  up  in  Plumas  County  sometime  in 
'54.     Pete  and  two,  others  were  prospecting  in  a  ravine  one  day, 


"that's  ther,  ther  'tother  one." 

when  a  big  grizzly  came  upon  them  from  the  brush  ;  his  pardners 
got  away  by  climbing  up  a  steep  hill  and  went  for  assistance,  but 
Pete  had  been  caved  upon  a  short  time  before  and  couldn't  run,  so 
he  and  the  bear  had  the  whole  circus  to  themselves  for  a  while; 
they  rescued  him  but  'twas  too  late,  he  was  torn  all  to  pieces.  But 
he  was  true  to  his  colors  to  the  last,  for  after  they  had  taken  him  to 
his  cabin  to  die,  almost  his  last  words  were,  "well  boys,  I  got  away 
with  one  of  'em  any  how,  and  if  I'd  only  had  a  fair  show  I'd  'er 
cleaned  'em  both  out  "  but  when  told  that  there  was  but  one  bear 
there,  he  answered:  "  Oh,  yes,  ther  was,  for  didn't  yer  notice  lots  tr 
hair  and  bear's  grease  scattered  about  on  ther  rocks?  "  the  bovs  saiu 


330 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


they  did.  "  Well,"  says  Pete  with  his  dying  breath,  "  that's  ther,  ther 
tother  one." 

"  Ah!"  continued  Jersey,  "  but  Pete  was  a  fine  talker  and  his  per- 
suasive eloquence  was  almost  irresistible;  he  said  once  that  his 
father  was  a  life-insurance  agent  down  in  Connecticut,  and  that  he 
himself  had  inherited  a  faculty  for  the  business,  and  intended  to 
follow  it  when  he  returned  East." 

There  was  an  old  Irishman  living  on  the  bar  at  that  time  by  the 
name  of  Pat  Flynn.  Pete  was  in  his  cabin  one  Sunday  morning,  and 
Pat  wanted  to  trim  up  his  long  hair  with  a  large  pair  of  shears,  but 
couldn't  find  his  piece  of  looking-glass.  Pete  said  that  he  would 
go  and  get  his  own  for  him,  so  he  went  and  found  a  brick,  and  bet 


SAM  S    SHADOW    AND    THE    INDIANS, 

the  drinks  with  one  of  the  boys  that  he  would  convince  Pat  that  it 
was  a  looking-glass  and  that  he  would  use  it  to  cut  his  hair  with. 
Well,  it  was  hard  work,  and  it  took  a  good  deal  of  talking  to  con- 
vince Pat,  but  after  looking  it  all  over,  and  turning  it  in  his  hand, 
he  remarked,  "that  'twas  a  quare  glass  but,  be  jabers,  I'll  give  it  a 
thry,  any  how,"  and  he  did;  in  a  few  moments,  however,  he  come 
near  clipping  off  one  of  his  ears;  grabbing  the  brick  from  the  table, 
as  Pete  started  to  run  he  threw  it  at  him,  at  the  same  time  ex- 
claiming, "  Pete,  yez  arc  a  darmed  liar."  "  I  know  it,  thats  my 
trade,  Pat"  says  Pete  as  he  started  away,  and  he  won  the  drinks. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


33« 


BEAUTY    AND    THE    BEAST. 


332  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Some  one  asked  Bolzer  what  became  of  Sam  Plunkett,  the  Ar- 
kansas beauty,  as  they  called  him.  Bolzer  stated  that  after  they 
had  finished  working  out  their  joint  claim  in  Georgetown  canon, 
in  the  spring  of  '50,  Sam  went  north,  and  was  supposed  to  have 
been  killed  by  the  Modoc  Indians  in  the  summer  of  '56,  as  he  went 
on  a  prospecting  expedition  up  into  that  countr}-  about  that  time, 
and  was  never  heard  of  afterwards. 

"  If  the  Indians  did  kill  him,"  Bolzer  continued,  "  they  must  have 
done  it  when  he  was  asleep  some  dark  night,  for  they  never  dared 
to  go  near  enough  to  kill  him  in  the  daylight.  Why,  Sam  told  me 
once  that  he  was  otfered  a  big  salary  to  travel  with  a  show  as  a 
natural  curiosity,  and  I  asked  why  he  didn't.  Well,  he  said  he 
would,  but  there  was  another  chap  in  his  native  State  who  was 
jealous  of  him,  and  told  him  if  he  joined  that  show  he  would  kill 
him  later,  sure.  Sam  said  they  hired  'tother  chap,  but  they  didn't 
keep  him  long,  for  the  farmers  all  over  the  country  made  such  a 
fuss,  and  threatened  to  kill  him  if  he  didn't  git  out.  I  asked  Sam 
why  the  farmers  were  all  down  on  him,  and  he  said  that  in  every 
section  of  the  country  he  passed  through,  the  milk  all  turned  sour. 

Bolzer  then  related  an  incident  to  show  why  the  Indians  were 
afraid  to  get  near  enough  to  Sam  to  kill  him. 

"  Upon  one  occasion,"  said  Bolzer  "  Sam,  in  company  with  a 
chap  they  called 'Sleepy  Ben,' started  upon  a  prospecting  expedi- 
tion away  up  north,  and  Ben  tells  for  a  fact  that  when,  in  passing 
around  a  point  near  the  mouth  of  a  ravine,  they  saw,  just  a  short 
distance  beyond,  four  or  five  Indians  who  were  apparently  very 
badly  scared  at  something  upon  the  opposite  side  of  the  ravine,  for 
they  ran  for  their  ponies,  which  they  mounted  in  a  great  hurry,  and 
were  out  of  sight  among  the  rocks  and  brush  beyond  in  a  jiffy. 
Ben  said  they  were  astonished,  and  couldn't  imagine  what  the  In- 
dians were  so  badly  scared  at,  but,  upon  coming  in  sight  of  the 
opposite  side  of  the  ravine,  there  upon  the  face  of  a  high  ledge  of 
rock  was  the  shadow  of  Sam  with  his  roll  of  blankets  upon  his  back, 
looking  for  all  the  world  like  a  huge  camel  walking  upon  its  hind 
legs." 

Bolzer  was  asked  if  he  believed  the  yarn  that  was  told  about 
Sam  frightening  a  bear  to  death  up  in  Nevada  County,  in  the  fall 
of  '50.  Bolzer  replied  that  Dutch  Pete,  who  was  with  Sam  at  the 
time,   said    'twas  true.     Upon  some  one  asking  about  the  circum- 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


333 


stances,  Bolzer  related  that  Sam  and  Pete  had  been  into  town  and 
were  on  their  way  home  again  with  a  sack  of  flour  and  other  articles 
upon  their  shoulders.  Sam  was  in  the  lead,  and  just  as  they  were 
opposite  a  cluster  of  bushes  a  huge  grizzly  bear  met  them  in  the 
trail,  and,  raising  itself  upon  its  hind  legs,  laid  its  forepaws  in  a 
j)layful  manner  upon  Sam's  shoulders.  Sam  had  a  heavy  load  on 
his  back,  and  being  somewhat  astonished  at  the  sudden  appearance 
of  the  bear  he  stood  perfectly  still,  and  looked  his  unwelcome  visi- 
tor square  in  the  face.  The  bear  also,  by  the  way,  seemed  to  be  as 
much  astonished  as  Sam  was,  and  Pete  said  that  it  would  look  very 


j^ 


THE    POWER    OF    BEAUTY. 

earnestly  at  Sam,  first  out  of  one  eye  and  then  turning  its  head  it 
would  gaze  at  him  for  a  minute  with  the  other,  and  then  it  would 
lower  its  head,  and  closing  both  eyes,  seemed  to  be  thinking  to 
itself  whether  it  had  ever  in  the  course  of  its  life  come  across  such 
a  looking  object  before,  and  whether  'twas  dangerous  or  not.  Pete 
said  the  animal  seemed  to  think  that  the  queer-looking  thing  was 
dangerous,  and  that  he  had  "shust  got  dem  paws  into  it,  for  he 
shost  rolled  his  eyes  up  and  pooty  sudden  all  at  vunce  he  falls  over 
on  top  mit  his  back,  und  den  he  durns  his  eye  up  to  Sam,  strikes  at 
him  mit  his  paw,  und  daking  von  long  breath  vas  dead  right  avay 
as  von  big  nail,  by  shiminy." 


334  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF    CALIFORNIA. 

"  This  was  Pete's  account  of  the  affair,"  concluded  P.olzer.  "  Well, 
Sam  was  the  ugliest  man  in  the  universe,  and  he  seemed  to  be  proud 
of  it,  too.  He  said  once  that  he  would  be  remembered  after  he 
was  dead  a  spell  longer  'than  you  good-lookin'  chaps,'  and  that 
seemed  to  console  him  for  his  ugliness.  It  was  stated  by  a  man 
W'ho  crossed  the  plains  in  the  same  train  with  Sam,  that  the  whole 
train  was  at  one  time  in  the  greatest  danger  of  being  run  over  and 
trampled  to  death  by  an  immense  drove  of  buffaloes,  but  Sam,  see- 
ing the  danger  just  in  tnne,  walked  towards  the  drove  when  it  was 
almost  upon  them,  and  it  divided,  passing  upon  either  side.  His 
presence  of  mind  in  showing  himself  to  the  drove  at  the  right 
time  saved  the  lives  of  more  than  one  hundred  men,  women  and 
children." 


CHAPTER    XXill. 


Bill  Burnes  Lynching  the  Colored  Man — Dick  Arnold — The 
Mining  Regions — The  Old-tlmers  Disperse — The  Phantoms 
of  the  Forty-niners — Forty  Years  Have  Passed — The 
Argonauts'  Soliloquy — The  Great  (Changes — The  Flight 
of  Time— The  Number  of  Pioneers  Now  Living. 

^i/^H,  say,  Pike,  do  you  remember  when  Bill  Burnes  and  his  crowd 
\J  of  border  ruffians  undertook  to  hang  that  colored  chap, 
Bartlett,  over  on  Weaver  Creek  in  '51  ?  '^  asked  Tennessee. 

*'0h,  yaas,  indeed,'"  answered  Pike,  "  for  you  know  I  was  right 
thar  and  seen  it  all." 

"Well,"  Yank  continued,  "when  I  was  down  there  to  the  Bay 
there  was  an  article  about  that  affair  published  in  the  Argonaut. 
But  wasn't  that  little  Providence  chap,  Dick  Arnold,  clear  grit, 
though  ?  But,  pshaw,  who  would  want  to  run  the  risk  of  his  life 
just  to  save  a  darky,  anyhow?  You  remember  that  I  asked  him 
afterwards  how  he  could  run  such  a  risk  for  a  colored  man,  and  a 
stranger,  too. 

"•Oh,  well,'  says  the  little  black-eyed  cuss,  'if  it  had  been  a 
yellow  dog  I  would  have  done  it  all  the  same  upon  general  princi- 
ples, jest  to  show  that  crowd  that  they  couldn't  run  this  country 
any  longer. 

" '  Why,  you  remember  that  'twas  this  same  crowd,  the  Bill 
Burnes'  gang,  who  undertook  to  make  trouble  when  we  voted  upon 
the  adoption  of  the  constitution  at  Colonel  Backus'  hotel ;  said  they 
didn't  want  any  constitution,  governor,  or  law  and  order,  anyhow, 
out  here  in  California,  and  they  gave  us  to  understand  that  if  we 
Yanks  undertook  that  sort  of  business  they  would  clean  us  out. 
At  the  meeting  they  tried  to  scare  us  out,  but  found  we  didn't  scare 
worth  a  cent.  So  you  see,  boys,  when  they  started  in  to  lynch  the 
darky,  Bartlett,  me  and  my  pard  concluded  that  they  jest  shouldn't 
do  anything  of  the  kind.  But,  pshaw,  we  didn't  run  so  much  risk 
335 


33^  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

as  you  think,  for  we  knew  that  kind  of  a  crowd.  ^Vlly,  when  they 
see  me  running  over  on  top  of  their  heads,  with  my  knife  in  between 
my  teeth  to  cut  the  rope,  they  knew  right  off  that  some  of  them 
derned  Yanks  were  around  and  they  had  better  take  keer,  and  they 
did,  too.'  " 

"  Hut  the  best  of  it  was,"  said  Pike,  "to  see  old  Schowton,  the 
sheriff,  and  the  whole  crowd  jest  go  for  the  brush  when  Burnes 
throwed  the  rope  over  the  darkey's  head,  and  then  jerked  him  up  into 
the  top  of  the  oak  tree.  Yes,  and  the  judge,  jury,  sheriff  and  all 
hands  ran  a  race  to  see  who  would  get  into  the  brush  first." 

"  Well,  but  where  were  you  and   Yank  all  this  time?"  asked  an- 
other. 

"  Well,  I  reckon'  we  made  for  the  brush,  too,  and  I  jest  thought 
there  was  agoin'  to  be  some  shootin',  sure,  for  there  was  more  than 
thirty  of  that  crowd  along  with  Burnes,  but  when  they  seen  them 
two  little  chaps  comin'  up  the  hill  agin  with  the  darkey,  one  on 
each  side  of  him,  with  their  guns  in  their  hands,  they  jest  wilted." 
"  Do  you  remember  the  chap,  Joe  Hart,  who  had  that  rich  claim  in 
White  Rock  canon,  up  near  Hangtown,"  Yank  asked.  •'  It  was  in 
'50  that  they  said  he  had  !$6o,ooo  worth  of  dust  salted  down  at  that 
time.  Well,  blamed  if  I  didn't  meet  him  on  Market  street,  in  San 
Francisco,  with  a  back-load  of  brooms.  He  was  peddling  brooms, 
and  told  me  that  he  could  make  a  very  good  living,  that  is  if  he 
wern't  very  particular  about  how  good  he  lived,  .-^nd  one  day  I 
was  riding  in  one  of  the  street  cars,  and  who  in  thunder  do  you 
s'pose  was  driving  it  ?  Why,  old  Varmount,  as  we  used  to  call  the 
little  chap  who  had  such  a  big  claim  at  Forest  Hill  in  '56.  He 
went  in  some  kind  of  business  down  thar,  and  when  his  money 
gave  out  his  business  followed  suit,  and  he  got  a  job  of  car  driving 
for  a  living.  I  tell  you  it  isn't  any  use  for  an  old  miner  to  go  down 
there  with  his  dust  to  go  into  business  among  strangers.  There 
are  lots  of  chaps  down  there  who  are  just  laying  for  that  kind  of 
game.  They  had  better  keep  their  dust  up  here,  and  help  build  up 
and  improve  the  old  worn-out  and  deserted  mining  regions. 

"  For  I  tell  you  what  it  is:  up  here  among  these  old  hills  is  just 
going  to  be  the  garden  spot  of  California.  No  finer  climate  in  the 
world,  or  soil  that  is  any  better  for  raising  fruit,  grape  vines,  or  kids 
either.  I  just  reckon  that  we  old  Forty-niners  will  live  to  seethe 
time  when  all  these  old  hills,  flats  and   ravines  where  we  usetl  to 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


337 


DICK   ARNOLD    RESCUING    BARTLETT. 


338  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

mine,  which  we  have  tramped  over  for  so  many  years  prospecting, 
will  all  be  levelled  off,  fenced  in,  and  planted  with  vines  and  fruit 
trees.  Yes,  they  will  sure;  for  people  are  just  now  coming  from  the 
East,  and  it  won't  be  long  before  you  will  see  railroads  running  up 
into  all  these  old  deserted  mining  regions,  just  as  there  is  soon 
going  to  be  up  into  old  Hangtown.  Just  imagine  the  bell  ringing, 
and  the  engine  whistling  as  it  flies  up  through  the  ravines  among 
the  hills  where  we  mined  in  early  days.  Why,  boys,  suppose  when 
we  were  up  there  to  work  forty  years  ago,  some  of  the  boys  had 
said  that  the  time  would  come,  and  we  would  live  to  see  it,  when 
these  hills  and  flats  would  be  fenced  in,  covered  with  fruit  trees  and 
vines,  and  with  nice  pleasant  homes  around  in  among  them,  and 
that  a  railroad  would  be  built,  and  a  train  of  cars  would  be  seen 
rolling  up  into  old  Hangtown,  too.  Why,  they  would  have  been 
called  crazy,  and  the  preachers  would  have  been  sent  for  to  come 
and  hold  an  inquest  over  them." 

As  it  was  now  getting  late  in  the  day,  a  few  of  the  old  miners 
who  had  fruit  ranches  near  by  were  soon  compelled  to  leave.  The 
five  old-timers  were  making  preparations  to  start  for  other  mining 
localities.  JefT  was  on  his  way  to  Arizona,  having  heard  of  the  new 
mines  there.  Yank  was  about  starting  for  the  Yucon.  Jersey  was 
headed  for  the  Coeur  D'Alene  silver  region,  where  he  was  interested 
in  a  galena  and  silver  mine,  from  which  he  was  expecting  to  realize 
an  immense  fortune,  whilst  Tennessee  and  Jim  had  concluded  to 
examine  the  Kootenai  country,  in  British  Columbia.     Jeff  remarked: 

"  Well,  now,  boys,  we  are  soon  to  part  again,  each  to  go  his  own 
way,  but  all  determined  to  continue  in  the  old  business  of  pros- 
pecting to  the  end,  unless  we  strike  a  pile  in  time  to  enjoy  a  few 
years  before  we  go,  relief  from  our  labor  in  quiet  and  comfort  down 
in  the  big  city  by  the  sea." 

"Yes,"  says  Yank,  "  and  we  will  continue  in  this  business  for 
all  time.  And  just  let  the  present  generation  hand  it  down  to  their 
children,  and  to  their  children's  children,  as  well  as  to  all  future 
generations  who  will  make  their  dwelling  places  throughout  the 
old  mining  regions,  that  those  phantoms  that  are  occasionally  seen 
wandering  about  among  the  ravines  and  cafions  in  the  dead  hours 
of  night,  carrying  upon  their  backs  rolls  of  blankets,  as  well  as  an 
old  tin  pan,  pick  and  shovel,  are  only  the  restless  spirits  of  a  few 
old  miners  who  are,  from  force  of  habit,  hunting  for  some  spot 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


339 


WALLACE,    IDAHO     TERRITORY. 

(See  page,  302) 


340  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF    CALIFORNIA. 

where  they  can  get  a  few  colors  to  the  pan,  and  find  the  bed  rock 
pitching.  They  are  the  spirits  of  Jeff,  Yank,  Old  Pike,  Tennessee, 
Jersey  and  Jim,  the  old  Forty-niners." 

It  is  now  forty  years  since  a  few  thousands  of  hardy  adventurers 
sailed  out  upon  the  broad  ocean  from  the  various  sea  ports  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  and  also  about  an  equal  number  of  thousands 
crossed  the  barren  plains  in  that  eventful  and  long  -  to  -  be- 
remembered  year  of  1849,  to  follow  upon  the  trail  of  the  Star  of  the 
Westward-bound  P2mpire,  which,  tradition  said,  was  coursing  across 
the  continent,  ana  which  was  supposed  to  have  finally  set  some- 
where upon  the  Pacific  Coast.  And  what  a  transformation  has 
taken  place  since  their  arrival  upon  the  shores  of  California  !  Here, 
where  we  first  landed,  where  all  appeared  like  a  vast  army  encamp- 
ment, with  the  sand  hills  dotted  with  tents,  we  now  find,  in  place  of 
those  primitive  and  origmal  conditions,  a  great  city,  the  founda- 
tions of  which  were  laid  by  those  original  tent-d\j'ellers,  and  which 
has  in  a  few  short  years  sprung  into  existence  as  if  impelled  by 
some  magical-hidden  subterranean  influence  in  the  mountain  re- 
gions. And  it  is  this  magical  influence,  more  potent  than  the  lamp 
of  Aladdin,  which  has  accomplished  such  wonderful  transformations 
in  so  short  a  space  of  time  that  we  have  come  thousands  of  miles 
by  sea,  as  well  as  across  barren  sands  and  deserts,  to  seek  for  the 
widely  scattered  fragments  of  the  once  richly  paved  streets  of  the 
"  New  Jerusalem." 

These  wonderful  transformations  are  not,  however,  confined  to 
the  few  large  cities  of  the  plains,  or  to  those  the  foundations  of 
which  are  laid  by  the  sea,  but  are  visible  over  the  entire  country, 
for  even  among  the  hills  and  mountains  ranges,  as  well  as  in  the 
broad  and  rich  valley  bottoms,  can  now  be  seen  the  pleasant  homes 
and  residences  of  the  farmer,  the  fruit,  and  the  vine  grower.  There 
can  also  be  seen  occasionally  the  homes  of  those  who  are  yet  en- 
gaged in  the  mining  industry.  There  can  yet  be  seen,  also,  among 
the  deep  ravines,  upon  the  level  spots  of  the  steep  sides  of  the 
cafions,  and  in  other  localities,  the  ruins  of  the  once  pleasant  homes 
of  the  old  Forty-niners;  but  these  have,  in  the  great  majority  of 
cases,  like  the  greater  number  of  their  once  happy  and  energetic 
occupants,  gone  to  decay.  Many  of  them,  however,  yet  e.vist 
in  form,  and  to  all  outward  appearances,  from  a  distance,  have  an 
air  of  usefulness  and  soliditv;  but  upon  a  nearer  approach  it  will  be 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


341 


PHANTOM    PROSPECTORS. 


342  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALJFOA'AJA. 

found  that  the  foundation  only  remains;  the  bark  upon  the  old  logs 
has  rotted  and  fallen  off,  and  the  decayed  logs  have  a  seedy,  anti- 
quated appearance.  The  once  palatial  residences  of  the  old-timers, 
which  have  withstood  the  storms  and  battled  with  the  elements  for 
nearly  forty  years,  a'*e  now,  like  many  of  their  former  occupants, 
existing  only  in  form.  They  have  fought  the  fight  and  have  won, 
and  many  of  them  are  yet  in  existence,  roaming  upon  various  por- 
tions of  the  earth's  surface,  resembling  in  their  seedy  and  anti- 
quated appearance  the  old  logs  of  their  ancient  castles  among  the 
mountian  ranges,  and  like  these  requiring  but  a  slight  push  or  a 
gentle  breeze  to  throw  them  from  their  foundations  into  the  ravine 
below. 

Yet  there  is,  after  all,  among  the  old  Forty-niners  a  great  satis- 
faction when,  from  a  commanding  eminence  or  standing  upon  the 
rugged  cliff  of  some  mountain  peak,  the  Argonaut  can  take  a  view 
of  the  surrounding  country  spread  out  before  him  below,  and  see 
the  pleasant  homes  upon  the  flats,  among  the  ravines  and  sunny 
slopes  of  the  hillsides  of  the  once  thickly  populated  miniiig  region. 
The  country  that  once  was  dreary  and  desolate,  now  covered  with 
extensive  forests  of  fruits  and  vineyards  ;  and  away  further  back 
among  the  hills,  where  formerly  dwelt  the  grizzly  and  other  wild 
animals,  can  now  be  seen  the  cabins  of  the  herders  with  their  im- 
mense droves  of  cattle  and  flocks  of  sheep.  In  the  valleys  below 
he  can  see  fields  of  waving  grain,  and  the  railroad  trains  rushing 
through  them  in  various  directions,  filled  with  travelers  from  all 
parts  of  the  world  who  have  come  to  view  this  wonderful  trans- 
formation scene.  He  includes,  also,  in  the  view  the  great  cities  be- 
yond, which  have  risen  during  this  brief  period,  and  are  now  filled 
with  a  busy  crowd,  all  engaged  in  fierce  warfare,  endeavoring  to  see 
who  will  get  there  first,  and  in  which  none  are  anticipating  that  they 
will  get  left. 

All  this  the  old-timer  views  from  his  lofty  perch  upon  the  moun- 
tain summit,  and  with  these  thoughts  running  in  his  mind  : 

"  Although  I  am  not  at  present  in  a  suitable  condition  or  circum- 
stances to  take  an  active  part  m  the  busy  scene,  or  even  to  mingle 
with  the  well-dressed  crowds  that  are  promenading  the  streets  of 
the  great  cities  (for  the  stylish  plug  hat  that  I  sported  in  my  early 
mining  days  has  long  since  been  jammed  and  knocked  out  of  shape 
by  my  mining  acquaintances,  my   store   clothes  are  in  tatters,  and 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  343 

my  biled  shirt  and  fancy  necktie  also  have  long  since  faded  and 
gone),  yet  there  is  consolation  in  the  thought  that  I  assisted  by  my 
labor  to  lay  the  foundation  of  all  this  grand  panorama,  in  motion 
below  me.  And  amid  the  solid  rocks  which  form  the  foundation, 
and  beneath  the  corner-stone  upon  wh'ch  the  whole  fabric  rests, 
will  be  found  the  results  of  my  labor,  cheerfully  contributed  towards 
the  erection  of  this  grand  and  noble  structure." 

To  an  old-timer,  the  wonderful  changes  and  transformations 
which  have  taken  place  within,  apparently,  so  short  a  space  of 
time  are  hard  to  realize;  and  one  who  has  followed  the  business  of 
mining,  more  particularly  for  many  years,  finds  it  difficult,  even,  to 
grasp  the  fact  that  so  many  long  years  have  come  and  gone  since 
he  first  landed  upon  the  shores  of  the  country. 

But  why  does  life  seem  so  short  to  the  miner,  and  why  do  the 
years  seem,  to  crowd  so  quickly  upon  each  other,  and  to  pass  in 
such  rapid  succession  ?  That  such,  however,  is  the  case,  and  that 
we  grow  up  amid  the  excitement  of  such  conditions  unconscious 
of  the  existence  of  time,  all  old  miners  can  testify  to.  We  find 
that  before  we  are  aware  of  it  our  hair  is  tinged  with  gray;  our 
children  grown  up  around  us;  they,  m  their  turn  are  married,  and 
lo,  and  behold,  we,  the  old-timers,  who  have  remained  unconscious 
of  the  fact  that  time  will  not  even  wait  for  a  Forty-niner,  are  to  our 
astonishment  informed  that  we  have  attained  at  last  to  that  period 
of  our  existence  when  we  can  adopt  the  title  of  father  with  the 
grand  in  front  of  it.  But  why  does  time  pass  so  rapidly  with  those 
who  are  engaged  in  mining  ?  Is  it  in  the  climate  ?  No,  but  in  the 
industry  which  we  follow.  We  read  in  Pope  that  man  never  is,  but 
always  to  be,  blessed,  and  this  applies  to  the  business  of  mining 
with  full  force;  for  the  miner  never  has  yet,  but  always  is  just  going 
to  strike  it.  It  is  always  just  a  little  ahead,  and  so  it  continues  to 
the  miner,  for  but  a  small  proportion  of  them  ever  reach  it.  Yet 
the  continuation  of  daily,  weekly  and  yearly  anticipations,  as  yet 
unrealized,  but  which  are  soon  to  be,  causes  time  to  pass  unobserv- 
ed, and  the  old  Forty-niner,  who,  in  his  imagination,  has  been  here 
but  a  few  short  years,  finds  to  his  astonishment,  when  the  little  ones 
are  climbing  over  him.  pulling  his  whiskers  and  calling  him  "  Grand- 
pa," when  he  comes  to  think  of  it,  as  old  Pike  would  say,  that  he 
has  been  here  a  right  smart  chance. 

But  the  old  miner  misfht  ask  if  this  is  not  true  of  all  other  kinds 


344  THE  AKGO.XAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

of  business,  or  of  human  affairs  in  general,  as  well  as  the  business 
of  mining  ?  No,  only  to  a  limited  extent,  although,  'tis  true  enough, 
as  observation  and  experience  shows  us,  that  the  continual  expecta- 
tion of  the  satisfaction  of  our  desires  is  the  fundamental  base  of 
all  human  action;  the  one  great  incentive  to  exertion.  We  find, 
however,  that  whilst  a  reasonable  length  of  time  in  which  to  satisfy 
our  desires  is  allowed  and  expected  in  all  other  kinds  of  business, 
in  mining  the  case  is  reversed.  And  it  was  for  this  reason  that 
thousands  left  their  Eastern  homes,  upon  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
California,  believing  it  possible  that  gold  in  large  quantities  could 
be  scraped  up  from  the  surface  of  the  earth  in  a  very  short  space  of 
time.  If  a  proper  knowledge  of  gold  mining  had  been  as  well  un- 
derstood at  that  time  as  has  since  been  acquired  by  dearly- 
bought  experience,  and  that  only  about  the  same  proportion  of 
persons  would  have  succeeded  in  it  as  was  possible  in  any  other 
business  requiring  the  same  space  of  time  for  its  development, 
the  emigration  to  this  Coast  would  have  been  much  less  in 
early  days.  The  amount  extracted  from  the  mines  would,  no 
doubt,  have  been  the  same  and  with  similar  effects,  perhaps.  At 
any  rate,  the  expectations  of  the  early  pioneers  would  have  been 
more  reasonable,  and  disappointments  in  the  business  of  mining 
would  have  been  less,  since  they  would  have  corresponded  with 
such  expectations. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  forty  years  have  now  elapsed  since  the 
exciting  news  was  wafted  across  the  continent  that  gold  had  been 
discovered  upon  the  Pacific  Coast,  it  would  be  of  great  interest  to 
know  what  has  become  of  this  vast  army  of  gold  seekers,  the  Ar- 
gonauts, who  left  their  friends  and  homes  in  the  year  '49. 

The  estimate  has  been  made  that  the  number  of  vessels  which 
sailed  from  the  Atlantic  seaports  of  the  United  States  in  the  year 
'49,  including  steamers  bound  for  California,  was  something  near 
400.  The  number  of  persons,  including  the  emigration  across  the 
plains  in  '49,  therefore,  who  left  their  Eastern  homes  in  the  year  '49 
to  seek  their  fortunes  upon  this  side  of  the  continent,  must  have  been 
nearly  60,000.  Taking  an  estimate  of  those  who  are  now  living, 
and  of  those  who  joined  the  various  Pioneer  Associations,  it  would 
be  safe  to  conclude  that  there  are  living  at  present  of  that  vast 
multitude,  at  least  15,000.  About  8,000  of  them  arc  living  upon  the 
Pacific  Coast,  while  the  greater  portion  of  the  remainder  are  scattered 


IHk.  ARGON AU IS  OF  CALII'OKNJA, 


345 


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THE   FLIGHT   OF   TIMF- 


346  THE  ARGON  A  UTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

throughout  the  United  States  from  Bangor,  Maine,  to  New  Orleans 
on  the  south,  and  to  Colorado  in  a  westerly  direction. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  Argonauts  are  making  their  homes 
in  the  towns  and  cities,  where  very  many  of  them  are  yet  engaged  in 
active  business;  while  a  journey  throughout  the  agricultural  dis- 
tricts of  the  Pacific  Coast  will  discover  the  fact  that  large  numbers 
are  engaged  in  farming  in  all  its  various  branches  of  grain,  fruit 
and  stock  raising.  In  some  of  the  mining  counties  will  be  found, 
also,  many  of  the  old-timers  who  have  abandoned  the  business  of 
mining,  and  are  now  engaged  in  the  fruit  industry,  and  in  many 
cases,  too,  in  the  very  same  localities  where  they  mined  long  years 
ago.  They  have  filled  up  the  deep  shafts,  levelled  off  the  piles  of 
rocks  and  tailings,  and  by  means  of  brush  dams  have  restored 
again  to  their  original  condition  the  barren  and  stony  places  which 
were  washed  out  in  the  search  for  gold. 

A  visit  to  some  of  the  now  deserted  mining  camps  throughout 
the  mining  regions,  will  bring  to  light  many  of  the  old  pioneers  who 
are  yet  lingering  around  the  spot  where  they  first  located  upon 
their  arrival,  loath  to  break  away  from  their  first  and  earliest  asso- 
ciations, and  content  to  remain  and  live  over  again,  in  imagination, 
the  early  mining  days,  with  their  pleasing  incidents  and  associa- 
tions. Of  the  Argonauts  who  are  at  present  engaged  in  mining  the 
number  would  be  found  small,  not  exceeding,  perhaps,  500.  But 
they  are  scattered  throughout  the  length  and  breath  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  wherever  there  is  a  prospect  of  new  mining  discoveries,  from 
Mexico  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  and  a  few  of  them  will  be  found  in 
every  mining  camp  of  any  importance. 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 


347 


"  HOW    DO    YOU    DO,    WILLIAM  ?  " 


CHAPTER   XXIV. 


The  Return — Great  Changes. 

Jo. — Good  morning,  William,  how  do  you  do  ? 

William. — Very  well,  very  well,  I  thank  you,  but  you  have  the 
advantage  of  me,  sir. 

Jo. — Why;  don't  you  remember  Jo,  your  old  chum  ? 

W. — ^^'hat!  is  this  Jo?  is  it  possible  ?  60  it  is,  so  it  is.  When  did 
you  arrive  from  California  ? 

Jo. — I  have  just  arrived. 

W. — Did  you  return  by  water,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — Oh,  no!  I  came  by  rail  across  the  continent. 

W. — Well,  I  suppose  there  are  a  great  many  of  the  boys  of  '49 
still  living  in  California  and  intending  to  end  their  days  there,  are 
there  not  ? 

Jo. — Oh,  yes,  there  are  several  thousand  remaining  upon  the 
Pacific  Coast,  and  they  all  seem  contented  with  their  new  homes. 

W. — Well,  how  many  are  there  now  living  of  the  Forty-niners; 
have  you  any  idea,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — Judging  from  the  number  of  those  who  are  now  living 
who  joined  the  Pioneer  Associations  in  the  various  States, there  must 
be  at  least  about  15,000, 

W. — Well,  that  was  a  grand  and  pleasant  adventure,  the  depart- 
ure of  so  many  thousands  for  the  other  side  of  the  continent  to 
search  for  gold,  wasn't  it?  and  I  suppose  you  boys  .all  enjoyed  it, 
too,  and  profited  by  the  experience  ? 

Jo. — Yes,  we  certainly  did,  and  I  doubt  if  there  was  ever  in  the 
history  of  the  world  an  adventure  similar  in  character  and  magnitude, 
and  which  created  such  wonderful  effects  as  the  gold  discovery  of 
California,  for  as  far  as  our  observation  extends,  the  existence  of 
such  another  vast  gold  field  is  improbable,  unless  it  may  be  that  in 
the  unexplored  regions  of  Africa  rich  gold  fields  may  exist,  but 
even  if  such  discoveries  should  be  made,  such  are  the  numbers  and 

3^8 


THE  ARGONAUIS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


349 


THE    RETURN 


350  THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

character  of  the  savage  tribes  that  inhabit  those  regions,  they  would 
be  of  httle  value  to  the  civihzed  world. 

W. — Well,  I  suppose  you  observe  the  great  changes  that  have 
taken  place  here  upon  this  side  of  the  continent  since  you  left  forty 
years  ago  ? 

Jo. — Yes,  indeed,  I  do,  and  'tis  difficult  to  realize  the  great 
changes  that  have  taken  place  in  so  short  a  space  of  time,  and  which 
are  visible  when  crossing  the  continent  from  Hangtown  to  Jersey, 
for  towns  and  cities  have  sprung  into  existence,  and  sections  of  the 
country  are  now  thickly  populated  where  but  a  few  short  years  ago 
were  barren  desert  places,  occupied  only  by  roving  bands  of  savages. 
And  all  of  these  changed  conditions  are  due  to  the  gold  discovery 
in  California. 

AV. — Yes,  yes,  you  are  right,  and  it  was  the  means  also,  through 
the  energy  of  you  gold  diggers,  of  building  up  a  great  and  a  pros- 
perous country  upbn  the  other  side  of  the  continent,  as  well  as  pro- 
ducing a  condition  of  prosperity  over  the  entire  country.  But,  Jo, 
I  want  you  to  tell  me  why  it  is  that  so  few  of  you  old  pioneers  suc- 
ceeded in  your  expectations  of  obtaining  great  wealth  in  a  country 
where  so  much  gold  was  dug  from  the  earth,  for  it  seems  to  me  that 
you  are  the  ones  who  should  have  been  the  most  successful. 

Jo. — Yes,  it  does  seem  so,  but  if  we  did  not  succeed  in  holding 
on  to  what  we  dug  from  the  earth,  at  any  rate  we  have  the  satisfac- 
tion of  knowing  that  our  friends  here  in  the  East  got  their  share  of 
it  in  the  course  of  their  business  transactions. 

W. — Oh,  well,  that's  very  generous  of  you  old  miners,  and  no 
doubt  is  a  great  satisfaction. 

]o. — Yes, and  I  hope  that  you  received  your  share;  did  you  not? 

A\'. — Oh,  well,  yes,  yes,  moderately!  only  moderately  so  ;  but 
then  I've  no  cause  to  complain;  no  cause  to  complain.  But  tell  me, 
Jo,  why  it  was  that  you  boys  who  dug  it  out  of  the  earth  didn't 
keep  your  share,  too  ? 

Jo. — That  I  will  endeavor  to  do  if  you  will  explain  to  me  why  it 
was  that  after  we  had  dug  it  from  the  earth,  and  had  shipped  it  to 
you  here  in  the  East  by  the  ton,  so  small  a  proportion  of  you  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  a  share  of  it  ? 

W. — Does  the  idea  seem  to  strike  you  that  our  great  prosperity 
here  is  not  general,  and  that  only  a  small  portion  of  us  are  enjoy- 
ing the  advantages  of  the  great  gold  circulation. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  351 

Jo. — Yes,  from  all  the  evidences,  with  a  money  circulation  of 
nearly  fifteen  hundred  millions  of  gold  that  has  been  sent  to  you 
here  at  the  East,  there  does  not  appear  to  exist  a  general  pros- 
perity, for  the  strikes,  the  great  labor  organizations,  and  the  various 
theories  adopted  by  your  agitators  and  explained  from  the  plat- 
form are  evidence  of  the  fact  that  a  great  portion,  at  least,  do  not 
share  in  the  general  prosperity.     Now,  why  is  this  ? 

W. — Well,  I  must  admit  that  such  is  really  the  case,  and  that 
there  should  exist  so  much  poverty  with  such  a  great  money  circu- 
lation is  difficult  of  comprehension.  Can  you  explain  the  phenom- 
enon, Jo? 

Jo. — Hardly,  William,  for  you  know  that  it  is  the  business  of 
t'l.e  miner  to  dig  the  gold  from  the  earth  only,  and  for  the  business 
men  of  the  country,  who  use  it,  to  devise  the  proper  means  for  its 
use  and  distribution. 

W. — Yes,  that  is  true  enough,  true  enough;  and  that  it  is  not 
equally  distributed,  and  that  all  portions  of  our  country  and  per- 
sons do  not  share  in  the  use  and  possession  of  it,  is,  in  my  opinion, 
an  evidence  that  the  conditions  created  by  the  improper  use  of  it 
are  not  well  understood.     Is  that  your  opinion  ? 

Jo. — That  may  be  possible.     Will  you  explain  further  ? 

W. — Yes,  All  of  these  dissensions  that  exist  among  us,  such 
as  the  land-reform  agitators,  the  sociahst  and  the  labor  organiza- 
tions, strikes,  the  anarchist  with  his  bomb,  as  well  as  the  inclina- 
tion to  monkey  with  dynamite  generally,  by  a  certain  class  of  men, 
are  but  the  effects  (indirectly,  perhaps,)  of  the  great  amount  of  our 
gold  circulation. 

Jo. — I  see,  William,  that  you  still  entertain  the  same  old  Puri- 
tanical notions  of  too  much  money,  and  all  of  our  labor  has  been 
in  vain,  then. 

W. — Oh,  no,  your  labor  has  not  been  in  vain,  Jo.  Send  us  all 
the  gold  from  California  that  you  possibly  can,  for  the  annual  yield 
from  your  mines  is  hardly  sufficient  now  to  make  up  for  wear  and 
tear,  and  for  what  is  sent  to  foreign  countries.  What  I  mean  is, 
that  there  is  too  much  gold  in  circulation  to  the  ratio  of  silver,  for 
the  general  good. 

Jo. — Then,  in  your  opinion,  if  there  was  a  greater  amount  of 
silver  in  circulation  to  the  ratio  of  gold  it  would  change  these  un- 
natural conditions  that  now  exist  ? 


352  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALI FORMA. 

W. — Yes,  I  most  certainly  do,  Jo. 

Jo. — Will  you  explain  why  ? 

VV; — Well,  observation  shows  us  that  the  great  bulk  of  the  gold 
from  California  seems  to  concentrate  in  the  chief  towns  and 
cities.  Now  this,  of  course,  is  to  the  advantage  of  the  bankers 
and  capitalists  generally,  and  is  the  chief  reason  why  that  class  of 
men  advocate  the  single  standard.  Now  'tis  plain  to  see  the  effect 
of  this,  for  we  all  have  a  desire  to  obtain  gold,  and  it  was  that  reason, 
and  to  satisfy  that  desire,  that  sent  thousands  of  you  boys  around 
Cape  Horn  and  across  the  l)arren  deserts  to  California,  was  it  not  ? 

Jo. — Well,  yes,  that  was  the  case. 

W. — And  with  the  desire  to  acquire  wealth  in  the  easiest  and 
quickest  manner  possible,  and  with  the  least  labor,  now  wasn't  that 
the  idea,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — That  was  our  idea  of  it,  William. 

W. — Well  since  the  greater  portion  of  the  gold  from  your  mines 
flows  into  the  towns  and  chief  cities,  and  to  linger  there,  and  since 
ah  have  the  desire  to  get  a  share  of  it  in  the  easiest  and  quickest 
manner,  and  with  as  little  exertion  as  possible,  it  is  therefore  evi- 
dent that  in  order  to  do  so,  it  was  necessary  to  go  into  the  towns  and 
cities  after  it,  was  it  not  '' 

Jo. — That  must  be  the  conclusion. 

W. — Now  this  increased  gold  circulation  had  the  effect  of  stim- 
ulating all  the  various  industries  ;  this  created  a  demand  for  labor, 
raised  the  price  of  it,  and  brought  to  our  shores  the  surplus  laborers 
ot  Europe  who  desired  to  get  their  share  of  it,  but  this  was  not  all,  Jo, 
for  the  laborers  of  the  farming  districts  all  over  the  country  rushed 
into  the  big  cities  also,  and  these  are  the  evil  effects  produced.  Why, 
you  ask?  because  this  concentration  of  labor  from  foreign  lands  and 
from  the  agricultural  districts  into  our  great  cities  created  an  over 
supply  of  labor  which  is  the  direct  cause  of  all  these  dissensions 
among  us.     Now  don't  you  have  that  idea  of  it,  Jo? 

Jo. — Well,  perhaps  you  are  right,  and  in  your  opinion  the  circu- 
lation of  silver  to  an  amount  ecjual  to  gold  will  remedy  the  evd,  is 
that  it? 

W. — Yes,  yes,  but  don't  speak  too  loud  or  my  associates  in  the 
bank  over  there  may  overhear  our  conversation,  and  censure  me 
for  holding  <jpinions  and  advocating  a  policy  that  would  be  rather 
detrimental  to  our  business. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  353 

Jo. — What!  you  a  banker,  William  ? 

W. — Oh,  yes,  in  a  small  way. 

Jo. — Well,  then,  I  can  return  your  compliment  by  saying  that  it 
is  very  generous  in  you  to  advocate  a  policy  for  the  general  good 
that  would  be  detrimental  to  your  business. 

W. — Yes,  yes,  but  I  thnik  the  time  is  soon  coming  when  'twill  be 
necessary  to  adopt  such  a  policy,  for  the  present  gold  circulation 
is  bringing  into  existence  such  a  state  of  affairs  that  a  reaction  must, 
from  the  nature  of  things,  take  place.  But  I  do  not  wish  you  to  in- 
fer, Jo,  that  the  great  abundance  of  gold  that  you  miners  have  sent 
us  has  been  the  direct  cause  of  such  unnatural  conditions  ;  by  no 
means,  but  it  is  in  the  manner  of  using  it.  Now  you  know  that  if 
you  should  spread  upon  some  barren  sandy  spot  certain  fertilizing 
substances,  with  a  little  water,  and  fail  to  properly  prepare  and  culti- 
vate the  ground,  that  weeds  and  poisonous  plants  will  come  into  ex- 
istence upon  the  spot,  these  plants  are  entirely  useless,  perhaps,  but 
this  fact  does  not  prove  that  the  fertilizing  substance  was  an  injury 
by  any  means,  but  only  that  it  was  improperly  used,  and  just  so  it 
is  with  gold  and  silver.  These  metals  are  the  fertilizers  for  all 
human  industries,  and  the  various  socialist  theories,  labor  organiza- 
tions, strikes,  etc.,  are  the  obnoxious  weeds  brought  into  existence 
by  its  improper  use.     Now,  am  I  not  right,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — That  may  be  the  case,  but,  please  tell  me,  William,  why  the 
greater  circulation  of  silver  will  change  such  conditions. 

W. — Well,  for  the  reasons  that  silver  will  circulate  more  freely 
among  the  working  classes,  and  also  in  the  country  among  the 
small  villages  and  farmers. 

Jo. — Can  you  give  good  reasons  why  silver  would  circulate  more 
freely,  and  to  a  much  greater  extent  in  the  agricultural  districts  than 
gold? 

Wm. — Certainly,  certainly  I  can;  for  the  reason  why  gold  con- 
centrates into  the  great  centers  of  population  is  because  it  can  be 
used  to  much  better  advantage  by  the  bankers,  brokers  and  our 
larger  business  houses  m  the  cities  ;  it  is  easier  to  handle  in  large 
sums,  requires  less  space  for  its  storage,  and  its  value  being  more 
uniform  than  silver  there  is  therefore  less  risk  in  hoarding  it  up; 
these  are  the  principal  reasons  why  a  single  gold  standard  is  more  to 
the  interest  of  the  business  community,  and  tons  bankers  in  par- 
ticular. 


354  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Jo. — Now  please  explain  the  effects  which  will  be  produced  upon 
the  country  generally,  and  how  such  changed  conditions  will  be 
created  by  the  circulation  of  a  greater  proportion  of  silver,  for  even 
granting,  as  you  maintain,  that  silver  will  circulate  more  freely  among 
the  farmers,  why  will  this  fact  create  a  change  for  the  better? 

W. — Well,  it  is  plain,  Jo,  that  the  less  is  the  gold  in  circulation  to 
the  ratio  of  silver  the  less  will  be  the  facilities  for  acquiring  it,  for 
since  the  bankers,  etc.,  will  have  little  desire  to  hoard  up  the  latter, 
the  greater  will  be  its  circulation,  and  for  this  reason  will  circulate 
more  freely  among  the  working  men,  as  well  as  among  the  farming 
community. 

Jo. — AVell,  granting  that  it  will,  as  you  say,  give  to  the  agricul- 
tural districts  an  increased  circulation  of  money,  what  good  effects 
are  to  result  ? 

W. — Now,  here  is  just  the  point,  Jo,  fo-  is  it  not  plain  that  our 
single  standard  gold  circulation  has  caused  very  injurious  effects 
upon  such  remote  portions  of  the  country,  and  which  proves  that  the 
great  prosperity  is  not  general,  by  any  means.  That  it  has  built  up 
large  cities  is  very  true,  as  well  as  transportation  facilities,  by  build- 
ing thousands  of  miles  of  railroads,  but  how  about  the  farming  in- 
dustry of  the  country  ?  Should  not  that  also  receive  its  proper 
share  of  prosperity  enjoyed  by  the  thicker  settled  portions  of  the 
country?     I  should  think  so,  shouldn't  you,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — Why,  yes,  I  should  certainly  think  so. 

W. — Well,  but  how  does  the  case  stand  ?  Whilst  a  few  persons 
have  been  enabled  to  acquire  immense  wealth  in  our  large  cities, 
the  greater  portion  of  our  farming  lands  from  Maine  to  Iowa  are 
heavily  mortgaged,  and  here  in  the  New  England  States  an  entire 
new  order  of  things  has  been  inaugurated,  for  the  sons  and  daugh- 
ters of  the  farmers  have  gone  into  the  cities  in  order  to  acquire 
wealth  by  an  easier  method  than  farming,  and  the  farming  lands, 
w'hich  were  almost  entirely  deserted  by  the  younger  ones,  are  fall- 
ing into  the  hands  of  foreigners,  and  in  some  portions  of  the  coun- 
try at  the  West  it  is  impossible  to  procure  labor  sufificient  to  harvest 
the  crops.  Havn't  you  observed  this  in  your  traveling  about  the 
country,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — Yes,  I  have,  for  only  a  short  time  since  I  visited  a  district 
where  I  once  lived,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  I  found  that 
about  all  who  are  now  living  there  upon  the  farms  are  the  old  peo- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  UF  CALIFORNIA.  355 

pie.  The  younger  ones  have  nearly  all  gone  into  the  towns  and 
cities  to  engage  in  business,  to  learn  trades  and  professions.  I  must 
say  that  in  the  absence  of  the  younger  members  of  the  country  it 
gives  to  it  a  sad  and  a  dreary  look,  and  in  some  few  cases  a  very 
desolate  appearance,  for  I  saw  a  portion  of  the  country  which  forty 
years  ago  was  rich  farming  land,  but  such  is  its  condition  now  that 
if  a  resident  of  the  sandy  sage-l)rush  lands  of  Colorado  or  Utah 
could  be  transported  and  placed  upon  it,  he  would  feel  perfectly 
contented,  and  would  not  pine  for  his  Western  home. 

They  tell  me  also  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  obtain  assistance 
to  harvest  their  crops,  and  in  many  cases  are  compelled  to  send 
to  New  York  for  foreign  laborers.  Yes,  'tis  evident,  William, 
that  great  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  past  forty  years,  at  least 
in  this  portion  of  the  country.  Whilst  visiting  that  section  of  the 
country  I  met  an  old  lady,  a  former  school-mate,  and  she  spoke  of 
the  changes  that  had  taken  place  in  a  sad  tone. 

"  Oh,"  said  she,  "this  is  not  the  country  that  i:  was  in  our  day, 
for  the  young  peoi)le  all  leave  the  farms  for  the  big  cities  as  soon 
as  they  get  old  enough." 

In  answer  to  my  inquiry  in  relation  to  a  few  of  my  former  com- 
panions she  said  : 

'*  They  all  went  into  the  towns  and  cities;  some  learned  to  be 
doctors  and  some  to  be  lawyers;  some  one  thing  and  some  another. 
Do  you  remember  Sam  Hobbs  ?  Well,  he  got  to  be  head  engineer 
in  a  sausage  factory  and  made  lots  of  money.  And  then  there  is  Al 
Peck;  you  remember  him,  of  course?  ^Vell,  he  was  up  here  on  a 
visit  a  few  years  ago  dressed  up  in  the  finest  rig,  with  his  gold 
watch,  and  diamond  pin  and  things.  He  said  that  he  was  superin- 
tendent of  a  gin-fizz  mill,  if  you  know  what  that  is,  for  I  am  sure 
I  don't.  Well,  Al  is  real  kind  and  tender-hearted,  for  he  did  sym- 
pathize with  John  so  much  because  he  had  to  rake  hay  out  in  the 
hot  sun,  and  then  he  pitied  us  all  so  much,  too,  because  we  were 
compelled  to  live  way  out  here  in  the  country  so  far  from  the  city, 
that  it  was  really  distressing  to  hear  him. 

"Ah,  yes,"  she  continued,  "but  those  were  happy  days.  What 
gay  times  we  had  in  the  winter,  and  how  we  all  did  enjoy  piling 
into  the  big  sleigh  and  going  to  the  singing-schools  and  parties 
around  the  country,  as  well  as  to  the  apple  and  the  husking  bees, 
too.     But  all  of  those  pleasant  times  are  past,  Jo.    I  don't  believe 


356  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

that  you  could  get  enough  young  men  and  girls  together  now 
around  here  in  the  country  to  start  one  of  them  old-fashioned  kiss- 
ing bees." 

And  my  old  school  companion  has  a  good  memory,  too,  William, 
for  she  continued  Ipy  asking  : 

"  Do  you  remember,  Jo,  the  husking  bee  that  you  had  in  your 
father's  big  barn  ?  'Twas  in  '48, 1  think,  the  year  before  you  started 
for  California.  I  remember  well,  Jo,  how  you  went  the  day  before 
and  hid  away  in  a  handy  place  a  whole  bushel  of  red  ears  of  corn 
and  got  more  than  your  share  of  the  fun.  How  selfish  that  was  in 
you,  wasn't  it,  Jo,  to  go  and  leave  the  other  boys  shivering  out  in 
the  coid  ?  Oh,  well,  I  suppose  you  have  long  since  repented  of  it; 
havn't  you  ?'' 

I  told  the  old  lady  that  I  certainly  had,  but  said  I  : 

"  Mary,  although  'tis  a  pleasure  to  recall  to  mind  such  pleasing 
incidents  and  events  of  our  boyhood  days,  yet  as  we  advance  in 
years  we  often  have  cause  to  grieve  for  neglect-^d  opportunities  in 
the  pas:,  and  in  recalling  to  mind  the  little  incident  you  have  men- 
tioned, with  its  happy  surroundings,  pretty  girls  and  a  bushel  of 
corn,  there  comes  over  me  a  feeling  of  sadness  and  of  sorrow  that 
I  didn't — " 

"Didn't  what,  Jo  ?  "  she  asked. 

"That  1  didn't  make  it  two  bushels  instead  of  one,"  I  answered. 

W. — Well,  it  is  very  evident  that  the  conditons  under  which  we 
are  now  existing  must  be  changed,  for  society,  as  well  as  the  future 
welfare  of  our  country,  demands  it. 

Jo. — Well,  what  is  your  opinion  of  the  various  theories  advanced 
by  George,  Bellamy  and  others.  Would  they  not  afford  relief  if 
adopted  ? 

W. — That  is  possible,  but  a  transient  relief  only,  for  they  do  not 
remove  the  absolute  cause  of  it  all;  these  remedies  advocated  by 
them  are  to  our  national,  political  and  social  organizations,  what  the 
drug  of  the  physician  is  to' the  human  or  physical  organization  ; 
while  they  may  afford  relief,  they  do  not  effect  a  permanent  cure, 
or  remove  the  cause  of  the  disease.  Now,  according  to  our  present 
state  and  condition  of  affairs,  whilst  our  commercial  interests  are  of 
first  importance,  and  the  building  up  of  our  great  cities,  with  their 
14  and  16  story  buildings  the  chief  aim  and  consideration,  the  agri- 
cultural interests  are  entirely  overlooked,  and  rich  farming  districts 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  357 

are  almost  entirely  depopulated  or  occupied  by  a  foreign  race.  I  know 
that  to  the  great  mass  of  bustling  business  men  in  our  cities,  these 
facts  seemof  very  trifling  importance,  but,  Jo,  what  would  your  gold 
of  California  be  good  for  without  the  products  of  the  soil  to  give  it 
value,  for  the  value  of  gold  and  silver  is  dependent  upon,  and  de- 
termined entirely  by,  the  amount  of  such  productions.  Why,  Jo,  if 
the  wheat  crop  of  the  world  should  from  any  cause  be  reduced  one- 
half,  the  amount  of  gold  in  circulation  being  relatively  greater  it 
would  consequently  be  cheaper,  and  would  require  a  hatful  of  it  to 
purchase  a  barrel  of  flour,  and  if  the  crops  were  an  entire  failure 
you  couldn't  sell  your  gold  for  more  than  25  cents  a  bushel. 

Jo. — I  don't  exactly  understand  why  it  is,  or  what  possible  rea- 
son these  socialist  reformers  can  have  for  maintaining  that  the 
private  ownership  of  land  is  the  chief  cause  of  the  existence  of 
poverty  and  distress  among  us,  when  there  are  millions  of  acres  of 
unoccupied  lands  now  open  to  settlement,  with  labor  in  demand  in 
the  farming  districts,  as  well  as  good  opportunities  for  renting,  leas- 
ing, or  for  working  upon  shares  good  farming  lands  within  a  short 
distance  from  our  large  cities. 

AV. — Yes,  yes,  that  is  all  true  enough,  but  these  agitators  in  say- 
ing that  the  private  ownership  of  land  is  the  cause  of  poverty  have 
no  reference  whatever,  Jo,  to  farming  lands,  but  only  to  city  lots, 
for  their  ideas  do  not  extend  beyond  the  city  limits.  Why,  did  you 
ever  hear  of  one  of  these  men  advising  the  unemployed  working- 
men  to  go  into  the  country,  occupy  the  public  lands,  and  live  by 
the  cultivation  of  the  soil?     No,  you  never  did. 

Jo. — Well,  I  suppose  that  it  would  be  a  useless  undertaking  to 
try  to  induce  persons,  even  those  who  were  brought  up  and  raised 
upon  a  farm  (as  no  doubt  the  great  majority  of  the  idle  men  in  your 
cities  were),  to  leave  the  bustle  and  excitement  of  a  city  life  and  to 
live  in  solitude  ujDon  a  farm. 

W. — Yes,  no  doubt  it  would,  and  could  hardly  be  expected  of 
them;  but  the  inducements  should  be  such  that  the  rising  genera- 
tion of  the  farming  districts  will  be  satisfied  and  content  to  remain 
there  in  the  future,  and  this  can  in  my  opinion  be  accomplished  by 
remitting  all  taxes  upon  farming  land  for  a  certain  number  of' 
years,  that  is,  upon  such  lands  as  are  located  in  the  more  remote 
sections  of  the  country,  and  including,  of  course,  also  the  adoption 
of  the  double  standard  of  money. 


358  THE  AKGOXAUTS   Of    CALIFORNIA. 

Jo. — Do  you  mean  that  the  present  money  circulation  should  be 
increased  by  an  equal  amount  of  silver? 

Wm. — Oh,  no,  no!  I  don't  believe  that  our  money  circulation 
should  be  increased  one  dollar,  but  that  a  certain  amount  of  silver 
should  be  substituted  in  place  of  the  same  amount  of  gold  to  be 
withdrawn  from  circulation  ;  this,  as  I  said  before,  would  have  the 
effect  of  causing  a  more  extended  circulation  of  money  throughout 
the  country,  which  again  would  have  the  effect  of  creating  a  wider 
field  for  the  distribution  of  labor.     Now,  am  I  not  right,  Jo  ? 

Jo. — Yes,  1  think  you  are,  and  the  good  effects  that  would  re- 
sult would  be  only  a  question  of  time.  But  allow  me  to  ask  if  there 
do  not  exist  other  causes  why  the  sons  and  daughters  of  the 
farmers  are  so  ready  to  leave  their  homes  and  crowd  into  the  towns 
and  cities,  besides  the  desire  to  make  money  easier  and  quicker  ? 

W . — Oh,  yes  !  Yet  these  other  causes  are  the  effects  of  the 
causes  before  mentioned,  for  the  farmers  themselves,  the  great 
majority  of  them,  look  upon  farming  as  simply  a  business  specula- 
tion, and  that  it  is  really  necessary  to  make  all  the  money  possible 
in  order  to  make  it  pay  ;  this  kind  of  farming  means  hard  work  for 
all,  and  drudgery  for  the  women  folks,  and  to  escape  from  it  the 
only  refuge  is  the  city;  but  that  ain't  farming,  Jo. 

Jo. — No,  it  is  not.  Whilst  up  in  the  country  I  made  a  visit  to  a 
farm  house  where  I  often  visited  in  early  days,  and  the  old  lady  had 
much  to  say  about  the  desolate  appearance  of  the  country  now  that 
the  younger  ones  had  all  left.  "Well,"  says  she  "  the  farmers  them- 
selves are  the  cause  of  it  all,  for  all  they  thought  about  was  what 
money  they  could  make  off  the  farm,  and  they  didn't  seem  to  realize 
that  there  was  any  use  at  all  in  trying  to  fix  up  the  place  for  a 
pleasant  home  for  the  boys  and  girls,  that  would  induce  them  to 
remain  with  us;  our  boys  have  been  gone  now  for  many  years,  and 
rather  than  to  see  the  girls  worn  out  with  this  endless  drudgery, 
I  advised  them  several  years  ago  to  go  into  the  village  and  work  in 
the  factory. 

"Oh,  yes,"  she  continued  "we  have  the  farm  here  yet,  what 
there  is  left  of  it,  but  it  wouldn't  sell  for  enough  now  to  pay  off  the 
mortgage;  do  you  see  yonder  the  50-acre  lot  where  we  used  to 
raise  such  large  crops  of  corn;  it  is  all  covered  now  with  weeds  and 
briars  for  it  has  been  farmed  to  death,  and  just  see  the  poor  crows  sit- 
ting on  the  fence  beyond  ;  they,  too,  seem  to  realize  the  situation, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  359 

and  every  little  while  they  fly  over  the  cornfield  and  wonder,  I  sup- 
pose, why  the  boys  don't  start  to  planting  corn.  I  really  pity  them." 
The  old  lady  continued  by  saying  "  farming  is  not  now  what  it 
was  when  I  was  a  girl;  then  the  farmers  took  a  pride  in  fixing  up 
and  making  the  house  and  grounds  attractive,  and  there  was  a 
pleasure  then  in  living  upon  the  old  homestead  until  we  children  all 
got  married  and  moved  away.  Well,  I  am  thankful  that  my 
girls  didn't  marry  farmers;  they  are  not  wealthy,  they  both  married 
mechanics  down  in  the  village;  they  have  nice  comfortable  homes 
and  pretty  children  ;  are  happy,  and  I  am  contented,  and  I  expect 
that  we  will  soon  move  down  into  the  village,  too,  for  there  is  a  man 
here  who  wants  to  take  the  place  to  work  upon  shares  for  a  few 
years,  and  I  guess  he  can  have  it  as  long  as  he  wants  it." 

W. — Yes,  the  picture  you  have  drawn  of  that  section  of  the  coun- 
try, Jo,  will  apply  equally  as  well  to  other  parts  of  the  country, 
for  the  great  desire  to  make  money  by  farming  has  been  the  ruin 
of  some  of  our  most  valuable  farming  lands.  Well,  I  must  leave 
you  now,  but  please  tell  me,  Jo,  why  you  brought  your  mining  tools 
with  you  ?  Did  you  expect  to  strike  a  lead  on  the  way  across  the 
continent  ? 

Jo. — Well,  yes,  I  thought  it  possible.  How  is  the  bed  rock  over 
there  under  your  bank,  pitchmg  ? 

W. Yes,  but  we  don't  allow  any  prospecting  or  panning  around 

there  ;  call  in  and  see  us,  Jo,  but  don't  bring  your  mining  tools 
along,  so  good-day. 


NAMES  OF  PIONEERS. 


Following  are  the  names  of  Members  of  the  Pioneer  Association 
of  San  Francisco: 

A— A  G  Abell,  W  Ayer,  T  N  Allen,  J  P  Ames,  Dr  Austin.  O  Allison, 
W  Armstrong, Mrs  W  Armstrong,  J  S  G  Armstrong,  W  Aukers, F  Adams, 
L  S  Adams,  J  M  Aguirre,  J  N  Applegate,  H  B  Atkins,  J  B  Atkinson, 
J  F  Attwell,  D  S  Austin,  E  Avery,  Eugene  Avy,  J  J  Ayres,  B  J  Acker- 
man,  J  C  Angell,  H  G  Austin. 

B — L  W  Bonestel,  S  A  Bishop,  J  C  Birdseye,  F  Billings,  J  Bensley, 
J  A  Bauer,  T  L  Barker,  L  L  Baker,  J  M  Buffington,  W  H  Bovee, 
E  T  Beans,  A  J  Badlam,  J  Brickell,  J  Britton,  A  Bull,  A  Badlam, 
J  Beckhart,  W  Bortwell,  G  H  Baker,  I  M  Baker,  R  S  Baker,  F  Balhaus, 
W  P  Barnes,  A  Barstow,  C  Bauni,  E  F  Beale,  C  A  Brooks,  A  Be  ice 
J  Burnett,  W  L  Beebee,  Z  Bates,  T  W  Bowen,  B  A  Becker,  S  L  Beck- 
with,  J  F  Bekeart,  F  P  Belcher,  J  Belden,  J  Benson,  C  A  Bernard, 
J  G  Birge.C  M  Blake,  C  T  Blake,  I  Blum,  I  Bluxome,  J  Boggs,  C  De 
Boice,  C  D  Bonestel,  G  Bonny,  L  A  Booth,  F  G  Borneman,  J  B  Bourne, 
A  C  Bradford,  G  B  Bradford,  A  B  Brady,  T  W  Brennan,  S  Buckingham, 
A  D  Biggs,  A  J  Biglow,  Levi  Bashford,  T  N  Brand,  F  A  Brightman, 
R  E  Brewster,  E  Briggs,  W  R  Briggs,  R  Bright,  G  Brown,  R  Brown, 
R  H  Brown,  J  Browning,  E  N  Bryan,  W  J  Bryan.  E  P  Buckley,  S  N  Bu- 
ford,  G  Burdell,  I  Burk  E  Burke,  J  W  Burnham,  I  Burns,  C  N  Burton, 
J  M  l^yrne,  G  Backus,  H  Bacon,  L  F  Baker.  M  M  Baldwin,  Ira  Brown, 
J  A  Brammer,  W  L  Bracket,  W  L  Boadly,  W  R  Baud,  J  H  K  Barbour, 
A  S  Barber,  M  O  Barber  R  Bascom,  A  J  Bailey,  G  H  Beach.  J  M  Bed- 
ford, N  Benedict,  H  Bense.  J  P  Bering,  C  Barhean.  L  G  Bingham, 
P  U  Blunt.  F  Boehmer,  J  P  Bogardus,  C  K  Bonstel,  EBonnell,  H  Bou. 
ton.  J  N  Boyd,  W  Bradford,  J  S  Bramley.  A  Brand,  S  Breck,  M  B  Bul- 
lard,  R  W  Briggs,  T  L  Briggs,  W  Brooks,  Jo  Brown,  J  Brown,  W  FBuck- 
ley,  P  K  Brown,  C  F  Bull,  A  H  Burton,  W  E  Burton,  D  Bush, 
J  P  Bush,W  E  Bushnell. 

C — P  Caduc.  W  Cantelow.  J  Caperton.  J  N  Carbonier.  A  J  Cart- 
wright,  W  F  Cashman,  A  Chaigneau,  C  H  Chamberlain,  G  Champlin, 
B  F  Channel.  E  Chauvin,  W  A  Chessman.  E  E  Chever.  A  S  Churcii.  A 
M   Church.  W  H  Clark.  A  Cornell.  H  A  Clawson.  A  A  Coffey,  T  Cole, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  361 

W  T  Coleman,  S  M  Collins,  W  H  Conly,  W  S  Cook,  J  R  Coryell,  J  M 
Coughlin,  W  if  V  Cronise,  E  Crowell,  S  Cunningham,  W  Cummings, 
jr.,  T  Cutler,  R  W  Canfield,  B  Cartwright,  L  Cary,  F  Cassin,  H  C  Cas- 
tello,  S  J  Clark.  S  Clark,  T  P  Clark,  C  D  Cleaveland,  E  B  Cooper,  A  R 
Cotton,  W  Cousins,  S  H  Covert,  G  M  Cowie,  J  H  Crossman,  J  S  Cros- 
sett,  B  C  Currier,  W  Cummings,  J  S  Currie,  W  Currier,  J  Cushing,  H 
Cassanover,  G  Chesley,  J  Clement,  E  O  Crosby,  C  Cole,  H  D  Cogswell, 
T  Caswell,  J  Center,  R  Chenery,  W  T  Coleman,  P  B  Cornwall,  A  Camp- 
bell, C  S  Capp,  H  W  Carpentier,  J  D  Carr. 

D — G  Dornin,  W  Downie,  J  Z  Davis,  Peter  Dean,  B  O  Devoe,  S  P 
Derney,  H  L  Dodge,  J  W  Dutton,  J  O  Dominis,  W  Dunphy,  C  K 
Daugherty,  B  Davidson,  A  E  Davis,  W  J  Davis,  J  B  Dayton,  S  Deal,  T 
R  Dean,  J  R  Deane,  F  P  Deering,  J  De  Forest,  C  Dietrich,  T  Dillon,  J 
D  Dolan,  W  B  Dolan,  P  J  Donahue,  H  Donnelly,  W  G  Doolittle,  D  W 
Douthitt,  H  C  Downing,  R  C  Downs,  S  Drake.  |  A  Drinkhouse,  J  Du 
Bois,  C  A  C  Duisenberg,  W  S  Duncan,  H  Dutard,  W  Dutton,  H  A 
Dana,  J  Davis.  W  G  Davis,  J  H  Deering,  H  Degroot,  D  D  Demerest,  J 
H  Demerest,  A  P  Dennison,  A  M  Dobbie,  W  B  H  Dobson,  F  Doud,  N 
L  Drew,  J  S  Drum,  J  K  Dunbar,  F  M  Durney,  A  Dyer. 

E— J  O  Earl,  J  G  Eastland,  W  M  Eady,  H  H  Ellis,  J  Emerie, 
W  B  Ewer.  C  J  Eaton,  A  Eberhart,  D  J  Edgar,  A  L  Edwards,  G  H  Eggers, 
J  S  Ellis,  E  E  Eyre,  C  Eastman,  C  Elsey,  W  C  Ervin,  C  E  Evans. 
A  jM  Ebbetts. 

F — A  T  Parish,  R  S  Farrally,  G  L  Faulkner,  C  Fernald,  J  H  Fish 
F  Foley,  S  Folger,  C  Ford,  G  W  Foster,  O  H  Frank,  W  Freeborn,  M  D 
Fairchild,  W  Fallon,  D  W  Fanning,  R  B  Farnian,  F  W  Faulkner,  C 
Fieldstead,  P  J  Finley,  J  Fleming,  W  E  Fleming,  J  H  Flickinger,  W  T 
Fonda,  W  Ford,  J  R  Fouratt,  J  N  Eraser,  H  Fried,  J  G  Fair,  J  C  Fall, 
C  F  Fargo,  W  B  Farrell,  C  N  Felton,  S  J  Field,  A  B  Forbes,  J  D 
Fry,  E  B  Freeland,  H  Fowler,  J  D  Fremery, 

Cr — J  Gambs,  J  H  Gardiner,  J  Gardiner,  SGardiner,  J  R  Garniss,  C  M 
Gaskin,  A  C  Gray,  W  L  Geary,  D  Ghirardelli,  J  L  Gibson  C  Girvan,  J 
Gordon,  S  J  Gower,  W  G  Graham,  J  R  Grant,  W  H  Grattan,  J  Graves, 
S  C  Gray,  G  W  Grayson,  E  Green,  H  E  Greene,  M  Gaffney,  J  S  Garcia, 
G  Gedge,  H  G  Gibson.  J  Goodridge,  H  C  Goodyear,  G  S  Graham,  A 
Green,  J  Green,  S  M  Guyton.  N  T  Graves,  CVS  Gibbs,  S  B  Gerry,  G  C 
Gorham,  G  W  Gibbs. 

H— G  Hagar,  A  S  Hall,  E  Hall,  G  H  Hallett,  R  M  Hamilton,  T 
Hardy,  C  II  Harrison,  W  B  Harrub,  D  N  Hastings,  EOF  Hastings,  J 
Hatch,  C  Hathaway,  H  D  Hawks,  J  H  Hegler,  A  Herume,  DVB 
Henarie,  J  Hendy,  B  E  Henricksen,  J  B  Henry,  C  B  Henlsey,  W  Hesse, 
E  R  Highton,  W  McP  Hill,  G  S  Hinsdale,  J  S  Homer,  G  F  Hooper,  C 


552  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Hosmer,  C  B  Houghton,  H  D  Hudson,  S  Huff,  E  Hull,  P  O  Hundley, 
W  B  Hunt.  J  Huntoon,  E  P  Hutchins,  G  Hyde,  F  M  Hackett,  H  Hale, 
T  Hale,  B  Hall,  G  S  Hall,  G  D  Hall,  D  B  Hannah,  R  S  Hardin,  JAM 
Harned,  W  P  Harrington,  Wm  P.  Harrington.  D  D  Harris,  J  H  Harris, 
L  B  Harris,  J  C  Harvey,  E  W  Haskell,  J  M  Haskell,  C  W  Haskins,  P 
Hastings.  J  Healy,  J  F  Heeseman,  W  C  Hendricks,  S  Herrmann,  E  E 
Hewitt,  F  A  Hihn.  B  Hill,  W  H  Hilton,  A  F  Hinchman,  II  B  Hixson, 
J  iM  Hixon,  N  Holland  S  W  Holladay,  G  J  Hobe,  R  Hankurst,  H  High- 
ton,  J  S  Hittell,  H  Havens,  E  V  Hathaway,  J  G  Halock,  S  C  Hastings, 
A  K  P  Harmon,  J  D  Hunt,  R  P  Hammond,  W  D  Hunt,  Isaac  Hyde, 
D  H  Haskell,  J  S  Hager,  W  j  Higgins,  B  Haynes,  D  N  Hawley. 

J — F  Jerome,  F  G  E  Janssen,  A  W  Jee,  E  B  Jerome,  J  H  Jewett, 
C  Johnson,  G  A  Johnson,  J  K  Johnson,  W  Jones,  R  Jordon,  R  Jacks- 
S  L  James,  W  Jeftray,  J  W  Jenkins,  O  Jones,  S  D  Jones,  J  Jordan, 
E  B  Jorgenson,  C  Juste. 

K — C  J.  King,  T  P  Krusbury,  J  L  Kleiser,  W  Klumpp,  G  A  Knoche, 
C  W  Kraemer,  P  Kraner,  J  Kane,  J  M  Keeler,  P  J  G  Kenna,  J  Kier- 
man,  H  Kilham,  C  P  Kimball,  T  King,  C  A  Kirkpatric,  S  A  Knapp, 
J  E  Knoche,  H  Koster,  A  F  Krager,  F  H  Krauth.  A  Kuner,  P  W  Kcyser, 
H  L  King,  W  F  Knox,  M  Kane,  E  Kruse,  J  R  Kelly  T  J  Knipe. 

L— J  H  Lick,  H  C  Ladd,  A  O  Larkin,  A  Lask,  W  B  Latham, 
B  G  Lathrop.  H  W  Lawrence,  F  Lawton,  G  Leviston,  W  Leviston, 
J  T  Little,  O  Livermore,  S  M  Locke,  C  Lohse,  W  J  Lowry,  A  Ludlam, 
F  Lux,  W  C  Lynde,  W  S  Lyon,  J  Laffin,  T  T  Laine,  L  Lamberton, 
G  F  Lamsen,  J  B  Larcombe,  J  V  Lawrence,  J  Lawson,  W  G  Lee,  A  Leon- 
ard, H  C  Leonard,  J  Lermen,  M  Levy,  H  M  Lewis,  B  P  Lilenthall 
H  B  Livingston,  B  F  Lowe,  H  Luchsinger,  J  B  Luther,  W  T  Luther, 
P  Lynch,  J  T  Little,  J  F  Lohse,  C  Lohse,  A  A  Louderback,  F  F  Low, 
W  M  Lent,  J  P  Leese,  C  F  Lott,  L  R  Lull,  I  W  Lees. 

M— C  C  Moore,  J  Moore,  J  H  Moore,  T  W  Moore,  T  Moore,  A  P 
More,  A  B  Moore,  J  S  Morgan,  A  J  Morrell,  O  Mowry,  N  B  Mulville, 
B  D  Murphy,  P  W  Murphy,  R  P  Mace,  J  H  Mallett,  W  G  Marcy,  J  M 
Marden,  E  B  Marsh,  A  Martin,  W  H  Martin,  A  J  Mason,  N  K  Masten, 
H  Mathews,  T  J  Mattison,  P  McAdams,  F  J  McCann,  J  C  McCeney,  H 
McCormick,  R  McGarvey,  J  McGuire,  R  H  Mcllroy,  J  H  McKane,  J 
T  McKenzie.  H  B  McNeil.  J  McPhee,  G  B  Melius,  F  G  Merchant,  N 
Merrill,  R  S  Mesick,  D  E  Miller,  A  G  Mitchell,  G  I  N  Monell,  I  A 
Moody,  L  W  Moore,  A  Morateur,W  E  Morford,  S  A  Morrison,  G  Morrow, 
J  Munro,  T  Murphy,  J  C  Murray,  W  Murray,  H  Mygatt,  A  C  Mack,  J 
A  Mack.  AV  Macondray,  J  Madden,  J  E  Magar>%  D  Mahoney,  L  Mark- 
ley,  W  Marple,  E  R  Marsellus,  D  P  Marshall,  E  C  Marshall,  J  L  Martell, 
M   S  Martin,  S  B  Martin,   T  D  Mathewson,  R  H  McDonald,  J  T  Mc 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  363 

Dougall,  E  McGary,  D  McKay,  S  McKee,  J  McKenty,  J  B  McMinn,  C 
F  Mebius,  A  Mecartney,  W  N  Meeks,  H  J  Melius,  G  Metcalfe.  S  P  Mid- 
dleton.  J  \V  Miller,  L  R  Mills,  W  A  Mix,  J  Moffitt,  D  B  Moody,  J  L 
Moody,  I  McDonough,  A  B  McCreary,  A  Mosley,  J  S  Morgan,  T  W 
Mulford,  L  B  Mizner,  A  Massey,  J  McComb,  H  McAllister,  C  Main,  H 
N  Morse,  A  Montgomery,  R  H  McDonald,  E  E  W  McKinstry,  Louis 
McLane. 

|^_J  A  Nichols,  J  E  Nutting,  H  L  Nachtigall,  W  H  Nash,  C  G 
Nickerson,  T  Niebour,  S  K  Nurse,  G  D  Nagle,  J  Nightingale,  D  Nor- 
cross. 

0— J  J  O'Farrell,  H  J  Ostrander,  S  Otis.  M  P  O'Connor,  J  A  Oliver, 
I  Overton,  J  B  Overton. 

p_N  C  Paddock,  H  Palmer,  H  C  Patridge,  G  W  Patterson,  G  H 
Peck,  J  B  Peck,  A  S  Peterson,  J  Pforr,  G  Phillips,  Pio  Pico,  J  Pink- 
ham,  I  Polhamus,  Jr,  E  Pooley,  O  C  Pope,  G  K  Porter,  H  Porter,  F  H 
Pratt,  J  W  Probasco,  D  B  Provost,  J  Pullman,  N  W  Palmer,  H  H 
Parkell,  G  C  Parkinson,  B  Pasquale,  R  Patterson,  J  H  Paty,  F  S  Par- 
ker, H  Paul,  R  H  Paul,  J  S  Peck,  W  H  Peckham,  J  W  Pennell,  E  S 
Perkins,  E  R  Perrin,  L  Perrin,  H  E  Perrine,  G  J  Phelan,  C  B  Phelps, 
H  Philips,  G  Pierson,  I  B  Pine,  A  Poett,  J  Pownall,  W  H  Pratt,  W  W 
Presbury,  A  B  Preston,  W  E  Price,  S  L  Prindle,  S  Purdy,  Jr.,  C  M  Plum, 
A  Powell,  W  Patton,  J  Phelan,  A  E  Phelps,  T  G  Phelps,  W  A  Piper. 
J  F  Pope,  O  C  Pratt,  L  Pickering,  J  Palache,  F  Pixley,  J  Pinkham. 

g__C  M  Radcliff,  F  Roland,  S  S  Rowe,  I.  F  Rowell,  P  R  Ryan, 
J  M  Ryder,  C  F  Reed,  E  P  Reed,  W  F  Reed,  W  I  Reed,  J  Regan, 
B  J  Reid,  J  Revalk,  E  B  Reynolds,  W  Richardson,  J  B  Richmond, 
J  H  Robertson,  H  Robinson,  J  A  Robinson,  R  Boblnson,  G  H  Rogers, 
J  Ross,  A  J  Roulstone,  W  G  Rudortf,  J  H  Russell,  W  M  Ryer,  C  T  Ry- 
land,  J  H  Redington,  C  Reis,  F  Reis,  E  M  Root,  M  R  Roberts, 
A  G  Russ,  J  W  Randell,  W  C  Randolph,  H  Reed,  E  L  Reese,  P  J  Reily, 
W  Renney,  J  Ringot,  A  Robinson,  J  C  Robinson,  W  Reed. 

S — P  de  Saisset,  L  Sanborn,  J  A  Schmidt,  C  Schrath,  J  G  W 
Schulte,  R  M  Sherman,  W  Simmons,  J  C  Scribner,  C  H  Seymour,  J 
Sickles,  C  H  Simpkins,  W  Simpson,  Rt  Simpson,  C  Smith,  R  E  Snook, 
W  S  Snook,  J  Snyder,  C  J  Spaulding,  J  I  Spear,  J  S  Spinney,  F  Soule 
Jr,  R  J  Stevens,  G  W  Stilwell,  H  Storm,  C  H  Stribing,  C  D  Stuart,  I 
Swain,  F  S  Sunderland,  G  A  Swasy,  W  F  Swasy,  E  H  Sawyer,  M  Scholl, 
L  Schorffy,  J  W  Scott,  T  O  Selfridge.  J  Selling,  I  N  Seuter,  W  T  Sher- 
man, J  Singley,  E  C  Smith,  E  M  Smith,  Elijah  M  Smith,  H  M  Smith, 
M  Sounes,  T  Spear,  W  W  Standeford,  D  Standeford,  A  M  Starr,  R 
Stege,  C  Stevens,  J  F  Stirling,  E  F  Stone,  L  Storry,  J  Strentzel,  C  T 
Stumcke,  M  Sullivan,   W  Summerhays,  A  Sutter,   R  S  Swanston.   A 


364  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Selover,  G  A  Shurtleff,  L  Sloss,  D  J  Staples,  J  Stanford,  R  Simson,  N 
Searls.  W  J  Shaw.  W  N  Shelly,  J  Short,  B  F  Sterrett,  C  E  Stone,  C  R, 
Story,  C  H  Stoutenborough,  D  Standeford,  A  B  Stout,  J  D  Stevenson, 
B  Shurtleff,  B  V  S.irgant,  J  P  Sargent,  O  V  Sawyer,  T  B  Shannon. 

T— J  P  Taylor,  J  F  Taylor,  S  N  Taylor,  W  S  R  Taylor,  R  Thompson, 
R  R  Thompson,  T  AThomsen,  J  K  Thorndyke.  H  H  Thrall,  W  J  Til- 
ley.  F  Tillman,  A  Torrey,  W  J  Towne,  E  W  Travers.  J  B  Truvido,  M  G 
Tucker,  A  C  Taylor,  H  W  Taylor,  J  N  Taylor,  H  F  Teschemacher,  G  W 
Thomas,  D  W  Thompson,  I  D  Thompson,  Rt  Thompson,  VV  N  Thomp- 
B  K  Thorn,  II  S  Tibbey.  H  N  Tilden,  W  P.  Toler,  J  H  M  Townsend,  G 
Treat,  R  O  Tripp,  J  C  Tucker,  R  M  Turner,  M  H  Turrill,  W  J  Tustin, 
T  Tennent,  C  Taylor,  L  Tevis,  F  Tillman,  J  H  Turney. 

U— J  C  Udall. 

V— W  K  Van  Allen,  A  W  Von  Schmidt.  W  Vandyke,  T  Vanburen, 
W  W  Vanderbilt,  R  Vandercook,  J  C  Vandervoot,  L  Van  Orden, 
C  H  Voit,  J  H  Von  Schmidt,  H  Voorman,  W  Valentine,  R  N  Van  Brunt, 
J  Van  Dyk. 

W— W  F  White,  A  Williams,  J  P  Wentworth,  F  Vassault,  A  Wheeler 
E  D  Wheeler,  P  White.  P  Welch,  J  T  Wright.  A  Weihe.  J  C  L  Wads- 
worth.  J  Vonbergen,  C  T  Ward,  R  White,  J  H  Widber,  H  F  Williams, 
J  C  Winans,  J  M  Wood,  G  S  Wright,  B  F  W^hittimore,  C  L  Wilson, 
R  Wilson,  C  S  Wood,  H  Wetherbee,  H  O  Wait,  T  P  Wales,  R  R  Wal- 
lace, H  H  Warburton,  H  C  Ward,  W  H  Ware,  W  Warner,  A  Wason, 
Js  W  Waters,  Jo  W  Waters,  J  R  Welch,  W  B  West,  F  E  Weston, 
J  S  Wethered,  J.  M  White,  S  Wood,  H  H  Worley. 

Y— T  York,  W  J  Younger. 

Ex-Members  of  San  Francisco  Pioneer  Association. 

A — John  H  Adams.  William  H  Adams.  William  Adrian.  George 
Aikin.  David  W  Alexander.  James  M  Allen,  Robert  H  Allen.  Nathan 
H  Ambler,  T  Mather  Ames.  Aug  P  Anderson,  John  G  Anderson, 
William  N  Anderson,  Victor  P  Andiquet.  Myron  Angel.  Charles  A. 
Angelo.  William  C  Annan.  Joseph  Aram.  William  Arrington,  Joseph 
Assion,  Fred  Atkinson,  Henry  Atwood,  Thomas  L  Aubert,  Franklin  B. 
Austin,  Henry  Austin. 

B — Jefferson  T.  Babcox,  Thomas  W  Badger,  Oscar  J  Backus,  J  Snow- 
den  Bacon.  Robert  P  Bagley.  John  D  Bagnall.  Hiram  S  Baldwin.  David 
L  Blanchard,  Hypolite  Blanchard,  John  C  Bland,  Henry  G  Blankman, 
James  E  Blethen,  I  D  Bluxome,  Edward  E  Bolton,  H  Toler  Boorem, 
Samuel  W  Booring,  Theodore  Boschulse.  Russel  Bourne.  Asa  M  Bowen, 
Pcrlcy  M  Bowen.  A  Bradbury,  C  H  Bradford.  Isaac  Branham.  Thomas 
Brannan.  James    F    Breen.  John  Breen,   Simon  P  Breen,  James  J  A 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  365 

Brice,  Charles  P  Briggs,  Sebra  Briggs,  Joseph  D  Bristol,  Alexander 
Brizard,  George  Brooks,  J  W  Brooks,  Stephen  S  Brooks,  Walter  Brooks, 
W  H  J  Brooks,  William  Brothers,  Robert  H  Brotherton,  Samuel  Q 
Broughton,  De  WittC  Brown,  Fielding  C  Brown,  H  S  Brown,  Richard 
Brown  ist,  Richard  Brown  2d,  Warren  Brown,  John  Q  A  Ballou,  Domi- 
nique Baque,  Charles  Barker,  Samuel  Barrell,  John  J  Barry,  Joseph  F 
Bassett,  Marshall  A  K  Bates,  Morris  S  Bates,  Philip  Bates,  T  G  Battaile, 
Horace  Beach,  IDC  Beach,  John  L  Beard,  Amos  F  Beardsley,  A  S 
Beaty,  Andrew  B  Beauvais,  John  S  Beener,  Edwin  Bell,  De  Witt  C 
Benham,  John  M  Bennett,  R  H  Bennett.  William  C  Bennett,  Winston 
Bennett.  E  S  Benson,  Joseph  A  Benton,  R  G  Berford,  Alexander 
Beritzhoff,  WJIiam  R  Bernard,  August  Besson,  Charles  S  Biden,  Henry 
C  Bidwell,  John  Bidwell,  Andrew  J  Binney,  Isaac  Bird,  Lewis  A  Birdsall 
Robert  Birnie,  William  W  Black,  O  P  Blackman,  Calvin  T  Blake, 
William  H  Brown,  Willie  Bruns,  B  Bryant,  George  W  Bryant,  William 
L  Bryant,  John  C  Buchanan,  Vincent  P  Buckley,  James  L  Buftord,  Nor- 
man Bugbee  Albert  Buhlert,  D  S  K  Buick,  John  C  Bull,  Frederick  P 
Burch,  William  Burgoyne,  Peter  H  Burnett,  George  M  Burnham, 
George  W  Burns,  Levi  Burr,  Cuthbert  Burrell,  Edward  M  Burrows, 
James  Burt,  James  M  Burt,  Fred  S  Butler, 

C — Joseph  G  Cady,  Augustus  Caldwell,  John  Cameron,  Peter  Camp- 
bell, William  Canby,  William  Cantield,  James  RCapell,  William  M  Card, 
Emile  H  Cardinet,  J  N  Cardozo,  George  N  Cardwell,  Pedro  C  Carillo, 
Charles  Carl,  Charles  F  Carl,  Augustine  D  Carpenter,  Miles  B  Carpenter, 
H  Garrison,  Charles  D  Carter  Jr,  John  Carter,  J  R  Cassell,  Isadore 
Cavasso,  William  Chambenain,  Charles  Chapelain,  H  A  Charles, 
Albert  H  Clark,  John  A  Clark.  P  B  Clark,  William  Clark,  William  S 
Clark,  Henry  Classen,  Hugh  J  Clayton,  George  W  Claxton,  Lambert  B 
Clements,  John  C  Coachman,  Absalom  Cochell,  John  Cochrane,  Henry 
W  Coe,  C  Columbus  Coffin,  J  Henry  Coghill,  James  H  Cogswell,  Edward 
Coker,  Thomas  W  Colburn,  John  O  Cole,  Josiah  L  Cole,  Alonzo  N 
Coleman,  Charles  ]  Collins,  John  A  Collins,  J  Carman  Combes, 
A  M  Comstock,  Michael  Connelly,  Alexander  Coney,  G  W  Conkling, 
W  H  Conrad,  Channing  H  Cook,  Charles  W  Cook,  J  Carroll  H  Cook, 
William  H  Cook,  Ambrose  I  T  Cooper.  Stephen  Cooper,  William  M 
Cooper,  Arthur  Cornwall,  Arthur  W  Cornwall,  Louis  Corriveau,  Benja- 
min Cory,  James  M  Cory,  E  P  Cotting,  Edward  D  Cox,  G  C  Cox,  Solon 
W  Craigue,  Charles  H  Crane,  George  R  Crary,  E  W  Crowell,  William  H 
Crowell,  R  G  Crozier,  Hiram  Cummings,  Henry  K  Cummings,  John 
Currey,  Lucian  Curtis,  Samuel  T  Curtis,  Wilbur  Curtiss,  Charles  D 
Gushing,  William  J  Connor. 

D — Edward  Daly,  John  Daubenbiss,  Peter  Davidson,  George  H 
Davis,  Hamlet  Davis,  William  H  Davis,  George  W  Deans,  Thomas  M  J 


366  THE  ARGOXAUIS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Dehon,  Isaac  E  Delavan,  Richard  S  Den,  Samuel  L  Dewey,  Alfred  De 
Witt,  R  d'Heureuse,  Wilhelm  Dieterich,  Daniel  S  Dikeman,  P  W  Dillon, 
David  Ding,  MathewW  Dixon.  Nathan  A  Doan,  Robert  R  Dodge,  Jean 
Don,  John  Donegan  William  Y  Douglass,  Simon  J  Downing,  William 
H  Downing,  Eugene  B  Drake,  Joseph  W  Drew,  James  R  Duff,  John 
Duff,  Anthony  Dukin,  William  A  Dunbar,  Robert  Duncan,  J  Shade 
Dungan,  Patrick  Dunn,  John  H  Dunnell,  Warren  P  Durbin,  William  W 
Durham,  Job  F  Dye. 

E — Thomas  Eager.  Anthony  Y  Easterby,  Frank  G  Easterby,  James 
W  Eastin,  William  H  Eastman,  Edward  B  Eaton,  Henry  Eaton,  Edward 
A  Edgerton,  John  Ellery,  S  F  Elliott,  Charles  D  Elliott,  T  Ellsworth, 
Stephen  R  Ellsworth,  Silas  B  Emerson,  William  J  Ennis,  Alexander  C 
Erkson  John  Erskine,  jr.,  Robert  H  Evans. 

J" — Jean  Fagothey,  Solomon  R  Fairchild,  Nelson  H  Falkinberg, 
Malachi  Fallon,  Richard  J  Falls,  Charles  H  Fancher,  J  W  Farrington, 
J  M  Farwell,  Charles  Fenderickoff,  Horace  R  Ferre,  Edward  Feusier, 
Hercules  Fidler,  Albert  E  Field,  M  William  Fifer,  Joseph  W  Finley, 
Joseph  Fischer,  William  H  Fish,  George  W  Fisher,  George  K  Fitch, 
James  Fitton,  Ezekiel  Fitzgerald,  C  J  Flatt.  Samuel  Flower,  George  H 
Fogg,  Hiram  Fogg,  William  D  Folger,  Edmund  I  Folsom,  Pliny  F 
Forbes,  Edward  Ford,  Jerome  B  Ford,  Jerome  C  Ford,  William  H  Ford, 
Albert  Foster,  William  Foster,  William  H  Fountain,  Charles  J  Fox, 
Jacob  Frankfurt,  Leopold  Franke,  William  Free,  Hervey  R  French, 
William  Friel,  William  J  Frierson,  Daniel  Frink. 

Q — A  K  Gage,  S  Gamage.  A  J  Gambill,  Andrew  Garr,  B  L  C  Gauv- 
reau,  Samuel  Geddes.  Joseph  Genella,  Amzi  W  Genung,  Henry  G  Gian- 
nini,  Edward  Giddings,  Joseph  Giess,  Charles  V  Gillespie,  David  Gil- 
lespie. Anton  Gintz,  Robert  R  Givens,  William  H  Gladwin,  James  R 
Glassgow,  James  H  Gleason,  James  T  Glenn,  George  R  Gliddon,  Wil- 
liam E  Goldsmith,  M  J  Goodfellow,  Lewis  Goodwin,  William  M  Good- 
year, James  Gordon,  James  E  Gordon,  Charles  H  Gough,  Levi  A  Gould, 
John  C  Gould  in,  John  V  Gowen,  George  T  Graff,  John  Gray,  jr.,  Ned 
Grayson,  Alfred  A  Green,  George  W  Green,  Talbot  H  Green,  Clay  M 
Greene,  C  Grellet,  Geoige  Gretton,  B  P  Griflin,  George  W  Griffin, 
George  I  Grifliing,  John  W  Griffith,  William  A  Grover,  Frederick  C 
Gummer,  Lewis  C  Gunn.  Charles  W  Gunnell. 

]g[ — Matthew  J  Haan,  John  Hagan,  Andrew  J  Haight,  Lansing 
Haight,  Erasmus  W  Haines,  Henry  Hale,  Henry  M  Hale,  E  G  Hall, 
Edward  M  Hall,  James  Hall,  2d,  John  Halls,  Alpheus  Hamblen,  J  Ham- 
ilton, Ed  D  Hammond,  James S  Handlin,  William  W  Hancy,  Benjamin 
T  Hanford,  Green  Hanna,  John  Hanna,  ist,  John  Hanna,  2d,  William 
W  Hannes,  George  M  Hanson,  Charles  M  Harding,  William  Hargrave, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  367 

Martin  K  Harkness,  James  Harlow,  Henry  Harris,  ist,  Thomas  A  Har- 
ris, J  V  Harrison,  Lawrence  Hart,  Henry  Hartmann,  M  M  Harvey,  H  A 
Harvill,  William  P  Haskell,  William  F  Hassell,  John  H  Haste,  Samuel 
A  Hastings,  William  F  Hastings,  James  B  Hatch,  Charles  W  Hathaway, 
Isaac  J  Hattabough,  Rudolph  li  Hay,  Michael  Hayes,  Wade  Hays, 
W  Hazelton,  Kelsey  Hazen,  Charles  S  Healy,  William  Hendsicks,  Wal- 
ter Herron,  Alexander  M  Hess,  James  B  Hess,  R  d'  Heureuse,  John  B 
Hewson,  Daniel  Higgins,  Uriah  Higgins,  A  S  Hight,  George  V  Hight, 
H  A  Hill,  J  Bryant  Hill,  B  Frank  Hilliard,  Edwin  W  Hiller,  Edward  W 
Hitchings,  Horace  Hoag,  John  A  Hoan,  William  H  Hoburg,  H  Henry 
Hocker,  Richard  Hockman  Francis  Hoen,  David  B  Hoffman,  Simon 
HolTman,  Calvin  H  Holmes,  James  Holohan,  C  Homer,  Walter  Honon, 
William  Hood,  Albert  F  Hoogs,  Casper  T  Hopkins,  George  W  Hop- 
kins, James  A  Hopkins,  John  M  Horner,  Abraham  J  Houghtaling, 
Thomas  Houseworth,  Edward  B  How,  B  H  Howell,  Elijah  P  Howell, 
Caspar  Huber,  Henry  F  Huber,  George  B  Hudson,  James  M  Hudspeth, 
Laurent  Huerstell,  Lucien  B  Huff,  Benjamin  P  Hugg,  Asa  Hull,  David 
W  Hunt,  Andrew  Hunter,  P  Schuyler  Hunter,  Thomas  Huntington,  F 
A  Hussey,  William  M  Hussey,  Charles  Hutchins,  William  A  Hutch- 
inson, W  P  Hazelton,  William  G  Huff. 

J — William  S  Jacks,  R  C  Jacobs,  Augustus  Jacoby,  William  T  Jame- 
son William  A  January,  J  S  Jenkins,  Robert  S  Jenkins,  Theodore  F 
Jerome,  William  C  Jewett,  Frank  S  Johnson,  Joseph  R  Johnson,  Eras- 
tus  V  Joice,  Edward  Jones,  H  P  Jones,  Hugh  S  Jones,  John  W  Jones, 
Samuel  H  Jones,  Nathaniel  Jones,  Robert  Joseph i. 

K — Harold  L  Kampi,  Frank  E  Kane,  John  Kays,  James  Kearney, 
James  Kellogg,  Alfred  W  Kelly,  C  O  Kelly,  William  A  Kelly,W  F  Kel- 
sey Daniel  Kendrick,  George  Kennedy,  J  Horace  Kent,  George  Kent- 
field,  James  R  Keogh',  James  H  Keown,  Samuel  F  Kern,  Francis'D 
Ketchum,  Ralph  L  Kilburn,  D  W  Kimball,  Gardiner  C  Kimball,  George 
H  Kimball,  Leonidas  F  Kimball,  William  A  King,  George  W  Kinney, 
Richard  C  Kirby,  F  M  Kittredge,  James  E  Kitts,  Seth  R  Kneeland, 
Frederick  F  Knipe,  N  W  Knowlton,  Charles  C  Knox,  Louis  G  Kohler, 
John  C  Kunze. 

L— Henry  W  J  Labatt,  Joseph  J  Labatt,  Samuel  K  Labatt,  W  Frank 
Ladd,  Edmund  Laffan,  C  W  Lander,  Ebenezer  Lane,  Thomas  O  Larkin, 
jr.,  Frank  M  La  Roche,  A  Larrain,  James  Larue,  Harry  J  Lask,  F  P 
Lauterwasser,  Richard  H  Law,  Albert  G  Lawrence,  James  H  Lawrence, 
Charles  W  Lawton,  James  Lea,  Daniel  Leahy,  Washington  J  Leaman, 
Jean  V  Lebert,  Bruce  B  Lee,  Franklin  V  Lee,  H  Leisewitz,  James  M 
Lemon,  J  H  Lendrum,  Hiram  Leonard.  James  B  Lewis,  James 
McM  Lewis,  William  J  Lewis,  Eugene  Lies.  Charles  Lindley, 
Curtis   H   Lindley,  Tipton  Lindsey,    Francis  J    Lippitt,  Harry   A   Lit- 


368  THE  AAGOAAUIS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

tie,  Stephen  H  Little,  Thomas  Litton,  George  A  Lloyd,  Henry  S  Loane, 
Charles  S  Lohse.  David  Long.  David  Long,  2d,  Richardson  Long,  Jo- 
seph M  Lord,  Moses  J  Lord,  William  P  Loring,  John  S  Love,  H  S 
Loveland,  L  F  Loveland, William  E  Lovett,  Anthony  W  Lowry,  Thomas 
M  Luther,  Jonathan  H  Lyman,  J  A  Lyons,  jr. 

M— Alexander  D  Macdonald,  David  Mallagh,  David  P  Mallagh, 
Armstrong  Maltbie,  Charles  Maltby,  Joseph  Manidas,  William  Mans- 
field, Joseph  Marchant,  Charles  K  Marsellus,  Charles  P  Marsh,  Mont- 
gomery Martin,  Stephen  C  Massett,  Hermann  Mast,  James  Malhewson, 
Simon  Mattingly,  Frank  T  Maynard,  John  McAllis,  Charles  McAlpin, 
John  H  McCabe,  William  McCabe,  William  R  McCall,  John  McCrack- 
an,  Samuel  McCullough,  David  McDaniel,  Freeman  McGilvery,  James 
McGlynn,  Edward  McGowan,  William  H  McGrew,  John  G  McKavaher, 
David  McKee,  James  P  McKenna,  George  R  McKenzie,  William  Mc- 
Kibbin,  Orlando  McKnight,  John  McPherson,  James  McVea,  Alonzo 
Meacham,  George  \V.  Meacham,  Charles  H  Mead,  Thomas  B  Meader, 
Frederick  M  Mebius,  Edwin  R  Medbery,  jr.,  Theodor  Meeiz,  William 
M  Mendenhall,  Felix  Mercado,  Isaac  G  Messec,  Edwin  Miller,  llilliard 
M  Miller,  John  H  Miller,  James  L  Miller,  William  E  Miller,  Jacob  A 
Moerenhout,  Francis  Mondelet,  William  D  Mongan,  Burdett  H  Mon- 
son,  Louis  Montgaillard,  George  H  Montgomery,  John  Montgomery, 
George  Moody,  Alexander  Moore,  John  H  Moore,  John  S  Moore,  James 
H  Morgan,  Louis  E  Morgan,  Perry  Morrison,  Samuel  Morrison,  J  W 
Morse,  Gordon  N  Mott,  Adolph  C  Muller,  Oscar  E  Muller,  John  M 
Murphy,  Richard  Murphy,  Charles  Murray,  Robert  Murray,  Harris 
Myers. 

N" — John  Nagel,  William  Neagle,  Jeremiah  Nelson,  Thomas  Nelson, 
Elisha  Nichols,  John  M  Nichols,  John  Nicholson,  Pierre  Noisat,  Mi- 
chael Nolan,  Bernard  Nordheimer,  Samuel  Norris,  John  D  Noyes. 

0 — John  F  O'Bryon,  William  O'Farrell,  John  Ogilvie,  Allen  Oliver, 
William  T  O'Neale,  James  L  Ord,  Pacificus  Ord,  William  R  O'Reilly, 
S  L  G  Osborne,  P  H  Owens. 

P — Albert  Packard,  Charles  A  Paige,  Horace  J  Paine,  Albert  Painter, 
Walter  M  Painter,  Clinton  Palmer,  Cyrus  Palmer,  Noah  Palmer, 
J  L  Pangburn,  Fred  J  Parcells,  John  J  Parcells,  William  H  Parcells, 
Charles  L  Parent,  Charles  L  Parent  Jr,  Charles  F  Parker,  William  A 
Parker,  William  C  Parker,  M  A  Parkhurst,  Samuel  E  Paster,  William 
Patterson,  Almarin  B  Paul,  A  W  Peabody,  Joseph  A  Peabody,  James 
Pearson,  James  G  Pearson,  Robert  F  Peckham,  Joshua  H  Peirce,  James 
E  Pelham,  John  C  Pelton,  John  C  Pelton  Jr,  Joseph  Pennypacker,  John 
J  Pensani,  Charles  C  Peters,  Charles  M  Peterson,  Edouard  Petibeau, 
Bethuel  Phelps,  John  Phillips,  Joseph  Phillips,  Nathaniel  T  Phillips, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  369 

Eugene  K  Phipps,  Andrew  J  Piercy,  David  J  Piercy,  Edward  M  Piercy, 
Joseph  D  Pierson,  James  F  Pike,  Rudolph  K  Piotrowski,  Andrew  J 
Pitman,  Frank  M  Pixley,  William  J  Pleasants,  Charles  G  G  Plummer, 
T  S  Pomeroy,  David  M  Pool,  William  P  Pool,  Horace  E  Pope,  William 
H  Porter,  Frederick  L  Post,  John  W  Powell,  Conrad  Prag,  William  W 
Pratt,  Carl  Precht  Jr,  William  P  Prescott,  George  H  Preston,  John  B 
Price,  Rodman  M  Price,  Frank  S  Provost. 

Q, — John  C  Quinn. 

R — Charles  M  Radcliflf,  Reuben  E  Raimond,  Charles  H  Randall, 
Willie  W  Randall,  Benjamin  P  Rankin,  Charles  Rawson,  Ludwell  J 
Rector,  Michael  Redding.  Oscar  F  Redfield,  R  Augustus  Redman, 
John  B  Redmond,  Joseph  L  Reed,  William  H  Reed,  Robert  K  Reid, 
George  L  Reynolds,  Robert  T  Reynolds,  Thomas  R  Reynolds,  William 
Reynolds,  demons  Richardson,  Jesse  Richardson,  Samuel  A  Richard- 
son, Frederick  Ricketson,  Harrison  H  Riker,  Samuel  Robb,  Francois  H 
Robin,  Edwin  H  Robinson,  Lemuel  Robinson,  S  H  Robinson,  William 
T  Robinson,  Charles  C  Roe,  E  K  Rogers,  George  H  Rogers,  George  W 
Rogers,  James  R  Rogers,  Julius  K  Rose,T  Rosenbaum,  Charles  L  Ross, 
Edward  H  Rowe,  Edwin  A  Rowe,  Charles  C  Rueger,  John  Rueger, 
John  Rueger  Jr,  William  N  Rumwell,  Horace  A  Russell,  Horace  A 
Lussell  Jr,  John  H  Russell,  J  H  Rutenburg,  Edward  Ryan,  John  Ryan, 
Rodger  Ryan,  William  L  Ryckman,  William  G  Ryder. 

S — Pierre  Sainsevain,  Charles  M  Sainsevain,  F  A  Sampson,  A  B  Sam- 
son, John  B  Sandford,  George  Sawyer,  Moses  Schallenberger,  G  Everett 
Schenck,  Waldemar  Schleiden,  Charles  P  Schmidt,  Christopher  Schmitz 
Frank  W  T  Scholl,  Simon  Schrieber,  C  Adolph  Schweeb,  James  W 
Scott,  George  WScribner,  Peter  Sesser,  Henry  W  Severance,  John  W 
Shaw,  Samuel  Shear,  William  H  Shear,  Samuel  G  Sheldon,  William  W 
Shepard,  S  A  Sheppard,  Edwin  A  Sherman,  Thomas  E  Sherman,  Elijah 
Sherwood,  George  E  Sherwood,  Edmond  D  Shirland,  Paul  Shirley, 
Henry  C  Short,  William  H  Silverthorn,  Charles  S  Simpson,  Joseph 
Simpson,  Richard  C  Singer,  Richard  H  Sinton,  Manasseh  Sleeper, 
Thomas  J  L  Smiley,  Charles  H  Smith  2d,  David  W  Smith,  Enos  H 
Smith,  George  Smith,  George  E  Smith,  George  M  Smith,  Henry  C 
Smith,  James  B  Smith,  James  H  Smith,  Jeremiah  Smith,  Joshua  Smith, 
Napoleon  B  Smith,  Rufus  Smith,  Samuel  B  Smith,  Stephen  S  Smith, 
Willard  M  Smith,  William  B  Smith,  William  F  Smith,  Willam  G  Smith 
William  H  Smith  3d,  William  W  Smith  2d,  Henry  E  Snedeker, 
A  J  Snyder,  Charles  C  Southward,  Hervey,  Sparks,  William  Sparks, 
Adrian  Spear,  Jonas  Spect,  James  A  Sperry,  James  H  Spotts,  Charles 
J  Sprague,  Thomas  Sprague,  O  D  Squire,  Horatio  N  Squire  Jr,  Fabius 
Stanly,  Ira  Stanley,  James  Staples,  Frederick  Steinhart,  J  Pratt  Step- 


370  THE  AKGOA'AUIS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

hens,  Emile  K  Stevenot,  Charles  Stevens,  Frank  S  Stevens,  George 
Stevens,  Thomas  H  Stevens,  George  B  Stevenson,  Charles  A  Stewart, 
Samuel  Stewart,  Thomas  Stewart,  William  Stewart,  Oliver  P  Stidger, 
William  C  Stiles,  Lafayette  Stivers.  Mark  B  Stoddard,  William  J  Stod- 
dart,  James  J  Stokes,  William  C  Stokes,  Charles  L  Stone,  George  Stone- 
man,  Stephen  C  Story,  David  B  Stover,  Henry  C  Stowell,  William  J 
Stringer,  Samuel  Strong,  Jeremiah  C  Sullivan,  Frank  S  Sutton,  Owen  P 
Sutton,  Benjamin  F  Swan,  George  F  Sweeney,  Samuel  S  Sweet,  Asa  W 
Sweet,  A  C  Swift,  Samuel  T  Szaryash,  Matthew  Scott. 

T— W  H  Talmage,  Francis  A  Taylor,  Gilbert  H  Taylor,  Levi  W  Tay- 
lor, William  P  Taylor,  William  Temple,  Augustine  B  Tennent,  Conklin 
C  Terry,  Frank  Thibault,  Isaac  N  Thompson,  Joseph  P  Thompson, 
William  S  Thompson,  Monroe  Thomson,  C  Melbourne  Thorndyke, 
Isaac  N  Thorne,  Minord  S  Tresher,  James  W  Thrift,  Alexander  S  Tib- 
bey,  Lyman  C  Tibbits,  John  P  Tibbits,  R  H  Tibbits,  J  B  Timmerman, 
Albert  C  Titcomb,  James  Tobin,  Robert  J  Tobin,  Alexander  H  Todd, 
William  L  Todd,  George  B  Tolman,  James  C  Tolman,  George  W 
Toombs,  Charles  J  Torbert,  George  Torrens,  Manuel  Torres,  Manuel  S 
Torres,  Alfred  Townsend,  John  Trimble,  Charles  Trinius,  John  K 
Trumbo,  David  S  Turner,  Henry  S  Turner,  John  Turner,  William  H 
Turner,  William  M  Turner,  Oliver  B  Turrell,  Charles  Tuttle,  Joseph 
Tuttle,  George  W  Tyler. 

XJ — Eugene  A  Upton, 

V — Thomas  P  Valleau,  Andronico  A  Vallejo,  Mariano  G  Vallejo, 
Henry  Vanderveer,  John  Van  De  Water,  John  V  VanHagan,  James 
VanNess,  John  P  VanNess,  William  H  VanNess,  David  T  VanOrden, 
Samuel  VanPraag,  John  A  VanTassell,  Daniel  J  Vaughn,  Gustave 
Videau,  Jean  J  Villemeur,  George  W  Vincent  2d. 

"W"— Henry  B  Waddilove,  William  R  Wadsworth,  Robert  WagstafT, 
E  G  Waite,  Asa  Walcott,  George  S  Walker,  Thomas  ^Valker,  James 
Walsh,  J  Walton,  William  W  Warner,  Henry  S  Warren,  Albert  War- 
then,  Benjamin  F  Watkins,  Lewis  D  Watkins,  Edwin  R  Waterman, 
Nicholas  A  Watson,  William  Watson,  John  Weaver,  Alfred  H  Webb, 
Henry  Webb,  George  G  Webster,  Fred  P  Weinmann,  Henry  J  Wells, 
Robert  Wells,  Christian  Wentz,  Edwin  W  West,  Francis  H  West,  Jo- 
seph R  West,  Thomas  J  West,  Jesse  L  Wetmore,  Theodore  Wetzel, 
Georgh  Wheeler,  2d,  Horace  Z  Wheeler,  John  O  Wheeler,  Charles  E 
White,  Henry  L  White,  J  Campbell  White,  James  F  White,  James  H 
White,  Oliver  H  P  White,  William  H  H  White,  Henry  M  Whitely, 
Thomas  Whitely,  Enoch,  J  Wilber,  Jeremiah  P  Wilbur,  James  H  Wil- 
cox, Silas  Wilcox,  L  J  Wilder,  Edward  H  Wilkey,  Samuel  H  Willey, 
James  Williams,  John  F  Williams,  Stephen  G  Williams,  William  J  Wil- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  371 

liams,  Henry  M  Willis,  John  E  Wilsen,  John  R  Wilson,  Stillman  L 
Wilson,  Vitruvius  V  Wilson,  Peter  L  Wimmer,  Jonas  Winchester, 
M  L  Winn,  George  K  Winner,  Gabriel  Winter,  James  W  Winter.  L  C 
Wittenmyer,  Herman  Wohler,  Henry  J  Wolgamuth,  George  T  Wood, 
John  S  Wood,  Theodore  J  Wood,  George  A  Worn,  Valentine  M  Worth, 
William  Worthington,  J  H  Wright,  William  Wyckoff,  John  W  Wylie. 
Y — George  A  Young,  J  W  Young,  William  C  Young. 

Members  of  the  San  Joaquin  Pioneer  Association. 

A — W  D  Ashley,  J  Adams,  H  Adams,  K  E  Adams,  F  P  Adams, 
G  H  Ashley. 

B— J  Baldwin,  H  Barnhart,  A  B  Bennett,  H  B  Bishop,  A  C  Blossom, 
H  G  Boisselier,  H  B  Brown,  L  Bassilia,  J  Behaps,  C  W  Bidwell, 
L  M  Booth,  W  R  Barnes,  C  D  Benjamin,  S  Briggs,  S  Blaisdell, 
W  M  Baggs. 

C — S  Cady,  M  Caricoa,  W  M  Carson,  T  J  Chaloner,  H  A  Chaplin, 
A  Clark,  F  C  Condell,  T  Corcoran,  P  Clapp,  H  K  Clifford,  J  H  Cole 
W  Colmon,  T  A  Caldwell,  Ed  Callahan. 

D— M  J  Drais,  S  Dunham,  W  Dallas,  C  H  Diah. 

E — W  Ennis,  P  Esau,  J  J  Evans,  R  Eccleston. 

F— H  S  Farrington,  Wm  J  Floyd,  H  M  Planning,  J  W  Farley, 
S  H  Fickett,  E  Fiske,  P  Fitzgerald,  J  H  Field,  J  M  Fowler,  W  F  Free- 
man. 

Q- — T  W  Gilbert,  J  Ginn,  A  Girard,  C  Grattan,  J  Grattan,  J  Greer, 
GAL  Gransky,  C  Grupe,  H  C  Gillingham,  Wm  Graham,  Geo  Gray, 
John  Gross. 

H — B  C  Harris,  H  Hall,  I  D  Hamilton,  J  W  Hammond,  N  Harrison, 
H  Harrold,  T  D  Heiskell,  E  Hildreth,  J  M  Hogan,  Huntley,  J  Hale, 
H  Hamilton,  C  L  Hamilton,  J  B  Harelson,  A  M  Harris,  H  H  Hewlett, 
H  Hodgkins,  W  L  Howell. 

I— W  C  Israel. 

J — P  F  Jahant,  G  A  Jahant,  W  Johnson. 

K— O  P  Kallenbach,  P  L  Know,  H  C  Kraft.  I  H  Knowles,  G  M  Kas- 
son,  F  M  Kennedy. 

L— R  B  Lane,  L  Langdon,  T  Lee,  A  Leitch,  G  S  Ladd,  B  F  Langford, 
W  O  Lewis,  D  A  Learned,  T  Lucas,  J  Lovejoy,  W  Lottman. 

M — H  O  Mathews,  J  McCloskey,  S  Myers,  J  Minges,  J  L  Mowbray, 
J  K  Mead,  C  E  Murray,  M  H  Myers,  F  W  Moss,  M  Milner,  C  R  Mont- 
gomery, J  R  McDonald. 


372  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

N— E  E  Nelson,  J  Nagle. 

0— W  L  Overhiser. 

P— R  L  Patten.  J  Patterson,  O  Perrin,  J  Perott,  J  D  Peters,  H  M 
Peck.  W  H  Post,  J  Pratt,  J  Putnam  R  B  Parker,  E  Peyton,  M  D  Plum- 
mer,  H  M  Peck,  T  Pool  T  Pixley. 

R— A  J  J  Ralph,  R  K  Reid,  C  D  Reynolds,  A  Rhodes,  J  Robinson, 
W  M  Robison.  B  F  Rogers.  A  Rolland,  S  F  Rodman,  B  F  Reynolds,  R 
W  Russell,  W  N  Robinson,  L  Reiffel,  N  S  Rogers. 

S— R  C  Sargent,  C  Sedgwick,  L  Sellman,  R  G  Sharp,  J  A  Shepherd, 
G  A  Shurtleff,  W  H  Smith,  E  R  Stockwell,  J  N  Small,  H  Squires,  C  S 
Stephens,  H  C  Sargent. 

T— T  B  Taylor,  M  S  Thresher,  H  Tinkham,  F  W  Todd,  S  V  Tread- 
way,  A  J  Tibbetts,  B  F  Thompson,  J  H  Tone,  James  Turner,  T  C  Ty- 
nan. 

V— N  Vizelich,  A  Vobbe. 

•y;^_J  Wallace,  C  F  Whale,  S  Williams,  J  D  Winters,  A  Wolf,  T  S 
Wood,  C  Wagner,  R  E  Wilhoit,  Geo  West,  W  B  White,  B  F  Wat- 
rous,  W  E  Whipple. 

Y— T  Yost. 

Members  of  the  Virginia  City  Pioneer  Association,  Nevada. 

^ — C  J  Adams,  G  W  Arcularius,  R  Argens,  J  K  Alden,  W  A  Abbott, 
G  Atkinson,  D  Arison,  Wm  Ashley,  S  S  Atchinson,  J  K  Alden,  C  O 
Appeberg,  A  Amrich,  B  D  Anderson,  W  H  Atkinson,  G  L  Andrews, 
G  L  Adams. 

3 — S  Baker  C  M  Brown.  S  D  Baker,  H  Bouton,  W  O  Broadhead,  C 
Baker,  G  Bennett.  D  H  Brown.  W  A  Burton,  A  W  Burrill.  John  Briggs, 
C  L  Brown,  C  Becker,  B  C  Buzzman,  J  F  Berry,  J  S  Bowker,  L  L  Brad- 
ley, H  P  Burnham,  R  F  Brooks,  J  P  Brown,  J  F  Beach,  P  Beck. 

(J — J  L  Carter,  W  W  Coryell,  A  R  Coryell,  J  Cunningham,  Wm  Cor- 
nelius, J  R  Crane.  A  G  Caldwell,  W  M  Cary,  G  B  Coakley,  J  H  Conway, 
J  C  Clark,  J  Comerton,  C  M  Connor,  G  R  Coleman,  J  B  Cormack,  J 
Cannin,  N  J  Coleman,  J  L  Conroy,  C  Cummings,  F  W  Carr,  G  W  Che- 
dic.  M  Conway,  J  Cheneau,  J  Calemberti,  J  Claresy,  S  T  Curtis. 

J)_W  II  Dickson,  G  Daley,  W  D  Darnell,  J  Delevan,  T  J  Deer,  J  A 
Daniels,  A  Doten,  H  Donnelly,  L  Davis,  D  E  Davis,  W  Downie,  P  Da- 
lay,  J  Duffee.  A  F  Dahlgin,  L  Dallip. 

E— A  L  Edwards,  T  Eagan,  M  R  Elstner,  E  R  Elrod.  C  H  Eastman, 
W  C  Eaves,  W  H  Elliot,  W  T  Eaves.  W  Edwards,  W  T  C  Elliott. 

P — C  L  Foster,  G  W  Finney,  M  Frankenheimer,  Anthonv  Fox,  R  A 
Fagg,  H  Fitzsimmons,  G  D  Fryer,  C  A  Fletcher,  T  Fisher,  G  C  Fish. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  373 

G— M  Goodman,  J  Gray,  G  L  Gibson,  H  C  Griswold,  G  Garner,  J  S 
Goin,  W  D  C  Gibson,  T  W  Goodwin,  M  C  Gardner,  C  Goodwin,  II  Gar- 
sey,  N  J  Gillet,  A  Gilispie,  T  J  Gray,  L  L  Greentree,  M  S  Gregory,  R  S 
Gammons,  T  Gosse. 

H— R  C  Hardy,  G  II  Hoit,  H  Horton,  P  C  Hyman,  G  Haist,  S  F 
Hoole,  J  Hunt,  —  Holdmark,  G  W  Hepperly,  M  H  Harrington,  H  C 
Hubbard,  D  M  Hyde,  W  B  Hickok,  E  S  Hoge,  T  E  Howard,  E  B  Har- 
ris, Pat  Hanley,  E  W  Harris,  A  Hall,  M  Holmes,  J  B  Hearn,  J  W  L 
Hunt,  J  F  Hall,  H  Harris,  P  Henry,  P  Holland,  D  H  Hall,  G  W  Hall, 
D  Hannah,  J  C  Hare,  R  R  Hackett,  J  Harrison,  J  J  Holmes,D  H  Healy. 

J— E  Jackson,  H  M  Jewett,  J  P  Jones.  H  A  Jones,  L  L  Jones,  Lyman 
Jones,  J  R  Johnson,  G  L  Jackson,  A  H  Jackman,  Nelson  Johnson,  L 
Jones,  N  Johnson. 

K— L  Kelly,  J  H  Kittell,  J  L  Kaneen,  S  A  Kinsey,  C  W  Kendall,  J 
Killum.  R  P  M  Kelley,  J  R  Knox,  ]  H  Kinkead. 

L — J  Lambert,  A  Lafee,  W  R  Lane,  J  Lehigh,  R  Leahigh,  A  Lawson, 
J  A  Long,  Wm  Laforce,  T  A  Longacre,  H  Long, 

]y[_Wm  Meserme,  A  D  Moore.  F  L  Miller,  W  J  Moore,  J  B  Martin, 
G  H  Mallard,  G  W  Morgan,  J  D  McDonald.  E  C  Morse.  Alex  Mitchell, 
J  McKenney.  A  Miot,  E  Mathews,  J  W  McKinney,  S  McFarland.  J  C 
McFarnaham,  F  H  Moore,  J  A  C  Moore,  F  Morrill,  S  A  McMeane.  L 
Morris,  L  McGown,  J  H  Marple,  C  B  McClellan.  James  Morris,  John 
McGee,  J  McKenney,  M  A  McDouhugh. 

Jf_D  w  Noe,  H  Neligh.  E  Nye,  J  B  Nelson,  J  P  Nesdale,  W  New- 
son. 

0 — J  B  Overton. 

p J  s  Peck,  APerrin,  J  Patterson,  J  E  Parker,  J  Putnam.  E  Pear- 
son, Seymor  Pixley,  I  S  Parke,  E  Palmer,  T  Parker,  R  Patterson,  J  Put- 
nam, J  E  Parker,  R  Patterson,  R  Parkinson. 

J{_ — J  Rien,  J  Riddle.  J  Ramsdel.  M  Redding,  J  Richardson,  O  D 
Rolf,  J  Rosseau.  C  F  Redding,  P  Roussel,  C  C  Robedee,  M  Redding, 
T  A  Read.  R  Ross,  R  Robinson,  L  H  Robertson,  O  E  Relmonn. 

S_J  R  Stuart,  W  T  Shepard,  J  W  Shields,  G  Spring.  R  B  Sharp 
S  T  Swift.  G  S  Saunders,  D  R  Starr.  J  T  Stocker,  E  M  Skaggs.  P  Stone, 
A  A  Simons,  A  E  Smith,  G  W  Stone,  R  F  Simmons.  T  B  Storer,  A  A 
Smith,  J  P  Smith,  J  S  Sanchez,  J  K  Stuart,  C  Simons,  C  Sabin,  A  E 
Smith,  P  Stoner. 

<J_W  Thomas,  S  A  Tomkins,  W  W  Tinker.  A  J  Tyrrell,  R  H  Tay- 
lor. A  D  Treadway,  T  J  Titus,  A  M  Taylor,  J  E  Thompson. 

Y — J  -Vanderwater,  N  R  Vipont,  E  Vogle. 


374 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


W— C  Westlake,  T  Wells,  John  West,  L  Wentworth,  J  L  Webster, 
C  Wilson,  Jonah  Williams,  L  P  Wardle,  J  E  Wood,  J  H  Wilcox,  B  H 
Welch,  H  Weston,  H  T  Williams,  G  D  Winters,  The.  Winters,  L  A 
Wood,  J  P  Wentworth,  A  Waitz,  G  M  Williams,  B  C  Whitman,  G  B 
Webb,  F  Ward,  J  G  Woolsey,  A  Williams,  L  Wentermantel,  J  S  Wil- 
son, 

Y— C  York. 

Z— C  B  Zabriskie. 

Members  of  the  Sacramento  Pioneer  Association  : 

A — Wm  Ackley,  James  Anthony,  J  C  Austin,  A  P  Andrews,  M  An- 
drews, H  Arents,  H  Alvord,  E  F  Aiken,  R  I  Allen,  W  O  Armstead,  J  N 
Andrews,  Peter  Androit,  Martin  Arenz,  C  E  Abbott,  W  A  Anderson, 
Lyman  Allen,  A  R  Abbott,  Simon  Attar. 

B — L  L  Baker,  Horace  Barton,  H  T  Borrem,  C  T  Botts,  C  D  Boise, 
R  B  Burton,  G  W  Bell,  D  W  Blackleach,  W  F  Brown,  G  R  Bingham, 
A  J  Bayley,  T  R  Brown,  J  C  Boggs,  A  P  Benton,  W  W  Brown,  G  G 
Berry,  S  S  Baldwin,  A  A  Bennett,  S  A  Berry,  W  H  Blauvelt,  B  N  Bug- 
bey,  Peter  Burns,  E  G  Burger,  A  J  Binney,  S  F  Baldwin,  J  H  Bailey, 
I  N  Babcock,  J  R  Bachelder,  L  A  Booth,  Frank  Bush,  Gordon  Backus, 
C  H  Bradford,  R  S  Bampton,  P  Bannon,  B  Bates  Jr,  Z  Bates,  A  J  Baily, 
R  Beck,  G  W  Bell,  |  Boggs,  C  V  Brockway,  W  N  Brooks,  R  T  Brown, 
J  E  Bryan,  S  A  Boutwell,  U  Bayer,  P  W  Burnett,  R  Butterfield,  N  A  H 
Ball,  E  L  Barber,  J  C  Barr,  E  J  Barroll,  J  T  Bayley,  R  Bell,  H  Bentley, 
G  B  Bonnell,  John  Bigler,  J  E  Birch,  L  E  Boren,  D  M  Boyd,  M  F  But- 
ler, John  Burton,  A  W  Burns,  C  L  Bird,  E  L  Brown,  G  D  Brush,  N 
Boice,  T  R  Brown,  H  J  Bidleman,  A  C  Binninger,  S  S  Bidwell. 

C — H  N  Cummings,  Thos  Coleman,  C  H  Cotton,  James  Collins,  A  B 
Clough,  L  B  Comstock,  E  T  Cole,  Geo  Chadwick,  S  S  Crane, 
G  W  Callahan,  W  J  Cady,  S  S  Carlisle,  James  Carolan,  T  E  Coleman, 
C  B  Cooley,  J  R  Crandall,  J  W  Chiles,  J  L  Craig,  Geo  Chedie,  Saml 
Cross,  H  A  Chase,  Leander,  Culver,  J  M  Calvyn,  G  W  Colby,  T  H  Cook, 
Danl  Coffee,  Benj  Cahoon,  J  Couch,  J  Cowden,  Edgar  Culver,  J  Crack- 
bon,  S  Colville,  S  J  Cassin,  I  S  Chiles,  W  L  Clark,  M  Cassidy,  H  Cas- 
wel.,  L  C  Chandler,  L  B  Churchill,  H  Clark,  W  J  Clark,  H  Clock,  J  H 
Cooper,  W  M  Corbusier.  G  J  Cross,  J  D  Croxall,  Wm  Cummings,  A  P 
Catlain,  C  E  Camp,  W  E  Chamberlain,  G  W  Chesley,  W  P  Coleman, 
N  L  Drew,  G  Cadwalder,  D  E  Callahan,  L  Callish,  J  W  H  Campbell,  W  B 
Campbell,  Dr  J  Caples,  J  H  Carroll,  S  M  Chapin,  A  Carothers,  H  A 
Chase,  E  C  Collins,  J  W  Coffroth,  M  D  Corse,  C  F  Cavanaugh,  Chas 
Chase,  Wm  Chesley,  J  G  Cleal,  E  C  Collins,  Saml  Conrad,  Reuben, 
Cook,  Ed  Crowell,  J  Q  A  Cunningham,  J  B  Cooper. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  375 

D— J  T  Day,  S  Deal,  W  H  Devalin,  P  E  Drescher,  W  Dunlap 
C  K  Daugherty,  C  W  Dankers,  A  Delano,  John  Denn,  W  L  Dudley, 
A  A  Durfee,  J  W  Dam,  Geo  Druke.  J  Z  Davis,  H  Dalrymple,  P  Davis, 
J  P  Dyer,  J  K  Dunbar,  Jerome  C  Davis,  Presley  Dunlap,  J  B  Day- 
ton, J  F  Dye,  T  L  Debose. 

E— Capt  J  S  Ellison,  S  B  Elwell,  J  Edwards,  R  S  Egbert,  W  G 
English,  A  H  Estell,  W  L  Everett,  G  S  Evans,  J  Elbridge,  John 
Evens. 

F — V  J  Fourgead,  Wilson  Flint,  J  S  Fowler,  S  B  Freeland,  G  H 
Forrister,  F  F  Frost,  E  P  Figg,  Dr  J  M  Frey,  W  P  Fuller,  W  C.  Felch, 
W  C  Farnsworth,  G  W  Foster,  Richard  Fuller,  F  S  Freeman,  Peter 
Frear,  G  D  Fiske,  W  B  Freeman,  W  J  Frierson,  R  M  Folger,  Ferris 
Foreman,  L  W  Ferris,  G  J  Foster,  R  D  Ferguson. 

G— W  A  Getts,  J  H  Gass,  Wm  Gordon,  J  R  Gaines,  T  M  Gregory, 
G  R  Gould,  Robt  Gordon,  W  B  Grigsby,  J  W  Gunn,  A  C  Gordon,  G 
Griswold,  H  Greenhood,  Y  W  Gunn,  E  T  Gillispie,  W  R  Grimshaw,  Geo 
Griggs,  W  Gwynn,  C  E  Greene,  A  Griffith,  J  O  Garrett,  R  Gourlie,  A  F 
Gove,  J  Gardner,  J  Gates,  D  W  Gelmicks,  N  D  Goodell,  L  J  Gilpin,  B 
Gray,  H  Griffiths,  G  W  Griffiths,  J  Grosmecal,  S  Glass,  V  E  Gager,  F 
Graham. 

H — L  K  Hammer,  L  Harris.  H  C  Harrison,  T  B  Harper,  L  Harthaus, 
D  H  Haskell.  B  F  Hastings,  G  Hetzel,  J  Hoagland,  M  Hopkins,  F  S 
Hotchkiss,  B  F  Howard,  W  H  Hoyt,  S  L  Hunt,  W  S  Hustin,  J  J  Hutch- 
inson, W  A  Heddenburg,  C  W  Hoit,  A  Henley,  W  L  Herndon,  C  C 
Hayden,  C  Heinrich,  H  T  Holmes,  J  W  Humphries,  J  B  Hyatt,  Joseph 
Harris,  J  E  Hale,  M  R  Harkness,  H  B  Hunt,  Robt  Hamilton,  S  H 
Hunt,  E  A  Harris,  Elisha  Hall,  T  C  Hull,  F  A  Hornblower,  W  C  Holl- 
man,  D  Hamilton,  M  D  Howell,  Wm  Harris,  C  W  Humphries,  E  W 
Hiller,  W  P  Hayden,  T  J  Hall,  L  B  Harris,  John  Hatch,  James  Howarth. 
Josiah  Heacock,  I  N  Hoag,  Augs  Hoffman,  J  A  Hunt,  W  H  Hatfield, 
W  G  Hunt,  Joseph  Hull,  Dr  Hollister,  H  W  Harkness,  J  L  Howard, 
John  Heard,  J  W  Ilaines,  C  P  Huntington,  LZ  Hagan,  Tames  Hannon, 
W  P  Henry,  Levi  Hermance,  F  Hofstadt,  L  W  Hooker,  Justus  Hovey, 
E  M  Horomson,  J  G  Hyer,  J  C  Hedenburg  P  K  Hubbs,  Isadore  Haas, 
L  Z  Hagan,  D  Hammond, 

I— P  J  Isbell. 

J — Wm  R  Johnston,  W  S  Johnson,  J  C  Johnson,  J  H  Jaquea,  David 
Jobson,  T  H  Jackson,  E  G  Jefferis,  E  Jacobs,  R  P  Jacobs,  J  R  John- 
ston, H  F  Johnston,  W  Jennings,  J  N  Johnson. 

K— I  N  Kay,  D  W  Kleinhaus,W  F  Knox,  J  C  Keenan,  W  F  Kennedy, 
J  P  Kleinhaus,  E  B  Kenyon,  Hugh  Kelly,  Frank  Kosta,  Alpheus  Kipp, 
S  K  Kneeland.  H  C  Kibbe,  A  Koppikus,  P  H  Keaner,  J  M  Kelley. 


376  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

L — Dr  T  Logan,  Thos  Letson,  Thos  Latta.  Barton  Lee,  D  L  Lisle,  W 
S  Long,  B  S  Locke,  A  C  Latson,  F  S  Lardner,  J  Lask,  I  Lohman,  J  Lan- 
sing, L  M  Lincoln,  G  Lorenz,  P  S  Lanson,  A  Leonard,  J  T  Lilliard,  T 
M  Lindley.  A  Logan,  W  B  Lawlor,  J  C  Leddlive,  VV  H  Luther,  W  W 
Light,  John  Levitt,  H  M  Larue,  C  Lanfkotter,  W  Lanfkotter,  T  P  Lit- 
tlefield,  C  A  Litchfield,  S  H  Letner,  Herman  Limbach,  C  B  Lenton,  H 
B  Lake,  Marcus  Lowell,  C  VV  Lighter,  J  E  Lawrence,  C  D  Lyman,  F  F 
Low,  C  S  Lowel,  D  R  Linn. 

M_\V  A  McWilliams,  W  McMitchcll,  J  McClintock,  P  McManus, 
A  iMcDonald,  R  McGarvey,  D  O  Mills,  G  I  N  Monell,  J  H  Miller,  Eli 
Mayo,  H  Myers,  J  E  Miller,  M  L  Merrill  W  L  Messenger,  R  W  Murphy, 
O  N  Morse,  S  H  Meek,  Wm  Myers,  C  Meserve,  T  Mitchell,  G  P  Morrill, 
D  O  Mahoney.  J  R  Myres,  J  H  Murphy,  J  B  Mitchell,  J  A  Morgan,  M 
Morrison,  Jesse  Morrill,  T  R  Munk,  H  C  Murray,  Harry  Montfort,  Wm 
Marra,  J  F  Morse,  E  McCarty,  J  H  McKune,  A  McNeil,  Wm  Mace,  C 
E  Mack,  R  C  Marsh,  J  P  Martin,  D  McGowan,  J  S  Miller,  J  Miller,  A  C 
Monson,  F  N  Mott,  Dr  W  S  Manlove,  J  Q  More,  J  W  Marshall,  J  M 
More,  A  Moulton,  J  McCleery,  J  McClatchy,  R  H  McDonald,  James 
McGuire,  Edgar  Mills,  Jacob  Miller,  Thos  Milgate,  T  J  May,  G  P  Mel- 
ville, T  McAlpin,  J  C  McConnell,  S  McConnell,  P  McManus,  Wm  Mc- 
Nulty. 

N — R  J  Nickerson,  A  Neubar,  Dr  A  B  Nixon,  G  F  Nourse,  E  Nye,  C 
L  Newton,  D  H  Norris,  Peter  Nagle,  J  H  Nevett. 

0— Dr  I  E  Oatman,  C  P  O'Neil,  H  P  Osborn,  John  Oschwald,  James 
O'Neil,  Daniel  Oliver,  J  H  O'Brien,  C  C  O'Fling,  J  F  O'Bryon,  H  H 
O'Callahan,  J  P  O'Neil,  L  W  Ogden,  L  P  Ormsby. 

p_A  P  Petitto.  S  Pearl,  E  R  Perrin,  J  H  Parnell,  Wm  Pearce,  C  T 
H  Palmer,  John  Peasley,  John  Prentice,  C  G  Page.  A  V  V  Post,  C  S 
Preble,  G  A  Poor,  G  H  Parker.  G  Phelan,  Adolph  Palin,  A  D  Patter- 
son, A  H  Powers,  G  A  Putnam,  S  Putnam,  J  A  Patchen,  R  A  Pearis, 
J  R  Pcttus,  A  Polaski,  C  L  Price,  Thos  Paden,  James  Pollock,  Lucius 
Powers,  G  O  Perry. 

Q, — J  Ouinn,  James  Queen.  B  C  Quigby. 

R— C  Ramsey,  C  F  Reed,  James  Reid,  J  Richards.  J  H  Rose,  D  S 
Ross,  Wm  Roush,  Dr  C  Ruddock,  T  H  Russell,  M  Ransom,  S  B 
Robbins,  Cyrus  Rohrer,  C  H  Ross,  G  Rowland,  L  Reynolds,  A  D  Right- 
mire,  Mark  Robinson,  C  C  Reid,  G  T  Rich,  M  Richardson,  Bartley 
Reeves,  C  C  Rice,  Rt  Reed,  E  W  Roberts,  W  A  Ranson,  M  M  Reid, 
G  Renaud,  John  Requa,  J  P  Rhodes,  Sam'l  Rich,  A  G  Richardson, 
John  Rivett. 

S— Jn   Sims,  Abm  Sites,  A  P  Smith,  A  J  Soule,  J  D  Stephens,  WR 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA.  377 

Strong,  CH  Swift,  J  Strutz,  SSchreiber,  E  D  Shirland,  W  M  Siddons, 
J  H  Sullivan,  ACSweetzer,  T  K  Stewart,  TGSalsbury,  C  G  Shipman, 
J^mes  Stevenson,  Myron  Smith,  John  Stuber,  J  F  Stump,  E  G  Smith, 
S  R  Smith,  D  Sutterfield,  L  T  Sanderson,  Silas  Simons,  J  H  Strow- 
bridge,  A  A  Sargent,  E  H  Smith,  J  C  Spencer,  H  W  Schacht,  J  B 
Schmidt,  E  A  Sherman,  J  D  Seelen,  Thos  Sunderland,  Voly  Spalding, 
Jacob  Shew,  J  D  B  Stillman,  J  F  Suydam,  J  F  Stone,  C  C  Sackett, 
W  D  Shallcross,  J  H  Shirley,  C  R  Shirland,  E  M  Smith,  Ralph  Smith, 
J  B  Starr,  L  Steudeman,  Ed  Stockton,  Jh  Shaw,  Benj  Sanders,  A  P 
Soule,  Nathan  Stevens,  John  Skinker,  A  P  Smith. 

T— H  Treichler,  M  Torry,  Wm  Turton,  J  B  Taylor  J  A  Tutt,  Dr  S 
P  Thomas,  C  A  Tweed,  S  S  Turner,  Lansing  Tooker,  Wm  Tool,  John 
Tingman,  W  H  Thomas,  Guss  Taylor. 

V— G  K  Van  Heusen,  W  B  Van  Dyke,  J  H  Vergo,  J  S  VanWinkle. 

W — Fred  Werner,  E  Wadsworth,  David  Wood,  S  B  Woodin,  J  E 
P  Weeks,  E  O  West,  A  S  Whitmore,  C  Wolet,  Wm  Wallace,  L  G 
Wright,  W  H  Willetts.  T  S  Wilkinson;  Geo  Worthington,  W  C  Wright, 
D  E  Wade,  H  B  Waddilove,  Louis  Warner,  O  H  P  White,  W  B  White- 
sides,  D  G  Whitney,  D  Willard,  Jonathan  Williams,  Wm  Wolfsberger, 
Wm  G  Wood,  R  H  Woodward,  B  A  Woodwoith,  John  Woolaver,  G 
G  Wright,  John  Winders,  James  Webb,  G  W  Wallace,  Geo  Withing- 
ton,  T  J  Willbaum,  Philo  West,  P  T  Williamson,  C  Winters,  W  H 
Wallace,  A  Warring,  A  Weber,  S  E  Welch,  Julius  Wetzler,  E  D  Wheat- 
ley,  Geo  Wiggins,  J  C  Williams,  E  F  Woodward,  L  Wilcoxson. 

Y— J  E  Young,  Wm  Yule. 

Pioneers  of  the  Counties  of  Marin,  Sonoma,  Napa  and  Mendo- 
cino : 

A— W  C  Adams,  Louis  Adler,  R  Angarde,  S  Akers,  J  Abbott,  S  J 
Agnew,  O  S  Allen,  J  M  Armstrong,  J  Albertson,  W  G  Alban,  T  Allen, 
E  G  Alban.  H  Appleton,  N  H  Amesbury,  D  H  Alderson,  J  H  Allison, 
C  H  Allen,  W  F  Allen,  C  Alexander,  C  G  Ames. 

B — W  M  Boggs,  J  B  Beam,  W  H  Brady,  H  Barech  A  A  Basignano, 
E  Biggs,  L  Bruck,  E  F  Bale,  John  Brown,  S  Brown,  W  Board,  J  F 
Boyce,  J  S  Bracket,  D  Burras,  I  S  Bradford,  R  Burnell,  P  F  Barker,  J 
N  Bailache,  E  N  Boynton,  Ai  Barney,  J  D  Beam,  W  P  Boyce,  M  C 
Briggs,  H  W  Baker,  J  W  Boggs,  E  Barry,  S  H  Buford,  S  Bennett,  H  E 
Boggs,  E  Barnett,  W  Bald  ridge,  A  G  Boggs,  J  M  Boggs.  G  W  Boggs, 
J  O  Boggs,  T  W  Boggs,  L  W  Boggs,  jr„  J  N  Bennet.  P  G  Baxter,  J 
Beasley,  Z  Briggs,  R  Brownlie,  J  E  Bond,  P  E  Bailey  J  Bright,  T  C 
Brown,  A  B  Borrell,  J  Bailiff,  Wm  Bradford,  H  C  Boggs. 


378  THE  ARGOXA  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

C — N  Carriger,  J  Carillo.Wm  Corey,  C  Carlton,  J  Cavanagh.H  Clark, 
G  W  Clark.  S  H  Carriger,  W  W  Carpenter,  C  C  Carriger,  A  B  Carriger, 
B  L  Cook,  T  S  Cooper  J  R  Cooper,  W  L  Copeland,  R  Crane,  James 
Clark,  Christian  Brothers,  O  W  Craig,  G  W  Cornwell,  Wm  M  Coleman, 
E  Coleman,  H  K  Clark,  S  B  Carpenter,  V  B  Cook,  D  Chamberlain,  J 
Cairns.  Obed  Clark,  W  Cassebohn,  W  R  Coburn,  D  W  Carriger,  J  L 
Cook,  J  Cogill,  Sr.,  L  Carson,  J  C  Crigler.  J  Clyman,  J  Chiles,  J  Caster, 
B  Capell,  J  Cyrus,  A  J  Cox,  S  Clark,  L  Chapman,  N  Coombs,  D  C 
Crockett,  Dr  C  Crouch,  W  R  Cook,  J  Chauvet. 

D — H  Decker,  M  Donohue,  H  W  Dickinson,  D  D  Davisson,  Wm 
Dorman,  B  W  Diffendurfer,  E  L  Davis,  N  Dunbar,  J  Dickinson,  A  J 
Dollarhide, 

E— J  W  Easter,  M  Engler,  T  Earl,  D  Emerson,  B  E  Edsal,  L  F 
Eaton,  W  Edington,  A  Y  Easterly,  W  Ellis. 

F— J  Fernald,  R  F  Fowler,  J  M  Freeman,  A  J  W  Faure,  J  T  Fort- 
son,  J  Fulton,  J  W  Flavel,  H  Fowler,  W  Fowler,  W  A  Fisher,  A  Farley, 
S  W  Faudre,  F  Fisher. 

G — J  M  Gregson,  T  C  Grey,  F  P  Green,  O  Greig,  H  L  Gourne,  J 
Gibson,  Wm  Greene,  J  F  Greene,  John  Gallagher,  W  W  Greening,  A  J 
Gordon,  J  Griffin,  J  J  Goodin,  Dr  J  B  Gordon,  G  G  Gardner,  Wm  Gor- 
don, C  Griffith,  Jesse  Grigsby,  R  A  Gill,  G  Grigsby,  P  D  Grigsby,  A  J 
Galbrath,  J  T  Grisby,  E  Gillen,  P  Gessford,  M  Griggson. 

H— H  Kingston,  John  Henly,  Wm  Hood,  T  Hopper,  H  Hall,  L  N 
Harmon,  C  Humphries,  H  Hill,  B  Hall,  Wm  McP  Hill,  D  Hudson,  J 
Henry,  T  B  Hopper,  C  Hopper,  B  Hoen,  H  H  Hall,  S  H  Hyman,  A 
Hixson,  A  Harasthy,  L  C  Hubbard,  H  P  Holmes,  J  W  Harlan,  T  F  Hud- 
son, W  B  Hagans,  C  Hazebrigg,  J  B  HoUaway,  W  H  Holleday,  J  B 
Horrel,  J  Henry,  Harper  brothers,  W  Hargrave,  M  Hudson,  J  Hudson, 
J  Harbin,  Mat  Harbin,  G  Hallet,  W  A  Haskin,  J  Haskins,  W  A  Has- 
kins  jr,  L  Higgins,  F  M  Hackett,  J  H  Howland,  I  Howell,  John  Howell, 
D  Howell,  P  Howell,  M  R  Hardin,  C  Hartson,  R  D  Hopkins,  W  Houx, 
A  Henry,  L  Haskell,  R  A  Harvey. 

I — M  Ingler. 

J — R  Jones,  Benj  Joy,  E  Justi,  E  K  Jenner,  D  Jones,  C  Juarez,  J  A 
Jamison,  G  E  Jewett. 

K — A  Kripenstapel,  F  Keller,  H  Kreuse,  A  Kohle,  J  Knight,  R  Ken- 
nedy, R  L  Kilburn,  T  Knight,  W  Kilburn,  I  Kellogg,  W  W  Kenedy,  A 
W  King,  Ira  Kilburn,  Kelsey  Brothers. 

L— C  W  Lubec,  N  Long,  R  Lennox,  G  W  Lewis,  J  H  Lane,  C  H 
Lamkin,  J  A  Lossee,  J  Lutgens,  H  H  Lewis,  H  D  Ley,  A  J  Lafevre,  Ed 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  379 

Latapie,  B  Little.   J  F  Lamden,    J  B  Lamar,  G  Linn,   Dr  T  M  Leaven- 
worth, H  Ludolph. 

M— N  E  Manning,  R  McGee,  W  E  McConnell,  J  McLaughlin,  W 
Mock,  S  McDonough,  W  Montgomery,  J  H  McCord,  A  M  Mansfield, 
R.  G,  Merritt,  D  H  Morgan,  P  McChristian,  G  W  McCain,  A  J  Mills, 
J  Munday,  M  T  McClellan,  J  McCormick,  L  W  Mayer,  J  W.  Morris,  J 
R  Moore  jr.,  A  C  McDonald,  W  J  March,  Mr  Marshall,  W  H  Manlove, 
J  H  Moore,  J  Martin,  C  Musgrove,  Wm  McDonald,  J  Moran,  H  Mygatt, 
A  Moumert,  G  McMahon,    R  McGarvey,  W  McReynolds,  W  R  Morris. 

N— John  Neil,  P  G  Norburn,  S  S  Noble,  W  Neil,  L  A  Norton,  E  Neb- 
lett,  W  H  Nash,  J  M  Nichols. 

0— G  W  Oman,  F  Oettl,  A  A  Olmstead,  A  P  Overton,  H  Ousley, 
S  Orr,  J  H  Orr,  W  Ousley. 

P — J  A  Palmer,  G  Pearce.  W  Potter,  J  C  Peary,  R  J  Preston,  J 
Powell,  J  A  Poppe,  G  T  Paulli,  A  P  Petit,  C  Peterson,  G  W.  Peterson, 
P  H  Pharris,  H  L  Pierce,  D  Powell,  T  J  Poulterer,  D  D  Philips,  S  Potter, 
J  D  Patton,  H  G  Parks,  J  A  Pugh,  T  Partin,  H  Porterfield,  H  Pierce, 
P  Polsten,  J  V  Porter.  D  Patton,  Jethro  Powell,  Rt  Poppe,  C  Poppe. 

Q, — Wm  Ouinton,  D  Quinliven. 

R— J  Robeson,  T  Rocheford,  V  Robin,  C  Rogers,  W  B  Reed,  W  Rob- 
inson, J  M  Roberts,  J  L  Rouner,  D  Ripley,  T  W  Richards,  S  H  Rupe,  J 
Reynolds,  A  F  Redemeyer,  Joel  Regan,  G  Reeve,  B  Robinson,  J  Robin- 
son. B  L  Robinson,  Col  Ritchie,  A  J  Raney,  S  F  Raney,  W  H  Russell. 

S — J  Selling,  R  Spence,  John  Smith,  F  Starke,  D  W  Stroufe,  N  O 
Stafford,  E  W  Sax,  P  Sneed,  C  O  Stab,  P  Sharvein,  J  W  Sharp,  Dwt 
Spencer,  J  K  Smith,  S  M  Shinn,  J  Sedgley,  J  H  Seipp,  J  Singley,  F 
Sears,  J  Stewart,  W  W  Stillwagon,  A  Salaman,  J  R  Snyder,  C  V  Stuart, 
J  H  Sturtevant,  C  J  Son,  J  T  Shinn,  P  G  Storm,  C  Stewart,  Thos  Smith, 
J  Stiltz,  WC  Smith,  J  J  Swift,  J  Somers,  A  Stines,  Dr  B  Shurtleff,  J 
Short. 

T— S  D  Towne,  G  Tomsins,  E  Towne,  W  S  Thomas,  C  C  Toler,  C 
Talbot,  R  Tucker,  J  Tucker,  G  Tucker,  W  Trubody,  J  Trubody  ,Josiah 
Trubody,  John  Trubody,  Willis  Trubody,  S  Tucker,  T  H  Thompson, 
J  B  Troubado,  W  Topping,  G  W  Thompson. 

TJ— J  Udall,  F  Ulhom. 

V — ^  Vanhallen,  P  J  Vasquez,  A  Von  Omtzon,  A  J  Vanwinkle,  P 
Vanberer,  S  Vallejo,  M  G  Vallejo,  C  Vangelden, 

W— J  J  Weems  ,W  S  M  Wright,  J  Wright,  H  L  Weston,  H  M  Wil- 
son, J  A  Williams,  J  Walton,  A  A  White,  D  W  Walker,  J  G  Wilson,  J 
Wooden,  W  H  Winter,  J  Wilson,  J  Westfall,  R  B  Woodward,  C  B  Wines. 


3So  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

J  B  Walden,  J  M  White,  P  Ward,  W  Webb,  J  B  Warfield,  F  Wilsey,  A 
W^itt,  D  Wharff,  L  C  Woodworth. 

Y— D  York,  H  York,  John  York. 
Z— L  W  Znager, 

The  following  are  the  names  of  Pioneers  now  residing  in  Placer 
county,  California  : 

James  Collins,  W  W  W^heeler,  J  Peterson,  J  T  Kincade,  G  Harsh,  Wm 
Johnson,  G  M  Bryant,  L  L  Bunyon,  B  D  Dunbar,  T  Ackerman.  H  Man- 
sur,  B  F  Smith,  G  W  Thulkel,  J  D  Pratt,  G  W  Applegate,  C  Silva,  A  S 
Whittimore,  J  W  Smith,  J  C  Boggs,  S  Adams,  W  C  Wallace,  J  H  Ames, 
R  W  Baum,  J  Belden,  C  A  Bradford,  A  L  Case,  E  M  Buckley,  G  Burdell, 
J  C  Classen,  ]  Coddington,  C  C  Coleman,  W  H  Conly,  JT  Coryell,  J  M 
Donahue,  P  J  Donahue.  C  M  Dougherty,  E  A  Engleberg,  J  Findla,  F  P 
Forster,  J  B  Frisbe,  J  L  Given,  C  F  Glein,  J  M  Gourcy,  A  Goodyear,  J 
W  Miller,  T  W  Moore,  G  A  Yound,  J  Tuttle,  G  W  Tyler,  O  B  Turrell, 
W  H  Turner  J  K  Trumbo,  A  Townsend,  G  W  Vincent,  G  Torrens,  G 
W  Toombs. 

The  following  Forty-niners  are  at  present  residing  in  Nevada 
county,   California  : 

J  Anderson,  W  Ashman,  A  B  Brady,  W  Bradley,  J  Blake,  W  Brady, 
W  Cunningham,  R  G  McCutchan,  L  S  Calkins,  Z  P  Davis,  S  H  Eddy, 
W  K  Weare,  J  Lyons,  T  Henry,  H  Seymour,  T  L  Hughes,  C  Justice,  J 
Lewis,  W  Taylor,  L  Williamson,  G  Wesls,  J  P  Wentworth,  J  H  Went- 
worth,  J  Gray,  H  A  Lines,  P  Hendry,  E  Withington,  O  Smith,  J  B  Gil- 
lespie, C  Weisenberger,  D  A  Rich,  T  Giles,  J  D  Herning,  G  M  Hughes, 
Sn  Pernard,  J  H  Hamilton,  H  A  Searles,  Wm  Osborne,  L  Williamson, 
S  Hunter,  Wm  Higgins. 

Members  of  the  Pioneer  Association  of  the  City  of  Marysville, 
California: 

L  Ackley,  C  V  Man,  M  S  Cleveland,  James  Traynor,  J  H  Hanson, 
Thomas  Dean,  H  H  Hollister,  D  C  Day,  Daniel  P  Newbert,  G  W  Nichol- 
son, H  S  Taylor,  Chas  Baird,  A  J  Sluma,  E  W  Mull,  H  Barrett,  Geo 
Merrite,  O  P  Stidger,  Lulien  Chritien,  E  H  Clements,  Daniel  Prescott, 
C  Coe  Prell,  W  M  Bell,  J  G  Cornell,  W  McMurtry,  John  V  McMurtry, 
W  Downie,  Jas  Hunter,  E  C  Ross,  George  P  Russell,  E  M  Binninger,C  R 
Howe.  W  K  Hudson,  S  M  Miles,  Eh  Teegarden,  W  H  Hartwell,  James 
B  Leaman,  J  A  Murry,  James  Williamson,  A  W  Cutts,  John  Seaward,  G 
N  Swezy.  G  R  Nightingill,  W  K  McClintock,  J  G  Dow,  H  S  Graves,  G 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  3^1 

W  Fairle,  J  R  Totman,  James  T  Dickey,  E  Mattoon,  Doming  Cuadra, 
Joseph  Clark.  James  Reese,  A  J  Hewett.  H  F  Hyde,  N  I)  Smith,  S  T 
Brewster,  T  W  Kent,  R  K  Stevenson,  H  Eiterman,  W  A  McLaughlin, 
Henry  Weil,  L  S  Sullenger,  J  Smith,  Tartan  Smith,  J  M  Braden,  Wm 
G  Murphy,  John  C  Smith,  Antone  Christian,  Benjamin  Begelow,  LP 
Crane,  C  Westenhaver,  John  Keller,  Stephen  Eaton,  L  R  Sellon,  Milton 
B  Gordon,  T  H  Haims,  S  Blodgett,  Edward  Hooper,  Jotham  M  Blan- 
chard,  L  H  Babb,  G  S  Ely,  A  J  Cumberson,  John  G  Briggs,  H  M  Gaz- 
lay,  L  F  Craft,  Newton  Sewell,  C  F  Scholl,  S  J  S  Rogers,  S  R  Chandler, 
A  W  Oakley,  Francis  Heyland,  E  H  Pratt,  Phil  W  Keyser,  H  J  Shulee, 
Henry  Kerns,  A  J  Lucas,  C  C  Harrington,  G  Katzenstein,  Theo  Sicard, 
Joseph  Lask,  John  Gebzhaeuse,  John  Kupser,  Thos  Alpaugh,  Jacob 
Tomb,  G  P  Hunt,  E  Hamilton,  Chas  H  Thurston,  Wm  Delvine,  Jackson 
Arnot,  B  R  Lippincott,  P  Vanclief,  S  A  Blake,  A  P  Willey,  Thomas 
Brown,  Jacob  B  Clark,  James  B  Stafford.  H  H  Purdue,  H  H  Shuessler, 
A  J  Batchelor,  Henry  Heitman,  A  S  Noyes,  S  C  Spengler,  Charles  E 
Swezy,  Francis  Hamlin,  M  Pienson,  Charles  Justis,  Thos  S  Clyma,  Wm 
E  Howell,  G  E  Brittan,  E  Griffith,  W  T  Bleven. 

Pioneers  who  joined  the  El  Dorado  County  Association  : 

Benj  F  Post,  J  Q  A  Ballard,  Col  S  Altar,  L  L  Ramsay,  Jehu  Evans, 
J  L  Perkins,  A  J  Lowry,  H  C  Murgotten,  E  P  Vaughn,  John  R  Patten, 
Darwin  DeGolia,  A  Coleman,  J  D  McMurray,  Dr  Ira  Glynn,  R  S  Her- 
nandez, A  H  Reid,  E  N  Strout,  Geo  G  Blanchard,  H  S  Allen,  H  W  A 
Worthen,  John  P  Matthews,  Levi  Hunsberger,  N  D  Burlingham,  Reuben 
Twyman,  Ne'al  Gallagher,  John  Angus,  George  W  Frater,  James  Moon, 
Nathaniel  B  Dryden,  John  Mosby  Price,  Paul  Mitchell,  N  F  Marrs, 
John  Price,  Henry  Day,  Henry  Mahler,  Geo  H  Ingham,  Phil  Teuscher, 
W  R  Galleher,  John  Crocker,  B  F  Edmonds,  Robert  Chalmers,  S  F 
Child,  Jno  G  Vanderheyden,  John  Teuscher,  C  Perry  Young,  S  A  Berry, 
L  B  McClain,  Charles  Barker,  Richard  Murphy,  E  S  Barney,  Mat  Mor- 
gan, Wm  Morgan,  Thomas  Coppinger,  George  Beattie,  A  C  Dale, 
Joshua  W  Lance,  John  Gale,  Lewis  Dubray,  James  S  Hartman,  A  G 
Stewart,  A  Darlington,  T  C  Nugent,  Wm  Jones,  D  W  Chichester,  H 
Brian,  M  C  Metzler,  James  Bunyon  Hume,  G  J  Carpenter,  Thomas  B 
Patten,  William  H  Cooper,  Smith  Morill,  Wm  Leasly,  William  J  Hale> 
S  J  Ensminger,  Truman  Wilcox,  L  C  Fisk,  Wm  F  Tripp,  J  P  Wonder- 
lich,D  Elmendorf,  John  Cartheche,  Isaac  Showater,  Russell  Bronson, 
Frank  Gerbode,  H  B  Turman,  John  Henry  Dodd,  Henry  Kennedy, 
Maryland  S  Frasier,  George  Hunsucker,  Nathaniel  Lawrence,  Jonathan, 
N  Lauman,  Henry  Myers,  Ernest  Mortenson,  H  S  Hulburd,  Charles  M 
King,  J  W  Foster,  S  D  Colburn,  James  C  Bronson,  S  O  Pierce,  Geo  H 
H  Forester,  Thomas  Davidson,  A  A  Howard,  A  B  Bates,  JG  Bailey, 


382  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Samuel  Spong,  Levi  Brown,  J  P  White,  Thomas  Auders,  Gen'l  Phipps» 
J  W  Baldwin,  Thomas  Beckner,  M  Fairchild,  Wm  T  Gibbs,  John  IMc- 
Claren,  Thomas  Armstrong,  Wm  Johnson,  S  B  Dick,  Joshua  V  Lanston, 
Henry  James,  Andrew  Jackson  Wall,  George  W  Rymal,  Robert  A 
Jeffries,  J  W  E  Brown,  John  James,  Jeremiah  W  Kendall,  Richard  Lane, 
J  H  Miller,  James  K  Shaver,  Jesse  Couch,  O  M  Taylor,  W  C  Beal,  T 
G  Barton,  Flemming  Jones,  James  Creighton,  Matthew  O  Dennis,  Bar- 
ney O'Rourke,  James  Sharp,  Gilbert  Hix,  Isaac  Yoacum,  Samuel  Rob- 
inson, J  T  G  Chamblin,  Almerin  Fisk,  John  Little,  Thomas  H  Hart,  E 
T  Ramsey,  Dr  D  Stewart  Smith,  Wm  Weatherill,  John  Bishop,  J  C  F 
Koepcke,  J  V  Dilley,  Dr  W  E  Spencer,  E  H  Perry.  Wm  C  Smith,  S  J 
Ford,  Wm  Frey,  D  T  Hall,  Theo  Eisfeldt  Sr,  E  L  Kenney,  G  L  Vaughn, 
Duncan  Ferguson,  John  Bunker,  Jefferson  Baird,  James  R  Griffin,  John 
S  Fowler,  Samuel  Kyburz,  D  B  Luken,  Wm  S  Gray,  W  B  Wallace,  Mo- 
ses A  Smith,  Guillaum  Barrette,  Geo  W  Vaugah,  David  Bennett,  Wm 
Newland,  J  G  O'Brien,  Charles  Watson,  William  Smith,  Wm  L  Rhodes, 
John  M  Rice,  Charles  W  Winstandley,  J  D  Skinner,  Wm  Krahner,  Joe 
Brinle}',  S  T  Goge,  A  Connell,  A  Aitken,  John  Cantrell,  William  Chris- 
tian,  George  E  Rigsby,  Patrick  Martin,  A  H  Reid,  Henry  Larkin,  N 
Gilmore,  James  R  Johnson,  Charles  Broad,  Wm  Dormody,  George  W 
Simpers,  John  Hines,  Samuel  S  Wilson,  Stephen  Willets,  Samuel  Flem- 
ing, H  E  Cutting,  Nick  Wonderly,  G  W  Hunter,  John  Daniel,  O  E 
Shepherd,  Geo  W  Harr,  Geo  W  Ferree,  Ed  M  Wilder,  Jacob  Winkleman 
sr.,  Henry  T  Newhall,  B  F  Pollard,  Wm  Harris,  Wm  R  Davis,  IVilber 
Read,  John  Steiner,  Augustus  T  Lee,  James  M  Oxley,  D  M  Richardson, 
A  J  Wilson,  S  E  Kyburz,  Geo  W  Parsons,  Thomas  Leavey,  Benj  Starn 
J  W  S  Giles,  John  McFadin,  B  F  Burgiss,  John  Richmond,  Peter  WiL 
son,  John  Gould,  Wm  McCormick,  H  O  Hooper,  N  Osgood,  R  G  R 
Moore,  Manuel  Snow,  Egbert  L  Wilson,  Nicholas  Mulick,  B  F  Johns, 
E  Grant,  A  J  Christie.  John  Maffey,  Robert  McBeth,  J  W  Annable,  J  P 
Steele,  J  W  Rupley,  H  F  Lear,  B  Currier,  J  Kohn,  S  T  Gage. 

Pioneers  of  Alameda  and  Contra  Costa  Counties  : 

A — Wm  Atherton. 

B  — Mrs  E  Baldwin,  Wm  H  Bartling,  G  Bingham,  H  A  Benson,  J  L 
Bromley,  J  J  Brayman,  R  Bronson,  J  M  Buffington,  W  H  Buckley,  W  S 
Burns,  Mrs  M  Buckalew. 

C— J  Capell,  S  J  Colling,  A  M  Church. 

D— N  R  Dabney,  J  De  Bell,  H  W  Driver. 

E— J  W  Easter  sr. 

F — L  Frink,  Mrs  M  A  Frink  D  D  Francisco. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNTA.  383 

G-  Mrs  C  Gardner,  D  W  C  Gaskell.  W  T  Gibbs,  Mrs.  C  A  Gibbs,  Z  T 
Gilpin,  Mrs.  M  P  Geurnsey. 

H— L  J  Hardy  sr. 

K — E  Kelsey. 

L — F  G  Low. 

M — J  S  Marston,  Mrs  E  B  Marston,  J  Moffitt,  A  Moore,  A  B  Mont- 
ross. 

S — N  Sewell,  E  A  Sherman,  C  F  Scholl,  G  W  Stewart,  Col  J  Stewart, 
Mrs  I  Somers. 

V — J  J  Vanduyn. 

W— W  Winnie,  Rev  O  C  Wheeler. 

Territorial  Pioneers  living  upon  the  Pacific  Coast  : 

A— C  H  Aitken,  T  Anderson,  N  S  Arnold,  A  B  Asher,  M  Ashbury, 
W  G  Alban,  E  G  Alban, 

B— J  H  Baily,  G  H  Baker,  Dr  A  S  Baldwin,  J  Ball,  Thos  Bell,  Rt 
Bell,  J  C  Bell,  Rev  J  A  Benton,  H  C  Bidwell,  G  G  Blanchard,  P  H  Blake, 
Dr.  J  Blake,  Wm  K  Black,  J  A  Black,  Dr  A  Blatchley,  F  A  Bonnard,  J 
W  Bones,  E  Bosqui,  J  W  Bost,  C  T  Botts,  Dr  A  J  Bowie,  A  J  Bowie  jr., 
C  M  Boyd,  A  C  Bradford,  E  Brown,  T  A  Brown,  Mrs  E  Baldwin,  Wm  H 
Bartling,  H  A  Benson,  J  J  Braman,  R  Bronson,  W  S  Burns,  T  B  Biddel, 
H  B  Brooks,  S  H  Brooks,  A  J  Bryant,  C  H  Burton,  P  H  Burnett,  D  J 
Burnett,  J  M  Burnett,  J  C  Burch,  W  W  Burditt,  S  S  Burt,  D  Bush,  H 
W  Byington,  B  W  Barnes,  D  C  Bryan,  C  N  Blake,  Bart  Bee,  J  Brun- 
ner,  L  Bartlett,  Jas  Bovee,  Wm  H  Bell,  H  Brooks,  W  K  Benjamm. 

C— S  H  Carlisle,  O  S  Carvill,  E  Case,  G  A  Case,  O  P  Callanay,  W  L 
Cazneau,  G  Chambers.  J  I  Chamblin,  R  Chenery,  J  W  Cherry,  S  J  Col- 
lins, CW  Childs,  W  O  Clark,  W  H  Clary,  J  P  Cochran,  J  Cogill  sr.,  D 
D  Colton,  C  J  Collins,  J  H  Conway,  W  W  Cope,  G  W  Cope,  J  C  Co'ult, 
H  S  Crocker,  M  Crooks,  P  Crowley,  J  D  Crowley,  G  Chambers,  C  E 
Carpenter,  C  P  Critenden.  G  W  Colby,  J  S  Campbell,  F  R  Crussell,  J 
Cassin, 

D— H  S  Dalliber,  T  R  Davidson,  C  W  Davis.  N  S  Davis,  E  F  Denni- 
son,  James  Derham,  J  Derham  jr.,  J  F  Derham,  J  A  Donohue,  E  Don- 
nelly, M  Dimond,  M  ue  La  Montague,  D  Degolia,  J  I  Dougart,  R  C 
Downs,  C  Driscoll,  P  Durkin,  H  Dutton,  W^  H  Dobbins  M  D,  R  Dins- 
more,  N  L  Drew. 

E — Wm  Ede,  B  B  Edmonston,  K  C  Eldridge,  J  B  Emmal,  J  W 
Easter,  E  E  Eyre. 


384  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

F — D  Farquharson,  S  C  Field,  S  Figel,  G  K  Fitch,  J  W  Foard,  G  M 
Ford,  J  B  Forncr,  C  W  Fox,  J  Frontin,  L  Frink,  iMrs  A  Frink,  D  D  Fran- 
cisco, T  S  Fouschee,  F  P  B  Fouroche,  W  H  Fountleroy,  J  S  Friedman. 

G— W  E  Gallatin,  G  Garneau,  W  T  Garratt,  J  W  Gashwiler,  O  F 
Gehrick.  F  A  Gibbs,  N  Gilmore,  WT  Gibbs,  Mrs  M  Guernsey,  A  J  Glad- 
ding, J  Goldman,  J  R  Goodwin,  N  Gray,  T  Gray,  Wm  J  Gray,  J  J  Green, 
S  Greenewald,  A  K  Grim,  M  Guerin,  A  S  Gould,  A  M  Gray,  Wm  D  Gar- 
land, S  Graves. 

H— H  Hahn,  R  B  Hall,  C  Halsey,  J  M  Harbin,  H  W  Ilarkness,  Wm 
E  Hansen,  B  Hollingsworth,  E  E  Harvey,  John  Hays,  P  Hopkins,  J 
Hughes,  L  Hanscom,  J  Hanson,  L  J  Hardy  sr,  L  |  Hardy  jr,  E  Haw- 
thorne, C  E  Hazeltinc,  S  Heydenfeldt,  J  H  Hickox,  A  A  Hobe.  LJ 
Hardy,  Ricker  Hill,  H  F  W  Hoffman,  S  B  Holly,  H  T  Holmes  T  H 
Holt,  Wm  Holden,  W  H  Hooke,  R  C  Hopkins,  T  Horabin,  J  F  Hough- 
ton, T  W  Hubbard,  P  Huerne.  J  Humphreys,  H  L  Hosmer,  L  B  Hopkins. 

I— A  S  Iredale,  J  B  Iredell,  J  D  Ijams,  J  T  Ish,  Wm  Irelan, 

J-tJ  T  Jennings,  T  W  Jerrett,  H  P  Jones. 

K— D  Kanary,  J  W  Keith,  Wm  F  Kells,  G  W  Kidd,  A  G  Kinsey,  J 
L  King,  J  G  Klumpke,  D  A  Kneass,  L  Krone,  T  Kyle,  J  Kemm,  T  J 
Knipe. 

L — S  D  Lamereaux,  C  B  Land,  N  P  Langland,  M  S  Latham,  J  S 
Leavitt,  A  Ledlie,  T  J  Lee,  BF  Lee,  H  R  Leonard,  LT  Lewis,  Jacob 
Lewis,  J  F  Lighter,  A  H  Lissak,  I  Lohman,  W  H  Lyon,  R  Larrymore,  M 
M  Lewis,  J  C  Ledlie.  L  B  Lyman,  J  H  Lindsay,  Wm  Lincoln,  J  E  Law- 
rence, Wm  S  Lowden,  J  B  Lyle,  W  V  Lyon,  F  G  Low,  J  C  Ledlie. 

M— W  L  Marple,  D  W  Martindale,  B  F  Mauldin,  Wm  McAfee,  W 
McClintock,  J  H  McCabe,  G  McDonald,  J  S  Marston,  Mrs  E  B  Marston, 
A  Moore,  E  McGarry,  W  H  McGrew,  G  O  McMullin,  T  McMullin,  D 
McNeil,  J  M  McPike,  J  Mee,  D  Meeker,  W  Meeks,  S  F  Merritt,  G  A 
Miller,  Wm  Mitchell,  R  C  Montgomery,  A  Moon,  A  G  Morton,  N  S 
Morton,  J  B  Morton,  H  R  Morton,  G  II  Morrison,  J  A  Moultrie,  Dr  S 
M  Mouser,  J  Mugan,  A  Martinon,  Wm  H  Mack,  F  S  Morton,  C  McEl- 
roy,  C  Menne,  D  S  McLellan,  I  M  Merrill,  C  McLaughlin,  A  P  Minear, 
G  H  Messersmith. 

N— S  C  Nathan,  Wm  Nellis,  T  Newcomb,  H  M  Newhall,  W  H  Nich- 
ols, A  R  Nichols.  L  H  Nolte. 

0— J  O'Malley,  W  T  O'Neale.  C  O'Neil,  O  C  Osborn,  S  Ostrunder  J 
B  Owens. 

p_RC  Page,  W  L  Palmer,  G  Palache,  W  Paul,  S  T  Payne,  W  Pear- 
son, J  W  Pearson,  S  Perkins,  J  Pershbaker,  C  H  Phelps,  L  Pickering,  F 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORMA.  385 

Pire,  J  V  Plume,  J  S  Polack,  C  F  Priest,  S  Phillips,  H  G  Pitman,  S  J 
Pierce,  G  W  H  Parker,  W  W  Porter,  H  C  Patrick. 

Q,— L  Quint,  T  M  Ouackebnsh. 

R— J  B  Ransom,  Wm  Randolph,  E  T  Raun,  J  W  Reay,  B  B  Reading, 
W  C  Reed,  E  A  Reece,  C  H  Reynolds,  G  A  Reynolds,  W  L  Richardson, 
I  Richards,  J  N  Risdon,  C  P  Robinson,  Tod  Robinson,  C  J  Robinson, 
Rt  Robinson,  E  J  Robinson,  W  T  Robinson,  H  E  Robinson,  G  D  Rob- 
erts, F  A  Rutherford,  C  T  Ryland,  E  B  Ryan,  R  F  Ryan,  R  H  Rogers. 

S— J  E  Selleck,  C  H  Seileck,  J  W  Shanklin,  T  B  Shannon,  H  Shart- 
zer,  S  W  Shaw,  H  A  Shelton,  CF  Scholl,  Alex  Smith,  Wm  H  Smith, 
Williams  Smith,  N  P  Smith,  A  Staples,  C  Stevens,  J  Stevenson,  Dr  J  D 
B  Stevenson,  W  W  Stoval.  J  Stratman,  R  R  Strain,  R  O  Sturdivant,  T 
Sunderland,  C  S  Swasey,  W  F  Swasey,  Dy  Stevens,  H  Scammon,  H  Sea- 
man, C  M  Smith,  C  Scull,  W  H  Stevens'  P  Somerville,  E  V  Sutter.  J  G 
Severance. 

T— G  I  Taggart.  A  S  Taylor,  W  H  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis,  Dr.  M  R 
Tewksbury,  S  C  E  Thayer.  U  B  Thomas,  G  W  Thomas,  H  D  Titcomb,  J 
H  Titcomb,  J  R  Travers,  J  Travers,  Geo  Torrens,  C  R  Thorne,  J  Tomp- 
kins, Dr  J  B  Trask,  T  A  Talbert,  W  J  Tinnin. 

V — R  T  Van  Norden,  J  L  Van  Pragg,  J  Vance,  L  Vesaria, 
W— J  Wade,  J  F  Wade,  T  N  Wand,  C  L  Weller,  W  Weston,  P  J  White, 
HFWhitcher.F  E  R  Whitney.  J  L  Wilson,  J  S  Williams,  H  F  Williams, 
M  V/  Willis,  E  L  Willard,  Edd  Willard,  J  Winchester,  W  Windsor,  H 
Winkle,  J  Winterburn,  G  F  Worth,  J  Wright,  WF  Wyatt,  C  D  Wallace, 
R  R  Wallace,  J  W  Wesson,  P  J  Wood,  Wm  Weston,  F  L  Weeks,  J  W 
Winters,  Wm  Winters,  J  H  Wilson,  F  E  Warren,  A  A  Williamson. 

Z— C  J  Zabel. 

Following  are  the  names  of  a  portion  of  the  old  Forty-niners  who 
are  now  living  in  various  parts  of  the  Union,  who  do  not  belong  to 
any  Pioneer  Association,  and  numbering  about  1,200. 

A — L  K  Adams,  V  Anthony,  D  T  Abbott,  H  Allen,  H  Atwood,  Mr 
Ashe  Aughinbaugh,  J  G  Alindu,  J  M  Adams,  H  Amos,  C  H  Allen, 
W  V  S  Annin,  P  Appling,  H  W  Anderson,  S  T  Allen,  T  Ashton, 
A  C  Adams,  F  Anderson,  W  C  Asher,  D  Akley. 

B— N  B  Bennett,  J  M  Brock,  J  Bamfield,  W  H  Bodfish,  Capt  R  S 
Bodfish,  W  S  Boyder,  Mrs  N  B  Berryman,  J  Bannister,  T  H  Binney, 
M  Braumgan,  Wm  Bell,  R  Banks,  J  W  Brown,  J  E  Brown,  J  N  Brown, 
F  Benjamin,  J  Brooking,  E  Brown,  I  Brownell,  Capt  Badger,  J  Burns, 
W  H  Brown,  J  M  Beth,  F  M  Baker,  H  Bush,  J   W  Barnes,  E  Burson, 


386  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

J  A  Bartlett,  E  D  Bartlett,  H  D  Bartlett,  C  C  Bartlett,  John  Bull, 
H  Blair.  D  F  Bradford,  P  F  Bradford,  B  B  Bishop,  B  F  Buttler.  — 
Brower,  Major  W  Bradford,  Wm  Buchannan,  Mary  E  Baley,  A  D  Burke, 
D  Burns,  G  Beesman,  F  A  Bee,  Mrs.  Batterman,  R  W  Bancroft,  W  J 
Brown,  J  Beale,  A  D  Bayles,  J  T  Burkett,  S  Ballou,  Mrs  Branch, 
H  H  Burwell,  S  W  Briggs,  A  N  Bell,  W  I  Bailey,  E  G  Burger,  John 
Baxter,  A  Braunagan,  J  T  Boley,  J  F  Bernard,  A  J  Biglovv,  J  B  Burr, 
H  C  Beals,  E  S  Bennett,  R  M  Brock,  Dr  C  Burrell,  W  M  Borden, 
T  J  Bedford,  J  Brown  Jr,  J  F  Batenian,  Catherine  M  Brown,  E  W  Burr, 
W  Bosworth,  J  H  Bailey,  F  Bates,  G  W  Branch,  Mrs  M  Branch,  G  H 
Briggs,  J  Q  V  A  Brown,  E  Burton,  V  Baker,  N  S  Bennett. 

C — C  D  Cleaveland,  J  W  Chiles,  C  SCram,  W  A  Campbell,  S  Colling, 
G  F  Culbertson,  John  Cornelius,  W  H  Card,  W  Cooper,  H  Classen, 
C  W  Childs,  S  W  Carr,  Myron  Culver,  I  Cooper,  Thos  Clark,  J  C  Cas- 
well, J  A  Cunningham,  A  Cushing,  Mrs  D  Chaetin,'VV  D  Carter,  E  S  Code, 
C  Cushman,  J  Cavanaugh,  J  M  Carter,  L  Cleman,  J  Christy,  J  Collins, 
R  S  Groom,  G  W  Cook,  C  W  Cook,  J  H  Crocheron,  H  M  Carter, 
H  B  Chase,  G  W  Chedic,  W  P  Clohey,  Wm  L  Coffin,  A  W  Clough, 
J  B  Clark,  S  S  Culverwell,  S  R  Chayotte,  W  L  Carpenter,  F  Chapellet, 
J  P  Chamberlain,  J  Chew,  F  F  Culver,  R  Christian,  N  J  Christian, 
D  F  Choate.  A  D  Champney,  J  M  Catron,  A  B  Carter,  G  D  Connor, 
J  F  Cloutman,  J  11  Cills,  J  M  Conway,  Miss  E  C  Coumbe,  F  Cooper, 
Chas  Cambers,  G  M  Coll.  W  J  Clark,  Mrs  M  Conrad,  John  Conrad, 
Geo  Conrad,  Jackson  Conrad,  P  A  Chalfant,  J  Capell,  James  Cass,  A  L 
Clend,  Capt  G  Clinch,  J  M  Cary,  W  P  Callahan. 

D— H  B  Davis,  Dixon  &  Wife,  H  E  Dudley.  S  C  Dicus,  W  E  Dodge, 
Susan  Dixon,  H  K  Dean,  Mrs  A  M  Dickinson,  D  H  Dille,  C  B  Darwin, 
H  Detels,  J  J  Dean,  G  Douglass,  John  Dugan,  W  A  Dashiel,  C  J  G 
Doveton,  B  F  Dennison.  J  L  Durkee,  J  B  F  Davis,  — Dullord,  J  A  Dou- 
glass, B  H  Dean,  A  L  Downer, — Diggs,  E  A  Dean,  Alex  Drysdale  James 
Donahue,  E  G  Dietz,  Mrs  D  B  Durant,  D  O  Dodge,  C  H  Dewey, 
J  Delano,  J  W  Dager,  B  Deming,  R  E  Doyle,  J  Dameron,  J  M  Darnell, 
D  D  Dutton,  J  P  Duncan,  J  P  DeGroph,  Wm  Dresser,  A  L  Downer. 

E — Robt  Egbert,  Oliver  Egbert,  John  Egbert,  Rensalaer  Ellis, 
T  F  Eyres,  R  K  Emerson,  A  C  Ensley,  F  Elery,  T  M  Estey,  Mr  Eisen- 
hardt.  T  Ellsworth,  JAG  Edwards,  Mr  Enows,  J  T  Eckerson,  M  Eagan, 
W  Eaves,  J  E  Eastman,  Mr  Edmonstone,  O  E  Eckelmann,  J   R  Ellison, 

F— Mrs  C  J  Furlong,  G  S  Faulkner,  A  Ford,  G  K  Fitch.  P  Flannegan, 
E  J  Fowler,  L  B  Fine,  A  C  Fine,  Mrs  Louisa  Fine,  Dr  A  Fine,  J  R  E 
Fine,  J  H  Flannigan,  MrsGFritch.O  H  Foster,  J  H  B  Foster,  F  S  Free- 
man, J  B  Farney,  W  K  Fenton,  B  N  Fox,  I  Ferguson,  W  B  Floyd, 
J  C  Fithian,  R  J   Fc-bes,  A  H   Ferguson,  James   Fulton,  G  H   F'isher, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  387 

J  W  Frye,  R  M  Field,  James  Field.  Vincent  Foster,  Chas  Foulke, 
S  Fcnlev,  J  K  Field,  Capt  Faral,  W  T  Fitzpatrick,  C  C  Foley,  Mrs  M 
Ford,  D  Fairchild,  E  H  Ferris,  Mr  L  Feliz. 

G— W  H  Gibbs,  J  S  Gibbs,  B  T  Gillum,  H  Garcelon,  A  B  Galbraith, 
H  Grissim,  L  Guinard,  G  G  Gardner,  A  K  Grimm,  Mrs  C  Guthrie, 
P  Gordon,  W  A  Gardner,  T  M  Gregory,  M  Green.  J  R  Gilbert,  M.s  M 
Gordon.  J  Gardner,  Asa  Gage,  W  N  Geepslill,  J  H  Guigley,  G  F  Gashan, 
C  D  Gibbs,  E  P  Givens,  J  H  Gordon,  A  Griffith,  L  F  Geisse.  G  Grotes- 
end,  J  M  Garovette.  G  F  Geisse,  G  W  Green,  F  G  Gofif,  L  N  Gates, 
Major  Glinn,  J  Goldman,  C  A  Granger,  S  W  Gildersleeve,  J  Gard, 
D  Gard,  Wm  Gard,  L  Gard,  J  Giles,  E  A  Gibson,  J  Goodale,  H  C  Glom- 
sin,  Wm  Goodhall,  J  Greene,  Mrs  W  Grigg,  G  W  Grawnis,  G  Goodridge, 
E  Gove,  Thos  Gihon,  Wm  Gilbart,  G  A  Gillespie,  R  Grippin. 

H— J  Hart,  H  V  Herbert,  W  D  L  Hall,  N  B  Hoyt,  G  W  Harris,  L 
Harnett,  J  J  Higgins,  W  G  Hudson,  G  Harris.  —  Holladay,  J  A  Hop- 
kins, G  M  Harris,  L  B  Howes,  Josiah  Hall,  S  Hudson,  J  Hudson,  T  S 
Hamilton,  D  M  Hansom,  W  P  Hansom,  T  Hinckley,  W  Holder,  S  S 
Hussey,  A  C  Hosmer,  C  C  Hyde,  A  A  Hicox,  Margaret  M  Hicox,  A  N 
Hicox,  Hamden  Hicox,  J  W  Haly.  O  C  Hawkins,  W  A  Hamilton,  J  J 
Hendrickson,  W  W  Haney,  T  Hinkley,  J  Hollingsworth,  Mrs  J  N  M 
Haddock,  Wm  Hall,  Jothan  Howland,  C  R  Hoppin,  W  H  Huston,  Mrs 
E  H  Haley,  J  Heywood,  J  P  Hoyt,  N  Hawk,  Mrs  E  Hawk,  W  H  Hawk, 
Mrs  B  H  Hoag,  Mrs  T  Harrison.  J  Hilly,  Sam  Hicks,  Chas  Hicks,  John 
Hagan,  James  Hagan,  Tom  Hale,  Ed  Hearn,  J  Howerton,  J  J  Ham- 
mond, I  J  Harrington,  W  H  Hester,  J  B  Henry,  Mrs  F  Hutchinson, 
James  Hall,  E  W  Howe,  W  Hendrie,  W  L  Hopkins,  G  W  Hebron,  J  T 
Holmes,  N  W  Hulse,  J  P  B  Hill,  L  E  Harthan.  A  H  Hoos,  —  Hitchell, 
M  Heallim,  S  Hudson,  C  S  Hatch,  Asa  Howard,  I  M  Haley,  James 
Hilly,  J  V  Harrison.  D  Hamilton.  James  Heard.  N  E  Hanson.  J  F  Han- 
son, D  A  Hanson,  A  Hall.  J  B  Horrell.  A  C  Hewitt,  J  J  Hendrickson,  A  A 
Hyatt,  J  Hobart,  P  Hays,  W  Hays.  A  Hemme,  C  Hammerschmidt.  Wm 
Hopper,  H  M  Hervey,  P  A  Haven,  W  C  Holman,  S  B  Hooton,  C  A 
Hough. 

J — H  Jones,  J  R  Jacobs,  B  Jacobs,  D  Johnson,  W  N  Jenkins,  R 
Jenkinson,  Thos  Jenkinson,  H  B  Janes,  Jarvis  Jewitt,  J  H  Jacobs,  J  M 
Jackson,  W  S  Jacks,  W  T  Jamesor.  E  Johnson,  J  H  Jones,  W  Jew- 
ell, jr,  Jasper  Jurgens,  H  F  Johnson,  R  Josephi.  A  Jurmel,  H  Jones, 
Wm  Jones,  S  W  Johnson. 

I^_J  C  Kemp,  J  E  Kimball,  J  A  Kenny,  Dr  J  Kunkler,  D  Klanbery, 
S  J  Kellog,  M  L  King,  W  A  Knight,  B  F  Kellum,  D  Kenyon, 
N  Kuell,  E  D  Ketchum,  A  G  Kennan,  A  F  Karchival,  B  M  Kelly, 
A  D  Kelly,  C  Kean,  COD  Kelly,  W  L  Knox,  T  Kingsbury,  L  Keysc-, 


388  THE  ARGO.VAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

C  C  Knight,  E  T  Keyser,  G  Klayber,  E  R  Koynon,  Mrs  F  Kripp,  H  Ken- 
dall, G  P  Kellogg:  G  Kinney,  S  B  Kingsbury. 

L— J  H  Lowell.  G  M  Lowrey,  C  H  Lamon,  W  B  Ludlow,  A  C  Long- 
more,  G  B  Lusington,  M  M  Lucas,  Mrs  Kate  Lamar,  R  T  Liddle,  J  C 
Layton,  J  H  Leonard,  B  Lequilous,  C  Latimer,  H  Lusk,  John  Lawson, 
D  G  Lamoree,  Mrs  D  Loyn,  B  Lincoln,  C  E  Lang,  W  N  Leet,  S  Longley, 
Mr  Lipp,  VV  F  Levens,  W  S  Lyon,  Con  Lare,  Rev  J  L  Leach,  Mrs  Annie 
Leach,  R  Lewis,  R  Lane,  R  H  Lawrence,  F  C  Loring,  C  F  Loring, 
D  Locke,  T  Labadie,  Mrs  Eliza  Lambert,  R  Latham,  Mrs  Latham, 
C  C  Luttrell,  Nancy  Luttrell,  Ed  Lyon,  A  B  Lafarge,  C  W  Lawless, 
M  R  Lard. 

jyj — J  Murphy,  McRoberts,  G  T  Mordecia,  G  May,  Wm  Mock, 
H  Myers,  Mrs  J  E  Morton,  W  J  Marsh,  Wm  McCroney,  M  McLaughlin, 
D  C  McKenney,  W  H  Morony,  D  H  Meyers.  E  F  Morse,  J  R  Megar- 
regle,  W  L  Manley,  Mrs  J  McGreen,  J  McChapin,  |  C  Merrill,  J  H  Mc 
Casland,  G  E  Mulhause,T  Mooney,  A  L  Murphy,  C  Marsae,  I  S  Mathews, 
T  G  Martin,  G  McCroskey,  J  D  McCoomb,  T  Manser,  W  E  Miller, 
P  Murpbey,  McCauley,  G  Meredith,  McDaniel,  J  McKew,  Wm  McNers, 
Mrs  S  P  Martin,  Mcllwain,  H  P  McCleare,  B  F  Mead,  E  Moore,  A  J 
Moulder,  F  M  Montague,  J  W  Myrick,  E  A  Moore,  E  E  Matteson, 
Wm  Magee,  D  Markham,  N  H  Meany,  M  Martines.  E  H  Marton,  Mrs 
E  McDowell,  L  B  Myers,Wm  McGriff,  W  K  Miller,  J  Morrell.P  A  Maul- 
din,  J  S  Morris,  H  Moore,  C  R  Mayhew,  Mayhew  Sr,  F  R  Meyer,  J  O 
Mahony,  D  O  Mahony,  J  F  Madden,  Jerome  Madden,  J  W  McCabe, 
W  S  Moses,  H  R  Morton,  F  Murrow,  Robt  Mills,  Isaiah  Mitchell, 
G  M  Mory,  S  B  Martine,  Wm  H  McKinston.  "* 

N— C  Nelson,  S  P  Nye,  U  S  Nye,  W  N  Nesbit,  J  Nicholl,  G  F  Nourse, 
John  Noonan,  J  N  Noble,  Capt  A  F  Noles,  John  Nesbit,  S  N  Norton, 
Capt  H  M  Norton,  T  Nugent. 

0— T  V;  Osborn,  G  W  Ousley,  J  C  Owen,  J  O'Brien,  B  S  Osborn, 
O  Owens,  P  A  Owens.  M  G  Oakley,  R  Owen,  James  Olds,  S  R  Osgood, 
W  Odenheimer. 

P— D  W  Payson,  G  T  Purdy.  J  F  Perry,  G  J  Phelan,  H  A  Pike,  Mrs 
T  Pendegrast,  F  Peterson,  G  A  Poor,  S  W  Prothero,  G  Pfeifter,  J  Pryon, 
Jose  Pina,  W  H  Peck,  T  H  Porter,  Theop'ls  Pugh,  S  A  Potter,  W  M 
Powers,  J  Q  Packard,  J  Paine,  Llewllyn  Pierce,  M  S  Prime,  S  A  Pollard, 
H  M  Peck,  Wm  Paty,  A  B  Paul,  W  O  Phillips,  Mr  Parazett,  W  J 
Pleasants,  J  E  Pleasants,  Joseph  Paine,  R  Parke,  Capt  D  Poole,  E  S 
Penfield,  J  T  Palmer.  A  J  Patman,  G  W  Powell,  R  L  Patton,  F  F 
Pardee,  E  H  Perry,  R  J  Porter. 

R— J  W  Robertson,  V  Ramella,  F  D  Robinson,  J  Rackliffe,  S  A 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORAUA.  389 

Rackliffe,  F  E  Ruggles,  Mrs  Maria  Rich,  A  G  Read,  Wm  Ricketts,  W 
H  Ratenbury,  Revel  Robinson,  J  Runyon,  A  W  Rice,  F  H  Reynolds, 
C  P  Reno,  E  Reynolds,  G  C  Raney,  J  Reddick  H  Rhodes,  A  E  Raynes, 
A  Richter,  C  F  Reed,  H  W  Rice,  M  Redding,  J  C  Remp,  S  J  Richard- 
son, J  W  Rodgers,  J  A  Rhodes,  Jasper  Rand,  M  D  C  Ruddock,  F  Rohrer, 
C  Rohrer,  L  Rogers,  N  S  Reynolds,  P  Ragan,  Mrs  J  W  Relley,  C  E 
Raabe,  Mrs  E  Rust,  E  W  Richardson,  C  Roadhouse,  W  O  Reynolds, 
J  Ritchie,  A  Requa,  R  Rhead. 

S— Capt  W  A  Shelley,  Dr  S  S  Skiff,  C  G  Shipman,  W  N  Steuben, 
T  Smith,  P  G  Strickland,  J  D  Snowdon,  G  ASnook,  W  Snook,  B  F  Shep- 
ard,  Mrs  E  M  Sparks,  E  M  Sparks,  J  Scouler,  J  Somers,  Alex  Scraggs,  M  A 
Sawtelle,  JStickney,  Philip  Stoner,  Mrs  NSwietzer,  Isaac  Svvietzer,  James 
Swietzer,  Lowery  Sweitzer,  Lafayette  Sweitzer,  Cornelius  Sweitzer, 
Henry  Sweitzer,  George  Sweitzer,  Caroline  Sweitzer,  Julia  Sweitzer, 
Sam  Smith,  G  W  Spring,  M  W  Styles,  R  B  Snelling,  Otis  Smith,  B  B 
Sullivan,  J  A  Shiercoff,  J  P  Smith,  O  Streshdy,  O  K  Stampley,  S  W 
Sharp,  F  Subletts,  A  Schell,  Mrs  S  R  Strike,  J  P  Schanty,  P  Stoner, 
W  C  R  Smith,  S  S  Short,  J  Strinart,  D  B  Sanborn,  J  G  Sanburn,  G  H 
Shoemaker,  C  E  Stevens,  C  R  Story,  E  Southwick,  W  M  Stillwell,  W  f 
Swales,  G  Shriver,  J  S  Scott,  S  A  Scott,  H  Smith,  H  H  Shuffleton, 
A  J  Speegle,  Mrs  A  J  Speegle,  T  K  L  Smith,  N  H  Spenser,  B  S  Soth- 
ern,  B  Schneidor,  Wm  Smith,  R  Swain,  C  H  Smith,  A  Sherman, 
—  Schwatha,  F  Sanderson,  L  Sanderson,  J  Stuart,  H  H  Shuffleton, 
M  Singleton,  W  Sullaway,  E  N  Strout,  Capt  S  M  Strain.  W  H  Stevens, 
C  T  Seavy.  R  L  Smurthwaite  Dwight  Spencer  G  H  Sprague,  Sarah 
E  Stampley,  Mrs  W  I  Stevens,  G  W  Skey,  R  Shackelford,  Dema 
Strong,  Geo  Sturtevant,  Mrs  S  A  Somerset,  Mrs  M  E  Sabine,  B  F 
Stoakes,  G  Story,  T  Stephenson,  L  Swan. 

T— F  Thomas,  J  A  Towle,  J  B  Taber,  A  R  Tompkins,  V  Thompson, 
G  B  Tebbetts,  Mrs  M  A  Turner,  J  B  Taylor,  John  Thompson,  H  D  Tay- 
lor, S  Talbox,  N  A  Tyler,  S  W  Taylor,  P  Teuscher,  M  Thorpe,  T  H 
Thompson,  J  S  Tolles,  C  Trowbridge,  Mrs  N  Thompson,  W  B  Taylor, 
W  J  Tisdale,  J  Thomas,  E  Taylor,  Mrs  L  Tucker,  C  Todd.  R  R  Truitt, 
J  R  Truit,  H  Truit,  B  K  Thom,  C  Tiong,  H  M  Tice,  A  Trafton,  Mrs  A 
Trafton,  C  F  Travis,  P  Trushee. 

U— G  H  Urban,  M  Ullman. 

V— C  Vandyke,  S  Visher,  D  Van  Nordan,  C  Van  Dotten,  Van  Wie, 
J  J  Van  Alen,  W  M  Vance,   A  M  Van  Horn. 

W— B  M  Wats,  W  B  Wilton,  J  A  Willis,  J  P  White,  Danl  Wood,  J 
H  Washburn,  Mrs  O  Williams,  Orcesna  Williams,  J  L  Wetmore,  C  Wil- 
son, J  F  Winsell,  J  A  Williams,  W  W  White,  J  Whiting.  Louis  WoT>', 
Capt  G  Worth,   H    Wenchcomb,  W  F  Williams.  Mrs  W  T  Woods,   ^r 


390  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Woodward,  T  Williams,  O  C  Wheeler,  Col  Wolfe,  John  Wolfe,  Wm  W 
Wilkins.  Capt  M  White,  M  C  Winchestsr,  Mas  Westphal,  W  C  Wright, 
R  B  Wright,  J  Wilkinson,  R  Weeks,  D  Williams,  E  Williard,  E  P 
Wright,  L  D  Wells,  H  Wagner,  J  Williams,  F  Williams,  Wm  Wheeler, 
C  Ward,  G  Worth,  Mrs  G  Worth,  Gregg  Worth,  H  Waren  sr,  J  H 
Watson  Aug  Williams,  J  Wallace,  H  Woodcock,  J  E  Wood,  E  L 
Willard,  D  C  Webster,  J  O  Wheeler,  H  Z  Wheeler.  H  C  White,  J  D 
Whittle.  F  Wilcox,  L  D  Webb,  E  M  Woodman,  H  Woodd,  G  F  Worth, 
J  W  Woodman,  L  Weber,  F  P  Wehe,  H  S  Waterman,  G  K  Watson, 
Slv^s  White,  G  E  White.  C  Willson,  F  F  Whittier,  Wm  Wood,  Col  H 
Winchester,  Dr  Jn  Walker. 

Y— J  P  Yaney,  G  Young,  C  P  Young. 

Z — J  C  Zumwalta,  J  Zackary,  M  Zellerbach. 

Members  of  the  New  York  City  Pioneer  Association. 

A— E  R  Anthony,  W  C  Annon,  G  H  Andrews,  W  T  Avery.W  C 
Aurain. 

B — Thos  Barclay,  Silas  Babcock,  R  G  Berford,  Jn  Benjamin,  R  W 
Benedict,  Fdk  Billings,  J  J  Bloomlield,  Jacob  Brinckerhoff,  Silas  W 
Brainard,  B  J  Brewster,  W  M  Burgoyne,  L  H  Bunnell,  Gen  E  FBeale, 
Cof  E  F  Burton. 

C— M  B  Carpenter,  F  D  Clark,  S  L  Clapp,  Dr  G  R  Cotton,  Wm  Col- 
ligan,  G  A  Corgan,  Jediah  Conklin,  Genl  M  D  Corse,  L  W  Cogswell, 
H  S  Crandall,  J  P  Curr)^  D  W  Clegg. 

D— G  E  Dean. 

E — J  S  Ellis,  J  C  Emerson,  Jos  Evans,  G  B  Ellery. 

F— A  C  Ferris,  F  P  Fitts,  W  H  Folsom,  Nathn  Fordham,  Sml 
Fordham,  S  B  French,  C  Flower. 

Q_jn  Gault,  G  R  Garniss,  W  M  Gamble,  G  R  Gainin,  R  B  Gheradi, 
Genl  H  G  Gibson,  A  F  Goodell. 

j£_Benj  Hartshorn,  E  J  Hall,  W  A  Hoeber,  G  Hower,  B  M  Halt- 
show,  Capt  W  H  Hudson,  C  P  Huntington,  Jn  Hull. 

I — Gen  Rufus  Ingalls. 

J — Rt  Jenkins,  O  B  Jennings,  G  H  Johnson. 

g — Eugene  Kelly,  J  R  Keene,  Lawrence  Kipp,  W  B  Kinney,  Leonard 
Kipp,  D  W  Klemhaw,  A  M  Kennady. 

I^_john  Laimbeer,  F  B  Lattimer,  G  W  Learned,  A  B  Ludlow,  Lucn 
Loeser,  Jared  Lockwood,  W  J  Logan,  A  O  Larkin,  L  L  Lombard. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  391 

M— S  L  Merchant,  L  R  Means,  D  O  Mills,  Nathl  Miller,  J  J  Milham, 
M  D  Morgan,  I  A  Moran,  C  J  Murphy,  Russl  Myers,  J  J  McCloskey, 
C  J  McPherson,  M  T  McMahon,  H  F  McDermott,  Mchl  McCann, 
A  J  McCall,  H  C  Mattisell. 

N — J  E  Nuttman, 

P— W  H  Paulding,  R  J  Paulison,  T  L  Patterson,  C  H  Pendegrast, 
Dr  Alex  Perry,  J  M  Pray,  J  H  Pratt,  Gen  F  E  Pinto,  G  D  Puffen, 
R  M  Price. 

R — A  H  Rathbone,  G  E  Raum,  J  P  Robinson,  Stephen  Roberts, 
Wm  Roberts.  G  B  Roys,  W  H  Rogers,  Thos  Russell,  E  T  Richardson, 
P  C  Rush,  J  C  Richmond,  J  H  Robertson. 

S — C  W  Schamann,  H  B  Schamann,  J  J  Schoonmaker,  W  T  Sher- 
man, W  J  Sherwood,  Jas  Shindlar,  W  F  Shirley.  Jn  Sickels,  Hv  Smith, 
Lucas  Smith,  Rt  Somerville,  J  E  Spinney,  J  A  Sperry,  C  A  Sprague, 
Demas  Strong,  C  R  Street,  Chas  Stern,  J  S  Stevenson,  I  P  Stephens, 
J  W  Sutton,  Gen  T  VV  Sweeney,  J  M  Selover. 

T — J  A  Throckmorton,  S  R  Thorne,  W  N  Thompson,  Hy  Thomp- 
son, Jas  Thompson,  L  P  Thursby,  J  D  Townsend,  Fdk  Townsend,  H  L 
Twiggs,  W  L  Tyson,  C  H  Therman,  Jas  Trimble, 

V— A  A  Vantine,  Geo  Van  Vechter,  D  P  Vail,  D  L  Vanderhayden. 

W— Chas  Watrous,  W  M  Watson,  J  E  Walker,  B  E  Watson,  J  H 
Welch,  T  J  Wells,  H  A  Weeks,  Hy  Wilson,  M  D  Wilber,  W  H  Williams, 
Thos  Wilson,  J  M  Wiltsie,  Rev  Albert  Williams,  Jn  Wolfe,  V  S  Wood- 
ruff, E  H  Winchester, 

The  names  of  Pioneers  now  residing  in  the  city  of  Baltimore  and 
vicinity  : 

Lieut  W  H  Watkins.  W  A  Wentz,  J  F  Hunter,  G  Meredith,  J  L 
Stieff,  J  W  Numsen,  E  M  Abell,  T  S  Stratton,  J  Sputer,  TC  Button,  R 
Griffith,  Dr  J  S  Martin,  B  Trotters,  E  Pierce,  J  Clements,  T  I  Grot- 
yan,  C  Markland,  Ed  Hyat,  N  H  Jennings,  D  R  I  Hall,  Rt  Read,  Dr  S 
H  Martin,  T  G  Morrow,  James  Johnson,  Daniel  Donnelly,  D  C  Kone, 
H  Bowers,  W  E  Stuart,  Wm  Hull,  D  French,  Joseph  Auer,  H  B  Tivin- 
ing,  C  W  Pnlman,  E  Drey,  Rd  Turner,  Jas  Clements,  H  B  Tivining, 
John  Mauldin,  E  A  Miller,  P  T  Dawson,  James  Nugent,  Wm  Deviere 
G  V  Phelps,  C  Wick,  John  Ellicott,  G  M  Tower,  I  Myers,  A  Cooper, 
J  R  Gould,  W  H  Jenkins,   W  E  Banks,  D  French,  S  Merritt,  J  H  Handy. 

Following  are  the   names  of  Pioneers  resident  of  Washington, 
D.  C: 
Col  Wintersmith,  T  E  Hatch,  J  A  Smith,  J  T  Harbach,  J  C  McKebben, 


392  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORMA. 

Gen  H  C  Gibson,  S  M  Briggs,  Capt  L  L  Blake,  J  H  Magruder,  E  B  Mac- 
Groty,  J  R  Howard,  T  C  Murr,  G  T  Dawson,  J  C  Miller,  W  H  Barstow, 
J  F  Molere,  John  Prier,  R  Weller,  H  Brock,  G  H  Miller,  Gen  St  Clair 
Denver.  T  Cavanaugh,  D  Seeles,  Judge  W  W  Wiyllie,  M  D  Wcgand,  J 
H  Hopkins,  T  J  Nelson,  W  H  Claggett,  Dr  T  O  Hill,  C  Noyes,  G  C 
Gorham,  W  C  Mclntyre,  Admiral  Almy,  W  VV  Belknapp,  Col  F  B  Shaf- 
ter,  L  V  Reeves,  W  H  Dempsey,  J  W  Butler,  Scott  Towers,  J  D  Darden, 
T  O  Partridge,  C  H  Stenyon  jr,  J  Burroughs,  W  C  Dodge,  H  Kilbourne, 
John  Mullan, 

Members  of  the  New  England  Pioneer  Association,  Boston,  Mass. 

A — John  Adams,  Edward  P  Adams,  Chas  M  Abbott,  D  R  Arnold, 
Henry  M  Arnold,  Cyrus   C  Atwell,  Isaiah  Aubens,  Eugene  B  Atwell. 

B — Fred  K  Ballou,  Francis  M  Ball,  Saml  P  Barker,  George  Barron, 
J  Prescott  Blake,  A  J  Bolton,  Nicholas  Bovey,  Harvey,  Bowen,  Henry 
W  Bowen,  Henry  T  Bowman,  John  Boyd,  David  S  Boynton,  Geo  L 
Bradley,  Albert  H  Breed,  Caleb  T  Briggs,  Charles  A  Brown,  Theodore 
Brown,  Ephraim  Brown,  James  Burdick,  John  A  Burgess,  Noah  P  Bur- 
gess, Wm  Cyrus  Barker,  Jas  Henry  Burnett,  Geo  H  Buxton,  Alonzo 
Buxton,  Fred  L  Beaman,  Wm  Henry  Benton, 

C — R  Earl  Carpenter,  Samuel  Carr,  Morse  L  Capen,  Chas  E  Chapin, 
Saml  A  Chapin,  Andrew  J  Chase,  Wm  Chatfield,  Richard  Chenery, 
Greenville  H  Child,  Albion  Chipman,  Daniel  A  Clark,  Geo  C  Clark, 
Jullius  L  Clarke,  Leander  W  Cogswell,  Jonathan  Cobb,  Moses  S  Colby, 
Elihu  W  Colcord,  Eph  S  Colley,  John  Conness,  Cornelius  Cooledge, 
Stephen  A  Connell,  Wm  F  Coudrey,  Geo  H  Cushman,  Geo  A  Gushing, 
Oliver  S  Cressy,  Geo  W  Crampton,  Seth  R  Clark. 

D — Chas  Augustus  E  Dole,  Thos  Franklin  Dyer,  Wm  J  Dunkham, 
James  M  Drew,  Richard  Dowst,  Augustus  L  Dole,  Mary  L  Davis,  Joseph 
Delong,  Walter  S  Dickson,  Jos  B  Dillaway,  Olney  Dodge,  Jonathan 
Davis. 

E — Hosea  Ballou  Ellis,  John  H  Evereth,  George  Emerson,  Shirley  A 
Elsbee. 

F — Chas  Henry  Fifield,  Amos  E  Fillebrown,  Josiah  Fitz  3d,  Warren 
Fletcher,  Geo  W  Forristall,  fienry  M  Forristall,  Nathaniel  Fuller,  Step- 
hen White  Foster. 

G — Benj  S  Grush,  Robert  D  Griggs,  Benj  F  Griggs,  Chas  C  Green- 
ough,  Jas  Artemas  Green,  Jas  S  Green,  Cyrus  Greely,  Isaiah  Graves, 
Edward  Y  Graves,  Amos  E  Graves,  James  A  Grant,  Joshua  B  Grant, 
Geo  W  Goldsmith,  John  H  Goldsmith,  Chas  B  Goodrich,  Loring  W 
Gleason,  John  Glancy,  Lemuel  Gilson,  G  D  Gilman,  John  W  Gilchrist, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALFIOAW/A.  393 

Chas  F  Gifford,  Isaac  Gardner,  Albert  W  Gale,  Edwin  Gage,  Saml  W 
Gage. 

H — Richard  Harrington,  Augustus  Harrington,  Josiah  Hayward, 
Jos  E  Huse,  J  M  Humphrey,  Henry  G  Hubon,  Joseph  Morrill  Hoyt, 
Thos  L  Howland,  Joseph  Hohiies,  Geo  L  Hodgkins,  Royal  P  Hodges, 
Joseph  Hillard,  Henry  R  Hildreth,  Alfred  C  Hill,  Wm  L  Henderson, 
R  B  Henderson,  Chas  B  Hazeltine,  Thos  E  Hatch,  Joseph  Hastings, 
Fred  C  Hansen,  Albert  Hamlet,  Robert  C  Hall,  Stephen  A  Hall,  Francis 
L  Hall,  W  H  H  Hall,  Elias  J  Hale,  William  W  Hale,  R  F  E  Hahn,  Isaac 
F  R  Hosea,  G  W  Holly. 

J — Chas  A  Jordan,  John  Johnston,  Saml  W  Jennings,  John  Jackson, 
James  Jackson. 

K — Nathan  Keith,  Alonzo  Kinsley,  Henry  W  Kingsbury,  Mark  D 
Kimball,  Chas  F  Kittredge,  Isaac  B  Kirby, 

L — J  H  Learned,  Wm  P  Leavitt,  Philander  D  Leonard,  Edwin  Litch- 
field, Geo  W  Litchfield,  Geo  C  Lord,  Wm  K  Lambert,  Henry  L  Law- 
rence, Daniel  W  Lawrence,  Allen  C  Lawrence,  Geo  E  Lurgarder. 

M — Geo  Henry  Mann,  Saml  T  Manson,  Benj  T  Martin,  Jas  D  Mc 
Avoy,  ThosC  Miller,  Thos  E  Merrill,  Obed  B  Merrill,  Henry  B  Miller. 
Thos  S  Mitchell,  Abner  J  Moody,  Andrew  J  Morton,  F  B  Mower,  David 
A  Mowry,  Wm  Vose  Monroe,  Wm  McMurphy,  Jas  F  B  Marshall,  Alex- 
ander McLaren,  Jesse  Merrill, 

N — Daniel  W  Nason,  Joseph  G  Nelson,  John  Norton,  Wm  Norton, 
Eph  Lowell  Noyes. 

0 — Stephen  Osgood. 

P — Lowell  Parker,  Samuel  Parr,  David  G  Patterson,  Isaac  S  Pear, 
Fred  E  Pease, Edward  Pease,  Lewis  C  Peck, William  Perkins,  Dr  Daniel 
C  Perkins,  Albert  Perry,  Wm  F  Perry,  Capt  Peter  Peterson,  John  J 
Philbrook,  Charles  Pickett,  Wm  H  Pierce,  Seth  H  Pinkham,  Wm  Gard- 
ner Prescott,  Alfred  N  Proctor. 

Q, — John  Quinn. 

R— William  H  Rand,  Chas  J  Randall,  Wm  W  Reed,  S  N  Ryder,  Geo 
D  Rice,  Seth  Rich,  A  R  Richardson,  Alonzo  H  Richardson,  Thos  Howe 
Robinson, William  Russell, Solomon  S  Rowe,  Burnham  Royce,  Marshall 
Russell. 

S — Jonathan    Salisbury,  Charles  Saville,    Henry   Schrow,    Henry   B 

Shute, Samuel  Snow,  Edward  B  Souther, Isaac  Stone, Charles  E  Stumcke, 

Chas  T  Stumcke,  Geo  H  Stickney,  J   K  Stickney,    Darius  N  Stevens 

Moses  Gilbert  E  S  Steele,  Henry  A  Stearns,   Wake   B  Spurr,  Charles 


394 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Spencer,  M  D  Spaulding,  J  C  Spaulding,  Henry  Souther,  R  G  Smith. 

T— Amasa  Taylor,  Newton  Talbot,  D  D  Taylor,  J  B  Thomas,  Wm  H 
Thomas.  J  H  Thomson,  Geo  H  Tilton,  Wm  J  Towne.Wm  Henry  Towne, 
L  O  Towne. 

U — S  J  Upton,  Franklin  Upton. 

V — Lyman  A  Vaughn. 

W— Edwin  D  Wadsworth,  Seth  D  Wakefield,  Henry  J  Wells,  Wm 
M  West,  Saml  Cutter  Weston,  John  Captain  Weston,  Horam  E  Weston^ 
Peter  Whearty,  Horace  Wheeler,  Augustine  Whitney,  David  S  Whit- 
ney, Benj  Franklin  Whittemore,  Isaac  R  Wilkinson,  George  Willard, 
George  R  Williams,  John  N  Wood,  Edwin  P  Worster,  Eben  Nelson 
Walton,  Richard  R  Wyllie. 

Y — Jefferson  Young. 

By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  F.  D.  Clark,  I  give  the  names  of  the  sur- 
vivors of  Col.  Stevenson's  regiment.  This  regiment  sailed  from  the 
city  of  New  York  in  the  fall  of  '46,  and  arrived  in  California,  March 
6,  1847.  Col.  Stevenson  is  now  eighty-eight  years  of  age  and  a  resi- 
dent of  S.  F. 

Capt  W  G  Marcy,  A  Perry  (surgeon),  W  C  Parker  (asst),  Rev  J  M 
Leavenworth,  E  F  Dunitch  (musictan),  E  Hauff  (musician,  J  C  L  Wads- 
worth,  (clerk),  W  Chipman,  M  Cahill,  R  Clamp,  G  E  Dean.  J  Flood,  S 
O  Houghton,  E  Irwin,  J  McDonough,  R  Myers,  L  A  Munson,  J  O  Sul- 
livan, J  B  Parvin,  M  W  Perry,  W  H  Rogers,  J  Scollan,  J  J  Schoon- 
maker.  T  R  Saunders,  J  W  Thomas,  J  Thompson,  L  P  Thursby,  J  A 
Tait,  Wm  Wooley,  W  H  Williams,  H  C  Mattsell,  T  E  Ketcham,  F  M 
Osgood,  A  J  Ward,  R  Wybourn,  Aaron  Stow,  J  P  Ames,  E  R  Brigham, 
S  A  Catts,  A  S  Cunningham,  J  Gallagher,  A  A  Green,  G  J  Graff,  C 
Heinrich,  J  Horndell,  P  Lynch,  A  J  Moore,  C  J  McPherson,  J  E  Nutt- 
man,  A  Ostwaldt,  S  W  Pearsall,  C  H  Thurston,  Wm  Weiss,  C  S  White, 
G  D  Brewerton,  T  R  Perlee,  J  Aurweller,  W  S  Green,  H  Kamp,  A  G 
Russ,  G  Story,  L  C  Washburn,  C  Zetschsky,  J  A  Chandler,  G  A  Corgan, 
F  D  Clark,  G  C  Dean,  J  Harron,  E  M  Smith,  John  Wood,  A  R  Abbott, 
J  Ruggles,  A  W  Janes,  W  L  Johnson,  C  Lipp,  D  Mulholland,  A  Moore, 
G  Myers,  J  W  Norris,  J  B  Phillips,  W  D  Robinson,  J  Sims,G  W  Toombs, 
P  K  Woodsides,  J  Wolfe,  A  Young,  Capt  N  Taylor,  E  Williams,  E  Bul- 
lock, W  O  Baxter,  C  Briggs,  J  A  Bartlett,  I  C  Johnson,  G  W  M  Leon- 
ard, A  Soeurvoit,  J  H  Welch,  G  J  Graff,  Capt  F  J  Lippitt,  H  S  Carnes, 
A  E  Engelberg,  A  Flying,  J  Lynch,  G  Millhause,  E  N  Milford,  C  Sulli- 
van, D  Frink,  J  Knight,  D  C  Remington,  August  Russ,  C  C  E  Russ, 
W  Shurts,  C  Schlotthoeur,  P  Sessor,  A  Whitaker,  O  W  Willis,  J  Mc  H 


THE  ARGON  A  UlS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  395 

Hollingsworth,  J  H  Adams,  J  Kleinshooth,  A  Pfister,  E  D  Shirland. 
C  Schroter,  T  J  Wells,  R  Wilson,  Capt  J  B  Frisbie,  G  N  Comwell, 
W  H  Folsom,  Wm  Grow,  A  Gehringer,  R  M  Goldwaite,  J  H  Lappens, 
G  W  Lathrop,  Wm  L  Lampmann,  S  G  Merrill,  Joseph  Reid,  G  Van 
Vechten,  P  B  Hewlett,  J  Evans,  J  C  Emerson,  C  Hitt,  W  Luker,  J  A 
Vincent,  K  F  Leach,  J  H  Merrill,  J  H  McKay. 

The  following  Pioneers  are  at  present  residing  in  the  Atlantic 
States. 

Col  A  C  Ferris,  John  H  Fisher,  John  Gault,  Gen  H  G  Gibson  USA, 
A  T  Goodell,  R  R  Griffith,  Joseph  B  Hill,  Geo  H  Johnson,  Hon  Corn- 
elius Lydecker,  Lemuel  R  Mears,  Gilmon  Meredith,  Capt  R  W  Meade 
U  S  N,  James  J  McCloskey,  Robt  H  McKune,  Richard  J  Paulison,  Silas 
H  Quint,  John  Sickles,  H  B  Scharman,  Gen  T  W  Sweeney  U  S  N,  John 
D  Townsend,  Henry  L  Twiggs,  Wm  M  Walton,  Henry  Wilson,  Jas  M 
Wiltsie,  Gen  Francis  Darr,  Stephen  L  Merchant,  G  B  Roys,  Hon  M  D 
Wilber,  H  L  Wister,  Wm  CoUigan,  I  Robinson  Warren,  L  L  Lombard, 
R  G  Berford,  Dr  G  Q  Colton,  Chas  R  Street,  L  Colt,  S  Baker,  M  Bene- 
dict, T  Evershed,  S  B  Farman,  T  J  Griffiths,  W  R  Hopkins,  W  S  Hard, 
H  Hadden,  B  L  Horton,  S  T  Miller,  Wm  Hall,  A  S  Marvin,  G  A  Mirick, 
L  Moses,  T  C  Orean,  J  H  Rochester,  R  Smith,  Mr  Ausburg,  D  B  Allen, 
E  L  Burnham,  M  Bannigan,  J  R  Batchelder,  Hy  Brown,  R  Cummings, 
Capt  Comstock,  Alex  Cuttler,  G  Godfrey,  J  French,  G  S  Ford,  Jos 
Gardner,  Wm  Hayward,  Hubd  Hunt,  E  Hillyer,  J  T  Jackson,  E  |  Jack- 
son. A  B  Light  &  Wife,  G  W  McLean,  Augs  Nicols,  C  C  Penfield,  C 
Radcliffe,  B  Reinolds,  J  B  Richardson,  G  A  Raymond,  Theo  Russell, 
J  P  Hunt,  John  MuUan,  J  Morrill,  L  Saunders,  J  T  Turner,  W  Vinyard, 
Nathl  Weed,  Lorenzo  Wood,  H  Washburn,  Capt  Byers,  J  F  Morris, 
C  S  Cummings,  A  B  Cooke,  Jo       Howard  Jr. 

Following  is  a  list  of  a  portion  of  those  Pioneers  who  crossed  the 
continent  for  California  in  1849. 

Company  that  left  Memphis,  Tenn.,  March  21st. 

Capt  J  C  Bradley,  W  L  Bradley,  J  D,  L  D  &  H  D  Berry,  W  Thomp- 
son, M  B  Cook,  Dr  Kennerly,  J  A  Jackson,  A  C  Gibson,  W  C  Stone, 
W  C  Ddvis,  W"  Jennings,  D  Humphrey,  D  M  Poole,  J  McKinney,  Wm 
Stephenson,  Capt  R  S  Miller.  W  Hubbard,  T  Nixon,  G  Applegate,  R 
Applegate,  A  A  Gray,  Wm  Mann,  E  Forster,  G  Carpenter.  S  McMiller, 
R  Bearley,  Capt  M  D  Floyd.  F  Neely,  Pat  Fanning,  G  R  Henson,  Mr 
Taylor,  J  Murphy,  B  H  Rankin,  Robt  Steele,  R  B  Foster,  J  Y  Silvers, 
B  M  Doxey.  H  B  Woodward,  Ben  Woodward,  Jn  Greshan,  Jn  Willis, 
R  S  Wright,  R  Y  Kirckpatrick,  Willis  &  R  B  Macon,  Capt  Faquharson, 


396  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Rev  M  M  Marshall,  Rev  J  M  Small.  Dr  W  A.  J  &  J  C  Russell.  R  C  Mc 
Elvin,  H  R  Street,  R  McKinney,  Jas  Pearson,  C  A  McDaniel,  R  E  Lil- 
lians. J  J  Greer,  C  N  Slater,  J  W  Horton,  T  D  Murray,  J  R  Boyles,  B  T 
Commour,  B  T  Ramsey,  J  McCartney,  E  B  Reinhart,  N  N  James,  J  E 
Clarke,  J  A  Zinley,  Chas  Mosley,  A  M  Batie,  R  E  Patrick,  W  R  Arnett 
J  P  Homan,  D  V  Mallan,  Arthur  King,  M  S  Franklin.  T  H  White,  A  S 
Fulton,  T  Moran,  JDS  Sullivan,  Jn  McKeon,  M  Gafney,  C  Sleeper,  H 
Williams,  Jos  White,  Perry  White,  Dr  J  H  Holmes,  M  Rudolph,  J  H 
Anthony,  E  Houston,  Jas  Littlefield,  Dr  C  R  Culler,  Dr  L  L  Battle, 
Wm  Perry,  Dr  W  W  Nelson,  A  O  Faush  F  Faush,  H  W  C  Nelson, 
J  Prother.  J  A  Bevid,  Dr  W  Kitrell,  R  J  Featherston.  W  Skinner, 
W  G  Williams,  B  Lanier. 

From  Arkansas,  April  i6. 

Tom  Hughes,  H  Dwinal,  Dr  J  E  Pelham,  W  B  Searey,  Jn  Stone, 
Lloyd  Magruder,  J  R  Seary.  Wm  Hughes,  J  G  Malcomb,  S  Waugh, 
P  Cheney,  Eli  Ward  &  Son,  Capt  S  Williams. 

From  Iowa,  April  5. 

F  W  Brooks,  Wm  Moore,  Lafayte  Brooks,  Rubn  Worrell,  G  Worrell, 
J  S  Mc  Clure,  Jer  Freel,  P  Jackson,  J  S  Mathis,  L  Fouts,  L  P  Reed, 
Moses  Jordon,  Mr.  Sidell  &  Wife,  Pres  Dunlap,  M  McCaslin,  Eph  Moore, 
Jas  Taylor,  C  H  Jordan,  Geo  Pearson,  Win  Hendric,  Luther  Mead, 
Josiah  Suttle,  D  Purcell,  Jos  Myers,  Jn  Farmer,  W  W  Scott,  Jacob 
Arrick,  C  Suttle,  Gmn  Saddler,  Thos  Hutchinson,  Arthur  Sullivan, 
C  Denmark,  Dd  Russell,  Alonzo  Sargeant,  M  Blair,  Rbt  Anderson, 
C  Hughes,  L  Austin,  J  C  Brant,  Wm  Valentine,  Jthn  Donald,  D  Red. 
ding,  N  Sargeant,  J  Mmer,  Mr  Rankin,  C  F  Mathews,  Wm  Chichester, 
L  B  Austin,  NW  Wille&  Son.  Mr  Bond  &  Fair,  Z  Kinsell,  H  Blair, 
Jas  Cochran,  S  F  Stevens,  T  Sater,  Jn  Burkholder,  Sm  Eikenburg,  Hi 
Fairbanks,  Dd  Wheatly,  Jos  Moflfett,  Chs  Miller,  A  W  Gordon,  Jas  Cor- 
dill,  A  G  Walling,  Josh  Holland.  N  M  Ives,  F  O  Beckett,  P  Keihler, 
Jer  Buford,  Jake  Elliott,  Levi  Moffett,  Dan  Rover,  Hy  Moore,  J  S  David, 
Oliver  Cottle,  Shonn  Knox,  Jn  Buttles,  Wm  Ritchey,  F  Daniels,  Andrew 
Sturgist.  Jacob  Seffler. 

From  Illinois,  April  20th  : 

H  E  Maynard.  T  P  Dunham,  Thos  Clements,  Lem  Wade,  Jere  Letts, 
P  A  Haven,  C  Haven,  Jas  Owen,  Nelson  Smith,  H  Hines,  Gustavs 
Pierson.  S  Young,  H  White.  S  Potter,  Wm  McGenness,  J  Larroway, 
Dr  D  Whitmore,  Sm  Whitmore,  Jas  Connor.  Andrew  Sterling.  T 
Wheeler,  W  Fennesy,  Col  G  S  Fake,  Dd  Fake,  F  S  Fellows,  F  Gritz- 


I HR  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALFIORNIA.  2>97 

ner,  Mr  Wolf,  Hy  Eddy  &  family,  J  Zumwalt  &  family  of  8  children,  P 
Bailey  &  family,  Pt  Rowan,  Hu  Rowan,  Jas  Dunn,  J  S  Waite  wife  and 
5  children,  Harry  Wade  &  family,  Pat  Bannon,  Jas  Gallaj^her,  Mr  Tally^ 
A&  P  Mcintosh,  A  Stillman,  L  Doolittle,  Dr  &  E  Kimberly,  Chs  Getz- 
ler,  R  Hamilton,  J  W  Norris,  Mr  Cowles,  Mr  Elmer,  Hy  Cook,  Mr 
Carter,   Mr  Wilson,  Mr  Lieser,  Oliver  Clark,  Coleman  &  Smith. 

From  Indiana,  March  26th  : 

Dr  J  Prichard,  Dan  T  &  Dd  B  Woods,  Jn  Bloomfield,  H  R  Hannah, 
Jn  Frazier,  Natn  Gibson,  Wm  Young  Mr  Simmers,  J  M  Williams,  Isaa 
Suflfrius,  G  B  Tingley.  N  Hayden,  N  W  Cox,  H  Carr,  W  B  Maddux, 
J  J  Nicholas,  J  H  Carr,  A  J  Crawford,  G  Stowe,  R  Bsale  &  Aldridge, 
W  Miller,  Dr  J  A  Henricks,  D  W  C  Willoughby,  E  S  Reynolds,  W  L 
Woodward,  M  B  Miller,  C  Johnson,  W  J  Saavely,  Wm  Massin,  Geo 
Pierson,  J  Linderman. 

Company  from  St.  Jo.,  June  15th  : 

J  H  Hall,  D  Guilmartin,  D  &  W  Shall,  Rev  H  Kroh,  F  Budker  &  W  H 
Nordhold. 

Company  from  Cincinnatti  and  other  places  started  June  nth: 

W  H  Smith,  M  Powell,  J  M  Cobb,  Hirm  Davis,  Dr  C  Duncombee,  J 
Biles,  C  Cresewello,  O  Green,  W  R  Lawrence,  J  H  Taylor,  Jon  Adams, 
L  A  Quimby,  Wm  Wigton,  R  Fish,  Dd  Smith,  L  H  Sandborn,  Jas 
Langson. 

Company  from  Boston,  April  4th  : 

Bkt  Lord,  W  C  Felch,  S  D  Osborn,  Jesse  Winslow,  D  J  Staples,  J  A 
Hough,  A  C  Sweetser,  H  W  Dickinson,  B  C  Evans,  T  H  McGrath. 

Company  from  Tenn.,  April  4th  : 

R  B  Alexander,  W  C  Bradley,  Wm  Bradley,  Wm  Anthony,  Tim  John- 
son, J  H  Martin,  Jthn  White.  Alex  Scrivener,  S  Bennett,  Ls  Riddle,  J 
Nicholson,  A  Ellis,  W  Brevard,  Wm  Lawton,  Thos  Duffy,  J  Crenshaw, 
Isaac  Byrne,  H  Cox,  J  S  Copeland,  E  &  H  Johnston,  L  M  Debow,  T  P 
Trotts,  J  Burgess,  J  H  Sarver,  W  Akin,  Dr  Anthony. 

Company  from  St  Louis,  April  22d  : 

A  Jones,  D  F  Snyder,  W  P  Jakson,  S  Jones,  A  Haper,  E  Garrison,  M 
J  Hirk,  J  J  Papy,  J  L  Phillips,  R  S  Hernandez,  C  W  Morment,  G  N 
Langford.  H  M  Herbert,  O  Neeley,  G  Wornack,  E  J  Cook,  J  L  Tinnen. 


398  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

From  Ohio,  May  ist: 

L  S  Thatcher,  C  Turner.  B  F  Adams,  Dr  S  Mathews,  H  K  Forbes,  M 
T  Turney.  H  C  Ely,  J  W  Amy,  Isaac  Green,  E  E  BUgh,  H  P  Cady,  M  N 
Fox,  A  B  Trowbridge,  Eli  Manly,  G  W  Reynolds,  A  D  Downing,  J 
Hunter,  Jn  Coulter,  J  H  Marple,  F  A  McCormack,  O  S  Hunter,  C  F 
Colton,  J  Robey,  Jos  Booth,  S  Price,  Alex  Robertson,  C  H  Myers,  S 
Myers,  J  Spayth,  J  W  Coulter.  A  M  &  R  J  Hunter.  J  McCartney,  N 
Demerest,  O  S  Walcutt,  E  Gaver,  A  Cornwall.  J  K  Bau,  G.Woodward, 
J  Uncles,  J  Bobo,  Mat  Williams,  J  Armitage.  O  M  Shaw,  Zac  Beatty, 
Dr  J  G  Moore,  Sm  Johnson,  H  Shively,  Wm  Sofland,  J  Beal,  Jas  Al- 
lison, J  M  Clark,  J  W  Davis,  Ben  Plummer,  Jacob  Ferguson,  Jacob 
Gray,  Adam  Conrad,  J  McKelvey,  S  M  Roberts,  Jn  Hutchinson,  J  V 
Davis,  Absm  Sunafrank,  C  D  Bute,  H  L  Wolverton,  Aaron  Patterson, 
D  S  Snydon,  J  A  Scott,  Alfred  Cook,  Thos  Beaham,  J  Kirkpatrick,  Jos 
Ax,  Jn  Boyd,  Andrew  Hanna,  S  J  Dickinson,  W  M  Blake. 

Company  from  New  York,  April  15th  : 

Mr  Hill.  Mr  Horton,  Hiram  Derby,  J  Hutchinson,  S  W  Holmes,  J  P 
Stockwell,  D  Bemus.  R  P  Johnson,  Jas  Dixon. 

Members  of  a  Company  from  Cincinnati  started  April  19th  : 
A  W  McCoy,  Jn  EUisson,  A  J  Leggett,  D  Aber,  P  W  Vanwinkle,  C 
Beard,  W  P  Jeffries,  Jn  Marbly,  W  VV  Knapp,  N  M  Harris,  G  D  Shep- 
pard,  W  B  Otway,  F  Cassim,  S  T  Curtis,  M  Ternan,  R  Barret,  Ed 
Owens,  Dr  J  M  &  R  Thompson,  C  Ailesworth,  A  Rogers,  Ed  Hurd,  J 
Vansant,  M  J  Martin,  J  B  Sargeant,  C  A  Anderson,  T  Silmon,  B  Mc- 
Cormick,  &  Barnhart,  Wm  Moore,  Capt  J  Bennett,  J  Powell,  Wm 
Millan,  Jn  Johnson,  J  B  Hart,  J  Atkinson.  W  L  Isgrigg,  D  A  Powell,  D 
C  Morris.  N  Butterfield.  N  Clary.  J  W  Walton.  L  Dewey,  W  Peach,  P  F 
Shaw,  Jn  Tuttle,  J  H  Boyd,  P  Boldman,  D  Van  Trace.  J  W  Gray. 

Company  from  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  April  20th  : 

Hy  Johnson.  Asbury  Johnson.  Lewis  Lester.  Wm  Cady.  Mr  Vanhorn, 
Wm  Phillips,  Jn  Conwell,  C  H  Jones,  J  Muma,  G  W  Larebee,  H  Lare- 
bee,  Thos  Pickets,  Geo  Rice,  G  A  Weber,  G  Beckley. 

The  following  persons  left  Cincinnati,  for  California,  Feb.   20th  : 

S  G  Stambaugh,  W  R  Rankin,  Jos  Stambaugh,  R  P  Effinger,  J  M 
Myers,  H  B  Ewing,  P  Kraner,  L  Baker.  H  B  Denman,  S  McNeal,  B  F 
Finefrock,  J  B  Hart,  O  Chaney,  Thos  Wilson,  E  Strode,  Jas  Miller,  W 
F  Legg,  Geo  Leverett,  Jno  McLaughlin,  L  McLaughlin,  Capt  W  Fergu- 
son,  Wm  Perkins,  Lieut  Wm  P  Rice. 


THE  ARGOXAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  399 

The  following  persons  left  Quncey,  111.,  for  California,  Feb.  i6th: 

Col  John  Wood,  Dr  S  \V  Rogers,  T  T  Kcndrick,  Capt  J  C  Dorman, 
Wni  Matlock,  D  M  Jordan,  G  W  Burns,  G  G  Rogers,  John  Wood  jr, 
Dan  Wood,  A  Nash,  J  H  Miller  O  M  Sheldon,  D  Guttery,  Chas  Brown, 
J  Mikesell.C  G  Ammen,  D  Wood,  J  McClintock,  Lemicl  Davis. 

Companies  from  various  States  starting  from  St.  Jo,  in  April: 

J  R  Wheeler,  J  R  cSf  M  W  Wiley,  C  Boorsman.  J  Days  &  Wife,  Sml 
Sneade,  Jas  Ladew,  J  M  Brumbarry,  J  «&  C  Casy,  Jn  Heager. 

From  Ohio: 

S  G  Israel,  J  C  Crane,  Sm  Barrett,  J  A  Drake,  C  L  Inglesbee,  J  R 
Wright,  J  W  Caldwell,  C  M  Shays,  C  L  McCarty,  Rbt  Thompson,  Wm 
Mullony,  B  Fitzpatrick,  Wm  Glover,  J  O  Burne,  S  B  Weller,  J  A  Z 
Jones,  }  G  Hubbell,  W  J  Sperry,  J  H  Moore,  Barry  Jones,  G  W  Har- 
rington, A  W  Griffin,  J  M  Kerr,  G  Krausz,  D  Cloppenburg,  J  W  Way,  C  S 
Coover,  E  Stockton,  C  Hiddon,  G  Mower,  J  R  Johnson,  J  B  Smart, 
LH  Braley,  Dd  Schaefler,  Isaac  Stokes,  A  DeButts,  Wm  Sloan,  Jas  H 
Haslet,  H  McConnelly,  A  J  Atherton,  Jos  Vance,  Jn  Shiner,  Rbt  Gil- 
more,  J  C  Arnold,  J  C  Wingate,  A  C  Baldwin,  Jn  Millikin,  Silas  Pren- 
ell,  C  H  Bell,  Jno  Delany,  W  D  Lawrence,  L  D  Sunderly,  S  N  Goman, 
T  cS:  M  Ogle,  T  Burnett,  J  V  Vredenburg,  J  S  Vredenburg,  M  Buckle, 
J  Howard,  Jos  Gill,  Jos  Dinney,  A  Malay,  J  W  Shaw,  A  Culverson, 
C  W  Bidwell,  W  W  Hyde,  G  S  Case,  W  H  Robbins,  D  Hubbard,  F  P 
Ward,  J  Stitzell,  H  L  Morgan,  B  Carpenter,  L  E  Green,  S  Y  Hoyt, 
B  John,  J  W  Cowan,  H  C  Rareden,  W  C  Cook,  W  P  Thompson,  C  P 
Ross,  Tim  Baker,  G  Goodhue,  Wm  Anderson,  Wm  Retter,  R  Stewart, 
C  Kurtz,  D  Botts,  Sm  Loree,  Jn  Gepheart,  Jos  Howard,  C  Watson,  Dr 
Whitbridge,  P  Backenbaugh. 

Company  from  Pennsylvania  : 

Dr  J  S  Ormsby,  L  P  Ormsby,  Major  Wm  Ormsby,  J  K  Trumbull, 
A  McLain,  J  Moats,  J  Shutt,  J  L  Detter,  J  McManus,  Sm  StaufTer. 

From  Wisconsin  : 

J  B  Howe,  L  Dutton,  E  Gordan,  E  Stebbins,  A  H  Blake,  W  Dodge, 
E  Lowry,  W  SpofTard,  E  Pearce,  Simonds,  &  Kimball,  H  Blake,  Jonath 
Mavey,  wife  &6  children. 

From  Indiana  : 

J  N  Manlove,  Jn  Bartlett,  Jas  Hammin,  J  Ridgeway,  A  Staunton,  W 
Woodfon,  A  Leeds'  B  Camp,  wife  ot  S  children,  Dd  Anderson,  wife  & 
2  children,   A  Jackson,  Thos   Kyle,  Capt  N  Hayden,  G  B  Findley,  Jas 


4CXJ  THE  ARGO.\AUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Hillman,  M  Sexton,  W  Piercy.  S  Bratton,  A  J  Crawford,  Geo  Stone,  R 
Beall.J  Aldridge,  Saml  Diffendafter.  H  E  Carr,  M  W  Cox,  W  B  Maddox, 
J  J  Nicolls,  J  H  Carr,  O  Posey,  J  Murphy,  Josh  Wolf,  Mr  Buchannan, 
Jas  Wildridge,  Chs  Points,  J  W  Malone,  Wm  McMath,  S  Scott. 

Company  from  Tennessee  : 

Albert  Moss,  Chas  Berdew,  Jas  Brown,  T  &  W  Hart,  W  Wayman  & 
Son,  Allen  Thorpe,  J  O'Callahan,  P  &  F  Kinney,  F  A  Goole,  D  Millen 
J  O  Gordon,  Thos  Coffin,  W  A  Boggs,  B  Finn  &  wife. 

From  Pennsylvania  : 

Wm  Bancroft,  W  &  M  Nash,  A  DeFoe,  D  Evans,  R  Carter,  J  D 
Thomas,  G  W  &  C  Jacobs. 

From  Massachusetts  : 

Hector  Campbell,  WB,  SS,  HB&CA  Campbell  and  6  ladies. 

Members  of  the  Pittsburgh  Enterprise  Company,  for  California 
April  13th  ; 

M  Kane  jr,  Chs  Coleman,  C  T  Officer,  W  J  Aukrim,  Capt  Wm  Ran- 
kin, J  M  Braden,  T  Uunn,  Jas  and  P  Kane,  J  M  Aitkin,  J  B  Chamber- 
lain, W  R  Guy,  A  M  Litman,  G  A  Walker,  J  S  Willock,  R  Silcox,  J 
McCandless,  W  H  Taylor,  A  L  Sample,  Dr  Orendorf,  L  Crepps,  J  Know- 
land,  Jas  Witty,  Wm  Cooper,  W  Blakely,  B  C  Ouigley,  J  A  McGee,  J 
Dorrington,  L  G  Berger,  J  S  Talinslie,  J  Connor,  J  Nesmitte,  A  W 
Guy,  E  C  Guy,  B  Messersmith,  J  McGraw%  W  C  Beck,  Jas  McCarter,  P 
Ward,  Jn  Davisson,  R  P  Glass,  A  McMurray,  Jas  Melville,  H  McClory, 
Ths  Cuce,  J  R  Riddle,  J  Leckey,  W  McClory,  M  Kane,  Jas  McKee,  Thos 
Barker,  J  Huyett,  J  McClaskey,  W  Mehan,  S  Friskie,  R  Phillips,  R  Mc- 
Kee, J  Aiken,  J  McCowan,  S]  Gayus,  W  F  Marthens,  Saml  Ward,  J  Mc- 
Donald, C  O  Flynn,  N  Malwim,  A  Spear,  C  Lent,  T  Jones,  H  S  Wynne, 
J  Joyce,  J  Anderson,  F  Anderson,  J  B  Fulton,  Jacob  Cupps,  J  M  and 
W  C  Meredith,  A  and  W  J  Ingram,  J  S  R  and  D  W  Wilson  and  two 
sons,  J  C  Anderson,  J  Hughes,  R  K  Pierouski,  A  J  McNulty,  W  P 
Skelly,  W  Shafier,  J  Ludwick,  G  E  McCrady,  J  Merabin,  J  Hunker,  W 
M  Murray,  C  Rabun,  J  McGregor,  W  Patterson,  J  Oliver,  H  Wallace. 
T  Maxwell,  L  L  Whiting,  A  F  Blythe,  J  Morrison,  E  Alsip,  H  Dixon,  J 
Moore,  E  Holifant,  W  H  Call,  J  Morgan,  B  T  Latshaw,  R  Spencer,  Wm 
Cadds,  J  Estepp,  D  Blair,  C  C  Blair,  W  Augenbraigh,  F  J  Beal,  A  Beal, 
J  O  Nilson,  Sml  Deal.  J  L  F  Johnson,  T  Galbraith,  M  Miller,  j  Martin, 
W  G  Bender,  T  Daft,  J  Dixon,  Thos  Daft,  S  H  Sarler,  E  D  Harding,  I 
N  White,  W  Bishop,  J  A  Irwin,  Jn  Heise,  Jn  Flood,  J  Glenn,  W  Minis, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA  401 

W  McCheney,  G  Sythe,  H  Wilson,  J  Fulton,  J  G  Galiagher,  W  D  Gra- 
hi.m,  J  P  Harbach,  A  Wilson,  J  D  Robinson,  J  Mathews,  D  Darrogh, 
F  P  Robinson,  W  Estepp,  J  Darrogh,  M  Boreland,  J  Walls,  J  Means,  J 
K  Van  Kirk,  J  Warren,  M  Goodfellow,  J  and  C  Templeton,  J  P  Boyd, 
J  Goodwin,  J  Jack,  B  Brown,  L  Eckhoff,  M  Hayden,  J  P  Irwin,  A  J 
Jack,  J  G  Woods,  J  Day,  J  B  Henderson,  H  J  Brunot,  A  D  Patterson, 
W  Hughes,  C  G  Smith,  J  Groves,  J  W  Eggleston,  S  B  F  Clark,  T  B 
Dunn,  J  N  Sinclair,  T  Reynolds,  J  Cook,  G  Winebiddle,  J  Caldwell,  J 
Reynolds,  A  Harris,  W  C  Reed,  D  Hughey,  J  Kearnes,  J  D  Davis,  R 
Jacobs,  Th  Perkins,  Th  and  Jn  Thornburgh,  M  Fisher,  H  Gatzman,  B 
Fiffer,  R  B  Butler,  F  A  McMillan,  A  S  Goodwin,  S  Snyder,  R  G  Rob- 
inson, W  J  Beatty,  M  Meckling,  J  W  McCandless,  W^  J  Stewart,  E  Yet- 
ter,  Jn  Morgan,  W  Wychofif,  Jas  Jones,  M  Courtwright,  G  W  Curtis,  G 
Steiner,  J  A  Markle,  J  Shotts,  E  Taylor,  J  Ellcessor,  J  A  Foster,  J  R 
and  J  W  Johnson,  J  Smith,  J  Latshaw  jr,  M  Holzman,  T  W  Rogers, 
S  H  Squire,  J  Kerr,  E  Marquis,  D  Estep,  F  Ball,  J  S  Steel,  W  M  O  Shel- 
ton,  F  C  McClure,  T  Gregg,  R  Crosby,  J  R  Dennin,  R  Wilson,  G 
Mitchell,  S  M  Stowe,  G  C  Taylor,  F  C  Negley,  G  Semon,  A  Young,  J 
Barrashman,  J  Kiser,  R  C  Gilchrist,  T  and  R  McNair,  D  McBride,  J 
Boreland,  F  Phipper,  B  Grape,  J  Coppersmith,  R  Stanley,  P  Smoker, 
P  Bergen,  J  B  Hartley,  R  Wilson,  C  Truesdale,  H  Sheppard,  C  T  Kirk- 
land.  D  McGill,  D  Houck,  O  McConnell,  W  H  Alderman,  J  F  Mc- 
Goughey,  H  and  P  Halderman,  Geo  Home,  C  Peters,  Guy  Haines. 

Members  of  company  from  Grant  County,  Indiana : 
Wm  Harlan,  Levi  Hummer,  Jn  Hummer,  Ed  Brown,  J  Draper,  T  St 
John,  Jesse  Swift,  M  Cleaveland,  J  St  John,  Ryl  Webster,  Peter  Stout, 
Thos  Pratt,  Dd  Hite,  Anthony,  Inman,  L  McCormick,  Andw  Patterson, 
Josh  Hersey,  H  Hendricks,  Wm  Hendricks,  John  Dubois,  C  Morehead, 
B  Luger,  J  W  Hurlburt,  Bj  Stout. 

Members  of  a  company  from  New  Orleans,  overland,  April  20th  : 

R  L  and  F  Ogden,  J  Y  McDuffee,  Jn  Sitcher,  Jas  Martinelly,  M  J 
Box,  W  J  Patterson,  J  G  George. 

Members  of  a  company  from  Wisconsin,  April  20th  : 

J  W  Turner,  Allen  Hubbard,  G  J  Smith  and  family,  Thos  Melee,  A 
Conway,  Mr.  Coney  and  Mr.  Williamson,  J  Kight,  D  T  Eldridge,  T  D 
Warren,  D  W  Paddock,  Wm  Freeman  and  T  L  Cuttler,  P  E  Hol- 
combe. 

The  Havilah  Mining  Company  from  New  Orleans,  April  20th  : 
Dr  J  Conger,  J  W  Thompson,  H  G  Langley,  W  Teller,  D  Hoyt,  W  B 


402  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Grant,  H  Vandeveer,  J  S  West,  VV  Faucett,  E  F  Lasak,  J  Brinkenhoff, 
A  S  Miller,  W  D  Coleman.  \  I  Lott.  T  Parsons,  C  H  Van  Wyck,  C  P 
Tapeff.  H  S  Cohen,  G  F  Sniffen,  F  A  Hoyt,  G  K  Pattison,  B  L  Noe,  J 
H  Macdonald,  C  W  Ehrenstroem,  J  G  Billing,  W  Wear,  E  Norton,  E  E 
Miles,  Tilly  Allen,  F  W  Gorsegner,  J  C  Garrelly,  J  B  Randoph,  G  H 
Andrews,  G  S  Schenk. 

Members  of  a  company  from  St,  Louis,  April  4th,  overland  : 
S  O  Coleman,  J  and  O  Stewart,  T  W  Wannell,  J  J  Holiday,  W  Paul, 
F  Campbell,  E  E  Hunter,  Jn  Vorhess,  Saml  Hawkins,  Sol  Wood,  R  B 
Dallam,  Chs  Parke,  Wm  Bransheed,  A  HofTman,  Jas  Webster,  J  B 
Smith,  H  S  Brolaski,  M  P  Coleman,  Wm  Vose,  A  S  Van  Pelt,  Wm 
Brown,  E  N  Leeds,  A  Patterson,  Wm  Cleaver,  Taylor  Jones,  H  Jones, 
Jn  Jones,  Jn  and  S  Jones,  F  A  McDonald,  A  Thompson,  A  Moody, 
Chs  Pickering,  A  Burnett,  C  W  Lighter,  Wm  Gibson,  R  Ludd,  S  N  Hol- 
iday, G  Massey,  W  Gruikshank,  P  Guisler,  John  Mullen,  J  W  Alexander, 
Jonah  Hunter,  Lewis  Legg,  Gilbert  Deacon,  H  C  Lynch,  Geo  Matoon, 
Casper  Graulech,  C  L  Smith,  J  S  Wells,  G  Yoeter,  C  Hofiman,  B  Twom- 
ley,  Thos  Cleaver,  H  Cleaver,  Thos  Copperwaite,  Wm  P  Stebbins,  J  W 
Salser,  Wm  and  A  Selser,  Saml  Young,  Jas  Clark,  G  O  Eads. 

Passengers  of  brig  Azalia,  New  York,  sailed  April  loth: 

Dr  J  P  Webster,  Dr  T  A  Reed,  S  Rowland,  T  Sanburn,  E  Brown,  E 
L  Wheeler,  W  H  Seaman,  H  R  Perry,  C  H  Cole,  Mr  Rindge,  S  Cobb,  W 
M  Tolman,  F  W  Scovill,  C  Robertson,  W  Giffin,  C  S  Thorp,  H  S  Burr, 
M  Sweetser,  J  Sinclair,  O  G  Fleming,  S  S  Edsall,  L  G  Jones,  W  Pratt, 
S  Aiken,  J  Ridenheart,  A  Henry,  A  Martin,  W  W  Spaulding,  W  Davis, 
Mr  Hallowell,  F  Pickering. 

Members  of  company  from  Michigan,  April  7th: 

G  Kirkland,  G  Wethington,  Horace  Berby,  Wm  Wilson,  H  Belkley,  A 
J  Mason,  J  B  Sarzore,  M  Sweeney,  D  B  Scott,  D  R  Ashley,  E  F  Gleeson^ 
L  A  Harmond,  D  A  Woodbury,  S  G  Crittenden,  G  Chafey,  F  A  Parke, 
Aaron  Browne,  E  J  Bouine,  W  H  Brice  and  wife. 

Members  of  company  from  Penn.,  overland,  April  8th: 

A  W  Brockaway,  A  Rudolph,  J  B  Mitchell,  T  B  Kennedy,  S  Grubb, 
Wm  Laury,  H  W  Myers,  G  Kinzebach,  J  C  Risber,  Robt  Wightman, 
Lorain  Robbins,  A  J  Tingle,  S  D  Brown,  J  C  Kennedy,  T  S  Hart,  R  S 
Wingham,  J  C  McKibben,  W  B  Sharp,  R  S  Mart,  Dr  Allen  Clark,  D  M 
Whitehill,  Walter  Taylor,  Eli  Smith,  Jos  Smith,  Isaac  Brecker,  Geo 
Miller,  J  Miller,  Saml  Sankey,  G  M  Wasson,  Ed  Montillus,  Wm  Freder- 
ick, G  Miller,  Jonathan  Moore,  Matthias  PlafT,  Wm   Bartlett,  Orvid 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  403 

Washington,  C  Kincaid,  W  G  Johnston,  W  O  H  Scully,  W  B  McBride, 
J  L  Moody,  C  S  Cockill,  Thos  Small,  Robt  John,  H  L  Bird,  Mr  Jenkins, 
Norman  Andrews,  I  B  Hill,  J  G  Scutter,  N  B  Alworth,  S  R  Smith, 
Phil'n  Doud,  Robl  Faulkner,  P  H  Moody,  J  L  Keefer. 

Members  of  company  from  Summit  County,  Ohio,  April  8th  : 

S  Newton,  I  Sumner,  W  A  Ostrom,  T  B  Hickcox,  F  A  Nash,  N  Pal- 
mer, J  W  Evans,  S  Britton,  N  Wait,  F  W  Wait,  A  S  Cleveland,  G  W 
Rhodes. 

Members  of  the  Illinois  Sucker  Co.,  April  13th  : 

H  Buffom,  Jn  Salee,  Jn  Post,  A  Stevens  and  family,  A  Ferguson,  J 
Godfrey,  B  Hutton,  M  Louis,  Dd  Booz,  Wm  Bowers,  J  G  Beeler,  Mr 
Taylor,  J  Gifford,  Sam  Truit,  Thos  Lock,  C  Record,  Wm  Mitchell,  G 
McBride,  R  S  Green.  F  H  Curtis,  Rollin  Post,  G  M  Boyer,  J  W  Buffum, 
J  N  Dow,  G  W  Carr,  S  McPhaill,  C  Vaughn,  W  Boothsinger,  Jn  Bills, 
E  Pomeroy,  Ellis  Elwell,  F  Went,  Jn  Rislin  and  son,  Jn  Goodwin,  J 
Vedder,  TT  Rainey,  Mr  Vantee,  Jn  Brooks,  M  T  Smith,  M  Bratagan, 
H  A  Latham,  R  F  Greschline,  W  V  Moody,  R  W  Camtield  W  R 
Latham,  D  W  Aldrich  and  family,  Jn  Hughes,  N  M  Dorsey,  A  Starr,  F 
Starr,  J  Flannagan,  E  Randall,  J  Patrick,  T  Woods,  T  Oakes,  A  Curree, 
H  Rice,  R  Kirkwood,  J  Spruance,  Peter  Lottim,  E  Case  and  family,  L 
Post,  Chs  Sinclair,  C  A  Walker,  C  J  Palmer,  K  D  Sellemyers,  J  D  Powers, 
Jn  Douglass.  J  Layman,  Chs  Chancy,  BLuken,Wm  Benson,  J  F  Burton, 
Wm  White,  J  Longwell,  —  Guild,  —  Crogan,  C  Mitchell,  Jn  Hogus,  H 
Martin,  Mr  Anderson  and  family,  A  Gretfield,  J  Haltzwert,  C  Mizen- 
dorfer,  G  S  Hanley,  J  Johnson,  C  Johnson  and  brother,  J  Rowe,  R 
Whyers. 

Members  of  the  St.  Clair  Mining  Co.,  from  Illinois,  April  13th  : 

Capt  Jarrot,  B  C  Renois,  Rbt  McCracken,  Ths  Short,  H  Frotier.  N 
Boismenue,  Jas  Frontier,  Jn  Bowles,  Rbt  Carnes,  Louis  Amel,  J  J  Statis, 
N  Sexton,  Everson  &  Delorine,  —  King,  M  Morrison,  Jn  Chandler,  G  W 
Hook,  Jn  Christy,  M  De  Rousse,  B  Delude,  L  Thatcher,  A  Robinson, 
Wm  Ogden,  N  C  Corniver,  A  Gamlin,  M  Lecompte,  J  O  Adams,  Jere 
Hotue.  Jn  Greer,  N  Turcott,  P  Perou,  Jn  Boismenue,  L  D  Stewart,  J  H 
and  Jo  Buttler,  P  De  Novillo. 

Company  from  Shelby  Co.,  III.,  April  13th  : 

B  F  Hunter  &  family,  L  Hunter  &  family,  R  &  J  W  Madison,  Wm 
Bevins,  Jn  Scruggins,  Jos  Stewart,  D  S  Wright,  Dd  Evey,  R  L  Williams, 
Wm  Harsman,  Jn  Evey,  Jn  Turr.  Jn  Sullus,  Dr  Reeves  cSt  family,  Jas 
Evey,  Mathias  Rice,  Jn  Perryman,  Wm  H  Rankin,  Jos  Zumalt  &  family 


404  IHE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

ot  9  children,  P  Bailey  .S:  family.  J  S  Waite  &  family,  D  W  &  S  White- 
more. 

Members  of  a  Compaii}'  from  Buffalo,  April  13th  : 
Dr  McBeth.  Col  Fay,  J  M  Fay,  Rev  Mr  Olds,  —  Hayden,  G  E  Hays, 
H  O  Hays,  J  H  Blossom,  Geo  Wheeler, 

Company  from  Xenia,  Ohio,  April  14th  : 

P  B  Walker,  M  L  Barlow,  A  Moody,  G  W  Stevenson,  D  DeWolf,  D 
Loe,  P  Johnson,  J  W  Taylor,  G  Taylor,  G  W  Brinkley,  J  Connor,  L 
Harris,  R  Gibson,  Wm  Ford,  Mr  Smith.  J  Farber,  E  L  Ware,  J  H  Purdy, 
Mr  Vanordel,  G  W  Smiley. 

Members  of  the  German  California  Mining  Co.,  from  New  York, 
April  20th  : 

M  Carl,  S  Franz,  A  Balm,  G  Schimners,  K  Aulich,  B  Aulich,  G 
Schneider,  P  Elergoff,  W  Buchananer,  A  Hill,  H  Steinburg,  C  Wisehoff, 
D  F  Thomas,  F  S  Scheid,  F  Preness,  N  Langs,  F  Brantlach,  L  Nuss- 
barun,  —  Klump,  G  Denz,  F  Schlagider,  C  Knouer,  G  Roth,  L  Roth,  G 
Scheibrook,  B  Scharnan,  H  Tupper,  C  Richter,  F  Kramer,  A  Neihmert, 
A  Wichrowsky,  F  Gross,  T  Schmidt,  F  Kaller,  P  Hartman,  Dr  F  Wal- 
lace, A  Ferber,  V  Kopf,  Berling&  Son,  T  Asgolm,W  Rusche,T  Schant, 
D  Schnaider,  C  Anderform,  F  Weber,  C  Huber,  F  Diefel,  Geo  Topp,  F 
Moore,  J  Kelly,  T  Scharman,  Ahrent  &  Dutrich. 

Members  of  Company  from  Summit  Co.,  Ohio,  April  6th  : 

J  R  Gilbert,  A  Kellogg,  L  P  Buckley,  R  Abbey,  J  O  Garrett,  Ira  Rose, 
P  Fisher.  S  Wislendorf,  C  Cressard,  J  L  Gilbert,  Geo  Ayliffe,  G  Carr,  E 
Steinbacker,  J  Decker,  H  L  Long. 

Mem!)ers  of  a  Company  from  Wayne  Co.,  Indiana,  overland, 
April  6th  : 

WF  Davis,  A  B  Knode.W  Williams,  Thos  Williams,  Robert  Houston, 
Hy  Miller,  A  Cunningham,  Adam  Gates.  W  Starr,  Peter  Boothe,  J  N 
Puntney,  Jas  Puntney,  J  Echtenock,  R  Cochran.  Wm  McAfee.  Wm 
Buck,  Chs  Trisa,  J  M  Fritch,  B  Manifold,  N  Baldridge,  A  Saunders,  S 
McMurray,  W  S  Porter,  W  K  Koch,  Sam  Pifer,  Jacob  Weaver,  G  W 
Beeler,  C  Rathfun,  Enoch  Myres,  L  Don  Meek,  A  McDowell,  H  A 
Echelbarger,  H  J  Shaumbrie,  G  &  S  Neese. 

Members  of  Company  from  St  Louis,  overland,  April  7th  : 

Lieut  G  W  Paul,  H  Martin,  Jas  Sharp,  Wm  Zabriskie,  W  Wells, 
Robt  Jackson,  Wm  Paul,  Geo  Lukens,  J  Taylor. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  405 

Company  from  Palmyra,  Mo.,  overland,  April  7th  : 

E  R  Pye  &  Son,  F  D  Gilbert.  C  D  Smith,  E  L  Nichols,  C  B  Wheeler, 
C  Youngs,  Jas  Stewart,  J  S  Webb,  Shorty  Ray,  J  W  Harper. 

Members  of  company  from  Columbus,  April  2d  : 

J  Walton,  J  G  Caufield,  Peter  Decker,  G  O  McColm,  S  J  Price,  Al 
Moores,  G  Walton,  C  Breyfogle,  Dr  C  £  Boyle,  D  Dreyden,  E  Barcus, 
E  E  Canfield,  G  Chadwick,  W  Cain,  A  B  Christ,  C  Dewitt,  J  S  Derngan, 
T  Davis,  L  A  Denig,  C  M  Fisk,  |  Krumm,  J  C  Lunn,  P  McCommon.  H 
Ranney,  T  Rugg,  D  Rugg,  J  P  Stone,  W  C  Styles,  C  D  Wood,  L  H 
Sherman,  Jos  Hunter,  Jm  Coultner,  J  H  Marples,  F  A  McCormick,0  S 
Hunter,  C  F  Colton,  J  Robey,  J  W  Booth,  Geo  Woodward,  S  Price, 
Mthw  Williams,  Alex  Robertson,  Jn  Spaythe,  V  R  Smith,  Jn  Uncles, 
C  A  Robertson.  J  McCartney,  J  K  Barr,  R  J  Hunter,  C  M  Shaw,  C  H 
Myers,  Jacob  Armitage,  Sml  Myers,  A  M  Hunter,  Jona  Bobo,  Andsn 
Cornwall  J  W  Coulter,  Nichls  DemoresT,  O  S  Walcutt,  E  Gaver. 

Members  of  a  company  from  Cincinnati,  overland,  April  6th  : 

B  C  Currier,  F  C  Rothstern,  Wm  Pollock,  W  G  Moody,  E  C  Crawley, 
F  B  Clark,  W  Cooper,  W  H  Hubbell.  Chs  Harrington,  Jn  Wright,  J 
Blackwood,  Wm  Garrity,  Dwt  Crandall  Jos  Armitage,  F  M  Roots,  A  G 
Stiffler,  Jas  Howison,  T  P  White,  D  T  Evans. 

The  following  persons  from  Washington,  D.  C,  go  overland, 
April  2d: 

F  G  Bruff,  Gideon  Brooks,  B  B  Edmonson,  A  H  Parish,  Dr  H  Aus- 
tm,  W  H  Dietz,  G  A  Young,  Jn  Cameron,  Wm  Jewell,  E  D  Slye,  Alex 
Garrett,  Jas  Foy,  Thos  Williams,  J  M  Farrar,  H  J  Queen,  G  Byington 
J  T  Coumbe,  W  J  Stoops,  J  Y  Donn,  W  Lewis,  W  N  Barker,  Dd  Fowbe, 
J  M  Marden,  Stephen  Culverwell,  J  Murphy,  W  H  Lloyd,  Robt  Slight, 
T  J  Griffiths,  O  B  Queen,  R  J  Culverwell,  L  A  Tardella,  N  Vermillion, 
C  C  McLeod,  T  P  Kingsbury,  C  G  Moxley,  Jn  Bates,  S  J  Cassin,  Wm 
Truman,  J  A  Ennis,  W  Pope,  Rd  Washington,  J  H  Barker,  C  G  Alex- 
ander, H  C  Dorsey,  F  P  Windsor,  W  P  Hillery,  Chas  Bishop,  F  N  Ma- 
gruder,  J  V  Ennis,  J  T  Ennis,  Jo  Thaw,  J  P  Hills,  T  B  Scott,  I  E  Owen, 
D  R  Wall,  C  Fenderick.  J  Wardell,  A  J  Capron,  Wm  Franklin,  Chs  Reed, 
J  C  Willis,  B  F  Burche,  J  C  Riley,  M  M  Trepell. 

Members  of  company  from  Cincinnati,  overland,  April  6th: 
J   H  Levering,  W  B  Norman,  Dd  Kinsey,  S  T  Jones,  A  H  Coulter,  J 
Talbert,  G  W  Litter,  L  M  Rogers,  J  Johnson,  S  Whitehead,  T  W  Kin- 
sey, A  G   Kinsey,  M   West,  G  J  Guilford,  H  Probasco,  C  Mohr,  E  /, 
Stokes,  C  Long,  J  P  Harley,  P  K  Ulner,  W  Kerr,  R  W  Cook,  F  Mo-  - 


4o6  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

land,  Jn  Bell,  R  L  Megowan,  F  Hamlin,  J  Bird,  S  Withington,  J  Gra- 
ham, H  Ruffner,  J  W  Anderson,  J  D  Benedict,  A  T  Perry,  T  A  Bishop, 
Chs  Eberle,  A  J  Vorhees,  Chris  Bell,  W  Wilson,  A  F  Gove,  J  Pearson, 
H  Urner,  A  B  Nixon,  H  Helm,  J  Elsiner,  J  King.  G  W  Fosdick,  W  B 
Diver,  N  Graves,  Dd  Scott,  Geo  Martin,  A  Johnson. 

Following  are  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  various  compa- 
nies starting  from  St.  Jo,  April  14th: 

Company  from  Wisconsin: 

Abel  Minard  and  family,  J  A  Short,  Anson  Oland,  C  IngersoU,  Dr  E 
B  West,  M  Connover,  G  C  Cone,  Jn  DoUiver,  R  Fuller,  E  Lyman,  Jn 
Howell,  W  H  Elder,  Leander  Hill,  J  Fishelor,  J  Goodrich,  Hy  Root, 
Wm  West,  G  Woodward,  T  C  Ward,  Dr  E  R  Hoyt,  Jn  Edwards,  G  Vil- 
lenger  and  family,  Dr  Slyl  and  family,  F  A  Ostrander,  Jas  Cline,  Fred 
Weahe,  A  Lewis. 

From  Michigan: 

G  S  and  Susan  Isham,  W  W  Fitch,  H  Hass,  Z  W  Ashley,  Wm  Welch, 
Esq  Hass,  Hy  Kimmer,  G  E  and  L  Benton,  Hy  and  Chs  Shatlock,  J  S 
Bradley,  Wm  Crawford,  J  S  Dunn.  J  B  Carter,  P  Burns,  J  Gardner,  E 
P  Hill,  P  M  Dorsey,  Eph  and  Ed  Lapham,  Jn  Densmore,  H  French,  H 
Crandall,  R  Barber,  S  Hagen,  E  Tobin. 

From  Indiana: 

Jn  Keller  and  5  children,  Dr  L  Hoover,  wife  and  5  children.  Jn  Ab- 
bot, wife  and  child,  G  Abbot,  wife  and  3  children,  I  Giichrese,  wife  and 
3  children,  Mr  Schaffer. 

From  Ohio  : 

A  V  Kinneavo,  F  Eaholtz,  H  Jordon,  Z  Downer,  A  McIUan,  A  J 
Hagan,  S  M  Holland,  J  S  Smith,  EOF  Hastings,  J  W  Evans,  J  Lind- 
say, S  Schindler,  N  B  Wean,  A  Anderson,  Hugh  Lee,  Geo  Grice,  Dan 
"Willard,  Geo  Case,  J  Sawyer,  D  Fullman,  J  G  Briggs,  B  B  Briggs,  K  H 
and  P  Chandler,  E  W  Brooks,  A  Forbes,  S  I  Burrill,  J  W  Hall,  H  Gar- 
field, P  Garwick,  S  Bethel,  J  A  and  J  B  Hoover,  M  Mahan,  J  A  Aim- 
strong,  W  H  C  Mitchell,  Stvn  Clingaman,  J  W  Wilson.  W  P  Harring- 
ton. H  J  Richards,  W  C  Conway,  Saml  Ayres,  Wm  Huntington,  E  Burr, 
W  Endicott,  P  Chambers,  T  Morrow,  J  Leach,  Jas  Foulds,  J  B  Louck, 
Mr  Frisbee,  Chs  Robinson,  D  S  Ross,  Dr  J  F  Ankeny,  Dr  J  F  Robinson, 
II  Winslow,  Sml  Wright,  M  WifTiams,  Silas  Smith,  Wm  Poor,  G  K  Fitz- 
gerald, A  P  Rarison,  Peter  Myers,  G  J  Chapman,  F  Hooper,  A  Curfes,  A 
Allardt,  H  Fahrup,  Geo  and  Isaac  Parry. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  407 

From  New  York  State  : 

M  W  Barnett,  J  De  Bois.  O  A  Post,  W  H  Albre,  H  S  Dodge,  J  Mcin- 
tosh, W  D  Witmer,  H  H  Buchannan.  T  Winn,  G  B  Efner,  B  F  Smith, 
H  A  Curran,  C  Patton,  M  Mcintosh,  W  J  Williams,  A  Boomer,  Dr  T 
Small,  H,  B  D  and  J  T  Bowers,  M  Dyer,  J  Hurley,  T  Cain,  A  Button, 
WGood,  E  McClellan,  A  G  Eldridge,G  Greatrake,  Francis  Burzell,  Sml 
McDoul,  A  F  Bliss,  A  McNorton,  W  Harrison,  Jn  Robertson,  B  F  Har- 
shaw,  I)  M  Hall,  J  H  Tilford,  Jn  Cowson,  Jas  Hill,  J  H  Newton,  A  Til- 
ford,  H  S  Crandall,  Wm  Owen,  Rt  Gourley,  J  T  Clark,  Johnson  &  Sar- 
geant,  Jas  Roach,  D  R  Haswell,  B  F  Post,  J  A  Becker,  Hy  Steele,  Dr  E 
Taker,  N  Gazaway,  C  S  Perry  and  A  S  Brayton. 

Members  of  a  Company  from  Stubenville,  Ohio,  April  20th  : 

Capt  G  McElrath,  O  C  Gray,  Geo  Hance,  D  L  Forsinger,  H  Stokes, 
Thos  Trotter,  J  Morrison,  J  Baltzell,  O  A  Worthmgton,  S  R  Barr,  Wm 
Taggart.  Jn  Rainey,  Wm  Briskell,  Dr  J  Marshall,  H  McConnelly,  Jn 
Hodge,  H  H  Maxfield,  Chs  Sweney,  E  Callandine,  Jas  Kell,  W  C  Haynes, 
W  C  Hayes,  C  W  Haines.  D  P  Keller,  W  H  Stokes,  S  V  Treadway,  S  D 
Duiidall,  G  Jackson,  S  A  Ream,  C  W  Richards,  Wm  Fisher,  W  Solomon, 
O  T  Norton,  J  Fugitt,  M  S  Readdy,  D  Burgett,  Jas  Irwin,  Jas  Spencer, 
J  R  Collins,  Geo  Todd,  Jas  Shively,  J  Parrott,  E  Brown,  D  Connor,  A 
McDonald,  B  F  Stokes,  T  G  Morehead,  A  Morehead,  Dan  McGee,  Jn 
Matlock,  Thos  Loft',  Jn  Pacy,  E  Whittington,  Wm  Daniells,  Wm  Sher- 
man, D  Anderson.  H  C  Scott,  S  D  Wood,  D  H  Rose,  Dan  Prose,  Lewis 
Childus,  J  H  Prose. 

Company  from  Sandusky  Ohio,  started  April  19th  : 

Capt  W  E  Parish, C  P  Cook,  J  W  Beatty,  Jn  Ramsell,  J  Hitching,  A 
Starr,  D  A  Crowell,  Ed  Johnson. 

Company  from  Peoria,  111.,  April  20th  : 

J  E  Carter,  J  Fash,  W  E  Gunett,  H  H  Fash,  Robt  Taylor,  J  Clcgg,  D 
A  McConnell,  Geo  Scott,  M  Peck,  A  F  Kercheval,  J  W  Newton,  Wm 
Parks,  S  Runyan,  A&  A  N  Runyon,  O  R  Runyon,  Jn  &  Dd  Mahoney, 
R  Rutherford. 

Company  from  Kentucky,  started  April  21st: 

E  W  Hayes,  C  K  Snyder,  W  H  Childers,  B  B  Mullens,  Jas  Croslen,  J 
Fritzland,  H  Shelton,  D  W  Thorpe,  G  Young. 

Members  of  Green  River  Mining  Company  from  Kentucky, 
April  22d  : 

W  F  Summers,  D  B  Campbell,  W  H  Skiles,  F  A  Jones,  S  M  Cros- 
thwait,  W  Ellis,  G  Ellis,  H  C  Gault,  D  Torian,  J  S  Locke,  A  W  Moore, 


4o8  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Wm  Torian.  J  H  Paris,  J  Hutcher,  C  W  Landrow,  L  Stern,  R  C  Mc- 
Kainey,  G  W  Feland,  A  B  Anderson,  Jas  McCowan,  H  Coleman,  P  P 
Johnson.  J  K  Sale,  J  P  Freeman,  G  M  Earle,  J  W  Cole,  Capt  E  H  Herd, 
T  R  Darniell,  Jas  Shepard,  C  W  Pointdexter,  D  France,  M  D  Hare,  G 
W  D  Luck.  Geo  Carter,  Wm  Bailey,  W  W  Gray,  M  Sherill,  L  J  Sherill, 
J  F  Davis.  J  H  Ingram.  J  Hoy,  R  Lavidge,  L  W  Roberts,  LL  Sloss,  B 
F  Edmonds,  J  R  Crael,  J  O  Hill,  B  Y  Samuels,  J  St  John. 

Members  of  a  Company  from  Mississippi,  started  April  22d  : 

A  Upchurch,  Wm  Worrell,  D  C  White,  H  Brown,  R  Runnells,  A 
McMillan,  O  R  Saddler,  E  Soffley,  C  Tarmer,  W  C  Thompson,  J  T  J 
Cain.  C  W  Findley,  J  L  Findley,  R  M  Williamson,  E  Hodges,  H  M 
Hart,  S  Currell.  Jn  Morris,  F  J  Malone,  A  M  Graham,  J  A  Weaver,  J  M 
Robertson,  J  M  Humphries,  JS  Lambert,  H  S  Mitchell,  W  H  Owens. 

Company  from  Indiana,  started  April  23d  : 

Sam  Sinex,  Isaac  Evans,  A  Vanuxen,  F  Fulghmer,  J  Stiddens.P  Stid- 
dens,  C  Maule,  Jas  Tolbert,  Wm  Runnells,  L  D  Parsons,  Wm  Thatcher, 
Hy  King.  Sam  Hill,  G  M  Maxwell,  B  Cowdry,  W  P  Henderson,  Dr  Z  B 
Gentry,  R  M  Waters,  D  Fudge,  T  G  Titloe. 

Company  from  Tennessee,  started  April  20th  : 

Dd  Rogers,  Jas  Davis,  R  Dellmarsh,  Jas  Walker,  Thos  Elred,  H  H 
Means,  Alf  Means. 

Company  from  New  York,  Ohio  and  Michigan,  started  April  23d: 
H  Webster,  A  Kelsey.  D  S  Sells,  S  Kent,  G  P  Webster,  S  T  Johnson, 

T  J  Marlett,  E  B  Ute,  P  Finlock,  A  Coleman,  B  M  Hance,  E  A  Spooner, 

S  L  Ramsdall. 

From  Louisville,  Ky.,  April  3d  : 

Edw  Bryant.  Jn  Kaye,  R  W  Moore,  J  Swagar,  R  A  Wingate,  Geo 
Rees,  Jn  Smith,  W  McFarland,  H  Conroy,  Theo  Bland,  W  G  Stewart, 
Sam  Cary,  F  A  Kaye,  W  P  Richardson,  Wallace  Pope,  Ed  Fogart,  Z  D 
Parker,  Morris  Griffin,  Rbt  Pope,  Ed  Neblett,  L  W  Ludwig,  C  F  Du- 
laney,  Ed  Crawford,  J  J  Stewart,  J  J  Moore,  O  J  Murray,  G  G  Moore,  A 
Musselman,  L  K  Thomas,  E  A  Brj-son,  Jn  Todd,  M  A  Chinn.  F  Tilford, 
S  Brown,  C  C  Morgan,  M  McCracken,  H  &  J  H  Marshall,  H  D  Martin, 
D  D  Martin,  W  B  Wakeman,  Dr  Weems,  J  McCleary,  F  H  Shaefer. 

From  Memphis,  Tenn.,  started  April  : 

Dr  W  Kittrell,  R  J  Featherston,  B  Lamer,  W  Skinner,  W  G  Williams. 

The  De  Soto  Company,  viz. :  J  C  and  W  L  Bradley,  J  F  Bradley,  J  D, 
L  D  and  H  D  Berry,  W  Thompson,  Capt  M  B  Cook,  Dr  Kennedy,  J  A 
Jackson,  A  C  Gibson,  W  C  Stone,  W  C  Davis,  W  Jennings,  D  Humph- 


THE  A  RGONA  U  TS  OF  CA  LIFORNIA .  409 

rey,  D  M  Poole,  J  McKinney,  W  Stephenson  ;  the  Carroll  Co,  viz. :  R  S 
Miller,  W  Hubbard,  T  Nixon,  G  and  R  Applegate,  A  A  Gray,  W  Mann, 
E  Foster,  G  Carpenter,  S  McMillen,  R  Bearley  ;  the  Tippah  Co,  viz. :  M 
D  Floyd,  F  Neely,  P  Fanning,  G  R  Henson,  J  Murphy,  B  H  Rankings, 
Rob  Steele,  Rob  Fester,  J  T  Silvers,  B  M  Doxey,  H  B  Woodward,  Jn 
Gresham,  Jn  Willis,  R  S  Wright,  R  Y  Kirkpatrick,  W  Macon,  R  B 
Macon,  Bj  Woodward,  H  W  C  Nelson,  J  Prother,  J  A  Bevid ;  other 
companies  from  Tenn  :  A  B  Faush,  F  Faush,  Capt  Farquharson,  Rev  M 
M  Marshall,  Rev  J  M  Small,  Dr  W  A,  J  C  and  Jas  Russell,  R  C  McEvin, 
H  R  Street,  R  McKinney,  Jas  Pearson,  C  A  McDaniel,  R  E  Gillians. 

Companies  starting  from  St.  Jo,  April  i6th,  for  California: 

Company  from  Rhode  Island: 

P  R  Arnold,  S  J  Vickory,  J  G  Westfall,  Phil  Burne. 

Company  from  St.  Louis: 

M  P  O'Connor,  T  and  A  Murphy,  Mathew  Murphy,  Jn  Drum,  Jas 
Garvin,  Thos  Flinn,  T  S  Wright,  Jn  Fisher,  A  S  Currie,  J  A  Budd,  A  N 
Peters.  Jn  Atwood,  Pat  McLaughlin,  J  Sage,  Redmd  Sage,  Jas  McCann, 
J  C  Davis,  J  Suydam,  J  C  Smith,  Chs  Cutter,  J  E  Galloway,  J  R  Dewitt, 
C  B  Suydam,  Buckhold,  Job  Newton,  Wm  Miller,  Wm  States,  W 
Cooper,  M  Williams. 

Company  from  Virginia: 

W  K  Lambdin,  R  B  Woods,  J  A  Agnew,  J  E  Wade,  R  T  Morrison, 
C  J  Chapman,  Geo  Rigby,  Moses  Ray,  Dr  J  R  Brotherton,  Geo  Hobbe, 
E  E  Hamilton,  R  S  Hopkins,  Ju  Burgy,  V  Brown,  R  P  Buckley,  J  Mc 
CuUough,  G  D  Curtis,  G  .A.rthur,  G  Curry,  A  B  Olney,  Wm  Dremon,  B 
A  Goode,  Chs  Thompson,  |n  Curley,  Jos  Tuttle,  Chs  Hall,  E  Thomas, 
P  and  E  Thomas,  Amos  Curley. 

From  Iowa: 

J  B  Forge,  W  H  Cheev^er,  Jn  Lewis,  f  A  Beddison. 

From  Illinois: 

W  D  Dowell,  J  H  Boyd,  N  C  Cannon,  Chs  Cannon,  P  Hoffmann,  Jas 
Robinson,  J  Gordon  and  Son,  A  Carr,  E  Guilford,  J  Johnson,  C  Rowley, 
J  H  Taylor,  Wm  Patterson,  G  A  Sanford,  A  F  Hagan,  Wm  Lawrence, 
Amos  Church,  Dr  Antees,  Geo  Perry,  Hy  White,  Saml  Ayres,  Hy  Brown, 
S  K  Turner,  Mr  Pierce,  D  C  Miller,  T  B  Metts,  Jos  Garrett,  J  M  Kozad, 
T  Chandler,  Jas  Lupton,  Mr  Harris,  L  G  Farwell,  G  Chittam,  L  H  Rob- 
inson, J  L  Anderson,  D  Hamilton,  Jn  Wilcox,  Jh  Updegraff,  Jn  Wiley, 
J  W  Delham,  Mike  Martin,  Chas  Fox,  J  Naylor,  R  H  Broadus,  Dr  T 
Luster,  E  Bean,  Geo  Boughman,  Jn  Hunt,  G  W  Head,  G  W  Ayres,  Ed 


4IO  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Ayre,  E  Step,  Frank  Pierson,  M  Yost,  J  Morrow,  P  Cormany,  W  B  White- 
sides  and  wife.  L  McGowan,  B  B  Stephenson,  U  Gates,  A  Pettibone,  R 
A  Drummond,  Dd  Wade,  W  Galord,  S  and  J  Gaylord,  Dr  J  E  Oatman, 
Dr  Asa  Clark,  Mr  Mecham,  J  Middler. 

Company  from  Vicksburg,  May  ist  : 

Capt  Dr  W  B  Smith,  Dr  S  R  Cockrill,  G  D  Armstrong,  Jas  Randalls, 
Dr  B  G  Harris,  Dr  J  H  Marshall,  W  W  Caperton,  W  P  Stroud,  H  Steel, 
H  G  Little,  W  P  Morrison,  J  B  Brewitt,  J  A  Wilder,  R  S  Cade,  J 
Sanders,  T  J  Meredith,  R  E  Brewitt,  A  S  McCaskill,  W  H  Cannon,  W 
C  H  Rosser,  J  W  Sledge,  M  M  Potts,  R  D  Oglesby,  W  S  Ford,  R  M 
Wragg,  T  M  Yarborough,  B  J  Hirshfield,  P  Hirshfield,  E  M  Yar- 
borough,  Jn  Woodward,  W  M  Woodward,  J  E  Wier,  J  B  Prewitt,  J  B 
Elkin,  T  Elkin,  R  Stokes,  A  L  McGaskill,  W  A  Camron,  C  E  Powe,  W 
J  Hibler,  R  S  Boughton,  H  Ward  J  H  Whitington,  D  Flournoy,  J  Ar- 
rington,  G  L  Prewett.  H  G  Little,  S  Little,  E  C  Brainard,  W  H  Wat- 
kins,  E  W  Petus,  S  Western,  G  M  Hibbler,  R  B  May,  W  B  Adams,  E  T 
Harwood,  N  J  Barnes,  Wm  Greer,  C  J  Hatch,  W  D  Boyakin,  B  R  Bell, 
T  Hunnicutt,  J  A  Neil.W  N  Neil,  B  Moore  Augs  Jones,  M  M  Allen,  M 
N  Mayrant,  Fras  Ferguson,  Jas  Ferguson,  W  J  &  J  R  Oliver,  R  C  Boyd, 
C  Ward,  J  F  A  Marr,  W  T  Aycock,  A  J  Aycock,  T  A  Craven,  W  C  H 
Rosser,  W  J  R  Parmlee,  J  A  Fairchilds.  J  J  Greer,  C  A  Slater,  J  W 
Horton,  T  D  Murray,  J  R  Boyles,  B  T  Commons,  B  T  Ramsey,  J  Mc- 
Cartney, E  B  Rienhart,  N  N  James,  J  E  Clarke,  J  A  Linley,  C  Moseley, 
A  M  Batie,  R  E  Patrick,  W  R  Arnett,  J  P  Homan,  D  F  Mallum,  A  King, 
J  S  Franklin,  T  H  White,  A  S  Fulton,  T  Moran,  JDS  Sullivan,  Jn  Mc- 
Keon,  M  Gafney,  C  Sleeper,  H  Williams,  Jos  White,  Py  White,  Dr  J  H 
Holmes,  M  Rudolph,  J  H  Anthony,  E  Houston,  J  Littlefield,  Dr  C  R 
Culler,  Dr  L  L  Battle,  Wm  Perry,  Dr  W  W  Nelson. 

Company  from  Fort  Smith,  March  12th  : 

M  M  Heath,  J  V  Wedsworth,  W  P  Lime,  M  Marshall,  S  F  Stanley, 
Jesse  Owen,  G  Ballard,  J  H  Sellers,  A  Scarborough,  J  W  Waddle,  M  J 
Flynn,  D  D  Bowman,  W  H  Hutchinson,  F  W  Lanweister,  H  Harris,  N 
Rom,  S  MuUbrey,  W  Brokaw,  T  Gerold. 

Company  from  Louisville,  Ky.,  March  12th  : 

J  B  Hine,  Dr  Hine  &  wife,  Lieut  Thompson,  Dr  M  J  Baxter,  J  S 
Prather,  M  Brown,  S  M  Millen,  A  Rankin  D  C  Stone,  C  P  Bardin,  J 
Dunn.  I  D  Thompson,  J  S  Goach,  B  Stout,  S  P  Reader,  M  B  Johnson, 
Mathew  Harris,  R  H  Redd,  Jacob  Fox,  J  B  Fox,  F  Graff,  C  Smiley,  Hy 
Byres,  E  Buck,  S  Raphael,  Arm  Graf,  Dr  B  Miller,  J  H  Miller,  &  2 
children.  W  Percival,  Hy  Fox,  Bernd  Shennell,  J  T  Smith,  W  D  May- 
hall,  B  McDuffy,  H  Haynes. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  4" 

From  Memphis,  Tenn.,  April  28th  : 

E  Wilkins,  Jn  Wills,  Mr.  Ledgerwood,  P  W  Kirkpatrick,  E  Mallory,  R 
S  Param,  J  P  Param,  G  Davis,  Capt  L  Lagrange,  Jn  Gary  Lamar, 
W  Macon,  R  B  Macon,  E  Williamson,  E  Morris,  H  Hart,  P  W  Fulings, 
Simon  Fant,  Mr  Monison,  M  D  Floyd,  R  Steele,  B  Uoxy,  Mr  Foster, 
Jas  Ballord. 

The  Ophir  Mining  Co.,  from  Boston,  April  6th  : 

Dana  Slade,  Alden  Daily,  Ed  Whipple,  E  C  Stone,  G  A  Aldrich,  W  P 
Taylor,  E  S  Gross,  J  B  Hill,  D  Buttler  J  S  Rand,  B  B  Neal.  D  A  Mans- 
field, Sm  Cushman. 

From  Pennsylvania  : 

Jas  Galloway,  J  M  Stephenson,  W  Smith,  G  A  Lyon,  J  P  Douglass,  J 
M  Woods,  G  W  Yeager,  R  Miller,  Hy  Gamble,  Jas  Williamson,  J  W 
Hastings,  Alex  Love,  Mr  Turner,  E  P  Tucker,  J  W  Depew,  R  C  Wood- 
wood,  G  B  Schmidt,  H  Hantz,  G  W  Rupp,  G  W  Klinefelter,  Sm  Dick, 
Dr  H  L  Smyser,  Hy  Holtzmeyer.  W  C  Chapman,  Alex  Wentz,  C  Har- 
baugh,  S  A  Henry,  Jacob  Kent,  Jonthn  Stover,  D  O  Prince,  T  King,  J 
W  Kuntz,  J  Cooper,  R  Lane,  P  Wolf,  E  Dye,  M  Hannigan. 

From  Georgia  : 

E  F  Park,  B  Breedlove,  T  W  White,  F  H  Sandford,  S  Park,  E  King, 
F  D  Edwards. 

From  Florida  : 

H  M  Brown,  T  Bezeau,  J  C  Knapp,  Ths  Barnard,  Geo  Barnard. 

From  Alabama  : 

A  Deming,  D  WC  Benshaw,  J  L  Davenport,  Rufus  Calwell,  A  J  Rich- 
ards, J  P  Cook,  Milton  Cook,  Jno  Deming,  I  G  House,  J  C  Otis,  S  Col- 
well,  P  J  Rymer,  H  Cook,  Wm  Rhodes,  F  Bone,  J  H  Chace,  G  S  Mc- 
Knight,  A  J  Spoflford,  G  W  Clark. 

From  Pittsburgh  : 

J  D  King,  W  T  and  A  H  Gross,  G  Stewart,  Wm  Gay,  D  Boudelear,  C 
Robins,  Alex  Moore,  D  C  Ellis. 

From  St.  Louis  and  New  York  : 

J  M  Seward,  J  McFarland,  Mr  Hitt,  S  Richmond,  C  King,  J  Skinner, 
H  Crandall,  B  F  Dudley,  Eli  Bidwell,  H  M  Miller,  J  Melburn. 

Members  of  the  Mount  Washington  Co.,  from  Boston,  started 
April  14th  : 

Jos  Thing,  E  S  Perkins,  Wm  Trumbull,  Ed  Willet,  TAB  Norris,  W 
B  Turner,  R  C  Shaw,  W  L  Jordan,  T  C  Green,  R  A  Lewis,  F  Forsaith, 


412  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

C  T  Kaulbeck,  J  Huff,  C  Marcy,  L  H  Richardson,  S  D  Murdough,  J 
Bogan,  E  Hinkley,  C  F  Winship,  A  Nye,  D  K  Knowles,  J  A  Morse,  S 
Southwick,  J  Mills.  C  F  Toby,  C  Houghton,  V  Woo-cock,  C  B  Lawton, 
C  Whittemore,  J  M  Ross,  J  Guild,  C  Snow,  J  L  Carpenter,  G  F  Sand- 
ford,  Wm  White,  Nthn  Watkins,  Wm  Wallace,  H  D  GuUerson,  R  Els- 
worth,  S  Mathews,  J  A  Winship. 

Left  Boston  May  15th,  overland  route  : 

J  Webber,  NAM  Dudley,  Col  Darling,  —  Leominster,  Otis  Stevens, 
C  Pevear,  R  C  Nichols,  Dr  Robinson,  Wm  Nichols,  J  K  Cowan,  Wm 
Walker,  Oliver  Welch,  F  K  S  Shed,  Dd  Hall,  J  H  Freeman,  Chs  Math- 
ews, N  W  Grossman,  S  Edgerly,  Jn  Tollman,  T  W  Palmer,  D  A  Hog- 
den,  C  Corbett,  T  W  and  H  F  Hyde,  Luther  Stone,  Dd  Allen,  G  W 
Smith,  Capt  A  Crane,  A  C  Thurber,  Jos  Collins,  G  S  Darling,  J  P  Tyler, 
G  C  Tyler,  I  S  Hawkins,  T  F  Davis,  G  C  Pearsons,  G  L  Coburn,  Syl- 
vanus  Paige. 

From  Pennsylvania: 

The  following  persons  at  Independence,  for  California,  March 
20th  : 

J  M  Stephenson,  G  A  Lyon,  Jas  Galloway,  G  W  Yeager,  J  M  Woods, 
Wm  Smith,  Robt  Miller,  Hy  Gamble,  Jn  Miller,  Jas  Williamson,  J  W 
Hastings,  Alex  Love,  E  P  Tucker,  J  W  Depue,  J  F  Gaslay,  S  C  Mann» 
J  M  Crammer,  Jn  Naglee. 

From  Virginia  : 

J  W  Bowers,  O  W  Harrison,  J  S  Showers,  G  W  Comegys,  J  Bender. 

From  Georgia: 

J  Y  Gardner,  E  Reeder,  J  A  McCrory,  DBF  Rolfe,  Rev  A  J  Stephen- 
son, F  M  Davenport,  A  C  McCrory,  Robt  McCrory,  T  W  Mitchener,  J  L 
Reeder,  Robt  Turk,  Phil  Friedlander,  L  Borneman,  J  W  Mitchener,  M 
Clay,  S  Scrieber,  Jesse  Livingston. 

From  other  places  : 

J  Cormack,  Harris  Seymour,  G  L  Denney,  G  Wilmot,  W  E  Richey, 
Yates  Ashley,  Mr.  Alexander,  wife  and  child,  Judge  Haskell,  Wm  Quig- 
ley,  F  McCluskey,  Phil  Johnsoh,  Brd  Crangle,  L  G  Pelton,  R  H  Witmer, 
Hy  Allen,  W  N  Stoddard,  Abm  Bates,  W  A  Lawrence,  Jas  French. 

From  Peoria,  111.,  April  4th: 

Capt  Phillips,  J  S  Bowers,  Jas  Armstrong,  Lonh  Howell,  Wm  &  C  L 
Armstrong,  Jacob  Adams,  M  Angel,  J  Angel,  B  H  Barnard.  B  J  Booker, 
A  H  Brown,  B  J  O'Brien,  Jesse  OBrien,  C  W  Boyden,  Hy  Bowman, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  413 

J  Crable,  Wm  Carman,  Thos  Carlyle,  J  R  Crandall,  Jacob  Culver, 
Jn  Collin,  Ed  Durst,  Elisha  Douglass,  Flemg  Dunn,  Andw  Drury, 
S  W  Eastmen,  J  R  Forsyth,  M  Fritchery,  W  Frury,  Geo  Ford,  G  H  Far- 
ron,  Wm  Giles,  Nat  Giles,  Nelson  Giles,  M  &  E  Greenman,  A  Hughs, 
C  M  Hinman,  R  W  Haynes,  Nathan  Hall,  S  R  Hicks,  W  H  Holland, 
Paul  Keim,  Owen  Kingsley,  Isaac  Lockman,  Myn  Lisk,  H  G  Miller,  J& 
H  Moftat,  Jas  Mitchell,  Jn  Monroe,  T  J  McGrew,  Warn  Nash,  J  Nichol- 
son, Obadiah  Oakley,  Allen  Philley,  Wm  Pearce,  W  E  Post,  Rbt  Pack, 
C  W  Reese,  Jn  &  Jas  Rankin,  E  Snow,  Peter  Shroff,  Hy  Stevens,  Lend 
Somers,  Jn  Shull,  Rees  Stevens,  Vlnte  Shutts,  W  H  Simmerman, 
J  Sampson,  A  S  Seward,  Adm  Sholl,  Wm  Sterling,  Josh  Thurwell,  Jn 
Tucker,  Sm  Tart,  Hce  Tarble,  Wm  Tapin,  Ira  Ward,  Geo  Wells,  Jn 
Winter,  Stpn  Winter,  M  &  R  Watson,  Joseph  Wood,  Ben  White,  Jos 
Ellis,  G  F  Pledge,  Mr  Tripp,  Orrin  Oakley,  Geo  Lawrens,  W  Spurk, 
Jas  Swan,  Wm  Howe,  Geo  Oakley,  Jas  Margins,  Seth  Sturgess,  Hy 
Hann,  Jas  Maxwell,  Wm  Stilwell,  Abijah  Hunt,  Rubn  Crowell,  Jerome 
Stevens,  Andw  Johnson,  Jo  Hunt,  W  G  Tryall,  D  M  McConnell,  J  S 
Cleaveland,  Dl  Barnard. 

From  Indiana: 

E  D  Bartlett,  A  S  Hall,  G  A  Sherlan,  Elisha  Barnes,  S  Johnson,  Wdn 
Batey,  Th  Hoops,  Scott  Ashman,  T  Moore,  C  Guttery,  H  P  Kanen- 
hower,  W  Orr,  L  Burns,  S  E  Burns,  Dr  H  B  Russell,  P  Russell,  S  E 
Welch,  Erast  Dennis,  Jn  Roop,  L  L  Hicks,  Abm  Thomas,  Asher  Morse, 
C  R  Jewett,  C  Boyles,  J  Beacham,  S  P  Judson,  E  E  Wheeler,  Thos 
Smith,  G  Doolittle,  S  B  George,  R  Hamsher,  Wm  Thomas,  Jas  Huss, 
Hy  A  Knapp,  C  T  Stead,  Matthew  Chase,  J  Foulkes,  S  P  Ogden,  Ellis 
Russell,  Wm  Peat,  J  D  Driver,  E  H  Blair,  Jn  Stead,  J  Davenbaugh,  J 
Bauer,  J  Murphy,  T  F  Shoups,  E  Pratt,  Wm  Alverson,  Jas  Carson,  Geo 
Butts,  Jacob  Butts,  T  F  Mendenhal,  M  J  Phillips,  Geo  Harsh,  Thos 
Richardson,  N  B  Tibbats,  W  V  Stocking,  A  B  Berthol,  Francis  Black, 
Jas  Doolittle,  Melvle  Phillips,  Jn  Wade,  H  J  Doolittle,  G  A  Merrifield, 
A  M  Wing,  Wale  Thomas,  Dd  Darr,  T  Wilkinson,  Jas  Tryon,  Dd  Zook, 
Thos  Stockdale,  J  Frazier,  H  Winger,  L  H  Sargent  Luther  Sheriam, 
Lewis  Comparet,  S  L  Cottrell,  Chs  Bertrand,  jn  Vessey,  H  McNabb, 
Anthy  Labadie,  A  Coquilard,  Francis  Page,  J  Groenical,  W  W  Stuart, 
L  A  Booth,  T  M  Lindley,  M  D  Topping,  W  R  Stewart,  J  Blackburn,  E 
Denniston. 

Company  from  Lafayette^  May  13th. 

J  Dennett,  F  W  Thayer,  J  B  Congle,  L  M  Brown,  Jere  Starr,  Z  B 
Richardson,  Robt  Little,  N  Littleton,  G  W  Patterson,  Jos  Gray,  S  Tay- 
lor, L  P  H  Verden,  Sm  Percy,  S  S  Thompson,  G  S  Rose,  W  Hawthorn, 


414  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

F  W  Brown.  A  Garrett,  W  C  Baird,  G  H  C  Stackhouse,  S  A  Berry,  Jn 
Fisher,  Alpheus  Bull,  H  C  Lawrence,  C  R  Scudder,  Martin  Verdon,  Dan 
McDonald. 

Following  is  a  list  of  v^essels  with  the  names  of  their  passengers 
that  sailed  from  the  various  Atlantic  Seaports  for  California  in 
1849. 

From  New  York  City. 

Ship  Albany,  January  nth: 

W  H  Rogers,  J  R  Johnson,  W  S  Ogden,  C  N  Doane,  J  Pullman,  D  C 
Gourlay,  John  Ellis,  G  Fomes,  C  Tucker,  P  French,  F  L  Mather,  Rbt 
Fast,  S  Lasala,  W  Gibson,  M  Hayes,  A  Weill,  H  Bissell,  S  S  Whitlock, 
J  Gibson,  J  Brown,  A  Horsemann,  G  W  Anderson,  James  Morris,  E  Sea- 
man, R  S  Somerviile,  H  Meiggs,  E  W  Meiggs,  M  S  Cornell,  A  R  Law- 
rence, J  L  Morehead,  C  Whitehouse,  R  D  Hall,  H  S  Horton,  Wm  Rob- 
bins,  A  Durell,  Wm  Heymer,  E  Shuremann,  L  B  Ingersoll,  C  S  Hutch- 
ins  jr,  T  Hayes,  John  Hayes,  J  Letson,  S  Edwards,  P  McVey.  J  Cregan, 
C  Phillips.  S  C  Horsely,  L  Barnes,  F  Pidgeon,  J  J  Day,  E  Edwards, 
T  Ritchardson,  L  H  Mayoring,  P  T  Bertine,  G  Breasted,  J  Dorlen, 
E  Pinard,  A  Balimere,  F  Rinnins,  J  Anderson,  T  Gilchrist,  S  J  Hughes. 

Brigg  Orbit  sailed  January  13th: 

Passengers,  F  Best,  J  N  Best,  J  W  Pennoyer,  D  H  Plass,  E  Waldorph 
C  Pierson,  A  P  Norton,  F  Reynolds,  G  W  Garretson,  P  L  Traver,  H 
Van  Dyck,  J  G  Chapman,  J  D  Jessup,  W  Dorchester,  —  Curtis,  F  E 
Stowe,  Jesse  Squire,  Geo  Barton,  Ed  Halfield,  C  C  Massey,  Jeremiah 
Race,  E  C  Coffin,  I  Buckman,  Jr,  Thos  Newell,  B  F  Harder,  F  Hodge- 
boom,  Geo  Jerome,  M  Coventry,  H  L  Loop,  N  Jacobie,  J  R  Chapman, 
C  C  Penfield,  R  M  McClelland,  A  J  Van  Dyck,  M  Ten  Cyck. 

Shij)  Chris  Colon,  sailed  Jan.  6th  : 

P  B  Schermerhorn,  Dr.  J  W  Ray,  C  H  Buckmaster,  J  H  Beekman,  E 
W  Spofford,  W  J  Emmet,  Herm  Le  Roy,  —  Jones,  C  S  Hatch,  Wm 
Leedoin,  C  J  Torbett,  J  Ackerman,  J  Frothingham,  J  R  St  Felix,  M  B 
Thomas,  T  J  French,  J  Stanton,  Hy  Livingston,  W  Grockson,  C  Van 
Allen,  Edw  Herrick,  H  B  Livingston,  C  H  Giles,  C  T  Emmet,  L  B  Lent, 
T  B  Downing,  S  L  Haven,  W  P  Bailey.  Wm  K  Keene,  G  E  St  Felix,  T 
F  Thomas.  J  R  Garcia,  J  L  Boggs,  Dr  B  D  Smith. 

Steamer  Crescent  City  sailed  from  New  York  July  ist : 
J  Connor,  J  H  Gray.  A  J  Mandeville,  E  Lewis,  C  E  Mott,  J  Bartlett, 
J  B  Sagar,  J  R  Witherman,  H  Darragh,  H  H  O'Gallaghan,  N  Talbot,  A 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  415 

L  Eichel,  T  R  Dascomb,  S  &  B  Stinson.  S  H  Sabin,  G  H  Graham,  A 
Sandforcl,  N  N  Shepard,  D  Schoonhaven,  Wm  Drake,  C  W  Hartshorne, 
S  K  March,  F  A  Howell,  J  P  Clark,  T  Tilden,  G  cSc  A  G  Rice,  S  Ellis,  C 
Wilson,  W  Halstead,  J  C  Davidson,  B  F  Rand,  J  FoUansbee,  A  S  Eddy, 
J  Andrews,  S  Knapp,  J  Noycs,  II  Johnson,  L  M  Hart,  A  Graham,  J 
Chapman,  C  W  Churchill,  F  Mclntyre,  L  Ingraham,  A  S  Carpenter,  J  P 
Luther,  B  M  Hyatt,  S  Chase,  S  Day,  J  F  Howe,  Mr  Hilligers,  W  Schenck, 
C  Wiley,  W  Shattuck,  J  S  Hyatt,  T  Andrews.  J  Post,  N  H  Reynolds, 
Capt  C  M  Grinnell,  D  L  Flanegan,  C  Palmer,  W  T  Brown,  H  Reed,  LG 
McDonald,  D  S  Turner,  D  B  Rosing,  W  Kendall,  J  H  Fish,  J  W  Magin- 
nis,  W  H  Connolly,  W  S  Carr,  H  Braes,  J  Hunker,  Mr  Noes,  J  Lansing, 
E  Doty,  J  G  Hodge,  J  S  Watson,  J  V  Schenck,  G  H  Buttock,  F  P  Fitz, 
C  A  Mead,  E  P  Briggs,  J  Perry,  E  W  Brown,  A  H  McNair,  Capt  Nye, 
F  Bailey,  J  Dougherty,  J  S  Maloney,  G  Innis,  L  C  Hyland,  W  Francis, 
A  Billings,  J  Magstaft,  J  Long,  C  K  Taylor,  C  B  Gilland,  M  J  W  Talcot, 
G  M  Jackson,  J  H  Hodges,  D  Johnson,  A  D  Perry,  A  C  McCarty,  E  H 
Schofield,  J  McDaniels,  B  Adrian,  C  B  Mitchell,  C  A  Taylor,  D  Lind- 
say, E  Anderson,  T  D  Bixby,  S  Carey,  L  R  Anthony,  G  Magstaft",  P  W 
Bennett,  L  N  Jones,  A  Schenck,  H  T  King,  C  Baker,  F  J  ames,  C  Moore, 
J  Lane,  W  Wine,  J  H  Davis,  W  H  Smith,  J  D  C  Beach,  S  D  Doliver.  J 
D  Cox,  A  Allen,  D  F  HoUingsworth,  Capt  Swain.  R  M  Floyd,  W  Taylor, 
J  S  Townsend,  J  F  Smock,  W  B  Gardner,  W  H  Chandler,  C  Lee,  J  G 
Dana,  W  H  Benton,  E  Sutton.  J  H  Eddy,  L  T  Talbot,  B  Tilley,  E  P 
Barker,  A  Staples,  A  L  Eddy,  J  H  Spies,  C  Goodwin,  W  Barclay,  E  S 
Morsely,  R  Moore,  N  Wing,  M  Wallis,  G  W  Beach,  M  Haywood,  D 
Daniels,  A  Belcher,  J  Allen,  A  O  Crougur,  C  £  Young,  J  Edsal,  H  Edsal, 
C  W  Rand,  P  Folger,  E  Moore,  J  M  Farrar,  S  L  Burritt,  H  J  Chambers, 
R  Turnbull,  J  J  Bryant,  J  G  Brown,  F  M  Macondray,  Lieut  E  Beal,  J 
Holkins,  D  Wright,  C  E  Hitchcock,  H  M  Whitney,  E  Ingersoll,  W  Bul- 
lock, R  D  Kimball  and  wife,  C  Shaw,  J  Wakely,  D  Murray,  C  D  Thomp- 
son, W  H  Christie,  W  W  Dwight,  D  Mayner,  H  D  Fitch,  J  Smith,  C  R 
Peters,  J  Jackson,  J  Simpson,  C  S  Gunn,  C  Dwight,  H  Mallen,  F  R 
Starr,  C  W  Daniels,  L  Brown,  C  Ince,  J  C  Leach,  D  Knower,  F  W  Ur- 
man,  J  Curry,  C  Rich,  W  S  Pearson,  S  A  Pettis,  G  M  Reid,  J  C  Jaques, 
H  A  Smith,  M  D  Pratt,  J  Keeler,  P  A  Roach,  J  H  Cook,  J  L  Cramer,  D 
Knapp,  S  Norris,  J  G  Hooper,  D  Chauncey,  W  F  Walton,  W  D  Kesler. 

Steamer  Empire  City,  sailed  July  17th  : 

A  McLane,  Gbt  Fowler,  C  C  Greenough,  Jos  Townsend,  J  Shumway, 
C  A  Druy,  J  W  Kearney,  J  H  Place,  Wm  Place,  Dd  Moore,  Geo  Able, 
Jn  McCann,  Jas  Moore,  J  A  Percy,  Rbt  McDowell,  J  F  Signer,  Rbt 
Barnard,  Rbt  Edmonds,  Jarcd  Greenman,  HyDuel,  D  T  Jenks,  W  Wil- 
liams, M  Parezzo,  N  W  Palmer,  Sm  Wheeler,  Jn  McKindley,  J  W  Rice, 


41 6  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Manus  Herman,  J  Solutz,  Hy  Chadwick,  Jn  Linsey,  Jas  Whitehead,  Jn 
Schules,  G  W  Pinkney,  J  B  Micow,  J  HaHday,  G  K  Brooks,  Jas  Gushing, 
J  W  Fannington,  G  W  Blenthen,  R  M  Cunstein,  Moses  Roach,  J  C 
Hasty,  J  B  Barker,  Jasn  Hinman,  P  D  Beecher,  Capt  Jas  Bowen,  E  T 
Lake,  L  D  Carlneas,  K  O  Brigham,  J  B  Glover,  J  Van  Allen,  G  J  Chase, 
J  S  Vanderheyden,  Wm  Blackwood,  W  N  Canfield,  F  O  W  Tenn,  Jno 
Ford,  S  Wesel,  D  B  Balen.  G  W  Underhill,  Jn  Gorden,  Wm  Plumpton, 
E  Laymen,  Jn  Farnsworth,  W  Whates,  B  Frazer,  M  Barbere,  M  Le 
Grand,  Frs  Anderson,  Jas  Brooker,  Jn  Orr,  Jas  Bell,  Wm  Wade,  Coy 
Willisten,  Php  Van  Wart,  J  R  Haflf,  Jno  Styles,  Josh  Vincent,  Leond 
Thorn,  Alex  Moncrief,  Wm  Metcalf,  N  Y  Horner,  Php  Netherton, 
Darius  Bartley,  Thos  Woolsey,  G  W  Baldwin,  R  R  Dyckman,  J  B 
Glover,  Ed  Bartholomew,  M  W  Bonnell,  Wm  Baker,  Jacob  Browning, 
W  Hartman,  A  Henlin,  L  Seden,  O  &  A  Chargot,  Dr  Frisbee,  F  A 
Browne,  W  Cary  Innes,  J  VanDewater,  Wm  Vanderbilt,  A  Forbes,  A  J 
Elwood,  Herman  True,  Mrs  Barrett,  E  Dunham,  F  Dodd,  W  King,  E 
J  Shoemaker,  Dr  O  G  Shark,  J  S  Mickles,  G  M  Smith,  Dd  Mallett, 
J  T  Burns,  R  G  Thompson,  J  McCombs,  C  F  Simpson,  Capt  Jas 
Peterson,  J  B  Weir,  W  Wood,  —  Munson,  —  Hoyt,  Isrl  Post,  C  E 
Young,  T  A  Lynch,  P  Van  Schmidt,  J  P  Green,  Augs  Haussman,  A 
J  White,  M  S  Martin,  Dd  Davis,  Jn  Webb,  C  S  Kassim,  W  F  Pale- 
frem,  Jn  Young,  G  S  Hodskin,  C  F  Lipman,  T  H  Tomes,  Jack  H 
Take,  W  D  Storer,  W  T  Ryerson,  Hzl  Skillings,  W  F  Kelsey,  Jos 
Bluxome.  J  C  Harris,  H  J  Burdick,  W  C  Young,  A  J  Nyeum,  W  D  Gal- 
braith,  A  F  Hinchman,  J  F  Beck,  Ed  Burgess,  C  H  Morris,  R  B  Way, 
C  L  Patten,  J  W  Linsey,  Geo  Beadle,  J  B  Tanner,  Hy  Bennett,  C  H 
Storm,  Erst  Zachusen,  Gabl  Edmann,  J  Humphrey,  Jas  Coleman,  H 
D  Tuttle,  J  H  Reddington,  E  L  Hadden,  Hy  Hemssin,  Hy  Almink, 
Dl  Fitzgerald,  J  H  Cook,  R  D  Merrill,  J  F  Averill,  J  L  Sullivan,  Wm 
Kelly,  J  Meny,  Alex  Eddy,  P  L  Burlingame,  J  P  Whitney,  G  Renand, 
Chs  Ressellin,  R  P  Tucker,  R  O  Raymond,  J  B  Gushing. 

Bark  Tecumseh,  sailed  July  ist,  New  York. 

Mrs.  J  B  Wingerd,  Mr  Dillon,  J  W  Petty,  S  Lintz,  F  L  Guerin,  Wm 
French,  J  P  Hawkins,  Jonathn  Wilson,  Wm  Gassert,  Dd  Green,  R  C 
Liscomb,  N  Piercy,  C  D  Draper,  W  Thomas,  W  O  Draper,  S  W  Draper, 
Adon  M  Aldrich,  Edwn  Richards,  G  H  Richards,  Lewis  Shcpherdson, 
Geo  Downes,  H  N  S  Holmes,  D  M  Wheeler,  Alex  Corbitt,  Jn  Sykes,  H 
W  Gray,  II  P  Hoyt,  wife  and  four  children,  Chas  Knapp,  Stn  Foster, 
Chs  Gotterbarm,  G  Schoonhoven,  G  Piatt,  Hy  Jones,  G  W  Paulding,  G 
Barnhart,  L  B  Broad,  C  A  Maise,  Jn  Jones,  Robt  Lynch,  Chs  Anger, 
F  A  Heedcr.C  W  Meyer,  W  Wood,  B  Bennett,  Sam  Bird.  Herman  Are- 
hart.  T  Dorland,  W  B  Coats,  R  C  Darden,  P  H  Porter,  H  J  Coats,  Jn 


7?IE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  417 

Sykes,    Dr   Fish,  G  Spear,   C  S  Coon,  Geo  Coon,  J    B  Wingerd,   Mrs 
Johnson  and  son,  H  W  Gray. 

Steamer  Falcon,  sailed  19th  April. 

T  B  King,  Col  J  Hooker,  Col  R  T  P  Allen,  W  H  Hudson,  R  N  Allen, 
M  A  Dcvvolf,  Wm  Willock,  O  V  Williams,  Mr  Brooks,  J  B  Kenyon,  E  B 
Kenyon,  Jn  Woodward,  J  B  Swain,  A  Van  Wyck;  W  Van  Schaik,  Geo 
Doane,  Ed  McLean,  H  Taylor,  R  Shankland,  M  M  Dickinson,  J  S  Gibbs, 
W  A  Walker,  S  Leland.  Jn  Boyer,  H  S  Ketcham,  W  M  Eddy,  L  W 
Ferris,  J  Burns,  S  W  Shelton,  R  S  Putnam,  J  Briggs,  J  C  Bowser,  J  B 
Avaline,  Jn  McKean,  A  Simpson,  J  G  and  W  E  Simpson,  Chs  Doer- 
mer,  D  Leland,  W  T  Pratt,  D  P  Rich,  J  Jackson,  Hy  Smith,W  Green. 

Steamer  Unicorn,  from  New  York,  April  23d  : 

R  L  Putnam,  Dr  J  B  Grarland,  J  M  Garland,  S  Chenn,  O  Sthreshly, 
Mr  Newman,  Dr  De  la  Montagne  and  wife,  J  Dobson'  J  Finnic,  W  C 
Disbrow,  R  Glover,  W  A  Green,  N  McDonald,  Theron  Minor,  Geo  Lev- 
eridge,  R  Goodrich  Reganor,  G  W  Coffee,  J  Desotell,  T  Mahoney,  J 
Sheppard,  T  J  Smith,  T  Jones,  E  Townsend,  J  B  Brady,  S  Osborn,  A 
Andrews,  W  Haywood,  J  Perry,  A  Coles,  P  Jones,  O  R  Howes,  E  C 
Jenny,  C  Bishop,  Mr  Ravenhill,  G  Stimpson,  Mr  Cox,  W  P  Perley,  L  P 
Spofford,  W  C  and  M  Smith,  E  Allen. 

Ship  Probus,  sailed  June  21st: 

Dr  Gustavus  Taylor,  Wm  P  Hanna,  J  C  Hanna,  J  A  C  Vamorossum, 
A  G  Gildemeister,  Ed  O'Harra,  H  D  Alden,  J  W  Gill,  E  and  R  H  Swift, 
A  H  Pierce  and  wife,  Andw  Zeffert,  Jacob  Guiser,  Robt  Henry,  Dr 
Owen,  R  S  Owen,  L  B  Bontemps  and  wife,  Jn  Leonard,  J  Mamees, 
Stephn  Parrett,  H  P  Parrett,  J  A  Jennings,  L  Routh,  Andrew  Klaus, 
Jn  Klaus,  W  S  O'Connor,  Jn  Allen,  M  W  Quick,  Sm  Wilson,  L  M 
Richie. 

Str.  Panama,   sailed  June  20th  : 

J  M  Gleason,  M  Schellenberger,  M  Little,  G  Morris,  Juan  Band  in  & 
Sons,  Major  J  A  Hardie,  P  Frazer,  G  H  Gould,  N  H  Bachelder,  J  H 
Egleston,  R  P  Campbell,  S  H  Branchs,  B  P  Williams,  Mr  Paty  and  2 
children,  Mr  and  Mrs  Jar\'is  and  child,  W  F  De  Jongh,  N  E  Givins,  D 
H  Whipley  &  Son,  A  J  Morrell,  Mrs  Geary,  Alex  Ruden,  E  Escobar,  J 
Abell,  J  P  Dunn,  J  O  Agnew,  G  H  Williams,  G  A  Dean,  Anson  House, 
A  Frost  &  wife,  J  H  Ackerman,  J  Steinhard,  S  D  Melville,  J  A  Marcley, 
E  H  Boardman,  J  T  Hoffman,  L  L  Moss  wife  &  4  children,  J  J  Black,  J 
M  Lord,  Jas  Connelle,  Washn  Adams,  Chs  Leidoff,  Jn  Voorhees, — 
Bronson,  C  Whitney,  D  P  Webster,  J  P  Conner,  Isaac  Stokey,  Jn  Men- 


4i8  THE  AKGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

roe,  Geo  Corgin,  Archibald  and  Miss  Sinclair,  C  G  Rowe,  Archibald 
Roane,  J  Sherwood,  J  Sanchez,  G  F  Thomas,  Jos  Martin,  A  Frank,  W 
T  Osborne,  W  J  Goodrich. 

Sch.  Francisco,  sailed  July  3d  : 

G  R  Dudley,  N  Holmes,  SDean,  R  Dean,  W  Martin,  W  Neil,  C  Strat- 
ton,  Robt  Elliott,  W  Williston,  C  S  Moody,  Chs  Pierson. 

Ship  Prince  De  Joinville,  sailed  July  9th  : 

H  Tallman,  Dr  D  A  Edgar,  H  B  Cossitt,  J  A  Kyte,  Rbt  Watkinson,  J 
M  Hood,  E  B  Hood,  F  S  Larned,  M  J  Boehme,  J  A  Large,  Jn  Bassett, 
Wm  Aldinger,  R  L  Standish,   E  S  James,  E  W  Watt,  Rbt  Sanford. 

Bark  Philena,  sailed  July  nth  : 

E  S  Hubbell.  J  N  Dawley,  J  W  Schuyler,  Mrs  Schuyler,  T  M  Mandir- 
able,  J  Stockholm,  D  O  Rugen,  C  W  Smith,  J  G  Tower,  W  W  Arm- 
strong, E  Osborn,  A  Austin,  S  Rice,  G  Brown,  D  C  Swain,  J  Court,  C 
H  Moulton,  T  P  Sherman,  S  C  &  H  V  Herbert,  N  Gove,  W  H  Collins, 
S  Barber,  J  Frost,  Dr  H  Hosketh,  J  W  Tobey,  L  Bade  J  Macy,  W 
Martin. 

Brig  Mexican,    July  12th  : 

J  A  Monroe,  Jacob  Crowinshield,  E  D  Swartout,  F  R  Wright  MD,  T 
C  Laborde,  Ed  Tyler,  Chs  Rowan,  Jas  Hearn,  Ed  Field.  Rensalaer, 
Schuyler,  Wm  Sterritt,  Jas  Conklin,  Chs  Jackson,  Josh  Phelan,  Dan 
Wyant. 

On  Steamer  Panama,  express,  May  nth  : 

Capt  Ryan,  Fdk  Collins,  H  S  Putting,  L  G  Austin,  J  A  Richardson, 
Geo  Garner,  Jas  Smith,  Ench  Coffee,  Wm  Ransdell,  C  D  Bonesell,  J  W 
Noble,  J  Miller,  J  H  Chapman,  A  Cook,  L  Aulden,  A  Vanderbeck, 
Howd  Tan,  R  B  Quick,  J  H  Jackson,  J  W  Gowen,  H  Tooker,  Robt 
Phipps,  J  Scott,  Nathl  Donnan,  W  Southerland,  Saml  Capp,  A  M  Berry, 
Frank  Moses,  J  F  Wheeler,  F  Allerton,  S  Shoefelt,  J  Cornwell,  Rbt 
Walker,  Jn  Thompson,  Ben  Johnson,  T  J  Collins. 

Ship  Angelique,  sailed  May  19th  : 

Wm  Hilt,  R  L  R  Dilmars.  In  Sheppard,  W  C  Wyatt,  C  L  Carson,  Ths 
Russell,  B  L  Marshall,  J  W  Kitchem,  J  O  Ferrell,  H  H  Barclay,  Sml 
Huston,  J  Whitney,  J  H  Rogers,  J  Hitchcock,  Conls  Ackerman,  Miss 
Sampson,  Mrs  Barker,  Mrs  Griswold,  Mrs  Farnham  and  2  children. 

Steamer  Crescent  City,  sailed  May  24th  : 

E  A  Johnson,  C  W  Stewart,  J  Hills,  D  Lamb,  J  Payne,  F  S  Wood- 
win,  C  Gibson,  F  Osgood,  T  W  Colburn,  G   D  Colburn,  L  L  Colburn,  G 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  419 

W  Ferine,  J  A  Walker,  C  Foster,  Lieut  R  Meade,  A  Roberts,  J  Selling, 
J  D  Lyon,  H  Hartmann,  J  M  Strobridge,  J  5tettnins,  W  O  Stevenson, 
J  D  VVaugh,  A  P  DeWitt,  C  W  Babcock,  T  L  Hollinstrom.  W  B  Kirby. 
J  Bailey.  T  H  Babson,  R  H  Miller,  C  H  Whittemore,  J  W  Sumner,  C 
Spear,  U  Higgins,  W  Holbrow,  J  Knight,  C  Middlebrook. 

Steamer  Falcon,  sailed  May  27th: 

A  Dupuy,  B  Dupuy  and  son,  G  M  Burnham,  F  P  Tracy,  C  E  Foster, 
W  Jenkins,  Rollin  Thorn,  M  Castro,  M  C  M  Burkle,  Annis  Merrill,  J  D 
Hart,  E  D  Weld,  Jn  Hobbs,  C  Knowlton,  J  McVicar,  W  Johnson,  D 
Lamb,  Geo  Crook,  C  Wetmore,  J  C  Wetmore,  S  O  and  H  Wetmore,  H 
B  Kellogg,  H  Gosi,  W  A  Emmons,  R  Gurley,  C  Wollet,  R  Finniger,  S 
Wetgel,  Dr  H  Henninway,  Dr  Richardson,  J  O  Laughlin,  J  S  Mead,  J 
P  Fay,  H  Horton,  W  H  Holt,  Theo  Thickler,  G  W  Fowle,  L  G  Hing- 
ham,  W  Frisbie,  W  H  Thomes,  J  H  Bunting,  A  A  Rhodes,  Capt  Mc 
Caduck,  J  W  Jones, 

Bark  Hannah  Sprague,  sailed  May  21st: 

D  Evrett,  Hm  Daggett,  A  Wheeler,  W  Melton,  S  J  Bookstaver,  J  D 
Dodge,  G  W  Dupignua,  J  R  Wiley,  Wm  Bothwell,  J  Mead,  A  and  J  A 
A  Post,  L  L  Pert,  Aaron  Peck  and  wife,  L  Peck  and  wife.  Miss  Peck, 
Mrs  D  F  Lansing,  and  son  and  daughter,  J  Frink,  wife  and  2  children, 
D  R  Garniss,  W  H  Smith,  J  R  Garniss,  M  L  Merrick,  W  D  Foreman,  A 
'  J' Cost,  J  G  Doreman,  J  H  Allen,  Dr  J  Webster,  R  P  Hoag,  W  L  Grubb, 
D  Goddard,  S  Fair,  J  M  Bellinger,  A  E  Johnson,  R  M  Bellinger,  D  W 
Provost,  Geo  Travis,  W  D  Folger,  C  C  Hall,  Paul  Huzcke,  J  H  Corneli- 
son,  Ralph  Hulse,  M  E  Trebout,  J  Coddington,  M  St  George  Twiss,  W 
H  Beadell,  Dr  Lathrop,  J  T  Lee,  Jos  Numnes,  A  Jacqueth,  Geo  Bronson, 
T  W  Hazlett,  P  Alebast,  Jas  Pettigrew,  G  T  Titman,  R  H  Deaving,  L 
M  McKee,  G  T  Tracy,  S  W  Root,  J  D  Rice,  D  Wright,  Saml  Rickett, 
Plato  Williams,  C  F  Clark,  Geo  Pews,  Chs  Kinezyn,  Sm  Hemon,  Archbld 
Brown,  Wm  Thompson,  Wm  Evans,  J  R  Hale,  T  C  Reed,  G  T  Corv,  C 
A  Berger,  W  S  Brown,  W  Atkinson,  H  McSten.  W  N  Caldwell,  N 
David,  M  Osgood,  L  Gashein,  W  T  Simpson,  Mk  Robinson,  G  W 
Brown,  E  Coyett,  C  Brooks,  Sm  Butts,  A  Fasten,  S  Harris,  W  Owens, 
Wm  Wood,  J  R  Dare,  Dan  Mavry,  E  E  Merchant,  A  W  Hazard.  A 
Brown,  W.  T  Jones. 

Passengers  of  Bark  Griffon,  March  8th  : 

J  T  Hedden,  J  Overton.  W  W  Martin,  H  H  Martin.  H  G  Hunt,  Geo 
Stoutenburg,  O  S  Halstead,  F  W  Halstead,  Theo  Lewis,  O  G  Smith,  J 
W  Lewis,  J  R  Donalson,  Ed  Belant,  Morris  Kennedy,  Darius  Bedford, 
Jn  Denyse,  G  D  Hughes,  H  C  Ward,  A  H  Halstead.  Piatt  Sop.r,  W  H 
Wittirnore,  Horace  Vangriron.  W  H  Guatier,  Chas  Gushing.  J  W  Nc-  - 


420  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF   CALIFORMA. 

ill,  Geo  Bedford,  Dr  A  P  Munson,  T  A  Vanzandt,  Thos  Potter,  Jn 
Peters,  G  W  Scudder,  J  B  Freeman,  T  F  Andrews,  Hy  Griswold,  Jn 
Craven,  Jalh  Williams,  L  Lyon,  D  C  Pierson,  A  M  Hunter,  A  Vande- 
venter,  C  S  &  W  C  Lufberry,  J  Lenare,  D  R  Sture,  W  O  Moore,  S  B 
King,  C  S  Denman,  S  R  Smith,  E  Correy. 

Passengers  of  bark  Santee,  March  22d  : 

\V  W  Candee,  Jn  Clark,  F  S  Gardiner,  A  A  Alpros,  Albt  Case,  Rodny 
Goodenough,  C  E  Smith,  J  W  Johnston,  H  O  Burritt,  N  Hammond, 
Jothn  Hamor,  Jn  Pagin  and  wife,  Wm  Pagin,  C  S  Rebello,  G  H  Holt,  C 
Espersan,  G  Sherv'oy,  A  A  Sharp,  Master  Middleton,  J  Coffin,  Mr  Has- 
kins,  D  Milligan,  Col  Sturt  Perr}%  Oliver  &  Crandall,  Dd  Plummer,  J  F 
Haggerford,  B  S  Osborne,  W  H  Walrad,  B  Leavenworth,  H  D  Kirck,  J 
B  Norton,  Dan  Rankin,  Morse  Mathews,  Nelson  ^Vilcox,  W  L  Carpen- 
ter, W  H  Walrad,  F  W  Lenicke,  Thos  Rankin. 

Passengers  of  bark  Isabel,  from  New  Brunswick,  Feb.  3d  : 

Capt  N  R  Brewer,  R  S  Sinclair,  Dr  A  F  Taylor,  I  E  Vangleson,  J  W 
Van  Middlesworth,  J  V  Spader,  J  H  Berlen,  P  V  Fisher,  J  Van  Nuis,  jr, 
Dd  Abdill,  J  M  Caywood,  M  Caywood,  Jas  Forman,  T  Letsen,  T  H 
Pyatt,  Wm  Connover,  J  F  Suydam,  Albert  Riley,  J  Kirkpatrick,  Peter 
Davis,  G  H  Martin,  Wm  Rowland,  W  F  Marsh,  Theo  Skillman,  W  V  S 
Annim.  M  Hoagland,  Jas  Cook,  J  R  Hardenberg,  W  V  Vilet,  R  M  Ed- 
monds, Gabriel  Sillocks,  J  R  Grant,  B  H  Low,  J  C  Dunham,  P  Outkirk, 
P  Suydam,  W  P  Castner,  G  D  Martin,  G  W  Reamer,  J  B  Dayton,  W  C 
Kellum,  Dd  Swayne,  J  R  Brewer,  P  D  Elmendorf,  C  S  Stout,  CDS 
Boyce,  J  H  Van  Deveer,  Randolph  Low. 

Passengers  of  bark  Henry  Harbeck,  ]March  9th: 

Cornels  Schenck  and  wife,  E  Swift  and  wife,  Dr  J  R  Edwards,  C  D 
Smith,  Capt  Jas  Myrick,  A  P  Middleton,  P  H  Carman,  W  K  Cost.  Ptr 
Warner,  T  R  Howard,  T  Ryan,  Jos  Ryan,  Jonthn  Goodhall,  Jn  Law- 
rence, J  N  Webster,  B  F  Weaver,  A  Nellis,  B  Worden,  C  G  Price,  B 
Street,  A  D  White.  J  R  Smi'.h,  Wm  Hoatling,  C  O  Barton,  P  H  Owens. 
Walter  Lane,  Geo  Hoffman,  L  Taylor,  C  Ford,  Lewis  George,  Chas  Ford. 
G  W  Coffee.  L  Biddleman,  J  W  Flandreau,  Wm  BeacrofT,  Wm  Snyder, 
S  M  DegrofT,  O  Sedgwick,  Mike  Magraff,  A  C  Maynard,  J  Mesick,  S  M 
Gallup,  H  W  McConkey,  R  Welch,  J  S  Hoatling,  J  Salisbur>%  H  Burton, 
H  P  DegrofT,  J  Larkin,  H  M  Bean,  J  E  Stickler.  B  Smith,  H  Worden, 
J  D  Kennard,  W  H  Kilborn,  J  McCollom,  H  C  Bouck,  W  P  Kennard, 
Wm  Christy. 

Passengers  of  bark  Mousam,  from  New  York,  ]\Iarch  8th: 
Hy  Waldo,  Capt  S  J  Coffin,  H  B  Gear>',  J  M  Burroughs,  Dr  Onder- 
donk,  P  Onderdonk,  J  G  Spangler,  A  G  Newman,  G  A  Pease,  P  Rousi, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  421 

A  Vedder,  H  Lampman,  W  Williams,  R  A  Demmick,  S  Skinkle,  A  A 
Fuller,  J  E  Babcock,  H  P  Lees,  P  D  Bray,  H-Doty,  P  H  Van  Vleck,  J 
Cakins,  Z  B  Wittick,  P  Van  Bramer,  H  A  Esmonce,  G  F  P  Dawson,  C 
Gray,  J  W  Marshall,  E  Howard,  B  Brush,  W  F  Worthy,  P  D  Freleigh, 
W  Purdy,  M  Bain,  C  Markle,  S  Vasburgh,  W  L  R  Livingston,  P  A 
Winna,  L  E  Roberts,  J  G  Madison,  C  Smith,  W  D  Eltning,  P  Holen- 
beck,  C  V  Hitchcock,  E  Best,  J  Best,  G  A  Nash,  R  P  Dunsburj-,  F  C 
Riesdorph,  C  L  Blereron,  C  Van  Duesan,  C  E  Carpenter,  G  F  Mitchell, 
J  C  Williams. 

Passengers  of  bark  Norumberg,  from  New  York,  March  8th: 

David  Kisner,  Wltr  Hyer,  Ed  Pillet,  Sml  Goodenough,  G  A  Backus, 
Chas  Bloom,  C  D  Smith,  Wm  Jones,  J  S  Monroe,  Hardng  Vander- 
pool,  Andw  Perinem,  Robt  Buchannan,  Dd  Demerest,  Edwn  Roe,  W 
J  Watkins,  Frcs  Donnelly,  Sml  Young,  W  J  Howard,  Myers  Morange, 
Rd  Dugan,  Cornls  Ful'kerson,  S  H  Denton,  W  H  Warden,  P  M 
Mahon,  Geo  Thompson,  W  H  Benjamin,  Geo  Lansdown,  Geo  Young, 
T  W  Denton,  Jn  McBeath,  J  F  Wilkins,  Angus  S  Noe,  Wm  Bason, 
Rdm  Backus,  Dd  Levitt,  Jn  Denton. 

Passengers  of  ship  Samoset,  sailed  March  21st : 

Wm  Coddington,  A  M  Schell,  H  E  Murray,  E  Van  Wart,  B  J  Leg- 
gatt,  B  J  Sniffin,  Dd  Potts,  A  Reynolds,  Horace  Reynolds,  J  D  Arthur, 
Capt  Hall  &  wife,  J  O  Hildreth,  Rev  Mr  Morehouse,  T  G  W  Lyster,  S  T 
Keeling,  Mr  Babcock,  Cornls  Hodgkins,  W  H  Kent,  J  J  Gray,  A  Arnold, 
E  Ely,  C  J  Richards,  J  J  Hornblow,  R  J  Dunn,  D  Hollister,  Rbt  Buck- 
ingham, J  H  Kimble,  Jas  Mowbray,  Mr  Hyberg,  E  Luddington,  P  S 
Wooden,  W  H  Brown,  J  Williams,  Amos  Pettis,  Ely  King,  H  Spence,  L 
King,  Theo  Needham,  Erasts  Doane,  D  Burns,  J  W  Knapp,  D  McCaf- 
fray,  Mr.  Wilson,  Mr  Milligan,  C  P  Russ,  F  A  Sevier,  M  Beauclark,  W 
S  Stone,  O  H  Steadman,  "W  H  Henderson,  G  W  Lawrence,  Dd  Dewitt, 
D  L  Earle,  Jas  Youle,  G  W  Porter,  G  Tice,  Phlp  Blass,  DanI  Stoper,  E 
Crar}\  A  Blosson,  D  D  Bonner,  J  Nickerson,  D  Brown,  G  Brown,  L  H 
Crank,  J  C  Kennady,  Rt  McKenzie,  Dd  Storm,  G  Sweet,  Isaac  Cornell, 
L  Dennis,  A  L  Brown,  A  Eldred,  G  A  Philip  wife  and  2  children,  R  M 
Johnson,  Wm  Gates,  J  Ten  Eyck,  W  H  Chase,  A  D  North,  H  Becker, 
R  B  Wright,  T  Peterson,  C  D  Pease,  J  A  Thomas,  J  K  Garritson,  J 
Demarest,  W  Kinney,  B  Beaton,  R  Kirk,  E  F  Robinson.  G  Lambert,  D 
Lambert,  W  N  Smith,  A  B  Alverson,  W  P  Burditch,  H  N  Graves,  A 
Graves,  S  Bailey,  J  Deitze,  W  Gardner,  Chas  Rice,  G  Sharp,  J  W  Brit- 
ton,  N  McLoughlin,  A  McLoughlin,  C  Moe,  O  Wood,  A  McNamee,  Dr 
E  Conover,  C  Conover,  E  Bell,  D  Cooper,  R  R  Lloyd,  T  Billslmd,  S  B 
Sherwood,  A  P  Russell,  Mr  Buchannan,  S  H    Brockwav,  E  Simonson, 


422  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

J  C  Bennett,  W  Stark,  C  S  Kissam,  S  B  Wood,  D  S  Merrill,  Jn  Doug- 
lass, J  P  Brandt,  C  M  Van  Schaick,  J  B  Wolf,  J  Olmstead,  A  Chamber- 
lain, E  Heldreth,  A  Petrie,  C  &  A  S  Farille,  C  H  Randall,  E  Brown,  J  S 
&  J  H  Irins,  S  Leaycraft,  J  B  Counter,  J  F  Lambden,  Wm  Marshall, 
Dd  Passman,  Wm  Anderson,  E  M  Young,  Jn  Kempton,  Alfred  Law, 
Wm  Muir,  G  W  Williams,  W  H  Ludlow,  H  Leggatt. 

Passengers  by  steamer  Crescent  City  sailed,  May  15th  : 
Mrs  Col  Fremont  &  Child,  Col  G  W  Hughes,  Mr  Jacobs,  S  C  Gray  & 
wife,  Jos  Bell  &  wife,  H  S  Gushing,  Rev  T  Seldines,  H  A  Whitney,  C  H 
Potter.  J  R  Dow,  J  H  Chittenden,  M  Loughnane,  H  I  Richmond,  D  D 
Hammond,  E  Taggart,  A  W  Frick,  Francis  Arent,  A  Winantz,  E  M 
Howison,  G  Ferguson,  J  H  Dall,  C  Williams,H  N  Dillion,  T  A  Warboss, 
Jas  Gordon,  Jos  L  Beemer,  W  H  Simpson,  D  J  Goshine,  T  S  Brewster, 
Edgar  Camp,  C  J  Rockwell,  H  Hutchinson,  Nichls  Rector,  N  Wood- 
ward, C  D  Gibbs,  D  Diderer,  T  S  Thompson,  L  M  Thompson,  J  C  Ried- 
man,  E  W  Hopkins,  R  C  Bosworth,  F  W  Hopkins,  Theo  Mills,  M  Smith, 
E  Barry,  A  Smith,  J  Sullivan,  D  T  &  W  W  Trimbly,  C  H  Mcintosh, 
D  J  Adams,  G  Hawley,  J  Dillon,  Jn  Clark,  Wm  Johnson,  J  G  Carpenter, 
W  H  Chandler,  D  T  Giffith,  T  Burns,  C  Collins,  Julius  Smith,  S  W  Hast- 
ings, E  Tuttle,  H  S  Chapman,  G  Copeland,  Mr  Ford,  JLampier,  P  R  W 
Prime,  J  Sullivan,  S  Wallis,  S  P  Carmichael,  O  Santil,  J  G  Dow,  M  M 
Burtill,  T  H  JefTerson,  D  Hubbell,  W  Wood,  Isaac  Foote,  P  Rector, 
Thos  Dix,  L  B  Raymond,  A  Whitney,  B  P  Hutchinson,  Jn  Harris,  E  G 
Waite,  S  Chute,  S  A  Hartness,  J  Pope,  D  Hay,  A  Campbell,  W  Case, 
J  H  Williams,  J  Haggart,  T  T  Rice,  Abm  Wiley,  R  G  Burrill,  N  Comer, 
Mr  Pendleton,  J  McCall,  L  J  Studley,  W  H  Holden,  J  Scott,  G  Hulem, 
M  Thompson,  R  R  Starr,  J  M  Richardson,  W  W  Upham,  R  Quick, 
W  Wilson,  Jas  Beel,  Dr  Payne,  L  Westfall,  C  H  Westfall,  Mr  Austin. 
M  H  Lincoln,  Edgar  Smith,  R'Walker,  Wm  Russ,  T  B  Taylor,  J  Bart- 
lett,  G  R  Barbour,  J  W  Goster,  M  D  Mapes,  C  Weber,  L  Proper,  W  S 
Gibson,  S  T  Walker,  B  Billings.  J  Wells,  H  S  Wolverton,  J  C  McGovern, 
F  W  Collins,  H  S  Putney,  M  B  Clark,  W  L  Kemp,  H  E  Tooker,  J  Swift, 
P  A  Whitmore,  S  Jones,  F  Ballard,  J  Merrihew,  E  L  Winslow,  B  W 
Clark.  J  C  Lawrence,  A  Cornish,  H  Taylor,  S  Davis,  J  T  Mulholland, 
F  B  Hitchcock,  W  H  Allen,  A  W  Geer,  C  J  Watkins,  C  Adams,  W  Hodg- 
kins,  N  G  Field,  J  Bass,  W  M  Shearer,  W  Colburn,  P  Shaw,  M  Cran- 
nils.  G  Geer,  B  Ishain,  F  E  Westbrook,  M  Callahan,  T  Irvine,  A  Ham- 
mond, EC  Joslin,  J  Allen,  C  P  Huntington,  E  R  Sabine,  L  Chamber- 
lain, G  M  Murray,  C  Carpenter,  D  Parkhurst,  S  Dunnells,  C  Fuller, 
S  Shufelt,  J  Miller,  J  Cornell,  H  R  Robins,  S  L  Hays,  F  Allerton, 
C  Chapman,  W  Ramsdell,  A  Cook,  W  Sutherland,  L  Alden,  C  Blutsell, 
F  Noble,  H  Taylor,  C  Vanderburg,  J  R  Morrell,  F  S  Boyd,  W  R  Sutton, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  423 

T  N  Wilcox,  W  B  White,  II  Tidman,  S  Swart,  R  B  Archer,  J  F  Randall, 
T  Kinna,  J  Gridley  jr,  W  H  Thomas,  Ira  Hotchkiss,  J  Mollony,  J  Luf- 
kin,  S  McClun,  W  H  Shcpperd.  G  &  A  Hale,  C  H  Worden,  J  Hanford, 
LCDrummond,  M  Barkalou,  C  W  Latonville,  D  Mack,  T  Andrews, 
D  H  Ferguson,  R  Patrick,  H  Ashley,  J  E  Stearns,  R  Jones,  W  Trout, 
W  Trout  jr,  B  Jones,  J  Fizin,  J  W  Jordan,  W  Barner,  M  Spoor,  F  L 
Foot,  H  A  Barnes,  C  W  Paul,  J  R  Lanfair,  H  R  Blair,  D  W  Cud,  J  Malby, 
S  Gaze,  J  Colby,  W  H  Bennett  &  son,  L  Cross,  B  Hunt,  J  Simson, 
N  Coffrey,  J  S  Beckwith,  J  S  Hopper,  S  Flinn,  R  Rees,  M  D  Fairchild, 
W  H  McKinster,  J  Runyon,  D  A  Runyon,  A  Hosmer,  M  Culver, 
D  Fairchild,  M  S  Norton,  S  Thornton,  E  C  Spooner,  T  A  Skinner, 
A  E  Hutchinson,  J  Kittredge,  O  Crooker,  W  Metcalf,  J  P  Gruley, 
C  De  Gram,  W  Bercham,  W  E  Lewis,  H  Miron,  A  Broman,  A 
Mattier,  L  M  Mattier,  H  C  Gardner,  W  K  Morris,  Jno  Galvin,  J  Boyle, 
G  H  T  Cole,  T  F  Hiscox,  J  Bullock,  D  Hammond,  C  R  Sanders,  H  M 
Robinson,  S  W  Preble,  J  A  Throckmorton,  S  Patton,  L  B  Gilhey,  W  E 
Lewis. 

Passengers  by  bark  Linda,  sailed  March  %4th  : 

H  Prendegast,  A  P  Kennan,  Jas  W  and  J  L  Wight,  Alex  Strong,  L 
Cunningham,  H  C  Alcock,  H  T  Keily,  C  B  Lupton,  G  C  Coleman,  H  M 
Smith,  Wm  Sharp,  Fdk  Roux,  B  Corse,  W  L  Courses,  G  P  Labatut,  N 
Fiot,  Hermn  Dessoir,  A  G  Elleau,  Wm  Tate,  W  R  Sharp,  J  Q  Moore,  E 
F  Boyce,  A  Picolet,  Dan  Braly,  H  J  Williams,  J  L  Roof,  T  E  Hube/,  C 
S  Cavenagh,  C  Dibbs,  F  Jones,  J  R  Morris,  W  L  Ryckman,  C  Stagg,  T 
T  Tompkins,  Justin  Gates,  jr,  J  W  Remington,  Mark  Brumager,  Dr 
Rice,  Geo  Grant,  Josha  Reed,  Wm  L  Dibbs,  C  H  Christianson. 

Members  of  a  mining  company  from  New  York,  February  10th, 
overland  : 

Dr  Jn  Conger,  J  W  Thompson,  H  G  Langley,  Woolsy  Teller,  Dd 
Hoyt.  W  B  Grant,  Hy  Vandeveer,  J  S  West,  Wm  Fawcett,  E  F  Lasak,  J 
Brinckerhoff,  A  S  Miller,  W  T  Coleman,  J  J  Lott,  T  Parsons,  C  H  Van 
Wyck,  C  B  Tappen,  H  S  Cohn,  G  F  SnifTen,  F  A  Hoyt,  G  K  Pattison, 
B  L  Noe,  y  H  McDonald,  C  W  Ehrenstroem,  J  G  Billing,  Wm  Wear,  Ed 
Norton,  E  E  Miles,  Tilly  Allen,  F  W  Gorsegner,  J  G  Garelly,  J  F  Ran- 
dolph, G  H  Andrews,  C  S  Schenck. 

Passengers  in  the  Bark  Rising  Sun,  April  2d: 

Capt  Hooper,  J  Bouton,  Hy  Ganahl,  J  Sterrett  Barr,  W  W  Valk, 
M  D  Flushing,  E  W  Valk,  J  F  Lohse,  H  P  Osborn,  C  G  Noble,  J  R 
Ketchum,  J  T  G  Heath,  Dan  Bouton,  Joel  Hoyt,  Sol  Scott,  Ed  Pierce, 
S  Streeter,  C  E  Bush,  Andw  Morrison,  Chas  Warner,  J  G  Farrer,  Wm 
Odell,    Jn    Dessar,  E  B  Crocker,  H  N  Rogers,  C  W  H  Smith,  G  W 


424  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Fisher,  G  G  Arnold.  J  L  Bayner,  E  H  Perry,  S  M  Baldwin,  H  A 
Bush,  A  A  Finney,  F  A  Sampson,  P  Brinkerhoff,  E  R  Coit,  K  Gara- 
brant,  W  Rundlc'j  G  Lum,  W  E  Hughson,  Rd  Hollett,  Bench  Wat- 
son, Joe  Glosson,  J  A  Van  Houten,  Jas  O'Neal,  Josiah  Davis,  S  B 
Clark,  N  Mathie,  Chas  Thompson,  J  McKenzie,  T  W  Latham,  F  A 
Thompson,  A  D  W  Sampson,  C  C  Gill,  H  S  Fuller,  T  Fuller,  Jas 
Keely.  J  P  Taylor.  W  II  Haynes,  I  &  N  Brant,  W  B  Durant,  Br  Smith, 
Wm  Drayton,  W  C  Smith,  J  A  Lawrence,  \Vm  Ashley,  J  P  Schantz,  M 
F  Barber,  W  C  Taylor,  R  M  French,  C  F  Gunsi,  Pat  Caragan,  Hy  Claw- 
son,  S  T  Smith,  R  N  Loveland,  R  Viall,  Francis  White,  J  P  Latham,  C 
H  Morse. 

Passengers  of  Bark  Plymouth  from  New  York,  March  2gth: 

S  J  Clarke,  jr,  B  Kimberly,  Elisha  Smith,  Jn  Francis,  E  W  Cott,  W  J 
Watson,  T  J  Goodhall,  V  D  Cornish,  R  Wilson,  B  F  Moulton,  G  Mc- 
Gage,  W  A  Kimberly,  Wm  Wells,  J  Prior,  G  W  HoUister,  Gilbt  Skin- 
ner, Chas  Underwood,  D  G  Berry,  J  H  Thomas,  S  W  Carpenter,  W  B 
Nash,  J  O  Cowles,  G  D  French,  Chas  Baldwin,  C  Dilliber,  Marcus  Up- 
son, A  Dean,  W  H  Johnson,  J  C  Smith,  E  B  Richard,  C  S  Waters,  H  C 
Waters,  Luke  'Watson,  C  E  Osborn,  R  E  Langdon,  B  C  Jackson, 
Chas  &  Eras  Clark,  Chas  Tibbats,  H  S  Graves,  J  C  Orcutt,  J  B 
Blakeslee,  E  S  Ruggles,  D  B  Curtis,  G  B  Curtis,  F  W  Bird,  Geo  Wat- 
son, S  M  Potter,  A  B  Graves,  A  Valez,  J  B  Cranchild. 

Passengers  by  Steamer  Northerner,  Feb.  2d  : 

Ed  &  Judson  Piatt,  Fdk  Hamlin,  R  Brown,  C  Talcott,  Wm  Barnes. 
S  Broadhead,  G  S  McQuigg,  Geo  Snell,  G  W  Lamb,  W  Bottomley,  J  Q 
Adams,  G  E  Chapin,  Saml  Stone,  R  B  Folger,  OB  Jennings,  J  K  Glen. 
C  E  Gorham,  S  O  Downcs,  GTS  Curtis,  J  S  Clarke,  S  Mayo  jr,  S  T 
Field,  G  B  Upham,  C  A  Upham,  R  H  Davis,  J  B  Pratt,  C  W  Hayden, 
C  J  Abidge,  Lieut  Whipple,  Sml  Benton,  Geo  Werner,  S  T  Williams,  H 
Edwards,  E  Moneni,  W  H  Crouise,  J  Clark,  W  A  Jackson,  J  Nooneyjr, 
Major  Emery,  Dr  Maguire  &  wife,  P  A  Brinsmade,  M  Calkin,  P  H  Cowen, 
C  S  Egcnbroot,  T  Vandervoort,  C  C  Richmond,  Jn  Johnson,  T  H 
Davis,  RTrussell,  D  O  Mills,  H  R  DeWitt,  R  J  Stevens,  S  W  Hollady, 
H  C  Smith,  B  Sheldon,  B  W  Mudge.  P  Karley,  P  Craghan,  Capt 
Marecha,  J  W  Smith,  J  B  Gates,  L  Whitney,  I  J  Landerer,  S  P  Frost, 
T  O  Smith,  Thos  Lyle,  B  F  Hoxic,  A  Cleavcland,  G  Weisler,  J  Weisler, 
C  C  Randall,  R  D  Allen,  J  P  Hotchkiss,  Calvm  Park,  John  Sharp,  Wm 
Danforth,  S  E  Bell,  F  S  Wcnsinger,  W  Evans,  Geo  Van,  Dd  VanCott, 
Jn  Pulver,  Dan  Cronin,  Wm  Budd,  W  T  Pinney,  G  R  Dune,  Jas  Whar- 
tenby,  Mr  Mcllvaine,  J  F  Boynton,  Mdn  Torrey,  J  M  Savage,  Gilbert 
Murdock,  W  D  Miller.  B  Fenner,  Cornels  Schermerhorn,  FrcsStratton, 
Wm  McLendon,  H  Forsyth,   G  H    Devoe,  Z  Wheeler,  G  W  Foster,  H 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  425 

Thompson,  Jas  Kinney,  H  Malchett,  Thos  Crane,  W  D  Blanchard,  J  G 
Bell,  H  D  Fry,  W  M  White,  G  A  Hudson,  D  Okeson,  C  Borcherling  jr, 
A  C  VoUotin,  J  J  Ackersen,  Jn  Allen,  J  Kerfoot,  J  Knecht,  G  M  Bond, 
H  Chelson,  W  B  Beesow,  H  Lambert,  F  F  Low,  E  G  Hall,  J  M  Smith, 
Leander  Smith,  B  D  Burt,  Jerome  Keyes,  N  G  Daniels,  A  Hiscox,  S 
Westerfield,  J  H  Keyes,  Hbd  Hunt,  R  Atherton,  N  Holland,  Jn  Smith, 
Alez  Fraser,  J  Rankin,  R  Warren,  J  H  Libby,  D  M  R  Tewksbury,  J  B 
Porier,  B  S  Phelps,  M  Thompson,  S  Birdsall,  W  W  Peck,  D  C  Powers, 
T  C  Ledyard,  M  Cassidy,  J  Sargeant. 

Passengers  of  Schooner  Gen.  Morgan,  Feb.  22d  : 
E  R  Hanks.  Capt  Falkenburgh,  H  Kellogg,  D  Sage,  W  H  Crowell, 
A  Dyman,  G  L  Pease,  Dr.  A  Kellogg,  J  Burr,  W  H  Gary,  Mr  Tracy, 
G  W  Hayden,  E  Crowell,  T  S  Parker,  J  Francis,  Mr  Robbins,  W  H 
Eakins,  M  Stannard,  H  Davis,  I  Stanley,  W  Cobin,  S  W  Bishop,  E  L 
Pond,  W  Rogers,  S  Rogers. 

Passengers  of  Ship  J  G  Costar  from  New  York,  Feb.  21st : 

Wm  Floyd,  R  R  Nelson,  H  H  Nelson,  Abm  Vanderpool,  A  A  Aikin, 
Wm  Bush,  J  Talmage,  Dr  B  B  Coit,  G  D  Sharp,  Hy  Wright,  L  A  Thorn, 
J  Flintoff,  C  W  Tucker,  Thos  Carpenter,  T  Hidelir.  Jhn  Carr,  P  Mc- 
Kinna,  W  W  Savage,  W  Kelly,  G  P  Down,  W  J  Kelly,  Hy  Drufe,  G 
H  Estyle,  Mark  Corby,  B  Cohen,  John  Otten,  Hy  Thompson, 
C  Domiticus,  P  P  Manville,  P  B  Beebe,  Jn  Standish,  J  F  Valentine,  D 
Ranchenburgh,  I  Wahn,  C  Kahn,  Frank  Snell,  Dan  Mott,  T  Brand,  J 
Connor,  Rbt  Evans,  Jas  Frazer,  J  B  McAdam,  H  J  Davis,  Ed  Osgood,  R 
WTone,  S  B  Hart,  J  Gaffney.  B  Hart.  E  D  Judah,  Hy  Robinson,  Harris 
Goldner,  W  A  Booker,  C  F  Steele,  Andw  Jelly,  J  R  Hutchinson,  G  Rent. 
J  C  Johnson,  J  V  Mulvany,  Abner  Barton,  J  Whelan,  Dan  Jones,  J 
Castelli,  Lyman  Nutting,  M  R  Shannon,  E  Gaylord,  DCS  Johnson,  J 
R  Wightman.  C  C  Teflft,  Dan  Marble,  G  Williams,  Ed  Blake,  R  Hughes, 
N  H  Bates,  H  C  Henry,  T  J  Newland,  S  A  Rendall.  S  T  Harris,  F  Doo- 
little,  G  A  Clarke,  J  O  Wilkinson,  A  B  Rogers,  W  Blake,  C  Rose,  N 
Wrix,  G  C  Fisher,  M  S  Thraesher,  R  W  Lacy,  J  M  Gilleland,  Jas  Myres, 
J  H  Pendleton. 

Passengers  by  Bark  Vernon  from  New  York,  March  2d  : 

Mrs  John  McKay  &  Son,  J  M  Blackburn,  Wm  Bessy,  G  C  Robinson, 
A  S  Church,  Alex  McKim. 

Passengers  Schooner  Peerless  from  New  York,  March  3d  : 

E  L  Curtiss,  H  H  Buchannan,  C  F  Vantwerp,  OCT  Stokes,  N  R 
Blany,  Jn  Chapman,  P  Doliber,  J  W  Glover,  Benj  Wormstead,  R  S 
Snow,  A  Cragin,  Wm  Thorner,   Russel   Heath,  N   J    Shepardson,  E  K 


426  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORXIA. 

Baxter,  L  B  Brooks,  E  T  Brooks,  J  B  Christy,  Wm  Hobbs,  S  N  Nichols, 
Jas  Cristy,  W  D  Ross.  Levi,  Parsons,  L  D  Guesday  &  wife,  J  M  Cough- 
lin,  P  B  Amery,  J  A  Breges,  S  H  Rowan. 

Passengers  of  Brig  Isabella  Reed  from  New  York,  Feb.  23d  : 
C  T  Hopkins,  Geo  Pfotzer,  S  \V  Newhall,  SI  Harrison,  Jas  Hilley, 
Theo  Magary,  Ira  Markwith,  Jos  Solano,  Jn  Leary,  H  Ganz,  W  J  Pol- 
lock, J  H  Woodbury,  J  N  Meeker,  S  Arbuthnot,  I  L  Van  Orden.  T 
McCutcheon,  H  H  Watson,  J  V  Mount,  M  Whipple,  J  W  Scott,  C 
Else,  C  H  Innis,  W  H  Warren,  Dd  Lewis,  F  C  Whitehead,  Chas 
Ketchum,  T  H  Fowler,  S  Ross,  J  G  Beaudriean,  H  W  Nelson,  Hy  Baker, 
D  F  Lesher,  H  Winchester,  PA  ^lartel,  L  McGuire,  VV  J  Dunn,  N  Em- 
mons, Dr  Trotter,  A'Hibbard.  G  Scarlett,  J  Dennis,  M  McKay,  F  Truere, 
Nathan  Lansberger,  Andrew  Lamery,  Wm  Scott. 

Passengers  of  Ship  Sarah  and  Eliza  from  New  York,  Feb.  14: 

F  C  Russell,  J  C  Hackett,  Wm  Nible,  E  F  Post,  S  W  Moore,  E  Floyd 
&  Robt  Jones,  D  Y  Jones,  F  A  Gifford,  &  wife,  J  S  Hutchinson,  ^  B  At- 
kinson, Wm  Jenkins,  J  D  Golding,  Chas  Vail,  J  D  Blakely,  Geo  Talbot, 
Wm  Bishop,  Hy  Webb,  Wm  Travis,  B  T  Hanford,  Dr  J  E  Morris, 
A  Chichester,  I  Hoose,  L  F  Harris,  M  W  Personett,  Sigmond  Simon, 
J  Bishop,  H  C  Brown,  H  Y  Luddington,  Chas  &  J  C  Luddington,  Chas 
Lockwood,  G  W  Udell,  Mr  Ellis,  Rd  Finney,  Mr  Hicks,  T  P  Clonk, 
Perry  Miner,  P  Saxton. 

Passengers  of  Brig  Sarah  from  New  York,  February  14th: 
—  Colburn  —  Halton,  B  B  Bliven,  M  G  Preston,  B  Egleston,  L  Lawyer, 
— McCowan,  E  Miller,  R  R  Kinney,  A  G  L  Tompkins,  Mr  Johnson,  TS 
Manley,  W  B  Brown,  P  Hunt,  S  M  Miller,  G  Howell,  Toner  &  Chase, 
T  A  Wilson  and  Son,  Mr  Chase,  V  Rendry,  J  H  Gibson,  T  H  Smith, 
A  G  Grant,  C  Glassford,  Capt  Johnson,  S  Smith  Russell,  O  F  Sexton, 
J  J  Underbill,  J  W  Myrick,  W  F  Capron,  J  Gallup,  L  Bashford,  C  A 
Young,  J  McKinney,  A  Taylor,  Wm  Cubit,  F  Springstead,  S  M  Gilles- 
pie, J  French,  J  Coles,  G  Blair,  P  Struter,  C  Nichols,  T  Brown,  J  A 
Wright,  L  B  Vanderburg,  A  Garin,  L  Gannett,  R  Johnson,  A  R  Davis, 
A  Aurand,  Mr  Hunt. 

Passengers  of  Schooner  John  A.  Sutter  from  New  York,  May  6th: 
Capt  Eddy,  J  JoUs  E  P  Phinney,  J  M  Page.  C  A  Andrews,  Ed  Wil- 
liams, H  T  Goff,  J  E  Bowen,  E  O  Child,  J  C  Child,  Jos  Gardner,  B  G 
Kelly,  Isaac  Lindsey,  T  K  Phinney,  S  F  Randall,  Philip  Randall,  J  H 
Gladding,  Jos  Munroe,  J  T  Adams,  A  H  Champlin,  T  F  Potter,  A  M 
Johnson,  B  M  Simmons,  A  L  Shaw,  A  Pitts,  Jere  Goff. 

Passengers  of  Schooner  Splendid  from  New  York,  May  loth: 

C  C  Dougherty,  W  S  Marsh,   R  Norwood,  J  W  Marsh,  J   Strong, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  427 

J  Bennett,  M  Gibbs,  Wm  Norwood  jr,  Ely  Peck,  E  Hart,  D  T  Newton, 
G  H  Sadenger,  J  Shoemaker,  J  Enslow,  S  F  Torrey,  T  S  Kenton,  J  E 
Marsh,  H  Benedict,  Mr  York,  E  and  J  Gridley,  W  B  Srnetzer,  Silas 
Storer,  H  Acorn,  C  S  Chadwick, 

Passengers  of  Schooner  James  L.  Day  from  New  York,  March  3d: 

J  Van  Pelt,  J  S  Nash,  T  W  Badger,  Hesk  Hinsdale,  Lucius  Lincoln, 
Eneas  Morgan,  Rbt  Keller,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt.  West  Banta,  Dan 
Salters,  J  W  Carter,  Jas  Fallen,  C  W  Sitan,  L  Berd,  J  S  Anderson,  Thos 
Hazard,  G  W  Ledyard,  Hy  Robinson,  Wm  Bailey,  Wm  Clark,  Felix 
Byrne,  Dan  Secor,  H  Lester,  J  H  Nash,  Wm  Hedge. 

Passengers  of  ship  Loo  Choo  from  New  York,.  May  8th  : 
B  F  Whitman,  E  Bacon,  E  Simmons,  J  G  Bunker,  F  M  Mason,  Jn 
Tothill,  Wm  Desendorf,  A  T  Story,  A  Bell,  M  S  Rickerson,  Jas  Pierson, 
R  V  Groat,  A  H  Titcomb,  Jas  Field,  W  T  Birdsall,  C  H  Birdsall,  C  H 
Henkalman,  Jn  Perry,  Mr  Fish,  Mr  Hubbard,  H  Hutchinson,  A  Farman, 
Rubn  Wick,  D  O  Martin,  G  Siperling,  W  H  Lum,  Rbt  Deiding,  E  T 
Hosmer,  D  T  Blackwood,  T  E  Jefferies,  Thos  Roland,  R  T  Briggs,  R 
Van  Wirt,  Jas  Stacey,  A  A  Selover,  J  T  Cruikshanks,  C  H  Haines.  M 
Somers,  T  A  Bell,  Wm  McTamney,  Thos  Summers,  R  M  Field,  Jas 
Field,  Wm  Wadsworth,  Geo  Whyler,  N  H  Johnson,  F  A  Caravin,  A 
Bloomingdale,  Levi  Goodrich,  C  Coyl,  J  G  Spaulding,  J  A  White,  J  G 
Thurber,  D  K  Chaffee,  Thos  Harris,  Wm  Pole,  R  Burdict,  S  M  Higgins, 
G  W  Chandler,  Abrm  Baker,  J  P  Curtis,  Jas  Tompkins,  G  W  Tompkins, 
J  B  Gilman,  C  R  Horton,  S  V  R  Hill,  E  W  Cary,  F  McMartin,  J  Tracy, 
A  Wheeler,  P  C  Warner,  T  Mahon,  H  Cornish,  E  Briggs,  P  L  Clar,  Wm 
House,  F  Knickerbocker,  Horace  Winchell,  E  F  Jaque,  R  J  Burnes, 
Morgan  Bates,  J  H  Robertson,  R  S  Robertson  &  Son,  Geo  Clayton,  J  F 
Worth,  Lewis  Wells.  C  Stevens,  Rbt  Coleman,  H  C  Green,  W  A  Wid- 
man,  Wm  Mitchell,  J  Smith,  R  Patchem,  A  Wood,  G  W  Swayne,  J  O 
Williams,  J  Moore,  Jn  Carroll,  H  C  Day,  J  M  Ainslie,  Jn  Pfoor,  Andw 
Himmelmann,  Jn  Moran,  A  C  Armstrong,  Dr  W  J  Radcliffe,  C  A  John- 
son, A  M  Nash,  A  Yates,  Jas  Gordon,  J  A  Conklin,  Jn  Randall,  S  Van 
Nest,  Geo  Archer,  E  R  Wright,  Wm  Ross,  B  F  Whitman,  R  G  Berford, 
J  E  Braxton,  H  A  Bicknell,  A  Fallon,  G  Dolan,  Chas  Abel,  Peter  Tower, 
C  S  Wood,  Rbt  Graham,  W  H  Strong,  G  V  Pope,  Jn  O  Hern,  Wm 
Hagany.  Dd  Ely,  F  Mathren,  M  Jergot,  Wm  Jones,  G  Portlock,  Capt  R 
Wagstaff,  Ed  Dessendorff,  Jn  McMartin. 

Passengers  of  bark  Palmetto  from  New  York,  March  8th  : 

Wm  G  Wood,  T  McSpedon,  W  B  Maxon,  W  H  Brown,  Jn  Dent, 
Jacob  Deilh,  W  H  Bogert,  A  B  Hatfield,  Langdon  Wilson,  F  VLee.Wm 
Mughr,  Alex  Bryan,  W  A  Meed,  Wm   Simpson,  W  M    Burkhead,  H  L 


428  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 

King,  J  M  Wood,  Jn  Callaghan,  J  Suyday,  Ebenzr  Wood,  J  P  Bell,  W  M 
Everett,  J  M  Schenck,  E  O  Pugsley,  E  T  Pugsley,  W  McClelland,  Jn 
McCracken,  A  O  Day,  G  Feld,  W  Weatherby,  Peter  Fitzgerald,  Dennis 
0\Meara,  G  R  Underhill,  A  U  Brower,  Jn  B  Wainwright,  C  A  Rogers, 
C  B  Germond,  C  M  Cornell,  J  D  Moyes,  M  D  Pettibone,  Chas  Perry,  Dr 
L  Hubbard. 

Passengers  in  brig  Leveret,  sailed  March  26th  : 

J  H  Pratt,  R  H  Way,  Levi  Merriam,  B  C  Eastman,  R  H  Paddock, 
R  S  Gladwin,  T  O  Gladwin.  Lucius  Smith,  I  11  Smith,  Sylvester  Wil- 
liams, Joel  Stevens,  W  F  Robbins,  Wm  Covell,  Van  Rsln  Raymond, 
Lelah  Lewis,  J  S  Augur,  B  T  Jones.  J  W  Whitney,  N  D  Goodell,  S  Lam- 
butin,  E  D  Alem,  E  Sherman.  H  H  Shumway,  S  C  Smith,  N  Berton,  B 
Cunningham,  J  Greenworth,  C  H  Shumway,  S  S  Warner,  A  B  Wheeler, 
J  W  Moody,  S  B  Kinton,  Urih  Davis,  J  H  Banta,  S  Gubrus,  Wm  Ripley, 
M  H  Poole,  Frank  Poole,  Cyrus  Poole,  P  J  Bigelow,  I  W  Heard,  E  J 
Davis,  Mr  CuK-er,  L  F  Chubbuck,  Austin  Wing,  Hy  Wilson,  Jn  Hunt,  L 
D  Lewis,  Albt  Grant,  D  D  Davis,  }as  M  Mandeville,  Wm  Johnson,  J  L 
Hamilton,  J  W  Hewson,  G  M  Chambers.  A  J  Worth,  D  P  Worth,  C  E 
Case,  Mr  Hubbell,  J  C  Dicks,  Theo  Clarkson. 

Passengers  of  Steamer  Falcon  from  New  York,  March  8th: 
R  T  England,  P  Smith,  E  M  Perry,  J  G  Miller,  C  M.Gray,  Wm  Slipkins, 
Mrs  Newcomb  and  children.  Major  McKinstree,  Parker  Burrill,  Dr  S 
Fletcher,  W  H  Sutton,  Wm  Smith,  Wm  McMurphy,  B  M  Folsom,  G  W 
Plummer,  Dr  Eastman,  W  W  Wallis,  S  C  Childs,  Chas  Clark,  Amos 
Crockett,  Thos  Colson,  }  Ulmer,  Andw  Staples,  Saml  Blaisdell,  T 
T  Tate,  G  Hall,  W  P  Harrington,  jr,  Danl  Crudden,  Dns  Mahony,  E 
Brooks,  D  K  Luther,  Jos  Coombs,  E  W  McKinstree,  C  B  Hazeltine, 
Rbn  Steward,  R  D  Metcalf,  Jno  Fuller,  E  Prescott,  W  Rowell,  G  H 
Davis,  D  L  Hewlett,  Jn  Ellis,  Albt  Wilson,  H  M  Smith,  J  Swartwout, 
C  A  Boorst,  W  H  Richardson,  W  E  Singer,  T  B  Overton,  H  C  Overton, 
C  Bowen,  Hu  Mcllvaine,  G  Mcllvaine,  Alex  O  Liscomb,  W  H  Smith, 
J  C  C  Gilsey,  H  G  Walworth,  M  C  Mery,  J  M  Albright,  C  D  Benjamin, 
H  Lasher,  B  S  Churchill,  R  Bailey,  Ed  Greenwood,  S  M  Judson,  J  K 
White,  SI  Emery,  S  W  Langton,  P  Milburn,  J  S  Trook,  S  H  Shyrock, 
Jn  Taylor,  G  F  Gifford,  Wm  Miller,  EHaight,  Jas  Gourley,  AS  Haskin, 
Wesley  and  Danl  Newcomb,  Jacob  Stone,  J  E  Fuller,  —  Piercy,  Tur- 
ney  Gregory,  J  M  Smith,  Cramer,  Taylor,  Knight,  Tucker,  Torrance, 
Clow,  Eddy,  Bristol,  Comstock,  Herman  Pease,  Jas  Crippin,  Dan  Price, 
Ed  Lewis,  A  N  Vanaltine,  D  Benjamin,  Alva  Hamilton. 

Passengers  of  bark  Jesurun  from  New  York,  February  27th: 

A  H  Champlain,  F  A  Knapp,  Jas  Gibbs,  I  A  Moran,  Rev  Lewis  Man- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  429 

ning,  R  V  Depyster,  Jn  Sloan,  J  E  Morris,  J  Colvin,  I  McBride,  Rbt 
Lewis,  Jas  Hogan,  Jn  Kaler,  C  D  Aikin,  H  N  Speight,  J  S  Deen,  Jas 
Mixters,  C  B  Durand,  Jas  Seimon,  Alex  Reiley,  J  H  Furken,  J  F  Bar- 
stow,  J  A  Rosenlield,  G  F  Lord,  Horace  Deen,  A  S  Peterson,  David 
Myres,  H  B  Perry,  J  L  Wells,  J  Smith,  J  F  Kling,  Chas  Wilkinson, 
Loren  Burke,  Lafayte  Stivers,  C  E  Morris,  Wm  Joyce,  Abram  Brower, 
W  H  Vas  Siclon,  Egbert  Wittrie,  H  Voris,  Stiles  Judson,  J  T  Suydam, 
Egbert  Carey,  Francis  Reid,  J  W  Clark,  W  Higgins,  G  W  Mahan,  J  W 
Bucklin,  H  C  Gale,  Mortmor  and  Alonzo  Jaques,  Chas  Case,  Birdsl 
Cornell,  Jas  Wetmore,  Chas  Ellison,  Melancthn  Palmer. 

Passengers  of  bark  Courier  from  New  York,  March  4th: 
Dr  Simonson,  Dr  H  D  and  E  u  Appleton,  A  H  Pride,  Lorin  Drum- 
mond,  Jereh  Howard, Hy  Mills,  E  M  Vincent,  Mr  Bowman,  R  A  Pardee, 
Chas  Lohse,  Wm  Watson,  Chas  Myers,  J  Kreig,  F  Seibert,  H  Nocht- 
ingal,  E  Ashman,  A  N  Courtney,  C  Wagner,  Adrw  Bornier.  J  Davis,  C  F 
Fisher,  T  G  Brown,  C  Magin,  M  Ledringer,  Thos  Wrighton,  Mrs 
Wrighton,  Mrs  J  CACrmain,  Miss  Germain,  G  Lippe,  O  Robinson,  C  W 
Ryan,  L  evi  Jones,  A  S  Chase,  P  Renantic,  Mr  Bolie,  W  A  Ford,  S  Mit- 
chell, J  C  Clayton,  D  F  McNeal,  Geo  Williams,  Mrs  Gentlivre,  E  H 
Yates.  J  Barrs,  H  Gentlivre,  J  Gentlivre,  Wm  Morton,  Francis  Watts, 
Wm  Cooley,  V  P  Hazard,  P  C  Pinkham,  Rbt  Watson,  H  D  Thompson, 
R  C  Wilson,  Jos  King,  Peter  Barritt,  Wm  Hammond,  Jas  Morris, 
J  Kromberger,  W  B  Gardiner. 

Ship  Tahmawo,  sailed  from  New  York,  Jan.  27th: 

W  H  Talmage,  C  H  Stoutenborough,  L  A  Kline,  J  W  H  Kline,  A  W 
Snyder,  J  W  Brown,  J  G  B  White,  Corns  Lydecker,  G  Corsen,  J  Green, 
Van  W  Walsh,  H  Atwood,  J  E  Libby,  Wm  Hatlield,  Geo  Buttler,  John 
Briscoe,  Henry  Simon,  J  H  Tuttle,  J  E  Porter,  A  C  True,  E  W  True, 
W  L  Dixon,  J  H  Magruder,  A  J  Duvall,  N  Van  Valkenburgh,  E  Van 
Valkenburgh,  Thos  Davis,  H  M  Van  Benschoten,  J  W  Stout,  Wm  Cruser, 
J  S  Van  Dyke,  D  S  Smith,  Walter  P  and  Webster  Thompson,  S  M  Hall, 
P  McKay,  S  P  Johnson,  D  A  Johnson.  H  R  Hawkins,  H  Holmes,  J  H 
Atwater,  Jas  Maccalryn,  G  Snook,  Wm  Snook,  E  Deals,  Thos  Rose,  D 
Molnaur,  Wm  G  Newsen,  O  J  Davis,  Chas  Fernald,  D  A  Pray,  G  C 
Ludington,  Miller  Annm,  J  II  Budam,  Wm  H  Aleln,  D  Rowley,  R  C 
Downes,  G  G  Tyron,  M  Vanderburgh,  E  Hawley,  B  F  Hall,  M.  Hall,  J 
D  Bishop,  T  Dennis,  Chas  B:isset,  H  Lake,  H  L  Dovv^nes,  T  Pray,  E  J 
Lewis,  E  A  Phelps,  Wm  Mitchell,  jr.  C  Hurd,  jr.  D  S  Hunt,  J  M  Foote, 
F  P  McMahon  and  family,  S  F  Eccles,  Ben  Star,  A  J  Phelps,  F  Fiske, 
G  R  Welbridge,  S  Elders,  J  Cruikshank,  J  Brinck,  S  M  Malcolmson,  T 
L  Harris,  Fdk  Webb,  T  Rafferty,  J  Lascombe,  Wm  Devoe,  J  A  Paxton, 
E  L  Woolsey,  E  G  Smith,  W  W  Armfield,  E  A  Hebard,  B  F  Yates,  G 


430  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 

E  Sherwood,  Nat  Purdy,  N  Lester,  A  Ranous,  R  Leslie,  J  A  Love,  P 
Campbell,  J  Perrott,  S  Starking,  W  J  Terver,  A  Kissam,  W  W  Cleave- 
land,  Rd  Rankin,  J  C  Smith,  C  E  Weed,  Jas  Lester,  A  Christian  and 
wife,  S  L  Smith  J  J  Johnson,  M  L  Ring,  Wm  Quinn,  A  Garnin  and 
wife,  Rd  Smith,  Jas  Russiter,  Jas  Kain,  Henry  Wannaker,  H  T  Andrews, 
Rusl  Smith,  Dan  Watson,  Everet  Weisman,  John  Anthos,  P  Haack,  C 
Smith,  A  Kilring,  W  W  Trust,  D  Bowley,  J  C  Faulder,  Wm  Staring, 
Henry  Fink,  R  Robertson,  B  Culver,  D  S  Witherby,  L  Schoting,  T  An- 
derson, G  A  Curtis,  C  L  King,  F  Krager,  J  F  Stewart,  J  L  Cassady,  Thos 
Connell,  S  H  Day,  E  E  D  Stevens,  D  Higby.  Jn  Winterton,  Geo  Hutch- 
inson, John  Nesbit,  Adam  Hagg,  Nicholas  Hubbell,  Geo  Hubbell,  W  P 
Lander,  M  Lefever. 

Passengers  of  Bark  Bogota  from  New  York,   Feb.   2 2d  : 

A  M  &  L  M  Starr,  L  F  Newman,  A  J  Berry,  J  B  Lewis,  H  W  Havens, 
E  F  Huntington,  J  F  Morse,  M  L  Hines,  J  H  Von  Schmidt,  G  L  Starr, 
J  \\  Bramhall,  P  Vosburg,  S  H  Cook,  G  Ferriss,  Wm  Shears,  W  L  Com- 
plin, W  J  Sloan,  C  Underbill,  F  Holcomb,  A  H  Sidell,  T  Holman,  Geo 
Bement,  H  P  Adams,  J  M  Frees,  S  P  Mulford,  P  Burns,  W  Gaston, 
Abrm  Ways,  Jno  Noyes,  Jno  Churchill,  Edgr  Phillips,  Alfred  Church- 
ill, Wm  Amhurst,  Dr  W  Baxter,  R  Tanner  &  Brother,  W  L  Barnes, 
Geo  Bloodgood,  B  Graham. 

Passengers  of  Brig  Abrasia  from  New  York,  Feb.   2 2d  : 

G  W  Barthemen,  Jared  Goodrich,  Isaac  Pierce,  A  J  Norton,  Winston 
Wellington,  E  G  Atkins,  G  W  Drasser,  G  L  Halsey,  A  G  Dodge,  E  D 
Tucker,  John  Fenton,  Jas  Appleton,  S  Appleton,  G  S  &  Jn  Appleton, 
A  W  Frick,  Alfd  Aldrich,  H  D  Hall,  Dr  J  H  &  H  A  Charles,  P  D 
Woodruff,  W  R  Smith,  A  A  Durfee,  Mr  Purdy,  H  Hart,  N  G  Porter, 
Evarts  Granger,  G  W  Halsted,  Walter  Halsted,  Isaac  Kr  Harens,  G  S 
GS  Marks,  Mr  Reynolds. 

Passengers  of  Brig  Brothers  from  New  York,  Feb.  226  : 

E  R  Myers,  D  Cozzens,  W  J  Thompson,  R  A  Thorp,  P  A  Hedley, 
Dr  John  L  Milledolar,  T  B  Patton,  Mr  Rutger,  N  Van  Brunk,  T 
Mooly  jr,  W  CArman,  J  H  Hubbard,  Norman  Smith,  W  H  Lyman,  J 
P  Steele,  C  Naumoaller,  J  Jackmays,  Jas  I  King,  E  S  Pigott,  G  L  Davie, 
J  G  Kelley,  Geo  Westell,  M  Magee,  J  Keepse,  G  Strang. 

Passengers  of  Nautilus  from  New  York,  Feb.  22d  : 

A  Clark,  T  J  Wallace,  J  McCammon,  Stepn  Clark,  W  T  Skinner,  E 
F  Cady,  A  P  Wilbur,  E  A  Cornwall,  S  W  Flardy,  T  Fox,  C  Styles,  J  D 
Mitchell,  A  C  Streeter,  J    S  Holton,  S   C  Birdsall,  A  H    Disabell,  S  C 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  431 

Peck,  E  S  Cheney,  C  H  Walcott,  W  H  Courtwright,  J  Finnegan,  W 
Hosford,  J  Sanford,  C  C  Walter,  J  Cole,  R  Staley,  I  Wallace,  H  Rupers- 
burger,  B  W  Sammons,  E  N  Bennett.  R  Packard,  J  Van  Boskirk,  J  H 
Stevens,  M  A  Marcellus,  H  P  Holmes,  N  J  Van  Vankren,  G  Vibbare, 
E  Pacey,  W  M  Carlovv,  J  G  Wellington,  P  V  Lewis,  A  Abbatt,  A  W 
McNaughton,  C  R  Bromley,  S  S  Sweet,  J  Castleton,  C  Van  Loan,  W  C 
Winne,  E  Gregory,  S  D  N  Bennet,  L  Gray,  M  Van  Booskirk,  H  II  Bar- 
ton, D  E  Jones,  J  S  Lyons  J  L  Pangburn,  C  Reagles,  J  Cooney,  S  T 
Rosecrans,  J  S  Gorham,  W  S  Butler,  J  Noonen,  E  Westinghouse,  E  S 
Barney,  L  Drake,  S  Wells,  C  Van  Rensselaer,  Mr  Mills,  Dr  Clark,  J  W 
Hastings. 

Passengers  by  Schooner  W  B  Travis  from  New  York,  Feb.  13th  : 

J  S  Lake,  Miss  E  G  Wilson,  Hy  Gridle,  G  W  Gray,  G  H  Nash,  C 
Backstet  jr,  J  M  Osborn.  A  W  M  Bevins,  N  H  Bassaid,  W  T  Anderson, 
J  Carroll,  A  Huyler,  H  Wood,  G  Ackley,T  R  &  H  Reeves,  W  H  Larkin, 
J  K  Newell,  J  Harper,  W  H  Smith,  W  C  Gilbert,  J  Hitchcock  jr,  J  H 
Downing,  B  H  Howell,  W  S  Frost,  J  F  Nash,  J  Wallin,  J  J  Boyd,  U 
Revels,  P  &  A  S  Riker,  J  Miner,  J  H  Hinckley,  W  E  Bohm,  J  Everett, 
A  Turner,  C  Clements.  H  M  Higgin,  C  R  Davidson,  G  L  Lincoln,  A  S 
Taylor,  G  Kensett,  J  L  Bennett,  D  Burkhalter,  A  G  Soule,  J  M  Fosse, 
J  A  Hall,  C  F  Caufield.  W  Enles,  H  H  Clark,  W  L  Sumner,  J  R  Piatt, 

Bark  Bonne  Adele,  sailed  from  New  York,  Feb.  2d  : 

Mrs  M  L  Coe,  L  Fries,  F  Froelicher,  M  Beck,  W  Herring,  Jos  Dou- 
court,  Thos  Woods,  W  McMahon,  B  Rutledge,  M  O  Gara,  D  McGone- 
gal,  S  Dudgeon,  W  Willis,  O  Toole  &  Son,  W  E  Copeland,  T  Schmel- 
lenberg,  J  Garejton,  H  A  Jones,  C  Robadee,  H  A  Schoville,  J  T 
Crandall,  Ozzin  Laflin,  G  Brect,  H  D  Harcourt,  P  W  Roff,  S  Island,  E 
Demarest,  C  A  Laughran,  S  Sanders,  R  J  Johnson,  E  Flynn,  Jos 
Walker,  F  German,  H  Maurer,  H  Rogers,  L  Remais,  Mrs  Sinickson, 
C  McCoun,  E  D  Ferris,  Egan  GrifTin,  R  Griffin,  J  Chavenne,  L  Corson, 
Saml  Collins,  John  Dailey,  Jos  Waugh,  H  H  Patton,  R  B  Whiting, 
Levi  Hawley,  Lewis  Barnes,  H  Peysenecker,  A  Jacobs,  G  EUard,  J 
Woodford,  T  McCormack  &  Bro,  J  Reseque,  G  Silenze,  Ed  Sherlock,  P 
McAdam,  H  Boyer,  A  Requere,  J  W  Cassidy,  A  Beck,  J  Van  Pragg,  C 
H  Grant,  Jos  Taffe,  M  Sanger,  C  F  Weagener,  Lewis  Predeger. 

Passengers  of  Brig  Columbia  from  New  York,  Feb.  2d  : 

Wm  Harris,  Rd  Carrique,  R  Carrique  jr,  G  W  Pitcher,  J  B  Stone,  N 
W  Lee,  J  B  Humphries,  John  Randall.  H  B  Hodges.  H  N  Perry,  G  W 
Perry,  J  A  Perry,  T  W  Lefavour,  Natl  Dexter,  SI  Saunders,  A  K  Hill, 
Wm  Rawson,  Enos  Joseph,  Eben  Hamilton,  Wm  Wrigley,  M  M  Draper, 


432  THE  ARGOXA  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Phil  Brady,  J  W  Tillinghast,  Jas  Ashley,  Galen  Pearce,  Jos  Round- 
ville,  P  Lawrence,  W  H  Allen,  A  N  Humphries,  Chas  Danforth,  W 
A  Franklin. 

Passengers  by  Brig  Mary  from  New  York,  Feb.  21st: 
Capt  J  K  Hayes,  G  Gordon  wife  and  child,  J  W  Stillman,  W  C  Lea- 
venworth, A  T  Baquer,  M  H  Jolly,  Dr  J  F  Evans,  G  W  Reid,  J  L  Martin, 
W  H  Thompson,  Edwin  Tyler,  C  T  Blake,  R  S  Baldwin,  H  C  Logan, 
Wm  Wallace,  Wm  Egner,  T  A  Monkhouse,  Hi  Dennis,  S  Jervis,  D  P 
Jervis,  Geo  Soule,  J  D  Mc  Ewan,  Barnett  McKeige,  W  C  Doors  jr,  J  J 
A  Bruce,  C  J  Hawkins,  Geo  Ameridge,  Chas  Steadman,  D  Hunt,  J  H 
Reilly,  J  W  Priestly,  P  Meyer,  A  K  Sauman,  E  T  Keyser,  L  M  Freas, 
C  M  King,  W  L  Young,  A  F  Crittenden,  R  M  Jarden.  M  S  Hawkins, 
W  A  Manpay,  S  L  Prindle,  J  J  Allen,  C  P  Dudley.  W  L  Dudley,  G  Um- 
berfield,  W  J  Powell,  A  Wilcox,  G  B  Hitchcox,  C  B  Porter.  W  Young. 
Jos  Britton,  Thos  Fielding.  Hy  Duncan,  Alfred  Welch,  D  L  Priestly, 
J  W  Brown,  H  P  Doolittle,  W  G  Doolittle,  Rd  Gormon,  D  W  Harden- 
burg,  W  F  Dennison,  W  NPowers,  G  F  Perry,  A  N  Stratton,  John  Dale, 
GW  Rogers,  Pat  O'Byre,  H  E  Greene,  C  L  Drury,  Dr  J  C  Donneghe, 
C  A  Potter,  F  E  Potter,  Bd  Fowler,  Levi  Gilbert,  D  B  Schofield,  C  L 
Taylor,  J  N  Cardoza,  H  H  Philips,  Berds  Haight,  E  Dudgeon,  J  L 
Martin,  C  F  Snyder,  L  Copperthwaite,  Dr  J  V  Newman,  C  B  Pellett, 
P  M  Van  Riper,  G  M  Gibson,  Ezra  Dorr,  F  P  Smith,  H  H  Hall,  J  S 
Harrison,  Geo  Beecher,  J  Doughton,  G  W  Stillwell,  J  Stewart,  W  C 
Stebbins,  Wm  Sherman,  Wm  Bownson,  Aug  Fisher,  Frank  Bitting, 
D  Turnbull,  Chas  Deene,  A  W  Halse,J  M  Sterret,  Geo  Adams,  J  Smithey, 
J  E  Priesh,  S  S  Wood,  Dr  Tocker,  D  Seymour,  Elisha  Nichols,  W  H 
Farnham,  C  H  Hayes. 

Steamer  Hartford  from  New  York,  Feb.  20th  : 

Rev  W  May,  Dr  J  King,  P  T  Phelps,  H  W  Wright.  J  Wallace,  S  M 
Benton,  Mr  Nodine,  Mr  Yerks,  T  A  Birge,  P  Carrigan,  C  Randall,  J  H 
Gayen,  Wm  Potter.  C  F  Russell,  Jos  Weed.  H  Camp,  E  S  B  Briggs,  M 
Carrigan,  J  Flinn,  A  B  Hudson,  James  Huntington,  A  A  Nicholson,  M 
McFarland,  E  Bradford,  R  Malony,  Dr  Cleaveland,  E  Hough,  J  D  Skin- 
ner, C  Jones,  E  Murther,  Benj  Dart,  F  Corning,  Geo  Pliss,  J  B  Chap- 
man, Justn  Hodge,  Sam  Kipp,  Thos  Andrews,  W  A  Roberts.  J  B  Low,  J 
G  Wolvin,  H  Kraft,  —  Taylor,  C  H  Morgan,  Capt  Corsen,  Wm  Dobson, 
W  J  Ilolkins,  Elias  Snow,  Wm  Rogers,  Tim  Billings,  L  Van  Orden,  J 
Kelly,  jr,  J  Hebrem,  Mr  Winters. 

Passengers  of  schooner  Mary  W.  from  New  York,  Feb.  15th  : 
Benj  Myers.  J  Buckelen.  W  H  Soloman,  Capt  Baker,  A  J  Houtailing, 
G  F  Randolph.  J  Davis.  L  Homan,  C  H  Wright,  J  B  Cunningham.  I  J 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  433 

Stout,  E  P  Hart,  T  G  Palmer,  T  McRlach,  P  B  Thomas,  N  A  Phelps,  jr, 
J  S  Seymour,  J  W  Thorp,  E  F  Randolph,  J  H  Arnold,  J  M  Young.  C  W 
Smith,  G  E  Strong,  J  G  Briggs,  J  D  Baker,  GC  Swinson,  C  G  Ilendrick, 
Wm  Houghton,  G  W  Coe,  Jos  Cathcart. 

Steamer  Falcon  from  New  York,  Feb.  ist: 

P  Hamersley,  G  L  Jones,  J  Blair,  M  May,  W  H  Fontleroy,  J  Cowell, 
H  Billings,  Capt  Keyes,  T  Hutchinson,  Capt  Simmons  and  lady,  D  S 
Ward,  C  J  Mersch,  Wm  Sims,  —  Siverts,  J  Hepburn,  Wm  Hepburn,  J 
W  Gerry  and  lady,  C  Valentine,  —  Dickerson,  L  M  Goldsborough,  G  S 
Van  Bourt,  S  F  Blunt,  S  R  Knox,  G  A  Beck,  C  A  Gurley,  J  J  and  G  L 
Cooke,  R  L  Baker,  P  L  Miner,  B  Stewart,  H  P  Sibley,  Dr  Turner,  J  L 
Smith,  L  Renton,  J  R  Fitch,  J  Silva,  A  J  Austen,  A  Laurence,  J  A 
Smith,  T  F  Gould,  L  Lislie,  Mr  Dale,  M  True,  J  B  Biddleman,  J  Cor- 
yell, Master  Hunt,  Simmons,  Maurow,  Morse,  Johnson,  Monell,  Moore, 
E  Blair,  F  Shepard,  J  S  Williams,  Williams,  Cully,  Moses,  A  S  Hobbs, 
J  Moses,  Lent,  W  L  Smith,  Mr  Lockwood,  R  D  Hart,  Mr  True,  W 
O  Chapman,  F  Wright,  Mr  Mathiot,  D  Elliott,  £  Ely,  Oakley,  S  Lea, 
Whiting,  S  Henry,  Stair,  Hadson,  Rice,  Clark,  Block,  S  G  Williams, 
B  F  Hemstead,  B  F  Woods,  C  W  Lowall,  Bochman,  Averill,  T  C 
Childs,  Baker,  Tripp,  Schofield,  Jackson,  Mervin,  Cameron,  S  Drake, 
North,  Comstock,  McKenzie,  Joyce,  Vreeland,  Lane,  J  B  Coggsehall, 
Field,  C  Field,  G  W  Wright,  John  Wright,  Palmer,  Swain, Wm  Drezer, 
Cook,  Merkins,  B  Johnson,  T  Denny,  Simonson,  Ludlam,  Webb,  Bur- 
ger, C  Van  Pelt,  J  Wood,  McCoy,  Whittlesey,  Mildrum,  Birnley.  Reed, 
Annan,  McCune,  A  Webb,  Delavan,)Thompson,  G  H  Beach,  Dunnel  Jef- 
frey, N  A  Brown,  Strong,  Whitney,  Pugh,  Sutton,  Grant,  Holt,  Mer- 
rick, Blank,  Haven,  O'Calaghan,  Losee,  Vilmer,  Livingston;  Hammond, 
Corse,  J  Halleck,  Peck,  Morse,  Baldwin,  Waring,  Cram,  Carpenter, 
Burk,  Wheeler,  Tindall,  Jacob,  Burns,  Freer,  Knowlton,  G  Jacobs. 
Logan. 

Brig  Empire  from  New  York,  Feb.  igth  : 

Capt  Baxter,  Jos  Martin,  M  Curtes,  S  Lawrence,  J  Gilman,  W  H 
Gould,  R  Hopkins,  R  C  Hunter,  J  O  Fowler,  E  E  Harlow,  J  Briel,  J  T 
Elyred,  G  M  Goodrich,  R  Fenner,  G  R  Welch,  A  Booth,  D  D  Crumly, 
B  Brown,  O  F  Ackerly,  W  M  Mitchell,  J  B  Stanton,  J  B  Guitian,  J  W 
Stanton,  D  Moon,  J  Cateman,  J  Logan,  S  Wingertz,  T  Hawkins,  D 
Glover,  P  Rearm,  O  Gibbon,  W  H  Bulkley,  A  B  Berry,  F  H  Berry,  GW 
Pierson,  M  Sauer,  P  Stone,  W  B  Ostram,  S  Dodge,  A  D  Sellick.  C  C 
Harbeck,  G  H  Berry,  J  G  Gurnett,  W  Shores,  W  Simonsfield,  M  Bom- 
olet,  H  L  Dodge,  W  C  Harrington,  D  B  Northrop,  N  H  Amblers,  J  H 
Allen,  E  B  Hill,  A  Saxton,  W  H  O'Grady,  J  Peterson,  O  P  Blackman,  H 


434  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

O  Comstock,  S  Wedam,  A  P  Sherman,  M  Bogardus,  A  N  Lynde,  S  C 
Wellington. 

Passengers  of  bark  St.  Mary  from  New  York,  Feb.  22nd  : 
T  R  Warren,  E  P  Rogers,  J  W  Ludlow,  E  M  Keigs,  Capt  G  Odell, 
J  E  Walker,  J  D  Driggs,  W  D  Burhaus,  E  H  Ryall,  W  H  Hoogland, 
W  O  Stoutenborough,  W  S  Throckmorton,  J  V  Hartshorn,  T  Lam- 
bert. J  Walton,  I  B  West,  R  A  Powers,  S  Conner,  J  R  Ingersoll,  D 
Lawson,  J  Rathbone,  A  C  Rathbone,  P  R  Johnson,  E  Lee,  G  W  Ar- 
nold, T  O  Williams,  J  O  Eldridge.  W  M  Higgins,  Robt  Watson,  Dr 
Painter. 

Bark  Guilford  from  New  York,  Feb.  i6th  : 

C  Taylor.  J  A  Scranton,  E  H  Smith.  P  Curtis,  J  Mount,  P  Backus,  P 
H  Perry,  J  L  Moffat,  J  R  Curtis.  N  B  Harris,  J  B  Wilson,  W  Strange,  A 
Beldon,  W  Taylor,  E  Bliss,  T  Wilson,  W  Jones,  John  Smith,  R  Shaw, 
John  Nokes,  Wm  Sanford,  N  Crow  &  Son,  N  Pike,  W  H  Slosson,  H  G 
Mason.  T  C  Kilborn,  J  E  Miller,  A  BConk.  --rM  Whitcomb,  H  Green, 
J  C  Holmes,  Mr  West,  S  H  Ward. 

Passengers  of  Steamship  Panama  from  New  York,  Feb.  i8th  : 

Chas  Oatles,  E  Gillender,  —  Knap,  S  W  McAllister,  Major  Allen, 
Major  Binsley,  Mr  Smith,  L  Pearson,  J  C  Morrison  jr,  A  J  Hoop,  G  W 
Lamoreaux,  TEC  Cook,  E  M  Hayes,  Major  Bailey,  Mr  Bradbury,  C 
Ellet,  C  Mitchell,  C  D  Judah,  C  C  Green,  E  G  Capron,  J  G  Hyer,  Josiah 
Hoyt,  J  M  Prey,  J  Ken  Hester,  Wm  M  Barr,  Rev  Mr  Fitch,  Lieut  G  A 
Derby,  Capt  ELF  Hardcastle,  J  B  Bond,  E  F  Davison,  Lieut  Tilton,  D 
J  Whitney,  G  C  Waller,  J  P  Haff,  H  F  G  Blankman,  W  H  Turney,  Jas 
Simpson,  Wm  Stewart,  C  W  Holdredge,  J  H  Dye,  Wm  Stowell,  Nat 
Boice,  Hy  Skinner,  Horace  Beach,  O  C  Pratt,  Jacob  Baush,  E  Fitz- 
gerald, J  Cockrane,  H  C  Dickinson,  S  D  Merchant,  N  Caller  — 
Rogers,  —  Gregory,  Wm  McNair,  J  F  Kimmell,  —  Nevitt,  —  Allaire, 
—  Johnson. 

Bark  Belvidere  from  New  York,  Feb.  24th  : 

W  W  Shepard,  J  H  Stearns,  D  C  Richardson,  W  S  Lyon,  J  G  Kellogg, 
O  D  Munson,  W  W  Tuttle,  H  C  Hall,  G  H  White,  R  Forbush  jr,  Frank 
Homes,  Asa  Strong,  J  B  Stow,  E  S  Sayles,  S  Barney,  J  F  Cain,  S  D 
Mills,  L  Mason,  C  H  Moss,  W  A  Ogden,  D  C  Lum,  S  B  Woodin,  M  B 
Scott,  J  M  Gardner,  M  Herring,  E  Jones,  G  H  Preston,  R  Y  Patty,  G 
K  Godfrey,  H  T  Graves,  J  W  Eeles,  A  J  Haight,  Wm  Jenkins,  J  C 
Nelson,  M  Y  Lyon,  Nelson  Fitch,  A  Markham,  A  W  Stratton,  W  D 
Ferrand,  M  L  Remington,  Volncy  Hewitt.  J  D  Travis,  C  S  Putnam,  G 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA  435 

F  Phelps,  W  A  Glover,  E  J  Stearns,  J  P  Bawger,  E  White,  T  L  Barker, 
T  P  Grcves,  H  Fitch,  John  Choate,  Wm  Stark,  C  H  Stewart,  J  W  Jen- 
kins, N  S  Penson,  Isaac  Shepard  jr,  E  L  Finch,  H  D  Allen,  G  W 
FuUman,  S  A  Paige,  Thus  Hunter,  B  D  Stevens,  A  B  Northrop,  H  S 
Clark,  J  T  Rundle,  G  L  Mead,  W  M  Eddy,  P  W  Fisher,  W  Everts,  G  W 
Richardson,  S  D  Suits,  Dan  Cane,  F  A  Mills,  J  Davis,  N  Barnes. 

Passengers  of  ship  Elizabeth  Ellen  from  New  York,    Feb.  i6th: 

W  H  Allen,  Lewis  Cory  and  wife,  W  F  Franklin,  D  H  Luther,  J  A 
Osgood.  J  H  Beach,  Mr  Paul,  J  D  Cook,  D  H  Dickinson,  H  J  Trigler, 
B  D  Noxon  jr,  Davis  Divine,  M  H  Tyrell,  Robt  Rogers,  Joel  Greely, 
J  F  Babcock,  P  Collins,  J  G  Collins,  Dan  Graham  wife  and  3  children, 
J  M  Whitehead,  Theodore  Williams,  A  J  Coddington,  M  DeForest,  J  C 
Price,  Wm  Gordon,  J  Schlosser, — Caspar, — Gazy,  J  Zolver.V  Schwartz, 
M  Schloss,  N  and  M  Levy,  Wm  Q  Clark,  Jno  Dawson,  Geo  Halstead, 
L  M  Vail,  J  and  T  Crane,  T  M  and  T  D  Crow,  C  C  Batterman,  C  Schwa- 
welder,  Dan  D  Southard,  I  C  Townley,  S  Kratzenburgh,  Abram  Cohen, 
A  W  Genung,  J  F  Thompson,  J  H  Horsfall,  S  E  Earle,  Job  Woodruff, 
Alfred  Brant,  S  W  Lawrence,  R  T  Cook,  Jn  McLaughlin,  Jas  Farrell, 
Jno  Garvey,  Jas  McLaughlin,  Jn  Lanjbert,  Aug  Coffee,  Chas  Sibree, 
J  A  Terry,  R  David,  C  Tooker,  C  J  Heath,  J  L  Hart,  E  Gedney,  G  P 
Melville,  Dr  Brown,  E  Crockett,  H  Sibree,  W  A  Myer,  Jas  Fleming, 
B  K  Peebles,  Jas  Flood,  A  J  Myer,  G  Burke,  L  R  Ranke.  J  Mc.Mann, 
J  Molenaor,  Thos  Clay,  Hy  Taylor,  O  H  P  Young,  Theo  Burkhart,  H  A 
Burr,  W  B  Defreest,  Dd  Pierce,  C  Shook,  Wm  Pratt,  Marcus  Child,  J  H 
Darrow,  John  Darrow,  Ralph  Darrow,  C  M  Harris,  R  Rouse,  G  McCarty, 
C  H  Ross,  Wm  Gilbert,  Geo  Bailey,  R  H  Forsyth,  Geo  Yohe,  J  W  Col- 
lins, Rbt  Collins,  Edw  Hyatt,  L  F  Jones,  R  Z  Mason,  Elijh  Sherwood, 
Josh  Sherwood,  F  K  Krauth,  Josh  Knowles,  A  W  Coles,  C  H  Coles,  F  L 
Chapman,  J  Rickleton,  W  H  Manning,  T  H  Luther,  John  Fleming,  WH 
Luther,  Geo  Norton,  W  D  Williams,  S  D  Woolworth,  N  S  Crane,  C  H 
Stilt,  Stephen  Anson,  Jonthn  Hall,  J  Collamer,  J  DeForest,  Geo  White, 
N  N  Clark,  G  W  Lee,  C  Beccher,  C  C  Stewart,  S  Wilkinson,  A  H  Gazley, 
Chauncy  Hathorne,  A  Thompson,  G  Norton,  J  H  Miller,  Dd  Cramer, 
J  M  Gustin,  Frans  Bryan,  J  P  Haff,  I  Auchmoody,  G  W  Kinney,  C  S 
Howell,  Geo  Story,  J  B  Bates,  G  W  Burnett,  Thos  Burnett,  S  Kopman, 
Lyle  Morrow,  Aaron  Noble,  Alex  Love,  F  A  Bee,  E  Haughey,  — Corns, 
— Aphdyke,  J  McDonald,  J  Roe,  B  B  Carlish,  Hy  Sanborn,  S  A  Scott, 
L  M  Dorwin,  J  H  Dorwin,  Geo  Barnet,  J  Bowman,  Albt  Morse,  Lewis 
Burr,  Abm  Farwell,  Jonthn  Farwell,  E  P  Fletcher,  E  A  Deans,  F  AY 
Goodall,  Thos  Wilson,  D  C  Hartshorne.  D  C  Underwood,  Rbt  Page, 
A  A  Sumner,  Rbt  Sumner,  J  B  Price,  J  Pridmore,  J  McFarland,  L  P- 
Cotrell,  D  C  Dunning,  H  Shedtman". 


436  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Passengers  of  brig  Samson,  from  New  York,  Feb.  9th: 
Dr  S  R  Harris,  Dr  M  H  Vandyke,  A  G  Harris,  J  D  Cox,  —  Baxter,  H 
Patterson,  J  W  Randall,  C  H  Randall,  Wm  Comstock,  Mr  Farless.  Mr 
Payran,  Dr  M  Anderson,  Mars,  Depas,  Chapman,  Geo  Sharp,  H  VV  Kel- 
sey,  Barnes,  Benenthrall,  Jas  Patterson,  F  Tryon,  S  P  Deney,  P  W 
Wood,  J  G  Patrick,  G  M  King,  J  E  King,  Jas  McNeal,  W  S  Irvin,  A  G 
Headrick,  J  W  Pugh,  Jonthn  Pugh,  E  H  Herrick,  Wm  Holt,  O  Mc- 
Knight,  C  Lockman,  J  M  Tobin,  D  M  Tobin,  Robt  McCarty,  J  Barke- 
loo.  Hy  Sharp,  M  Woodman,  J  G  Richardson,  S  L  Hunt,  John  Bullou, 
J  T  Davis,  M  Brown,  Rd  Burnham,  J  P  Haynes,GC  Glasier,  Dd  Webb, 
J  A  Westervelt,  C  R  Fredrick,  R  M  Hazard,  C  Penniston,  Chas  Pom- 
roy,  J  H  Hamilton,  Jas  Frost,  E  G  Topping,  E  C  Green,  B  F  Lee,  John 
Heath,  R  D  Herrence,  R  H  Belden,  Wm  McNulty,  C  H  Cummings, 
Wm  Mcllvain.  J  R  Welden,  R  E  Brewster,  Jas  Shmith,  W  H  Scott. 

Passengers  by  bark  S.  S.  Crowell,  from  New  York,  Feb  9th  : 
E  Gill,  H  R  Keney,  J  F  Smith,  W  Haswell,  B  Rice,  A  Richardson,  M 
Richardson,  J  W  Miller,  J  D  Wood,  W  G  Moore,  J  W  Giddings,  C  L 
Lathrop,  S  D  Cook,  B  Gardner,  L  Morton,  S  C  Stone,  T  Ayres,  C 
Bradshaw,  M  Boynton,  C  Read,  A  Boynton,  N  Sprague,  E  Robinson,  C 
Perkins,  A  Van  Norden,  J  B  Perkins,  J  P  Cogswell,  J  M  Jones,  A 
Dodge,  G  Nicoll,  N  Chenery,  H  J  Hodges,  M  Hubbard,  C  G  Stark- 
weather, G  B  Phelps,  J  Prouty,  C  E  Gushing,  A  Bradbury,  F  Baker,  B 
Brisbe,  N  Tower,  W  Allen,  J  Fish,  E  C  Clark,  P  R  Merrick,  S  Reed, 
M  N  Hubbard,  F  Lyman,  S  Bosworth,  J  G  McKindley,  O  Wright. 

Bark  Mara,  from  New  York,  Feb.  ist  : 

J  Millard,  O  V  V  Dayton,  S  R  Hodgkins,  J  Van  Yorks,  J  M  Piatt,  E 
H  Piatt,  H  Passage,  L  A  Mulford.  C  P  Dickie,  A  Lockwood,  J  Erwin, 
G  Gantz,  Wm  Corbesier,  H  W  Taylor,  L  Neghoer,  Wm  Jenkms,  A 
Preston,  Wm  Bates,  R  E  Hurd,D  R  T  Gill.  A  Hebbard,  J  C  Smith,  H  E 
Willinston,  L  H  Bourtel,  F  Griffith,  Ed  Nix,  I  Stickey,  J  McAllis,  A  W 
Shultz,  E  Gould,  W  F  Hotto.  J  W  Griffith,  Chas  &  A  Pesche,  A  Penny, 
Julius  Struth,  C  F  Ward,  J  cSc  E  M  Piatt,  H  Hill,C  P  Dickey,  J  K  Kem- 
sen,  HDP  Allen,  S  R  Keen,  W  P  Olds,  C  B  Allston,  J  F  Van  York, 
A  Miles,  J  W  Griswold,  E  H  Mumby,  T  Rogers,  R  B  Preston,  P  Jen- 
nings, J  C  Goulden,  M  Holmes,  J  Trueax,  W  Mordey,  R  T  Gill,  J  Mill- 
ward,  S  P  Crane,  H  T  Pierce,  J  Weyman,  W  F  HufT,  J  R  Clark,  J  B 
Boylen,  W  H  Simmons,  A  Hibbard,  H  Dosher,  J  W  Weed,  C  Miller,  T 
Greene,  T  Hawkins,  B  H  Winans,  J  McKenney,  S  W  Lewis,  W  K 
Brown,  C  T  Tompkms.  S  F  Woodruff,  G  Mead.  V/m  Jones,  H  E  Ward, 
F  Foster,  G  Noonan.  V  B  Gillett,  B  C  Hurd,  W  Friell,  W  Corbuson, 
A  Lockwood,  M  Burdick,  D  C  Brown,  H  K  Brad  way,  G  C  Tyron,  J  G 


THE  AKGOyAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  437 

Thompson,  A  Towney,  J  D  Olmstead,  J  S  McCulley,  E  Bates,  E  Hall, 
J  S  Van  Winkle,  J  Turkington,  R  S  Melville,  S  E  Chandler,  S  De- 
mont,  F  D  Hawkins,  W  D  Sittiners,  W  Beck,  S  Lent,  R  Brown,  T 
Jones,  S  Conklin,  E  Stickle,  G  Stickle,  A  Passage,  L  Mulford,  P 
Klenck,  B  H  Hastings,  E  Sullivan,  J  H  Mumbhy,  N  B  Bradamore,  E 
Ullman,  P  S  Miller,  J  Rossiter,  C  Daniels,  J  Leighton,  Wm  Louder- 
back,  J  S  Earle,  H  Austin,  G  H  Gantz,  G  Campbell,  G  W  Case,  J  M 
Coggwell,  R  Cowper,  J  B  Perplank,  G  Thayer,  S  Davis,  H  M  Barnes, 
F  J  Barnes,  J  Walker,  R  S  Holden,  S  Morrison,  R  G  Molliner,  H  W 
Taylor,  T  Angus,  Jas  Ropie,  G  H  Morton,  A  C  Ferris,  J  Patterson,  J 
G  Fielding,  J  H  Weyman,  S  Lusk,  J  Messerne,  M  Kinny,  A  Beebe,  J 
Nivison,  J  Clelland,  E  McGregor,  G  Y  Yates,  M  McFall,  M  Kessing,  J 
C  Taylor,  H  Montford,  W  B  Murphy,  W  Leach,  J  McDonald,  Geo 
Swift,  J  Robertson,  J  Irwin,  G  Scardfield,  J  V  Meeker,  N  R  Sinclair,  J 
Gaskill,  J  K  Pillow,  S  Moody,  H  Felt. 

Steamer  Corsair  from  New  York,  Feb.  15th: 

J  B  Clark,  S  L  Wilson,  J  Taylor,  W  Ritterbush,  G  L  Hill,  F  L  Soulee, 
J  M  &  Alex  White,  H  M  Weed,  W  I  Brown,  E  Hadley,  Tim  Cheney, 
W  W  Burn,  Moses  Hill,  E  McAllister,  H  P  Wilson.  A  McNabb,  S  E 
GoflF,  J  C  Goff,  W  B  Edwards,  Geo  McAllister,  Isaac  Wallace,  J  M  Cas- 
well, J  S  Fog,  J  A  Gould,  J  McxMurthy,  J  B  Spofford,  T  C  Clough, 
— Humphrey,  Mr  Nichols,  D  E  Wood,  Dan  Elliott,  Wm  Parker,  A  Jack- 
son, H  Jackson,  James  L  Stevens,  C  A  Reed,  J  L  Bachelder,  J  H  Law- 
rence, C  M  Smith,  D  H  Ward,  G  Pennell,  H  Green,  August  Randall, 
John  Scott,  Ben  J  .Soule,  Wm  Curtis,  C  H  Soule,  Ambrose  Curtis,  G  W 
Soule,  G  L  and  W  A  Pratt,  Jere  Bartlett,  G  D  Bliss,  G  Bliss,  A  and  S 
Osgood,  S  B  Osgood,  F  G  Phipps,  Levi  Staples,  N  Baker,  C  F  McClure, 
J  E  Blake,  A  S  Folley,  H  Carnes,  Alex  Badlam,  B  L  Belknap,  S  Q 
Shackford,  R  Heath,  H  Morse,  L  and  J  Shackford,  J  A  Hatch,  Jos 
Eaton,  J  H  Page,  E  B  Waterman,  C  C  Emery,  S  Jackman,  T  C  Merrill, 
J  S  Sharp,  S  M  Barbour,  D  Moore,  D  Marsh,  I  B  Gustin,  D  Haynes, 
J  Stevenson,  A  C  Smith,  S  J  Millett,  N  Tucker,  N  G  Smith,  T  Tenant, 
C  Raymond,  D  C  McGregor,  J  Daggett,  W  G  Doe,  E  Daggett,  T  G 
Bunse,  D  B  Storer,  J  C  Bunn,  J  Mellen,  E  W  Brintnall,  J  Mclntyre, 
P  Adams,  E  G  Wellington,  M  A  Latell,  C  H  Simpkins,  E  B  Jeffords, 
W  W  Curtis,  H  Cunningham,  C  H  Hall,  S  A  Eveleth,  W  L  Chase,  Chas 
Foster. 

Mining  company  from  Springfield  left  New  York,  January  28th  : 

J  F  Harding,  Wm  R  Brown.  B  F  Barker,  A  B  Clark,  Luther  Grover, 

Hy  Arnold,  J  M  Fowler,  F  E  Foote,  Jos  Hedges  jr,  C    Briggs,  James 

Mitchell,  R  Collins,  Allen  Dodge,  S  A  Hendricks,  Dan  Houghton,  E  W 

Burke,  W  W  Trask.  S  L  Warner.  O  B  Clapp,  H  D  Putnam.  H  D  Lot- 


438  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

torn,  F  K  Robertson,  G  Cr.iven,  A  H  Dodge,  W  P  Adams,  A  Stone, 
A  Greene,  W  A  Dunbar,  R  W  Whitmore,  O  Houghton,  J  D  Smith, 
S  S  Clark,  E  Granfield,  D  W  Sinclair,  B  N  Bugbee,  D  Sizer. 

Sailed  in  Bark  Eliza,  additional: 

Mr  Amon  and  lady,  Mrs  Johnson,  Mrs  Leclare,  James  and  F  B  Kel- 
logg, C  M  Philips,  M  B  Carter,  J  Foster,  Moses  Parcel,  W  S  Dey,  John 
Parker,  J  Agrista,  W  H  Lefere,  J  S  Peters,  SI  Brown,  J  B  Stroub,  John 
Cholet,  E  J  Rollins,  J  S  Rogers,  G  W  Payne,  Ed  Pierson,  J  T  S  Breck, 
R  W  Bowhill,  W  H  Stephens,  F  J  Phillips. 

Schooner  John  Castner,  sailed  Jan.  29th  : 

Capt  Somers,  Capt  Harding,  F  E  Foot,  B  F  Barker,  J  Hedges  jr,  J  M 
Fowler,  Chas  Briggs,  L  Grover,  Hy  Arnold,  B  A  Baggby,  D  Sizer,  D  W 
Sinclair,  Dl  Houghton,  E  W  Burke,  D  B  Clapp,  H  C  Pitman,  Dr  F  K 
Robertson,  Geo  Craven,  A  H  Dodge,  Wm  P  Adams,  At  Stone,  A  Green, 
W  A  Dunbar,  R  W  Whitmore,  Ira  Holten,  J  D  Smith,  S  S  Warner,  T 
H  Brown,  Hy  Stanford,  J  J  Mitchell,  Hy  Wilson,  T  Shepard,  Israel 
Luce,  S  S  Clark,  R  H  Brown,  S  S  Brooks,  J  P  Newland,  S  L  Hunz,  P 
McFarland,  H  J  Kercher,  Moses  Searls,  G  P  Duncan,  A  B  Clark,  F  F 
Hunt,  Rt  Lucky,  J  Doherty,  J  Cameron,  M  B  Fondo,  J  S  Manard,  Ed 
Manard,  P  Herron,  A  Terry,  P  Monk,  N  B  Morris,  Dr  Lutteroth,  N  C 
Nichols,  J  A  Minel,  J  H  Holies,  M  Levy,  Dr  Taylor,  Wm  Reynolds,  J 
O  Phelps,  M  Chole,  D  S  Glass,  J  B  Pons,  H  Darling,  E  Loverich,  J  H 
Richards,  L  T  Coggswell,  W  Mason,  Wm  C  Bennett,  N  Newhouse,  B 
Buckingham,  C  Brown,  Jas  K  Baldwin,  Jas  McClochy,  F  Crocket,  W  S 
Slocum,  W  M  Kurtz,  Ed  Jeffreyes,  J  C  Briggs,  James  Schofield,  N  C 
Nichols,  S  Cauldwell.  N  Morehouse,  John  Smith,  W  A  Handson. 

Brig  Sarah  McFarland,  Jan.  31st : 

Capt  Richardson,  Capt  Allen,  F  C  Bennett,  Dr  J  Hatch,  W  C  Jenkens^ 
R  M  Chatterton,  Geo  Maguire,  Geo  Work,  Ed  Hall,  G  W  Lee,  JF 
Ackley,  C  A  Swift,  D  B  Middleton,  B  F  Bryan,  F  Stephens,  J  H  Wood, 
J  C  Combes,  F  G  Clews,  J  F  Bush,  A  W  Fenno,  W  F  Prevost,  P  M 
Swift,  J  S  Handlin,  Dan  Gerard  jr,  W  W  Starr,  H  L  Halse,  J  S  Hawley, 
Geo  Ball,  R  S  Slade,  E  Porter  jr,  C  C  Hall,  E  N  Jordan,  Oliver  Crane, 
Walter  Dutton,  Schenck  Glass,  Ths  Lathan,  T  L  Bell,  C  E  Kells  Martin 
Benedict  jr. 

Schooner  C  G  Scull,  from  New  York,  Jan.  31st  : 
J  E  Field,  D  Rice,  Geo  Shelman,  Wm    Ferguson,  Wm  French.    Thos 
Geffry,  G  W  Hamilton,  P    B   Kinzely,    Saml    Whiten,  Geo  Whiten,  E 
Beakely,  A  McCloud,  Ben  Sanders,  Seth  Temple,  P  G  Gardner,  Allen 
Ward,  D  M  Cole,  J  P  Smith,  Stephen  Card. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA  439 

Schooner  Col.^Fanning  from  New  York,  Feb.  6th  : 

Win  Valentine,  W  H  Wetsell,  P  L  Perry,  F  Lynch,  E  Howe,  M 
Hunt,  J  Conner,  A  M  Parsons,  P  H  Boyce,  H  H  Howe,  A  A  Searle,  C 
Chaffee,  P  A  Harper,  D  L  Trim,  B  Calihan,  A  Jones,  M  Houghton,  C 
Travis,  M  Bartlett,  M  Reynolds,  J  C  Wilkes,  H  C  Stilwell,  H  Ostrander, 
F  Hoffman,  N  C  Travis,  E  Wormouth,  Marco  Raditch. 

Bark  Ann  Welch  from  New  York,  T'ebruary  6th: 

Capt  A  S  Rogers,  R  S  Mesick,  J  Petty,  Wm  Eaton,  Wm  S  Mesick, 
R  H  Stanley,  J  S  Gould,  G  W  Casilew,  Hy  Bainbridge,  Wm  F  Bowne, 
P  Dorlon,  H  M  Clark,  E  C  Franklin,  Dr  J  H  Burge,  Wm  H  Rogers, 
J  Goldstein,  R  E  Staunton,  A  McVicar,  G  W  Jones,  L  P  Sandford,  P  S 
Cassilew,  G  W  Arcularius,  M  Failey,  J  Dutcher,  Morris  King,  Chas 
Whitlock,  C  E  Rowan,  F  C  Ward,  J  F  Carter,  G  L  Hewett,  J  B  Mar- 
shall, Jas  Carolan,  John  Totten,  W  J  Fredenburgh,  Rbt  James,  F  S  Mc 
Leurold,  H  M  Carter,  A  F  Benedict,  D  Hogvis,  H  E  Jenks,  Morris 
Lyon,  J  H  Rickett,  Peine  Hull,  J  C  Williams,  S  R  Ketcham,  Thos  Bene- 
dict, Wm  Morrow,  J  L  Morrill,  Saml  Smith,  Jonathan  Halsted,  J  Totten, 
Saml  Totten,  J  D  Russell,  H  W  Peckwell,  M  Morris,  Wm  H  Cooper, 
E  McGinnis,  J  Roberts,  Geo  Barry  jr,  G  W  Messerole,  Morris  Baisley, 
W  H  Jasen. 

Brig  Cordelia  from  New  York,  Januar}'  30th: 

J  Cooke,  J  M  Jackson,  G  J  Farley,  W  P  Isaacs,  E  Hall,  S  H  Covert, 
R  Pardessus,  Wm  Phyfe,  M  Phyfe,  M  II  Wells,  F  M  Fenton,  J  L  Isaacs* 
A  Robertson  jr,  C  W  Sy,  Chas  McLean,  M  H  Gillet,  E  B  Purdy,  O  H 
Newton,  N  Semanhoff,  J  Osborn,  A  B  Sheldon,  M  B  Carpenter,  J  M 
Parker,  J  W  Hendrickson,  Chas  Milliken,  A  L  Conklin,  Mr  Vallair, 
A  Higgins  jr,  Chas  Rolla,  J  G  Cornell,  J  R  Mead,  Hy  Foos,  W  E  Hoff, 
Dan  Christie,  J  A  Ruggles,  T  G  Voorhis,  P  Mc  Lean,  G  W  Whitlock, 
John  Baird,  S  C  Ransom,  John  Jackson,  J  W  Smith,  E  Gerder,  Hiram 
Thorne,  J  J  Brown,  J  Ledger,  G  A  Smith,  John  Keyser,  G  H  Foreman, 
Francis  Cooke,  W  H  Worden,  E  Colgrave,  Benj  Carter,  J  Mildrum, 
B  Olds,  G  H  Carrick,  W  L  Everett,  T  S  S  Lester,  H  H  Hassey,  T  P 
Williams. 

Brig  Acadian  from  New  York,  Feb.  6th  : 

T  B  Cunningham,  S  P  Wells,  W  H  Mitchell,  AV  L  Haskell,  A  H 
Barker,  W  H  H  Hebard,  C  Hutchins,  D  P  Holbrook,  A  II  Mitchell,  C  E 
White,  B  Barker, —  Davis,  —  Adams,  —  Taylor,  —  Blake,  L  Rhoades. 

Members  of  a  company  that  left  New  York,  Feb.  7th,  for  Cali- 
fornia, overland,  commanded  by  Col.  H.  L.  Webb  and  J.  W.  Au- 
dubon : 


440  THE   ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

Watson  Webb,  II  C  Mallory,  D  Kearney,  J  H  Bachman,  M  B  Valen- 
tine, T  B  Valentine,  J  II  Tone,  J  R  Lambert,  J  B,  J  S  &  Joseph  Lam- 
bert, W  A  Hutchinson,  G  B  Whittlesey,  E  W  Osgood,  Dd  Hudson,  Hy 
Co\vden,Chas  Valentine,  Chas  Montrose  Graham,  P  McCusker,  A  J 
McTown,  M  Doubleday,  W  D  Mclcanaor,  H  Brady.  J  S  Walkinson,  A  F 
Lee,  J  K  Rodgers,  jr,  R  Benson,  jr,  L  L  Benson,  F  B  Winthrop,  A  T 
Shipman,  John  Brady,  J  A  Black,  W  H  Liscomb,  S  H  Liscomb,  Hy 
Stille,  I  Kashow,  D  A  Stivers,  W  D  Stivers,  W  J  Cree,  J  J  Bloomfield, 
Emmett  Powell,  A  S  Graham,  A  C  Graham,  L  F  Hinkley,  N  J  Walsh, 
Luke  Demon,  John  Stevens,  L  I  Emestic,  J  H  Plumb,  A  M  Nevin,  H  J 
Borden,  J  B  Clements,  I  H  Williamson,  G  P  Davis,  Ed  W  Whittlesey, 
R  W  Sherwood,  T  J  Hall,  jr,  J  V/  Sherwood,  F  S  Coombs,  John  De- 
laney,  Justm  Ely,  jr,  W  B  Barclay,  H  Tallman,  L  H  Haven.  L  W  Sloat, 
G  F  Van  Buren,  J  B  Trask,  V  Ayres,  G  C  Steel,  Geo  Weed,  J  P 
Caverley,  E  G  Webb,  James  Warner. 

Ship  Geo.  Washington  from  New  York,  Feb.  6th: 

Rev.  Dr  Verhmer,  wife  and  4  children,  G  Furniss,  E  Andarisee,  T  H 
Emmet,  J  L  Emmet,  H  Barnwall,  L  Williams,  A  B  Van  Courtland,  J  D 
Beers,  —  Curry,  —  Reichard,  —  Matterson,  C  Adams,  —  Apley,  — 
Briggs,  —  Rogerson,  A  J  Bonnet,  Mr  May,  R  Coltart,  W  Coltart,  J  W 
Stettinius,  J  McKenzie,  J  Jack,  Z  Curry  Bell,  —  Thompson,  —  Wilson, 

—  Ewalt,  —  Steere,  —  Timm,  —  Sayre,  S  Smith,  T  Smith,  —  Newbury, 

—  Spencer,  Leonard  W  Storrs,  Dr  T  Dimon,  E  H  and  C  H  Corn- 
stock,  A  H  Frisby,  E  H  Purdy,  L  Purdy,  Mr  Harrington,  W  Pray,  L 
Bothan,  T  Cutter,  jr,  S   Hallen,  —  Henshaw,  —  Lockwood,  J  Fisher, 

—  Ford,  —  Vancleet,  —  Merritt,  —  Van  Zaun,  —  Haley,  —  Thomas,  — 
Lawrence,  —  Palmer,  —  Campbell,  —  Shaw,  —  Carvill,  —  Warren,  — 
Guy,  —  Baldwin,  —  Kniften,  —  Grimolin,  —  Sweeney,  —  Brennan,  A  J 
Wright,  T  Tidy,  D  Merrill,  —  Rouse,  L  Keiffer,  G  Keiffer,  Pomroy,  W 
Eves,  —  Gardner,  A  Hallen,  —  Goss,  D  Bennett,  —  Mahoney,  Hutch- 
ings,  —  Weaver,  W  H  Newall,  A  M  Dobbie,  P  Leddy,  L  Bates,  F  Ben- 
nett, F  Behrman,  II  Hutchinson. 

Brig  Wintlirop  from  New  York,  Feb.  ist : 

Wm  Prescott,  J  H  Cleaves,  E  E  Galusha,  E  B  Galusha,  A  Van  Camp, 
Geo  Bonny,  J  G  Tread  way,  P  J  Stanage,  A  McFarden,  David  McFarden, 
J  Ryers.  John  NichoUs,  M  L  Mercer,  Wm  Mentz,  Jacob  Day,  P  Norman, 
Jas  Mentz,  H  P  Denniston,  H  Denniston,  David  Poyrtt,  Jas  Clark,  W  H 
Jenkins,  Henry  Roberts,  J  Haughwoat.  J  J  Galusha. 

Steamer  Crescent  City,  Dec  23d  : 

W  K  Smith,  L  R  Sowers,  H  LShotwell.  N  S  Shotwell,  J  R  Malony, 
A  A  Porter,  S  H  Branch,  Chas  Hughes,  W  H  Nelson,  T  A  Goin,  W  K 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  441 

Pendleton,  J  Davenport,  Geo  Chase,  Chas  Radcliffe,  R  J  Williamson,  D 
G  Fowler,  S  N  Fox,  J  Roberts,  John  Maynard,  Capt  Jas  Kearney,  John 
Wilson,  James  Patten,  Jas  Birch,  G  Rowe,  T  N  Star,  J  H  Giles,  E  C 
Geisse,  II  A  Warren,  Ed  Batters,  John  Johnson,  A  J  Tiffany,  A  B  Cooke, 
C  J  Fox,  Oscar  Backus,  II  W  Wyman,  P  Brunner,  R  Geeseke,  Jas  Kane, 
A  C  Carr,  C  Prague,  D  G  Phipps,  C  Hotchkiss,  D  Rogers  jr,  Leander 
Rogers,  N  G  Rogers,  C  Fritze,  T  Rimpan,  L  Goodwin,  W  W  Brooks.  J 
Olmstead,  A  Boynton,  John  Barker,  H  H  Spencer,  S  Ouinby,  J  Quick, 
J  G  Maxwell,  H  Millor,  J  Gray,  T  B  Newton,  E  Kirschaw,  G  M  Yates, 
C  Dye,  E  S  Pentield,  A  McLean,  A  R  Myers,  E  E  Dunbar,  J  W  Bowen, 
H  T  Boorman,  J  Lilenen,  J  L  Fowler,  J  M  Buntin,  A  L  Dale,  C  H  Hay- 
ford,  W  R  Halsey,  C  H  Hoyt,  Louis  Gibson,  L  Lillie,  E  Sparrow,  A 
Kleinon,  W  H  Baldwin,  W  W  Ridley,  T  M  Maslin,  Alex  Maslin,  A  H 
Barbour,  E  L  Sullivan,  W  H  Grattan,  Dd  Sidle,  O  W  Rawson,S  S  Gal- 
lagher, J  B  Pine,  J  B  Wehrman,  B  McNally,  S  B  Mills,  F  C  Gray,  J  F 
Rogers,  A  W  Noney,  E  R  Hall,  M  Bailey,  J  Manning,  S  W  Britton,  A 
Landon,  W  L  Thayer,  G  A  Thayer,  D  Browing,  Tim  Page,  C  Livings- 
ton, E  Tichenon,  J  W  Thompson,  T  L  Blood,  W  D  Sewell,  August 
Arnold,  E  L  Morgan,  J  H  Reed,  H  Bigelow,  David  Rogers. 

Brig  Eudora  from  New  York, Jan  29th  : 

Washington  Meeks,  W  S  R  Taylor,  John  Murray,  John  Young,  Gidy 
Underbill,  D  Regna,  Richd  Dally,  David  Field,  Josiah  Payton,  J  H  Du 
Pont,  Alstone  Sheppard,  P  Donnelly,  John  Steedman,  Henry  Scott,  H 
O  Lindskoy,  John  Marston,  A  T  Dupignac,  John  Dickson,  T  Patterson, 
A  McDonald,  E  A  Harris,  S  E  Lott,  Geo  Bentley,  W  S  Alley,  Wm  Free- 
man, Samuel  Murray,  S  J  Wykoff,  Fdk  Lux,  A  O  Stevens,  J  W  Asker- 
son,  P  Edgar,  Wm  Lull,  Dd  Westertield,  J  Van  Houton,  A  Smith,  £ 
Hayw'orth,  Henry  Powles,  W  D  Camrnen,  Abram  Buss,  G  B  Stevens,  A 
Riggs,  T  H  Johnson,  Wm  Burrows,  John  Van  Houton,  James  Peters, 
C  Cavilline,  J  Hall. 

Brig  Cameo  from  New  York,  Feb.  loth  : 

E  C  Cromwell,  G  A  Parkes,  Chas  Wainwright,  Sam  Knight,  J  S  Craig, 
R  H  Howell,  Jas  Duboise,  A  H  Craig,  S  S  Stafford,  M  Andrews. 

Ship  Orpheus  from  New  Ycrk,  Jan.  26th  : 

W  Pickett  and  family,  J  T  Metcalf,  N  Campbell,  J  A  Hopkins,  J  A 
Quimby,  S  B  Smith,  C  E  Austen,  C  Dickinson,  B  DeCagigas,  Z  Alds- 
dorper,  H  O  Ryerson,  Jno  Fowler,  J  Riggs,  B  P  Horton,  A  Levesque,  F 
Guigi,  E  Cavili  &  wife,  F  Dowd  &  wife,  J  Bryant,  J  A  Hall,  P  Tice,  E  G 
Marratt,  E  G  Burger,  J  A  Raymond,  C  Harvey,  J  Lorati,  D  C  Disbrow, 
N  Schuyler,  J  F  Ahrens.  C  Contrell,  G  M  Sparks,  H  Sumner,  W  H 
Duryea,  E  G  Vandullen,  F  O   Graves,   H  Prescott,  E    Hull,   J    Walsh, 


442  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Noyes  Baldwin.  F  H  Rockett,  Barth  Hannan,  J  Hannan,  W  S  Kelley, 
W  B  Maffet,  W  H  Crowell,  E  D  Howard,  Geo  Clark,  W  Dick,  G 
Sampson,  J  P  Spier,  G  S  Spurr,  J  Spurr,  James  Keathy  &  Sons,  J 
Mazzetti,  M  S  Marwood,  E  Blakesley,  E  Balus,  G  W  Brown,  Geo  Meachar, 
J  R  Smith,  Jas  Dennis,  J  Vandyne,  E  Hooper,  W  McDivit,  W  S  McDivit, 
J  Montgomery,  L  Mores  Z  B  Furman,  J  Duffin,  F  O'Neil,  Shadk  Daviis, 
J  Mason,  J  Taylor,  A  W  Hitchcock,  H  Murphy,  R  L  Bampton,  C  H 
Mansfield,  A  Brien,  F  C  Parsons,  J  B  Manser,  J  S  French,  J  Jacobs,  W 
B  Fransis,  S  Cole,  R  Lusk,  J  B  Bogardus,  D  Davis,  J  Ferguson,  P  W 
Dillon,  W  H  Barnes  jr,  G  Seikles,  T  Beaman,  C  Wheeler,  C  Girvin,  A 
Towler,  Geo  Richards,  D  H  Russell.  S  H  Allen,  Augus  Dodge,  Levi 
Handford,  D  Gidley,  P  G  Ludlow,  S  Everingham,  W  Barnum,  B  P 
Avery,  J  Leahman,  S  G  Bennct,  P  McManus,  P  F  Duffy,  J  Burring, 
J  Brady,  W  S  Patterson,  W  White,  J  Chilver,  W  Fry,  G  L  Lander,  P 
Kennis,  W  Tuller,  T  Hart,  W  Edmunson,  Munson  Church,  M  Garvey,  J 
Glaughby,  T  H  Ferris,  S  F  Baldwin,  J  Parker,  W  Vanderwater,  N 
Zoble,  W  Merrifield,  Ed  Letts,  B  Armstrong,  W  Dunham,  Oliver  Van- 
derbilt,  H  Daley,  D  Crawford,  J  Polhemus,  G  Bigley,  J  Winney,  W 
Cannon,  J  Miles,  J  Mumpeton,  C  W  Briscom,  E  Burr,  S  C  Waring,  R 
Finley,  C  M  Miller,  W  Payne,  L  McEwen,  T  Douglass,  T  B  Taylor,  W 
H  Shafer,  E  B  Elsworth,  A  Blorvelt,  A  G  Tucker,  H  A  Kidder,  A  B 
Decker,  S  T  Maudeville,  A  Van  Tyne,  C  J  Pollard,  J  H  Ryerton,  C  E 
Peregoy,  G  M  Gaskins,  E  Adiesdorfer,  G  Palmyra,  D  Ferguson,  E  G 
Kidder,  W  E  Collier,  J  E  Bogart,  WCox,  J  Kershaw,  J  Welsh.  C  Brown, 
W  Vanderwater. 

Bark  Galindo  from  New  York,  April  7th: 

J  T  Gardner,  J  M  Purves,  Augus  Cross,  S  L  Derrickson,  J  E  Baker, 
A  Van  Waler,  Geo  Knight,  H  Lorrimer,  J  Smith,  J  Dobbs,  R  F  Wil- 
liams, M  Menges,  R  Hamilton,  B  Burdge,  T  Kindall,  D  S  Mapes,  R  S 
Jenkins,  J  E  Hooper,  J  A  Van  Tassell,  A  H  Jayne,  Ellt  Higgins,  J  Dar- 
ling, C  R  Wilder.  J  L  Van  Nortwick,  A  J  Van  Tassell,  Jas  Gallon,  T  W 
Skirven,  S  H  Haskins,  Constne  Morse,  Thos  Nelson,  T  Meyneris,  J  N 
arker,  B  C  Coleman.  H  W  Moore,  C  H  Knapp,  A  Beekman,  J  D 
Banker,  S  M  Rollins,  W  Shepard,  J  Young,  M  Smith,  T  B  Savage,  S  R 
Derrick,  A  McDonald,  C  F  Jayne,  J  Miller,  P  B  Rogers,  C  Hamilton,  J 
Arlington,  Francis  Pasman,  Jos  Smith,  M  W  Holley,  Jas  White,  Wm 
Hines,  M  Homan,  A  Wood,  WC  Bunting,  J  Sackett,  A  Coleman,  H  N 
Adams,  A  J  Putnam,  E  G  Terry,  R  Donaldson,  J  L  Coutant,  J  H  H  Mc- 
Clure,  C  W  Leroy,  A  Stubbe,  W  H  Force,  J  W  Tyler,  T  B  Johnson,  S  G 
Dunbar,  S  A  Snow,  P  S  Lawson,  W  H  Short,  B  F  Coleman  W  H 
Dougall. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  443 

Ship  Memnon,  sailed  April  11  : 

Mrs  J  R  Gordon,  Miss  Wilkens,  P  S  Hunter,  R  E  Hunter.  Thos  Toole, 
Aaron  Dean,  Wm  Condon,  Wm  H  Norris.  Wltr  Carpenter,  T  H  Jack- 
son, J  S  Dimon,  Wm  Cowhan,  Jn  Elkins,  A  B  Glovers. 

Schooner  Gen.  Worth,  sailed  April   12th  : 

Capt  Richardson,  S  B  Smith,  E  M  Kelly,  T  C  Abbey,  G  F  Hillyer,  A 
E  Phelps,  S  L  Amoneaux,  J  Duryee,  Jas  Atwood,  H  H  Tappan,  J  M 
Tappan,  G  H  Buttress,  J  J  Gray,  T  W  Fields,  T  Jeffrey,  M  M  Reid,  J  J 
Coddington,  Jas  Fick,  H  Peck,  H  G  Avery,  J  Requa,  J  Ballentine,  G 
Whiteford,  J  Stonewall,  G  Cook,  J  Moore,  W  Smith,  C  T  Sanders,  Jones 
Hunter,  W  R  Turner,  Fife  &  Stout. 

Bark  Selma  from  New  York,  April  loth  : 

Capt  Selleir,  R  Kellogg,  S  G  Belles,  E  Pratt,  J  Hutchins,  E  J  Bolles, 
H  Dean,  J  P  Smith,  C  A  Humason,  G  K  Sexton,  H  Chaffee,  H  G 
Brown,  J  L  Kirkham,  H  Hubbard,  C  E  Mitchell,  A  G  Mitchell,  D  G 
Hathaway,  S  Edgerton,  G  Kinney,  N  E  Judd,  J  Grass,  jr,  A  S  Whitte- 
more,  J  C  Barkels,  J  Safford,  W  B  Lord,  A  Brown,  W  O  Sexton,  T  B 
Higley,  f  M  Ford,  H  E  Morgan,  N  S  Turner,  A  M  Goodwin,  B  B  Hast- 
ings, M  Johnson,  J  B  Nelson,  C  M  Cowan,  A  G  Fitch,  A  C  Ransom,  C 
C  Richmond,  H  D  Chapman,  G  R  Payne,  E  Elderkin,  E  H  Abbott,  W 
Griswold,  C  E  Wellman.  S  G  Hall,  E  H  Phipps,  J  M  Johnson,  H  B 
Gardiner,  F  Kelly,  J  Maples,  S  Vergeson,  R  R  Rockwell,  L  Gladding,  C 
Marton,  J  Hutchins,  J  A  Smith,  A  Cuttler,  H  D  Klande,  S  G  Chaffee,  J 
Spencer,  J  J  Heath,  J  J  Jones,  J  Grayham. 

Steamer  Crescent  City,  sailed  April  17th: 

M  Kenyon,  J  Gifford,  A  R  Perry,  C  Butler,  S  Taber,  A  Hall,  J  Thomp- 
son, J  Magill,  J  Satterlee,  Dr  C  Parry,  E  Hurburt,  J  Northrop,  R  D  Foy^ 
G  Billsque,  A  Morrison,  D  S  Pearson,  G  C  Potter,  H  Charles,  Mr  Gil- 
man,  M  Phelan,  W  Shannon,  Dr  A  G  Osborne,  Dr  Mekes,  Dr  Hark- 
hurst,  D  C  Broderick,  W  McKibbin.  Mr  Green,  G  Rowland,  J  Taite, 
M  L  Mott,  Mr  Wilkes,  K  S  White,  GAR  Leonard,  D  B  Crockett,  De 
Witt  Clinton,  F  Fitzgerald,  L  Warren,  J  Lord,  Mr  and  Mrs  Dewitt, 
Major  Allen  and  wife,  J  A  Jarves,  B  T  Stark.  H  H  Jones,  H  Starr,  C  J 
Sprague,  Major  H  Leonard,  T  C  Clark,  H  C  Seymor,  J  Benjamin,  W  D 
Niles,  Lieut  Maynard,  Capt  Bailey,  DrC  F  Winslow,  Mr  Gridley,  P  Ty- 
son, Major  Vinton,  J  B  Vinton.  G  C  Banford.E  B  Fitzgerald,  S  Delicker, 
J  S  Hagar,  A  Z  Lawton,  E  W  Leonard,  M  G  Leonard,  M  B  Almy,  Dr 
J  P  Leonard,  W  C  Kibbe,  W  H  West,  T  Crocker,  E  T  Velson,  W  Jen- 
nings, TI  K  Warren,  T  A  Sherwood,  W  S  Sherwood,  J  H  and  R  S  Davis, 
C  Pardu,  B  and  J  Sill,  R  Sykes,  J  Andrews,  A  R  Grifhn,  J  G  Stone, 
E   Fairchild,  S  Williams,  F  Green,   J  Kirk,  J  Kenyon,  H  H   Curtis, 


444  1HE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

J  Kelly,  P  D  Mickel.  W  Mickdl,  E  Walter  P  Burke,  W  Van  Houghton, 
C  Brown,  P  Mason,  J  Harding,  Mr.  Bennett,  S  K  Hopgeboon,  J  Silvina, 
J  Cadet,  M  Schamerhorn,  J  W  McKea,  C  A  Cook,  J  A  Lawrence,  C  Car- 
penter, H  Buck.  J  Horsely,  J  Martin,  J  Hempstead,  H  Bishop,  A  Hall, 
M  Clark.  A  Buck,  W  Trim,  F  Baker,  J  N  Clements.  C  C  Carpenter,  E  L 
Hall,  H  E  Blakely,  C  Stone  jr.  G  P  Lee,  B  R  Fitch,  H  Brown.  J  Raf- 
ferty,  W  Brown,  C  Wheeler,  J  M  Russell,  E  Horner,  M  Russell,  J  N 
Dodge.  H  W  Sleeper,  A  Atwill,  L  L  Hemenway,  E  F  Cochran,  J  Noble, 
E  Wheaton,  A  S  Wheaton,  Mr  Harding,  Mr  Barnett,  Lieut  Budd. 

Bark  Canton,  sailed  May  30th: 

C  Baldwin,  L  Little,  A  G  Dickinson,  C  Grattan,  J  D  Peck,  G  K  Church 
W  Williams,  T  Barclay,  J  B  Deacon,  B  F  Mead,  W  Hall,  J  P  Carter, 
R  M  Mitchell,  J  Seamen,  C  L  Parent,  W  S  Allen,  J  S  Rowe,  L  H  Lang- 
don,  Peter  Craig,  G  S  Lawrence,  B  B  Bishop.  R  Austin,  J  V  Raymond, 
CH  Mead,  J  Kendall.  T  Hurst,E  Stimson.  D  Lockwood.G  Kear,A  Fink, 
G  Williams,  H  Brinckle.  F  V  Dike,  J  Grattan,  W  H  Utter,  J  W  A  Shel- 
don, D  F  Bradford,  E  D  Prentice,  J  E  Andrews,  A  A  Pinckney,  W  C 
Lee,  W  C  Sherwood,  H  Haynes,  T  Houstworth,  L  Seymour,  A  F  Good- 
dell,  H  Cooley,  M  Evans,  T  F  Bradford,  Rd  Harris,  R  B  Cooley,  H  A 
Pintlay. 

Bark  Phoenix  from  New  York,  April  2d: 

Conel  Storm,  W  D  Niles,  J  H  Phinney,  C  Dederer,  Van  Wyck  Brink- 
erhooflf,  W  S  Hughson,  Adnce  Storm,  D  R  Linn,  S  M  Richardson,  Nebrn 
Houston,  C  P  Booth,  W  L  Carpenter,  Dr  W  R  Adams,  M  W  Weed, 
Edwin  Gomez,  Hamlet  Jacks,  Wm  Broas,  W  C  Smith,  E  J  Whaling, 
W  H  Broas,  S  E  Gruman,  A  P  Brady.  Jn  Fonda,  Andrew  Kirkwood, 
Phil  Dater,  S  S  Lapham,  H  D  CoflTin,  T  W  Riddel. 

Ship  B.  R.  Milaro,  April  3d: 

Mrs  G  Foos  and  family,  Frank  Weeks,  J  N  Westervelt,  J  Minard,  C 
Murphy,  J  O  Reily,  S  Samed,  W  D  Chapman,  A  Barnett,  J  L  Chapman, 
E  Austin,  C  Shergold,  C  Merrill,  J  Harman,  E  Foster,  Mr  Nixon,  J 
Nixon,  C  Wright,  J  J  Fowler,  F  Fowler,  J  SchafT,  Dr  R  H  Collyer  and 
wife,  A  A  Perline,  W  T  Young.  Isaac  Thompson,  E  Jones,  A  Courey, 
A  J  Leary,  S  &  A  Brown,  J  S  Bostwick,  E  J  Bostwick,  E  Eccleston,  R 
Eccleston,  A  Lengzen,  T  C  Martin,  J  W  Morrell,  GBrysen,  J  Brookes,  A 
Brysen,  J  W  Wood,  A  Cornell,  J  Lyon,  jr,  A  Hall,  S  F  Seely,  W  H 
Lawson,  J  McDonald,  T  J  Johnson,  S  Underbill,  J  W  Seymour,  Isc 
Brown,  W  O'Brian,  T  L  Watson,  G  Taske,  B  H  Meader,  J  Cobbett,  J 
F  May,  A  R  Chapman.  G  Pritchet,  F  W  Fox,  W  G  Power,  J  M  Plimer, 
C  G  Sloane,  D  B  Steward,  D  B  Wilsen,  C  G  Wild,  W  T  Harrington,  F 
L  Higbee. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  445 

Bark  Devans,  from  New  York,  April  6th: 

The  Boon,  Wm  Davidson,  Jas  Baylies,  Wm  Reed,  G  Searl,  Ben  Page, 
Sanfd  Prouty,  R  S  Bradshaw,C  F  Flemming,  S  R  Williams,  R  H  Walter, 
and  wife,  J  S  Anderson,  J  A  Schuyler,  Chs  Whales,  J  B  Brown,  J  W 
Valentine,  A  Black,  J  W  Richardson,  B  Bingham,  J  Yourks,  J  Adee. 
S  C  Clark,  T  Boorman,  H  Prior,  J  Lines,  C  Elliott,  jr,  J  Campbell,  J  H 
Sinclair,  Acker,  Dr  Bonnell,  Buckingham,  Cook,  J  H  Keron,  Jn  Smith, 
Hirsh  &  White,  J  E  Larroston,  D  Hofter,  W  R  Olden,  J  S  Ball,  C  Van 
Winkle,  L  R  Bailey,  Jos  Durand,  Caleb  Lacy,  C  Ottenstall,  F  Weld,  J  H 
Hunneman,  Mr  McMurray,  D  W  Hunt,  C  H  Terry. 

Sailed  Jan.  24th,  Ship  Pacific  : 

C  W  Williams,  W  S  Smith,  B  S  Read,  J  S  Dunham,  E  H  Miller,  H  D 
Cook,  B  R  W  Strong.  J  S  G  Cannon,  Elisha  Mattoon,  J  L  Pool,  E  W 
LefTerts,  P  C  Walder,  N  K  Master,  A  W  Gay,  W  G  Bigelow,  J  Mattoon 
J  C  Augre,  L  Cheney,  N  D  Morgan,  Mr  Hale,  H  Bingham,  Ezra  Hop- 
kins, Mark  Hopkins,  Dr  Stedman  Brown,  W  H  Sherwood,  J  W  Bing- 
ham, A  M  Ebbetts,  Gt  Reynolds,  Wm  Dill,  J  Ascherman,  Frank  Squire, 
G  Sapian,  Perue  Preler,  S  Bowen,  A  Clark,  A  N  Nicholson,  Dr  C  Cas- 
well, Chas  Thomas,  Wm  B  Jones,  Dr  H  Jones,  Dr  Ed  Hall,  L  M  Kel- 
logg, A  S  Marvin  jr,  S  Thompson,  Frank  Chenry,  Owen  Spencer,  G  S 
Powers,  J  Ingols  jr,  C  N  Humphey,  J  L  Jones,  J  Gumsey,  F  P  Stedman, 
E  C  Mathewson,  G  W  Adams,  Jessie  Griffin,  J  Pettis  jr,  J  B  Packard,  D 
W  C  Brown,  J  A  Morgan,  E  C  Galusha,  J  J  Galusha.  Dr  R  B  Hull,  G  B 
Hitchcock,  Fk  Powers,  J  B  R  Brown,  D  H  Kingsbury,  H  Gager,  B 
Palmer  Lang,  M  H  Barritt,  J  S  Fisk,  H  Bouton,  J  W  Allen, S  McKenny, 
Geo  Wiggins,  Rk  Matthison,  F  Snyder,  Mr  Stacy,  U  Van  Wagner,  J  Van 
Wagner,  J  Drake,  R  M  Gallick,  Wm  Lockerman,  Mr  Ditton,  Mr  Hatch, 
Wm  Morour,  W  H  Crane,  Mr  Cartwright,  J  S  Ferris,  Mr  Westlake,  J 
Layton,  A  Sulger,  H  Emmons,  W  T  Emmons,  Dr  Beals. 

Bark  Hersilla,  Jan.  24th  : 

David  Drake,  R  Atwell,  Thos  Barnes,  L  Oakley,  E  C  Nottage,  SI 
Baker,  S  W  Willis,  A  Van  Vales,  H  C  Gardiner,  B  Nelson,  John  Sher- 
man, F  P  Kilburn,  Thos  Haabn.  H  Brastow,  S  Cunningham,  Philo- 
Isbel,  Wm  H  Hoyt,  H  B  Congdon,  Wm  L  Carpenter,  C  F  Rea,  Mr 
Joseph,  P  J  Paulison,  T  H  Carr,  J  Watt,  Wm  Larned,  J  A  Sanger,  jr,  W 
Byxbee,  S  V  Carr,  N  L  Hale,  D  Nyse,  Tyson  &  Sons,  Wm  Lewis,  E 
Buckland,  S  P  Clark,  A  Morgan,  Wm  Deforest,  N  Johnson,  Wm  Croch- 
eron,  John  Conly,  Wm  Thompson,  A  Mobray,  G  C  Greene,  Mr  Saxton 
and  son,  E  B  Hegeman,  G  W  Brower,  J  C  King,  J  C  Stone,  S  S  Crafts, 
A  D  Chassin,  W  J  Waters,  T  R  Cassel,  F  A  Mitchell,  John  Sturger, 
Joseph  Sawyer,  Thos  Wacob,  C  B  Reynolds. 


446  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Ship  South  Carolina  sailed  from  New  York  Jan.  24th.  Pas- 
sengers : 

H  A  Ackerly,  Mr  Power,  Warren  Pendell,  H  Livingston,  A  Ashfield, 
\V  Lahy,  Mr  Bell,  C  H  Bowen,  Wm  Bellship,  H  P  Burr,  W  Spaulding, 
G  Johnson,  B  Kelley,  Mr  Tilden,  H  Keesing,  John  Smith,  T  Mullen, 
M  Cassady,  G  Dean,  A  Wells,  W  F  Fountain,  John  Carter,  C  H  Gants, 
Mr  Walls,  Mr  Mallony,  P  W  Gants,  Andrew  Stone,  A  G  Harris,  L  Bar- 
nard, C  Sterling,  J  Rooney,  Mr  Walden,  J  McVean,  F  Wilcox,  D  C 
Smith,  J  H  Doctor,  E  G  Hayden,  E  Kellogg,  W  Bullock,  S  Smith,  A  W 
Bee,  Mr  Konough,  Wm  Bowen,  J  P  Burr,  J  B  Morehouse,  N  Carpenter, 
C  Kelley,  J  Woodruff,  W  Rooney,  E  Bingham,.  C  McVean,  Mr  Kilburn, 
Jno  Canan,  Jno  Johnson,  Mr  Wetherell,  C  A  Cassall,  R  Stroller,  Dan 
McGuire,  Mr  Coy,  L  Rittinger,  J  Hodges,  Mr  JJanforth,  G  W  Simmons, 
James  White,  W  E  Haskins,  F  Brown,  F  Madden,  G  W  Spencer,  Mr 
Cunningham,  J  Penney,  jr,  F  Speries,  H  Goodwin,  James  Smalley,  N  E 
Allen,  J  Bannard,  J  J  Haley,  Mr  Dodd,  James  Edgar,  Geo  Johnson, 
I  D  Chanley,  E  P  Read,  J  Scofield,  John  Spencer,  Mr  Robinson,  J 
H  Wright,  J  Bearen,  N  Stroller,  John  Malcomb,  W  FuUard,  R  Buck- 
lin  &  Son,  Chas  Murphy,  J  P  Haley.  Mr  Dollin,  L  H  Beach,  J  A 
Jaques.  A  S  Fleck,  Mr  Messenger,  Mr  Fevit,  J  Benton,  A  McManey, 
Mr  Lockwood,  Mr  Southwick,  H  M  Curtis,  J  Hotchman,  Dr  Rogers,  J 
Conroy,  Dr  Stansbury,  Mr  McGlynn,  G  Mead,  J  Simpson,  Geo  Belden, 
E  Wells,  M  Babcock,  S  A  Mathias,  F  Geunge,  Capt  Hall,  Mr  Hall,  A 
Sheldlan,  John  Smith,  Mr  Archer,  Mr  Canwick,  J  Y  Halleck,  S  Roch- 
ester, Mr  Kirchner,  J  O  Connor,  Mr  Muir,  B  J  Van  Allen,  Mr  Taylor,  T 
Simpson,  S  Street,  O  tjoodell,  T  Gounge,  L  M  Norton,  M  Clark,  — 
Smith,  Mr  Cronchnor,  Mr  Glynn,  Mr  Palmer,  W  C  Dubois,  G  S  Fleeter, 
Mr  Upper.  O  Jones,  D  H  Hiffard,  W  H  Carrigan,  W  G  Shaw,  A 
Mead,  C  Taylor,  L  Simpson,  Thos  Wardle,  jr,  A  M  Wells,  Carey  & 
Co.  Mr  Andrews,  M  Moran,  Mr  White  and  lady,  Mr  Snyder,  Mr 
Madden. 

Brig  Emery,  sailed  Jan.  25th  : 

B  Yates,  Geo  Dewell,  J  C  Wilds,  G  A  Hornby,  Lyman  Reynalds,  J 
Horton.  J  M  Bagley,  R  W  Thomas,  G  W  Watts.  J  Burns,  L  Thorn,  R 
Thorn,  J  Wilson,  V  Eastbrook,  H  S  Freer,  B  Drumgold,  D  Ferguson, 
J  Martin,  J  Jones,  M  Smith,  W  E  F  Pote,  Wm  McDonnell,  J  M  Smith, 
A  C  Montgomery,  H  A  Blancard,  H  Maslin,  F  Kohler,  Wm  Graham,  P 
Carter,  G  Dodgart,  E  F  Purdy,  G  P  Tyson,  J  F  Smith,  Wm  N  Brunt,  D 
Carey,  T  B  Tompkins,  D  G  Hudgins,  Jn  Allen,  T  Hanford,  J  Drum- 
gold,  G  Andrews,  A  G  Mead,  D  H  Driscoll,  R  Smith.  P  Kohler,  Jn  Wil- 
son, J  H  Smith,  A  Ketridge,  A  Jaimison. 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  447 

Bark  Marietta,  New  York,  Jan,  26th  : 

Caleb  Williams,  A  B  Hoyt,  Wm  Mansfield,  C  F  Dodge,  A  Eiswold, 
H  Hirsch,  N  Schultz,  Wm  Bacon,  B  F  Anderson,  R  M  Tillotson,  N  B 
Starkweathr,  W  Beatty.  R  Gregory,  H  Cosgrove,  S  Ratcliffe,  C  Nutting, 
D  A  Edwards,  T  M  Griffith,  F  V  Stoutenburgh,  J  K  Rose,  E  R  Piatt,  J 
M  Letts,  A  P  Andrews,  T  Weeks,  R  H  Tate,  L  Bauni,  L  Baum,  jr,  J  S 
Reed,  John  Houlett,  P  Leddy,  S  B  Knapp,  Wm  Fell,  A  B  Perkins, 
Chas  Keersing,  W  N  Waites,  J  F  Wardell,  T  Rendall,  Chas  Davidson,  F 
W  Williams,  W  R  Fowler,  John  Allison,  J  Chesebro,  D  Shaw,  J  Izzard, 
E  Cole,  W  Denzeng,  C  Freeman,  H  Sparks,  C  T  Bedell,  W  W  Benet,  A 
Squire,  G  Swan,  W  Daniels,  J  Clark,  J  G  Clark,  D  P  Andrews,  D  Cun- 
uingham,  J  Spear,  T  W  Lowrie,  S  E  Leonard,  D  D  McDonnell,  A  Major, 
B  J  McKinnon,  W  R,  Burns,  W  S  Maynard,  J  Marshall,  G  V  Cooper,  S 
W  Bennett,  F  Cheney,  H  D  Kingsbury,  O  Spencer,  R  Treat,  J  F  Farley, 
jr,  Wm  Farley,  E  Gordon,  S  Gordon,  D  H  Underbill,  Jn  Shepard,  Jn 
Schmidt,  Mary  Paterson,  Walter  Titus. 

Bark  Mazeppa,  sailed  Jan.  27th  : 

B  Pasquale,  B  Cortois,  G  Brown,  W  H  Brown,  John  Sherry,  Parker 
Bissell,  Young,  Hallock,  Guyen,  J  C  Colgate,  W^  Wilson,  E  P  Hoyt,  A  J 
Hoyt,  Francis  Moore,  J  M  Camredy,  W  H  Peck,  Philip  Brady,  Dr  J  R 
Bruckbee,  Newell  Worden,  Rd  Evans,  Francis  Moore,  G  W  Walker. 

Schooner  Laura,  Virginia,  sailed  from  New  York,  Jan  26th  : 

Edson  Adams,  J  W  Wilder,  Pharoah  Tunstal,  Lorenzo  Morgan,  E  A 
Langdon,  R  T  Lawrence,  G  B  Crooke,  John  Coope,  W  F  Burr,  R  C 
Whitlock,  Cantine  Hoes,  Richard  Rhedd,  R  Muir,  J  M  King,  M  Hiller, 
Hiram  Desnn,  Fdk  Macaulay,  M  Fitzgerald,  J  K  King,  Dan  Hiler,  J  K 
Dunbar,  Wm  Ellis,  B  B  Colvin,  Dr  A  A  Macwithey,  M  Connelly,  Fdk 
Bouton. 

Schooner  Decatur,  from  New  York  January  28th: 

Capt  J  C  Morrill,  Mr  Lovell,  B  J  Grey,  D  W  Blacknence,  P  R  Winter, 
Milo  Osborne,  W  H  Griffith,  M  A  Toble,  J  Smith,  Alex  Hunter,  John 
Riritt.  C  C  Griffith,  B  T  Sweet-  S  S  Hart,  J  Donohu.  Dr  A  G  Elliott, 
A  Delatour,  J  B  McGunnigle,  As  Shellenburg,  A  J  Walker,  J  Kendall, 
W  T  Blank,  James  Coats,  S  Histher,  J  T  Van  Tassell,  T  G  Rees,  Mr 
Sperting. 

Bark  Eliza  from  New  York,  January  29th: 

Mrs  Griffin,  Mrs  Arthur,  J  E  Jamison,  J  C  Jamison,  James  Lafore, 
B  Wolfe,  A  J  Smith,  B  F  Browne,  Mr  Foster,  J  W  Adams.  Mr, 
Deys,  J    Kettell,   W   F    Clarke.   G  Brisco,  E  Blackman,  A   Sherman, 


448  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

F  Dimon,  W  S  Pierson,  H  P  Cartwright,  G  G  Eodine,  F  King,  H  Era- 
roord,  J  Clark.J  Dick,  S  B  Jaques.R  W  Bonhill.  S  Roberts,  M  Botsiord, 
E  B  Somers,  N  L  Jackson,  J  Stroll,  J  Hendrickson,  J  Beck,  VV  Burrel.l 
J  Rogers,  G  Poun. 

Bark  Strafford,  Feb.  4th  : 

J  M  Freeman,  F  B  Austin,  O  D  Squire,  C  J  Hulse,  A  Leonard,  D 
Oliver,  T  M  Lewis,  B  Woodward,  G  Meredith,  R  P  Meade,  W  B  Meade, 
J  P  Shannon,  R  Reed,  J  S  Pittenger,  R  Peel,  G  F  Elliott,  R  Donald- 
son, J  Evans,  S  G  White,  W  R  Wheaton,  T  W  Stafford,  W  D  Stafford, 
D  J  Richards,  H  R  Ferris,  E  M  Walton,  S  Watters,  C  A  Bool,  B  F 
Smith,  J  L  Brown,  B  E  Hancock,  D  C  Child,  E  Savage,  F  J  Beard,  D 
Babcock,  W  H  Blawvelt,  D  E  Carpenter,  F  Woodward,  C  W  Cockran. 
J  W  Winans,  J  C  Winans,  J  W  Kilroy,  Z  G  W  Purnell.  T  M  Tingle,  G  H 
Montgomery,  G  W  Phillips,  J  Wortherspoon,  H  N  Squire,  P  Carlton, 
W  A  Spies,  J  M  Flagg,  C  H  Crane,  J  W  Provost,  H  L  Twiggs,  D  T 
Raymond,  H  B  Price,  A  Van  Velson,  J  G  Truman.  H  B  Waddilood,  L 
Hancock,  C  D  Carter,  A  W  Pitts,  E  L  Welling,  S  F  A  Shounard,  E 
Murphy,  Capt  W  L  Coffin,  W  V  Q  Farrand,  Wm  Akers,  S  A  Lyon,  J  S 
Reynolds,  T  H  Patterson,  B  Lawrence,  jr,  W  Tillman,  C  K  Sutton,  J  S 
Cook,  G  W  Mann,  H  M  Raynor,  S  K  Miner,  C  F  Yelverton,  C  C  Flagg, 
G  L  Reynolds,  T  C  Spies,  W  B  Latham,  jr,  H  McCauley,  H  H  Hopkins, 
C  Drake,  H  Wood,  B  Whitcomb,  W  N  Brooks,  R  C  Lessey,  W  F  Leg- 
gett,  Dr  Levinge,  Wm  Russell,  E  T  Jackson,  J  B  Cooper,  P  Verplank, 
M  Burns,  Pk  Flood,  D  Galagan,  J  Spicer,  R  C  Shumway. 

Bark  H.  T.  Bartlett,  Jan.  i8th  : 

H  M  Whittimore,  B  F  Cheeseman,  E  M  Burrows,  T  G  Hahman,  B  F 
Pond,  J  P  Henshaw,  O  W  Moses,  A  W  Fook,  John  Benson,  C  B 
Loomis,  G  W  Church,  C  Bloodgood,  John  Fay,  Jere  Fay,  F  Berkhart,  C 
W  Holden,  Henry  Bates,  Geo  Baker,  E  Rice,  Eugene  Crowell,  Kelsey 
Hazen,  Capt  Derons,  Asa  Thurston,  D  S  Dykeman,  Asa  Prindle,  John 
Sword,  Edwin  Kiersted,  J  Jones,  J  Gorden,  H  S  Taylor,  O  L  Reid,  John 
Smith,  Bent  Dickinson,  G  S  Ramsay,  Fdk  Taylor,  Peter  Fleming,  F 
Smith,  Thos  Brown,  J  J  Bergh,  Brown  &  Johnson,  Francis  Hayne,  F 
Mortiman,  Josch  Deschan,  H  P  Wood,  J  Goodhart,  F  Maguire,  F  Al- 
meida, Jacob  Berner,  J  N  Sylvia,  E  Vickmeyer,  A  Reese,  A  Tacot,  J 
Jean  net,  E  Reaux,  M  Stevens,  V  Bird,  Wm  C  Payne,  Elisha  Taylor,  A 
W  Somerby,  J  B  Burgess,  N  S  Anner,  H  Baxter. 

Ship  Tarolinta,   January  : 

I  Munsel.  H  Mussal.  J  W  Brooks,  W  L  Millard,  .T  C  Butler,  R  Brown. 
Peter  McCloud,  Caleb  Lyon,  J  Winchester,  J  C  Smith,  R  Goodale.  P 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  449 

Hunt,  P  E  C\'priant,  D  Story,  J  Devoe,  Fredk  Jerome,  A  C  Munson, 
Edvv  C  Smith.  N  Wentworth,  R  H  Richards,  E  H  Traux,  W  Thompson, 
J  L  Paul,  Nathl  Miller,  Joseph  Howell,  J  P  Austin,  J  H  Knowle,  W  B 
Known,  E  Woodrull,  Saml  Stevenson,  A  Shell,  R  Jenkins,  G  W  Bryant, 
D  Livingston,  J  V  D  H  Noyes,  Chas  A  Burrows,  J  B  Tyler,  E  Locke,  R 
P  Livingston,  Dr  J  C  Tucker,  Geo  Quackenbush,  Wm  H  Tarboss,  Chas 
E  Chapman.  R  Hockman,  Wm  S  Ford,  Wm  H  Hyatt,  Jas  P  Lawrence, 
"Wm  S  O'Brien,  D  N  Ryder,  Benj  F  Ry  ier,  W  Sharkey,  S  D  Stevenson, 
Wm  Blackett,  D  B  Milne,  R  W  Miner.  G  H  McCulby,  Jas  Killduf,  H  A 
jf  ox,  M  B  Sisson,  E  F  Brundage,  G  Langdon,  Dr  J  P  Phinney,  N  De 
Peyster,  G  S  Gilbert,  Wm  Barr,  J  C  Barr,  A  Stevenson,  Wm  B  Cook,  G 
W  Wheeler,  S  Nelson,  F  S  Hawley,  J  W  Sterling.  D  Stirling.  R  Stirling, 
A  Hubbell,  R  Keeler,  Mr  Conrad,  J  Williams,  C  S  Ward,  T  Bowley,  S  J 
Tyler,  A  De  Witt,  J  Monohard.  Wm  Coddington,  Jas  Newman,  G  N 
Mcintosh,  W  C  Hoff,  D  B  Ewat.  R  Hodgsloon.  W  W  Short,  J  Short,  A 
F  Cox,  G  W  Cox,  E  Hyatt,  J  Hyatt,  M  M  Barolden,  G  B  Dodd,  D  B 
Cook,  W  R  Tompkins,  S  D  Pierson,  W  S  Paynter,  J  H  Cornell,  E  B 
Franklin,  B  S  Hempstead.  T  Southard,  Saml  R  McNevins,  J  Rapalye, 
W  S  Cox,  Chas  Brooke,  J  H  Thesp,  R  J  Powers,  W  O  Smith,  H  S  Pear- 
son, T  W  Lovv^ery,  W  Thorp,  Geo  Morehouse,  J  Ladegan,  A  Berring,  T 
A  Higgins,  Geo  H  Vail,  D  Norcross ;  86  cabin,  38  steerage. 

Passengers  of  ship  Panama: 

Capt  Goodspeed,  Dr  Baldwin,  Salvator  Rosa,  Mr  Jennings,  Louis 
Greshen,  H  Christensen,  M  Mayer,  Mr  Lockwocd,  Mr  Leonard  Mr 
Haritage,  Mr  Hacker,  D  Kittelman,  N  Blakesler,  L  Derundone,  O  M 
Millards,  O  Hochstrasse,  J  Williams,  J  I  Gardner,  Mary  E  Longley, 
E  M  Fay,  M  McCann,  S  A  Whitman,  Capt  Everson,  Mrs  Everson,  J  Mc 
Cann,  J  Pensan,  J  Heinke,  Henry  Riel,  Mr  Slocum,  Morris  Cook,  Caleb 
Beal,  C  W  Smith.  Milton  Greene,  Andrew  Moon,  H  Bownell.  Wm 
Young,  Chas  Holland,  Wm  N  Parkhurst,  Louis  Meyer,  Jacob  Bourns, 
J  Banta,  G  Michell,  Alfred  Tucker,  Wm  Dawson,  J  W  Tucker,  J  Car- 
berry,  Mr  Mann,  V  Bono,  M  Hutchinson.  S  Jackson,  Mr  Waterhouse, 
H  Williams,  D  Decker,  Chas  Williams,  Ed  Dawson,  G  H  Sellick.  T  H 
Ulthofi,  Geo  Bentin,  Mrs  N  H  Leavitt,  L  Polhemas,  James  Smith,  Oscar 
Allison.  John  Spiers,  Wm  Banta,  J  N  Ramper,  O  G  Ayres.  S  Haddock, 
M  Dinslow,  C  C  Freeman,  J  H  Drunett,  T  F  Booth,  H  F  Schoerling, 
John  Stillwell.  D  S  Avery,  Ed  Hope  Raymond  Denier,  L  B  Fish,  L  T 
Baxter,  D  D  George,  A  L  Bristel,  E  L  Aesop,  Alex  Crouthers,  L  Hut- 
chinson, R  Aylesworth,  U  S  Hayden,  Geo  Pearson. 

Bark  Alice  Tarltan,  sailing  from  New  York,  May  21st  : 

Rev  Jas  Woods,  wife  and  3  children,  Chas  H  Tood,  wife  and  child. 
Judge  Geo  W  Macrae,  Wm  H  Davenport,  Geo  S  Hull,  Dr  Chas  H  Bur- 
rell,  Geo  Gorham,  Jas  Kendall,  Catherine  Moore,  Wms  H  Hayden,  Ezra 
Carpenter.  Hy  Joscelyn,  Gilbert  Hills.  Geo  Wilcox,  Wm  S  Moses,  Joseph 
Paige,  Jn  Merry,  Geo  Schaap,  Christian  Seitz,  Gottleib  Zeigler,  Hy 
Eikerkotten,  Wm  H  Rattenberg.  Capt  Joa  Hale,  Eugene  Spencer  Gid- 
eon Tucker,  Robt  Stanwood,  Geo  H  Hutchinson,  Matthew  H  Furmanr 
Wm  J  Hewey.  Jn  Benson. 

Ship  Flavins  (84  passengers'),  sailed  April  2d: 

J  A  Gardner,  W  A  Gardner,  N  A  Gardiner,  Capt  Cook.  Wm  Glad,  M 
Baldwin,  M  Vanriper,  H  Glendening,  J  Wiley,  Wm  Mullen,  G  Lebom- 


450  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

vean,  G  Tice,  Wm  Johnson,  Wm  Ouade,  Mr  Hughes,  Mr  Henry,  N  B 
Hoit.  G  Winship,  Dr  Shaffee,  Mr  Elimondorf,  Mr  Walters,  Jas  Russell, 
Jn  Sherwood,  Kobt  Beardsley,  G  Rheinhart,  J  Ferguson, 

Following  is  the  list  of  vessels  that  sailed  from  the  State  of  Mas- 
sachusetts for  California  in  '49  from  Boston  : 
Ship  Pharsalia  from  Boston  January  28th: 

L  L  Bullock,  Jas  Ganley,  J  C  Hammond,  Thos  Bradley,  N  Went- 
worth,  C  S  Dorr,  W  H  Noyes,  Henr)^  Reed,  F  A  Freeman,  C  B  Rogers, 
Wm  Barstow,  P  H  Kneetle.  C  E  Iddings,  W  G  Phelps,  E  R  Colburn, 
C  P  Staples,  B  Trefethan,  jr,  J  C  Derby,  Alex  McClure,  C  M  McClure, 
Geo  Cox,  H  T  Beckwith,  L  W  Hanson,  H  W  Flint,  B  F  Pike,  J  D  Mc- 
Kenzie,  Wyman  Osborne,  J  F  Simons,  H  L  Bern  is,  Wm  Buttler,  W  M 
Reynolds,  John  Cottrell,  G  H  Reynolds,  Moses  Whitham,  G  W  Rice,  P 
M  Follansby,  C  Follansby,  N  Gerrish,  L  D  Durgin,  James  Fowle,  Sam 
Bailey,  J  Moore,  N  W  Cole,  A  H  Bradford,  G  Gilbert,  S  B  Norris,  E  G 
Fowle,  W  B  Kennedy,  Calvin  Corey,  J  C  Crowningshield,  E  W  Calef,  M 
S  Messenger,  O  H  Perry,  Alonzo  Ridley,  B  L  Larkin,  W  Elkins  M 
Reed,  L  T  Crane,  T  W  Watts,  Wm  and  John  Martin,  Jonas  McGregor, 
John  Goodwin,  M  Bangs,  J  P  Taylor,  P  B  Wood,  S  and  D  M  Locke, 
C  D  Griggs,  Albert  Hamlet,  Roger  Keeley,  J  A  Reidell.  J  Plaff,  C  F 
Loring,WG  Kettell,  S  B  Doggett,  C  PCrowninshield,  James  Littlefield, 
E  R  Stockwell,  I  M  Nelson,  Ben  Haynes,  jr,  T  W  Bailey,  E  C  Rogers, 
A  R  Wallace,  S  W  Craigne,  A  G  Whitton.  John  Rickertson,  E  G  Jefts, 
J  W  Longe,  W  Vinal,  Lyman  Russell,  E  H  Macomber,  Lewis  Webster, 
James  Duff,  Francis  Duff,  G  W  and  G  H  Oram.  Joseph  Putnum,  A  H 
Pettes,  Albert  W^illiams,  G  B  Coffin,  J  L  Lahr,  W  Calson,  S  B  Emorson, 
John  Glidden,Wm  Haynes,  F  A  Stone,  John  Eaton,  Sam  Cowing,  R 
Brown,  Abel  Crane,  Samuel  Strong,  Peter  Jenks,  A  B  Bracket,  H  O 
Bradley,  G  B  Keyes,  Augustus  Lord,  Chas  Murray,  M  B  Lucas,  John 
Chamberlain,  R  R  Pierpont,  James  Taylor,  A  W  Clough,  Amos  Sweet- 
ner,  Josiah  French,  II  E  Dudley,  Robert  Younger,  John  Goddard,  N  A 
Faunce,  N  B  Burgess,  Samuel  Peterson,  G  W  Waters,  Wm  Fowle,  J 
Hanson,  R  W  Glidden,  P  A  Craigue. 

Ship  Areatus  from  Boston,  April  5th  : 

W  H  Halch,  J  W  Wooley,  W  J  Welton,  Ben  Ripley,  Ed  Pearce,  R  B 
Hall,  W  H  Wilson,  W  H  Sawyer,  Enos  Nickerson,  D  McGerry,  J  P 
Trask,  Enoch  Berry,  Theo  S  Lindsey,  N  H  Caswell,  J  P  Nash.  Chs 
Campbell,  B  Gilbert,  Ez  Gilbert,  Jas  Morgan,  E  J  Westcott,  I  G  Finch, 
E  G  Wallace,  G  R  Wilson,  R  McLeod.  J  Tarbox,  Lewis  Proctor,  Jas  C 
Goodwin,  T  C  Poor,  B  Stetson.  T  R  Richardson,  Andw  Conlin,  Jas  A 
Godfrev,  M  S  Bean,  Danl  Plummer,  C  S  Lyons,  Jona  West,  C  J  Foss, 
Snin  Murray,  J  M  Hiller,  M  M  Blood,  J  McGee,  E  D  Smith,  Chs  Beck- 
with, J  R  Bean,Cft  Searle.S  N  Holbrook,  H  McNally,  Ellas  Fisher,  Jno 
Billings,  A  C  Gay.  J  H  Stanlev.  J  O  Draper,  Hy  Dav.  Archie  Waugh.  C 
B  Underbill,  G  L  Smith.  |  P  Donnovan.  SI  Hillgar,  Hose  Booth,  Fkln 
Hadley,  W  Reed,  Alvin  Bixby.  Ths  Stewart.  C  H  Saigeant,  M  S  Sy- 
monds,  Natl  Cheney,  Paul  Chesley.Sim  Chace,  Jas  Hichman,  J  A  Whit- 
nev,  G  L  Winslow.  O  S  Smitli.  Levi  Bigelow,  Moses  Gould,  Otis  Putney, 
J  Campbell.  Chs  Rumsav,  C  H  Chapman,  Joan  Gardner,  R  F  Crowell, 
W  H  Tourtelotte,  Alonzo  Hill,  J  B  Davis,  E  S  Colley,  J  CTownsend, 
Benj  Warren,  J  A  Fowle,  L  T  Melloon,  E  W  Grover.  Andw  Tompkins, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  451 

G  A  Howe,  Geo  Drewry,  J  H  Bigelow,  Leond  Dudley,  B  S  Smith,  Hor- 
ace Wilson,  Jas  Leonard,  S  C  Clark,  Wm  Hill,  Snil  Gibson,  Wni  Mur- 
ray, G  A  Hays,  G  W  Park,  T  A  H  Jackson,  J  W  Pratt,  A  S  Mellin,  W 
11  Kand,  Ellis  Willis,  Saml  Garfield,  Alf  Bailey,  WH  Hager,  Human 
rlunt,  Jos  Hutchins,  F  A  Wood,  Geo  Willard,  Chas  Snow,  Francis 
Wright,  S  G  Janes,  J  W  Copeland,  W  Bowen,  Saml  Rand,  Jos  Crowell, 
Philip  Short,  Nic  Brown,  L)  W  Luther,  B  Austin,  J  H  Kingman,  J  H 
Hartley,  R  A  Savles,  Wm  Hyer,  S  S  Bacon.  E  K  Hutchins,  G  W  Harris, 
Wm  Chesley,  L  J  Phelps,  Fdk  Prince,  W  W  Booke. 

Bark  Azim,  January  28th: 

S  L  Henderson,  C  E  Hunter,  W  H  Louden,  G  S  Gillis,  Thos  White, 
Geo  Shepard,  J  F  Kmg,  Amos  Waring,  A  W  Gilles,  G  F  Remond, 
J  Pettit,  W  H  B  Sanford,  F  R  Brady,  R  G  Cornell,  Wm  Dunham,  B  H 
Talbot,  P  Errickson,  J  Rikkey,  S  T  Ewin,  G  N  Smith,  C  S  Austin,  J  F 
Law,  J  Kenttield,  James  Howell,  T  E  Weed,  J  F  Bamfield,  Geo  Kent- 
field,  D  D  Bullock,  J  H  Reed.  E  C  Russell,  Wm  Birdshall,  J  M  Gray, 
T  W  Brennan,  H  Grisson,  M  M  Witherall,  P  E  H  Dibble,  Wm  Morasay, 
J  B  Dennis,  S  H  N  Dusenbury,  J  McNeill,  Robt  Earl,  John  Leach,  A  C 
Valloton,  S  W  Branard.  Wm  Dennis,  C  H  Shepard,  T  Mooney,  .Wm 
Bishop. 

Brig  Victory  sailed  from  New  York,  January  28th: 

E  Warban,  W  S  Cantry,  John  Helfock,  Edwin  Walsh,  John  Lanning, 
Levi  Hammond.  S  H  Cills,  P  W  Thomas,  Michael  Riley,  A  McKenzie, 
Albert  Walsh,  Geo  Nesbit,  H  Graham,  Fred  Jenks,  M  V  D  Dubois,  J  A 
M  Hamed,  Isaac  Jenks,  Benj  Miller,  Wm  Miller. 

Ship  Apollo,  sailed  January  17th: 

Geo  Shaum,  H  Riley,  C  R  Riley,  W  H  Pegg,  J  D  Prout,  C  Dewitt,  Jas 
Dean,  J  Slade,  J  Bowers,  J  B  Garabrantz,  B  B  Stevans,  S  R  Chagotte, 
Lyman  Dutcher,  B  L  Gunn,  Alfred  Davis,  M  H  Gerke,  G  W  Hammond, 
J  Mathewson,  W  A  Ferguson,  J  A  Drake,  J  C  Caldwell,  T  J  Stevens, 
Danl  Davis,  John  Morratt,  W  W  Ewen,  W  H  Bovee,  John  March,  Chas 
Foot,  G  H  Wells,  J  N  Brackett,  J  E  Carey,  Mathew  Campbell,  John 
Davitt,  Isaiah  Inman,  J  Stokes,  P  Rutledge,  G  Pavenarious,  John  Risler, 
J  E  Sower,  L  P  Watkins,  C  A  Calhoun,  J  B  Ormiston,  W  T  O'Connor, 
D  C  Betts,  J  P  Beach,  I  Fostor,  J  B  Hotalling,  Loomis  Lamb,  Wm 
Stokes,  F  Stokes,  L  R  Leidy,  James  Boucher,  T  Halfman,  J  K  Murphy, 
H  Johnson,  H  Buckingham,  Levi  Strong,  R  C  Moore,  Dr  Ashley, 
A  Beach,  E  Dorsatt,  Wm  Morrells,  Sol  Smith,  Andrew  Smith,  R  Ish- 
man,  Capt  Coffin,  Capt  Bunker,  Capt  Rogers. 

Ship  Eugenia,  sailed  for  Vera  Cruz,  Jan.  19th  : 

D  G  Mulford,  jr,  G  S  Wright,  J  T  Wright,  Wm  F  Nye,  H  Cronk,  Wm 
S  Carpenter,  C  L  Hoag,  J  H  Pratt,  H  F  Smith,  B  W  Mansfield.  Jacob 
Baryaht,  C  A  Clark,  Jas  McGay,  Rbt  Evans,  G  Griswold,  G  Barstow, 
Dan  Burdick,  J  W  Wadleigh,  R  O  Tripp,  W  S  Street,  C  M  Pitcher,  O 
Parmelee,  A  H  Hitchcock,  D  L  Gardiner,  James  Van  Beuren,  Butler 
Coles,  N  C  Culver,  Wm  C  S  Smith,  B  F  Voorhees,  A  W  Gee,  J  P  How- 
ard, H  D  Harrison,  Theodore  Russell.  C  P  Wolcott,  J  Garnossett,  H  W 
Alden,  Israel  Miller,  T  L  Pickering.  R  J  Forbes,  Numa  Lafoy,  F  Law- 
ton.  E  G  Field,  H  V  Carr,  W  S  Johnson,  J  M  Hempstead,  J  Gibson,  A 
C    Bid  well,   W  Hawley,   S   Barker,  J  Warren  Rogers,  D  C  Stone,  G  H 


452  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Bowlv,C  M  Simmons.  II  Blackman,  T  J  Harris,  G  W  Gibbs,  B  W  Bar- 
low, C  £  Gibbs,  CVS  Ciibbs,  J  W  Henry,  W  E  Martin,  R  Winant,  J  At- 
wood,  Geo  Rogers,  Conrad  Nessle,  H  A  Ferret,  R  B  Fordham,  Alfred 
Lawton,  \V  H  Fairchild,  F  Copeland,  I  R  Copeland,  J  Cobb,  1  C  Wil- 
bur, Norman  Crane,  G  W  Hopkins,  E  T  Benton,  L  L  Blake,  |  Musson, 
H  Clock,  E  F  Northam,  H  B  Wheeler,  J  D  Mandeville,  A  E  INIillcr.  G  S 
Broughton,  J  F  Ilutton,  Lloyd  Minturn,  R  F  Allason,  S  A  Meredith,  C 
S  Cooper,  E  B  Carrell,  J  Henriques,  W  H  Gladwin,  Lloyd  A  Rider,  H 
M  Whitmore,  Asoph  Strong,  S  A  Cheney,  C  Mandeville,  C  A  Chase. 
Horace  Porter,  C  F  Dunham,  J  H  Wing,  F  A  Boughton,  H  Giddings, 
A  C  Cable,  G  J  Kipp,  Nathan  Peck,  jr,  A  Turner,  T  J  Agnew,  W  H 
Johnson,  J  Johnson,  W  Van  Duzen,  A  C  Hawcs,  F  H  Sharts,  A  P  Fryer, 
B  F  Peabody,  J  L  Seeley,  E  Eld,  M  Briggs,  W  Carpenter,  J  H  Cornwell, 
O  Fox. 

l]rig  John  Enders,  sailed  Jan.  lyth  : 

Capt  Kingsbury,  W  E  Flavell,  C  R  Hotailing,  J  S  Rice,  H  Arents, 
Wni  Tyack,  E  M  Young,W  Arents,  C  Terhune,  Bent  P,atcs,W  M  Phyfe. 
H  Silverhorn,  W  D  Phyfe,  G  C  Grants,  W  F  Skiff,  R  A  Drake,  D 
W  Kleinhaus,  John  Ebbets,  J  Rogers,  R  Cochrane,  James  Reid,  E 
Reeves,  S  Vallean,  P  R  Vallean,  S  Sommerson,  Paul  Striker,  R  T 
Edwards,  G  W  Chedis,  Levi  Markley  jr,  H  C  Beecher,  J  Clinton,  H  E 
Hall,  E  B  Kingsbury,  D  Demorest,  J  C  Pooler,  Marcus  Cox,  H  Bleeker, 
VV  Sullivan,  A  R  Williams,  J  H  Tuttle,  M  Whittaker. 

A  Company  that  left  New  York,  Dec,  20th  for  California,  via. 
Mexico  : 

J  H  Bolton,  Jn  Nightingale,  Cornall  Bradley,  Rd  Baldwin,  John 
Alexander,  James  Law,  R  B  Morehead,  Isaiah  Lees,  Geo  Howell, 
Joseph  Nightingale,  P  J  Hopper,  T  B  Godden,  D  L  Converse,  C  G  Up- 
dike, C  M  Norcross,  Joseph  Crookes,  J  W  Branch,  John  W^ilson,  Wm 
Price,  J  B  Phelps,  Wm  H  Graves,  L  Marra,  DeWitt  Hamilton,  D  E 
Hungerford,  S  T  Miller,  C  B  Hooker,  J  B  Perazzo,  A  Marshal,  Robert 
Law,  S  C  Grosvenor,  S  S  Haynes. 

Ship  Henry  Lee  sailed  February  17th: 

D  P  Vail,  Dr  E  D  Hitchcock,  E  D  Lucas,  A  H  Mallory,  L  Keith,  J  L 
Hall,  T  S  Erwin,  G  S  Burnham,  J  R  Parsons,  H  Cornish,  H  C  Rich,  J  T 
Latimer,  L  H  Hamlin,  J  A  Griswold,  A  J  Lester,  Fdce  Bates,  J  B  Starr, 
Jas  Buckley.  L  L  Childs,  O  W  Saunders,  Lnzo  Hamilton,  Frdw  Keith, 
A  A  Penfield,  Abt  Adams.  C  Chrisholm,  A  Chrisholm,  W  B  House, 
Eben  Hart  Elias  Bishop,  E  Holebrook,  J  T  King,  S  F  Otis,  Horto 
Fuller,  E  W  Goodrich,  Anson  Wilcox,  S  E  Mills,  Jerme  Godard,  J  C 
Mason,  P  Mc  Clure,  C  P  Smith,  Asher  Hall,  Geo  Farnham,  T  M  Filley, 
T  P  Francis,  W  H  Stuart,  H  G  Judd,  ]  B  Olcott,  W  E  Bushncll,  J  W 
Smith,  B  F  White.  Dd  Knox,  Hy  Case,  J  H  Jaqua,  Mathew  Hale,  J  L 
Watson,  S  S  Rice,  W  A  Buckminster.  H  O  Griggs.  L  McKinstrv,  J  F 
Ladd,  H  A  Hawkins,  G  P  Kellogg,  J  W  S  Peck,  G  C  Raincy,  M  R  Hart, 
J  II  Hart,  W  B  McClintock,  Jn  (Jilman,  Horner  Fuller,  S  P  Sumner, 
Joe  Smith,  B  F  Ely,  E  T  Crane.  E  P  Mather,  Jas  Lcmav.  Frank  Bolles. 
AS  Starkweather,' Hy  Burnett.  O  W  Mills.O  M  Drake,  Hy  Prindle,  J  P 
Hamilton.  J  C  Hutchinson,  F  C  Wilcox.  J  W  Russell.  G  W  Dewey,  S  K 
Marsh,  J  N  Swectland,  S  F  Squires.  T  B  Ellenwood,  J  S  Rice.  R  Youn^,,'. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  453 

J  V  Bisscll.  G  \V  Arnold,  E  Moody,  C  M  Holbrook,  J  R  Gilbert, 
H  Stoughton,  G  G  Webster,  G  H  Fisher,  C  F  Fisher,  A  Colton,  C  K 
Dougheity,  Chas  Hewlett,  D  W  Osbornes,  A  L  Otis,  G  C  Dole,  H  T 
Havers,  Rev  O  F  Parker,  Dd  Halkitt,  Fdk  Marsh,  Seldon  Maynard,  LH 
Bacon,  Geo  Cotton,  W  H  Gardiner,  W  B  Dickinson.  W  A  Burke. 

Bark  Rolla,  sailed  January  17: 

I  G  Walters,  J  S  Willets,  M  Chichester,  T  F  Pruden,  T  Guillander, 
C  Cantield.  Thos  xMarshall,  D  A  Gorham,  J  J  Roberts,  H  M  Weed,  E  R 
Nichols,  Wm  Wetmore,  J  C  Thompson,  \V  B  Osborn,  E  G  Barton,  I  H 
Knowlton,  G  T  Deforest,  Wm  Cowley,  Wm  Williams,  John  Williams, 
J  T  Smith,  J  K  Beekman,  James  Vantine,  G  M  Troutman. 

Schooner  Olivia  sailed  January  i6th: 

J  K  Witherell.  L  R  Mills,  R  W  Vansickle,  J  P  Rittenhause,  J  Pease. 
Wm  Fish,  W  E  Keys,  T  C  D  Olmstead,  E  Boyles,  VV  Van  Sickle,  E  Van 
Sickle.  Capt  Paulsen,  Dr  Tinker,  W  Ottiwell,  Ed  Cook,  C  Tinker, 
W  Mcintosh. 

Following  is  a  list  of  members  of  the  Bay  State  and  California 
Trading  Co.,  passengers  of  the  Brig  Alamena,  from  Boston,  arrived 
in  San  Francisco,  July  '49; 

Jas  C  Derby,  F  H  Eastman,  G  Walcott,  C  B  Houghton,  |  H  Tweed, 
E  S  Darling,  J  Garfield,  A  Holmes,  A  G  Richardson,  G  W  Forristall,  H 
A  Whiting,  E  C  Fogg,  Chas  French,  Dr  K  Hill,  H  W  Latham,  W  W 
Moore,  Capt  J  C  Lincoln,  E  Eldrege,  Wm  C  Downs,  Geo  Nye,  C  C 
Lawrence,  C  T  Whittier,  J  Harrington,  G  Crocker,  P  Edwards,  Jas 
Storer,  H  Windsor,  B  Hill,  Geo  Skinner,  Capt  Luce,  Geo  Haynes,  S 
Vincent,  Mr  Marston,  J  Bailey,  Chas  Snell. 

Bark  from  Boston,  Feb.  22: 

Saml  Dunn,  C  F  Adams,  jr,  W  W  Davis,  Fes  Foster,  H  P  Willis,  C  A 
Downer,  Newl  Adams,  F  E  Bliss,  Wilson  Whittier,  C  S  Fay,  T  E  Dorr, 
Orin  Dolbier,  J  L  Chaplin,  N  P  Rice,  W  H  Moores.  Alonzo  Kinsley,  Rd 
Wilkinson,  C  A  Denny,  T  W  Everett,  Dr  Fdk  Heywood,  Di  W  J  Hen- 
derson. 

Ship  Duxbury,  from  Boston,  Feb  9th  : 

Jn  Dowling,  S  M  Keith,  J  M  White,  R  C  Bacon,  K  Reiser,  C  Reiser, 
O  F  Smith,  Chas  Skillings,  Saml  Kendrick,  F  L  Sargent,  C  A  Upton, 
Hy  Way,  J  Critcherson,  jr.  WEB  Andrews,  C  A  Bernard,  L  Wheel- 
wright, W  H  De  Coster,  Rd  Clements.  N  E  Howe,  A  Marshall,  E  D 
Shed.  Chas  Bailey,  H  P  C  Loring,  F  C  Loring,  J  P  Lunt,  Moses  Heath, 
G  W  Pennell,  Wm  Stewart,  Dan  McNiel,  W  B  Hastings,  D  R  Kenny, 
Chas  Litchfield,  Isaac  Miller,  I  Underwood,  ]',  .\.  S  Smith,  S  C  Moore, 
J  J  Wentworth,  Mr  and  Mrs  Kinney,  R  K  Matsby,  J  W  McDonald,  M 
Gallagher,  Wm  McLeod,  Wm  Munroe,  Thos  Cooper,  Jonathan  Ogden, 
Thos  Haves,  S  R  TreviU,  E  Leavitt,  jr,  Jos  Hudson,  N  Hudson,  Wm 
Harper,  W  M  &  C  G  Carr,  H  Elvelbecht,  Fdk  Reeve.  Hy  Glade,  D  M 
Pierce,  S  Colsen,  M  T  Moore,  T  H  Colby,  Rev  B  Brierlv,  H  L  Sand, 
J  A  Merriam,  A  J  Kimball.  L  Mansfield,  J  M  Clark.  T  P  Bartlett.  A 
Morris,  Dan  Howard,  L  Crosby,  O  B  Stanley,  Col  J  T  Bowler,  J  A 
Clark.  Sml  Fenbv.  G  W  Coats,  Wm  Gardiner,  S  F  Weeks,  J  Adams, 
Jn  Brierly,  A  A  Wood,  J  M  Moor,  J  S  Burns,  G  W  Rand,  R  B  Thomas, 


454  THE  ARGOXAVTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

H  S  Loveland,  C  F  Putnam,  G  B  Nuden,  Dr  Burdell,  Vale  Nutter,  Jere 
York,  Horace  Manson.  Gilman,  Vickery,  Wm  Vickery,  Jacob  Remie, 
H  R  French,  Chas  Dunn,  Cyrus  Dunn,  Geo  Bolton,  J  N  Frazer,  S  P 
Whipple. 

^  Ship  Capitol  from  Boston,  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  July,  '49  : 

J  Roach,  Capt  T  Proctor,  G  H  Bradbury,  J  Staples,  W  Barry,  P 
Thorp,  Rt  Fallon,  I  Titcomb,  R  Titcomb,  J  Penniman,  G  M  Elsworth, 
Chas  F  Rogers,  H  B  Walker,  H  M  Brocket,  G  F  Tannett,  Jas  P  Allen, 
Dr  G  H  Whitmore.  J  M  Wallace.  G  W  Woodbury,  J  Wellington,  W  C 
Rush,  S  Smith,  S  Putman,  G  M  Quint,  R  Comforth,  Wm  H  Batchelder, 
H  W  May,  L  C  Brooks.  S  N  Dickinson.  H  Russell,  Augs  Hoke,  G  W 
Jones,  Jas  Jackson,  F  Ward,  E  D  Hobbs,  11  P  Smith,  G  W  Radcliff,  G 
A  Dodge,  I  S  Foster,  G  W  March,  T  Darborn,  D  Q  Morrill,  W  A  Gregg, 
N  H  Wood,  J  Langdell.  Q  A  Terrill,  J  E  Young,  J  Stickney,  J  P  Thur- 
low,  C  W  Landes,  M  Chase,  N  Thurlow,  R  C  Colby,  R  Cook,  J  H  Page, 
H  Moody,  S  Thurston,  W  S  Hobbs,  C  W  Cockran,  W  J  Towne,  J  Ryan. 
E  Ryan,  H  Ortman,  C  Snyder,  Lewis  Goodall,  T  H  Lovering,  J  Cock- 
ran,  J  Ketredge,  A  J  Chase,  Wm  Sims  and  wife,  J  W  Sims,  G  Fenno,  S 
M  Stone,  S  M  Riggs,  G  M  Knights,  F  H  Price,  S  Whiting,  T  V  Whit- 
ing, G  H  Stone,  Wm  Lewis,  O  W  Gore,  J  C  Whitmon,  O  Chatfield,  J 
Chard,  J  Schools,  S  Fletcher,  S  D  Cunningham,  G  Harris  and  wife.  J 
Egan.  H  M  Graves,  A  C  Smith,  D  J  Kimball,  N  D  Johnson,  F  W  Field, 
P  Maraspin,  D  W  Smith,  Thos  Cain,  J  Cotter,  J  Dean,  Jno  Mason,  B 
Shins,  T  H  Tompkins,  R  Revalyar,  C  R  Baker,  G  Lewis,  T  Watson,  S 
D  Caldwell,  C  R  Jackson,  J  Tompkins,  J  Blaney,  H  Taylor,  J  Thomp- 
son, Wm  Hames,  James  A  Cove,  H  Logan,  CF  Tronure,  S  Fletcher,  jr, 
John  Murray,  J  McDonald,  W  H  Conant,  J  Stewart,  L  Patch,  L  C 
Patch,  J  A  ChalTee,  J  P  Chamberlain,  A  E  Putney,  C  P  Stephens,  A  E 
Arnold,  W  T  Hubbard,  S  Elliott,  H  Mygatt,  E  T  Potter,  H  Williams,  A 
Wheelock,  E  Leland,  P  K  Lcland,  G  Ladd,  S  Flanders,  J  Winslow,  J 
Horner,  F  B  Moon,  R  K  Hamm,  C  B  Williams.  C  Courier,  G  WGerry, 
J  Adams,  A  Perrin.S  H  Sanford.Wm  Cutler,  T  Potter,  Capt  T  Atwood' 
J  A  Young,  J  Hersey,  T  S  Wood,  O  E  Covell,  R  S  Wardrobe,  J  J  Marey. 
E  J  Hayden,  S  Lord,  J  D  Chapman,  J  M  Saunders,  C  Brewster,  L  K 
Adams,  E  J  Houghton,  B  P  Stevens,  E  Burrill,Wm  McKay,  C  A  Dunn, 
C  J  Zanvoldt,  T  French,  D  Buckford,  G  E  Luzarden,  G  Burns,  A  E 
Stetson,  R  Ball,  H  Lazelle,  Wm  Holden,  John  Still,  John  Cockran,  D 
Hines.  F  Knights,  A  Richardson,  B  C  Palfry,  J  Sanborn,  H  W  Carlton. 
Wm  W  Haley,  M  D  Draper,  W  W  Hardy,  S  Jones,  J  Emery,  T  E  Page. 
H  W  Gardner,  F  L  Farnsworth,  L  F  Haywood,  F  Howard,  C  C  Hosmer, 
E  Frost,  J  E  Warriner,  H  Buckland,  B  Buckley,  J  D  Egan,G  F  Tamah, 
H  M  Brackett,  J  N  Haynes,  J  B  Wasson,  F  P  Swett,  B  F  Williams,  A 
Chase,  R  Ashcroft,  L  F  Baker,  T  Milzard,  jr,  R  Patten.  L  Thomas,  Dr 
Vanelstin,  B  F  Whitmore,  T  A  Morris,  W  W  Carnes,  E  Roome,  J  Jeffery, 
D  Lacke,  A  Edminster,  A  TufTts,  J  W  Carnes,  W  R  Taylor,  H  Hubbard. 
H  Walker,  L  A  Gould,  T  Tibbitts,  J  Beckit,  D  T  Lathrop,  J  Merrill  O 
Merrill,  jr,  R  S  Thomas,  P  Tliomas,  J  M  Thomas,  R  Greenman,  Wm 
Lyman,  E  Campbell,  C  Stackpole,  J  Pendley,  D  M  Oakes,  Thos  Bray. 

Members  of  mining  company  from  Boston,  March  22,  overland, 

Major  J  Webber,  Major  NAM  Dudley,  Col  Darling,  Mr  Leominster 
Otis  Stevens.  Chas  Pevear.  R  C  Nichols,  Dr  Robinson,  Wm  Nichols; 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  455 

J  K  Cowan,  Wm  Walker.  Oliver  Welch.  F  K  S  Shed,  Dd  Hall.  J  N 
Pevear,  G  Hall,  Jos  Cracklin,  W  D  Clark.  B  H  Freeman, Chas  Mathews, 
N  \V  Crossman,  S  lidgcrly,  Jn  Tollman,  T  VV  Palmer.  D  A  Hogdcn. 
ChasCorbett,  T  W  Hyde,  H  F  Hyde,  Luthur  Stone.  Dd  Allen,  G  VV 
Smith,  Capt  A  Crane,  A  K  Thurner.  Jos  Collins,  Frank  Legate.  G  S 
Darling.  J  P  Tyler,  G  C  Tyler,  I  S  Hawkins,  T  F  Davist  G  C  Parsons, 
G  L  Coburn.  Sylvs  Page. 

Brig  Canonicus  from  Boston,  April  ist: 

Capt  J  S  Martin,  Chris  Godfrey,  — Wessenthall,  — Judkins,  Leml 
Lyon.  W  C  Perkins,  F  D  Craft,  N  J  Howard.  A  W  Carlton,  C  H  Davis 
F  B  French.  E  A  Kent.  B  Schlesinger,  G  H  B  Devoll,  F  A  Snow,  D  W 
Neal.  H  Bense,  E  H  Tileston,  Ed  Prescott,  E  F  Woodward,  N  Kimball, 
G  L  Davis,  E  F  Emerson,  C  E  Hill,  T  Marsh,  J  S  Osgood,  C  W  Collins. 
Ezkl  Doane,  J  S  Farrington,  Jacob  Amee,  J  G  Ames,  W  A  Oilman.  Dr 
Thos  Barker.  J  H  Emery,  J  R  Larrabee,  E  Edwards.  Wm  Woodward. 
E  N  Woodward,  H  W  Birkhead,  Ed  Levine,  H  N  Tilden,  S  K  Harwood. 
J  D  Wilson,  C  Lyon,  J  D  Clark,  Angus  Eastman,  Erasto  Foss,  E  M  Jew- 
ett,  Wm  Cogswell,  C  M  Atherton,  Robt  Dunlap,  Alex  Carson,  Chancy 
Gould,  A  C  Stewart,  C  R  Wyman,  W  Jones,  R  L  Camden. 

Brig  Ann  from  Boston,  May  ist: 

H  H  Smith,  J  K  Gardiner,  I  F  Ryan,  S  P  Burnham.  J  C  Grafton, 
Lorenzo  Lawton,  Wm  Austin,  Dr  Jno  May,  Mtloem  Stuart,  Edgar 
Humphry.  H  Peeler,  J  W  Rice  Wooage,  J  Cheever,  T  C  George,  Enoch 
Strout,  Jas  Nalan,  Jno  Donald.  Ed  Thornton,  Reed  Walsh,  Jas  Lowery, 
E  Short  and  H  Long,  W  T  Thompson,  Thos  Winthrop.  Jonthn  Hop- 
kins. Jno  Goodrich.  Thos  Sheridan.  Jno  Sweeney.  T  W  Southard.  W 
Benton,  Dunbar  Averill,  D  L  Smith,  Geo  Goodridge.  H  Hassen.  J  P. 
Longee.  J  C  Taber,  Wm  Allison,  H  B  Thomas,  H  L  Blake,  F  O  Smith, 
F  E  Lufkin,  Jno  Smith,  W  H   Bailey. 

Ship  Jacob  Perkins,  sailed  June  2d. 

E  F  Baker,  Jno,  Raynor,  F  G  Fitch,  Thos  Rogers. 

Brig  C.  J.  Dow,  sailed  June  loth. 

J  Towle  wife  and  two  children,  Mrs  Eayres  and  child,  R  I  Wade,  I  E 
Eaton,  Thos  Austin,  Hy  Wort,  G  R  Ramsey,  H  W  Decker,  Capt  Bray, 
J  N  Hovey,  E  D  White,  E  Sanderson,  M  H  Walker,  Mrs  Stetson. 

Bark  Sacramento,  sailed  June  19th. 

A  G  and  F  S  Balch,  J  W  Palmer,  Dan  Martin,   J  V  Lawrence. 

Ship  Henry  Ware  sailed  from  Boston,  Oct.  '49,  arrived  in  San 
Francisco  March,  '50  : 

E  A  Ingalls,  F  B  Mower,  S  K  Newcomb,  E  E  Hawkes,  A  H  Burrill, 
Chas  Smith,  M  C  Willet,  Simon  Frost,  J  H  Kimball,  H  Howe,  Geo 
Howe,  G  C  Hervey.  f  R  Russell,  J  B  Burrage,  A  Hartwell.  Gen  H  San- 
derson, C  S  Robinson,  J  R  Taylor,  W  H  Stearns,  Chas  Holland,  R  W 
Lord. 

Ship  Daniel  Webster  from  Boston,  Sept.  23d  : 

Joseph  W  Payne,  Edward  Wardwell,  Wm  Cole.  C  H  Wardwell,  Wm 
W  Rust,  jr,  J  P  Fowler,  wife  and  2  children,  John  Baker,  Geo  Babson,  R 


456  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Saunders,  A  Sweetland,  J   L  Ackernian,  J   W  Ross,  George  Russell, 
Henry  Whinnery,  J  R  Rundlctt  and  Daniel  Roby. 

Ship  North  Bend  from  Boston,  Jan.  17th  : 

W  J  Warren,  Chas  Ames,  Richard  Pahner,  D  C  Stocking,  Addison 
Swallow,  J  Cogsgrove,  Morrill  Weber,  Wm  Kennedy,  J  I)  Hagnail,  H 
Garcelon,  J  G  Butler,  H  Hunter,  John  Page,  Wm  Patten,  Mr  Ellis.  I  G 
Pearson,  John  Keath,  G  G  Brooks,  A  Arkerson,  Wash  Edwards,  J  Q  A 
Otis.  H  Hunter,  John  Williams,  C  Robbins,  W  Bcmis,  A  K  Winslow, 
Olis  Hammond,  C  N  Smedley,  S  Crane,  H  H  Sawyer. 

B  ig  Josephine  from  Boston,  Jan.,  22nd  : 

Danforth  White,  Dan  Johnson,  Wyman  Streeter,  A  L  Loring,  A  Bul- 
lan,  Donald  Letcbre,  N  D  Vay,  Allen  Lefebre,  J  Sweeney,  J  B  Cutts, 
Dan  Bruce,  W  H  Shirley,  James  Brown,  J  M  Bassett.  Ruel  Perry,  J  B 
Brown,  G  W  Cloutman,  James  Fox,  Mathew  Gegan,  R  K  V^dughn,  B  M 
Grossman,  P  McCuskie,  John  Quinch,  John  Crook,  Danl  Sanburn, 
Brown  Winship,  T  B  Johnson,  D  T  Winslow,  P  H  Sweney,  James 
Sweney. 

List  of  passengers  who  sailed  in  Bark  Carib,  from  Boston,  Dec, 
31,  1848,  arrived  in  San  Francisco  June  23,  1849  : 

Winslow  Hall,  Abiel  W  Sheppard,  Jas  R  Foster,  Lucius  B  Sanborn, 
Henry  W  Severance,  Grenville  H  Child,  Chas  Lombard,  Jotham  How- 
land,    Fred    P  Smith,   Thomas   Bates,   Hiram   Webb,  Otis  Webb. 

^   Ship  Fa] ward  Everett  from  Boston,  arrived  July,  1849: 

John  Alexander,  E  P  Abbe,  B  R  Abbe,  Horatio  Appleton,  C  N  Bourne 
C  W  Bradbury,  J  C  Butler,  A  J  Baily,  J  B  Bridgman,  David  Booyer,  P  W 
Brock,  G  W  Bonney,  J  A  Benton,  Jas  Briard,  James  L  Bates,  S  P 
Barker,  J  A  Baxter,  T  J  Bryant,  W  H  Bugbee,  S  W  Bradford,  Nath'l 
Bunn,  J  G  Bourne,  C  P  Collins,  Abel  Carter,  F  F  Culver.  P  N  Collins, 
G  H  Campbell,  J  E  Church,  W  S  Colby,  G  A  Curtis,  A  E  Creecy,  S  A 
Caldwell,  J  E  Dix,  Horace  Downs,  L  A  Davis,  John  Dean,  Nicolas 
Delin,  David  Drover,  John  Drew,  W  A  Egery,  F  F  Egelston  J  Eaton, 
G  H  Fogg,  G  F  Folson,  A  J  Ford,  H  B  Flagg,  Wm  Freeman.  O  A  Fos- 
ter, E  French.  J  M  Farwell,  iVm  B  Farwell,  Lucius  Flagg,  Ed  Fyoze, 
H  P  Farnum,  A  W  Gove,  J  E  Gove,  Geo  iriggs,  |  Goodridge,  Isaac 
Groves,  Joseph  Goldman,  [as  Griswold,  Levi  Hubbard,  Benj  Van  Horn, 
L  E  Hathem,  Hiram  Higgins,  C  Holbrook.  W  N  Hart,  E  Haskell,  John 
Heckler,  A  L  Hutchinson,  L  Harrington,  J  W  Horner,  A  E  Hoyt,  C  D 
Ingraham,  Enoch  Jacobs,  W  E  Jenkins,  W  L  Knox,  N  W  Knowlton, 
S  S  Kendall,  D  Kenard,  James  D  Kelley,  L  R  Lull,  Cvrus  Long,  J  H 
Lord.  J  Lombard,  F  W  Leman,  L  R  Mears.  D  S  Morrill.  V/  H  Moore, 
James  Macavoy.  M  M  Nye,  Jnmes  Nye,  Wm  Noyes,  Joseph  Nolan,  N  L 
Owen,  A  C  Owen,  J  L  Ottignon,  A  H  Otheman,  jr,  Bart  Otheman, 
Geo  Phillips,  E  G  Pike.  J  E  Pcttingill,  A  N  Proctor,  C  B  Phelps,  C  P 
Price,  J  \V  Paine,  S  D  Parker,  Lewis  Powers,  jr,  A  H  Powers,  Jos 
Pratt.  A  L  Perkins,  Ostend  Poland,  T  W  Parsons,  J  E  Pearcy,  J  B 
Robinson,  Timothy  Rix.  W  A  Richardson,  G  J  Read,  E  Robins,  J  F 
Stors,  M  D  Spalding.  G  H  Sawyer  E  Sibley,  Henry  Smith,  S  B  .Storms, 
S  S  Shaw,  T  S  Strout,  O  P  Shaw,  T  J  Smith,  W  (i  Stone.  L  Towne, 
W  II  Thames,  C  S  Towle,  L  B  Upham,  G  C  Williams,  D  L  Williams, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  457 

Henry  Woods,  S  D  Wingate,  Wm  Wells,  Carlos  Waite,  A  D  Waldron, 
James  White,  E  F  Washburn,  J  C  Whipple,  H  Weston,  N  H  Webster, 
C  O  Wilson,  J  E  P  Weeks.  James  Wilson,   A  S  Wilson. 

^  Ship  Charlotte,  from  Boston,  March  5th  : 

G  H  Green,  Peter  March,  J  R  Connell,  G  W  Lewis,  G  W  Parsley,  S 
H  Keane,  S  R  Godfrey,  Geo  Danforth,  G  W  Bowker,  Mtw  Wasson, 
Thos  Reany,  G  W  Grant,  M  M  Birdsall,  Dan  McGowen,  Jn  Green,  SI 
Darton,  N  P  Roberts,  Jas  Ritchie,  Jas  Miller,  Thos  Corey,  J  S  Warren, 
R  S  Kitridge,  P  C  Corey,  Wm  Luby,  N  C  W^oodman.  J  H  Williams,  G 
H  Jones,  H  C  Manson,  G  L  Murdock,  G  W  Janverin,  Lafayte  Chap- 
man, Harrison  Sanborn,  Aug  I  Tirrell,  Wm  Wiswell,  B  C  Wattles,  W 
H  Derby,  S  C  Lewis,  A  P  Reid,  E  A  Rich,  E  H  Tarbox,  Wm  Bassell, 
S  E  CoUyer,  Thos  Stevenson,  Wm  Blanej',  Jn  Dyer,  G  H  Sprague,  S  D 
Blanchard,  Edn  Stanley,  Chas  Winton.  W  H  Homer,  B  Darling,  J  P 
Hobart,  Dd  Wasson,  L  B  Lewis,  M  Skelton,  Fdk  Quinlow,  Robt  Pep- 
pard,  N  R  Benedict,  J  L  Brown,  W  K  Erskine,  Eugn  Wright,  A  K 
Perry,  G  W  Woods,  E  M  Smith,  Robt  Parsons,  Orldo  Gale,  Stphn  Sar- 
gent, Freemn  Marshall,  Frank  Walker,  M  L  Whitney,  Jas  Parsons,  Wm 
Morgan,  G  H  Fessanden,  N  L  Thomas,  Geo  Lamson,  Jos  Hartwell,  Jas 
Bolton,  Geo  Bolton,  W  K  Lambert,  D  D  Veazey,  S  D  Jones,  Jeremh 
Perkins,  Thos  Dixon,  E  D  Hitchins,  J  B  Benedict,  G  W  Currier,  E  R 
Fisk,  P  Parker,  jr.  H  S  Soule,  Horace  Bucklin,  J  B  Sturtevant,  Saml 
Adams,  W  Reine,  L  E  Gove,  H  Weymouth,  J  B  Sturtevant,  J  Locharz, 
C  W  Jacques,  A  Wellington,  C  W  Gibson,  jos  Getchell,  E  N  Bowen, 
Hy  Lawrence,  J  P  H  Wentworth,  J  B  French,  P  R  Rooney,  F  S  Strat- 
ton,  Alfd  Stedman,  J  I  Fuller,  H  &  J  B  Kingsley,  J  W  Haskell.  R  B 
Walsh,  W  J  Thurston,  Jas  Butler,  S  B  Poor,  Wells  Smith,  N  A  Doane, 
G  K  Whitehouse.  Geo  Tapley,  Chas  Perkins,  E  H  Brown,  W  H  Car- 
penter, C  O'Neil,  Samuel  Adams,  W  Payne,  L  E  Gove,  H  Weymouth,  G 
B  Sturtevant. 

Bark  Edward  Fletcher,  from  Boston,  March  5th  : 

J  Turner,  C  F  Shattuck,  C  H  Valentine,  Wm  Heyden,  —  Kimball,  J  A 
Carroll,  J  B  Nutter,  Thos  Hill,  J  H  Baldwin,  W  H  Otmsbee,  B  Atwill, 
Jn  Gault,  Geo  Tirrill,  S  H  Jones,  Wm  Gavett,  J  O  Standish,  C  R  Kil- 
ton.  Jn  Bayzan,  B  F  Reed,  Dd  Dunlap.  G  D  Fiske,  H  M  Smith,  Z 
Briggs,  S  B  Canterbury,  TW  Ingalls,  E  F  Farwell,  Ansell  Biesse,  E  A 
George,  G  B  Bradford. 

Bark  Emma  Isadora,  from  Boston,  March  30th: 

Stephn  Cusick,  J  P  Fletcher,  Lonz  Giles,  Wm  Aikin,  J  H  Wilkinson, 
Andw  Riley,  Dan  Francis,  Trumn  Flower,  Lewis  Sage,  A  R  Coburn, 
Jos  Green,  Ephm  Sawyer.  S  A  Hall,  Ephm  Roberts,  C  H  Hall.  G  F 
Culbertson,  H  G  Pitman,  F  E  Ruggles,  Adam  Eliotr,  Wm  Pray.  Fdk 
Sanderson,  L  F  Sanderson,  D  B  Newhall,  W  C  Stone,  Josiah  Watson,  A 
M  Withey,  jas  Shepherd.  A  E  Nichols.  G  E  Moore,  Reuben  Shaw, 
I  G  Kittridge.  Oscar  Burbank,  Ja  H  Whiting.  Jn  Sturgis,  F  A  Bright- 
man,  A  H  Stevens,  Ben  Flagg,  H  W  Emery.  Aaron  Winslow,  Sylvs  Jud- 
kins.  Philo  Chamberlain,  E  A  Dunlap.  Danl  Kendrick.  Chris  Atwood, 
Jn  Staples,  C  F  Weeks,  Jos  Wilson,  Derson  Wilson,  Calvin  Smith,  Jas 
Mitchell. 


458  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Brig  Taranto,  from  Boston,  March  30  : 

A  Bovier,  W  A  Legg,  Dr  Z  S  Booth,  R  M  Waldron,  C  E  Small,  D  H 
Rice,  J  F  Cloutnian,  W  F  Somerby,  J  &  H  Shaw,  H  M  Underwood,  G 
Kercher,  J  S  Gould,  W  Hancock,  B  F  Briggs,  J  Fletcher,  J  Gordon,  F 
Sumner,  H  C  Stowell,  H  Shaw,  G  S  Gould,  J  Gould,  P  Jones,  C  S 
Flagg.  T  T  Bartlett,  H  W  Chafer,  S  Bowen,  P  Larkin,  A  Warren,  G  P 
Rust,  J  Koskin,  E  Brown,  G  Lewis,  F  McGuire,  E  West,  F  W  Robin- 
son, N  Wartruss,  S  B  Blanchard,  C  Burlingame,  W  A  Wilcutt,  D  W 
Poor.  L  Downs,  H  Thomas,  S  Dickerman,  G  Ward,  W  G  Rider,  W  Mor- 
rison, J  S  Willuughby,  G  W  Sager,  A  J  Tuck,  J  C  Bullins,  B  Swazy, 
M  King,  Z  Cushman,  J  C  Currell,  S  Jameson,  W  Bumstead,  C  H  Hill, 
J  H  Barbour,  S  S  Weston. 

Ship  Frances  Ann,  from  Boston,  April  17th: 

H  H  Hazen,  Josh  Bates,  Theo  Harris,  J  K  Wellington,  Jn  and  Peter 
Haskins,  E  S  Pepper,  Stephn  Putnam,  MrsS  Putnam  and  two  children, 
Thos  Snow,  Lot  Peach,  Thos  Meek,  Jos  L  Hesley,  Jn  Haggerty,  Wm 
CoUamore,  Wm  Hall,  P  Badger,  F  O  Donogh. 

Bark  Orion,  from  Boston,  arrived  in  San  Francisco  May,  1850: 

Capt  H  C  Bunker,  Wm  T  Becket,  J  Malony,  Wm  H  Allen,  S  Bourne, 
E  H  Besse,  G  Barrell,  W  L  Bracket,  J  Bixby,  H  L  Bradley,  Hrs  H  C 
Bunker,  T  S  Bunker,  S  Burgess,  Dr  J  A  Burns  and  wife,  G  Clearelang, 
W  Corcorran,  F  Coburn,  J  C  Childs,  T  Darby,  M  Denegan,  J  R  Den- 
nis, Wm  Duff,  G  W  Hersey,  Wm  Harvey,  J  Doherty,  T  Digman,  C 
Davis,  J  L  Dimmick,  C  W  Dimmick,  S  Draper,  E  A  Emerson,  S  J  Eld- 
ridge,  O  Eldridge,  J  A  Eldridge,  D  G  Eldridge,  P  Farrell,  A  Flint,  E  J 
Foster,  E  Gage,  S  Goodwin,  A  L  Greely,  Jas  A  Grant,  A  C  Goodwin,  C 
Hawkes,  E  B  Hardwick,  E  F  Hartson,  S  F  Hamlin,  A  G  Haines,  F  H 
Jenkins,  E  Kingsley,  E  Kingsley,  jr,  F  Lavery,  C  Laws,  B  S  Lawrence, 
F  D  Lawrence,  W  B  Mclntvre,  O  B  Mclntyre,  I  Moulton,  F  D  Moores, 
H  McGuire,  E  W  Nash,  S  Nye,  Z  H  Oliver,  F  T  Philips,  J  Philips,  D 
Perkins,  J  Q  A  Parker,  F  Pope,  M  Ralph,  C  H  Ricard,  VV  Richardson, 
F  H  Robinson,  E  Robinson,  S  Robinson,  jr,  J  H  Robinson,  jr,  L  W  C 
Robinson,  E  N  Robinson,  M  S  Sawtell,  J  C  Shepard,  C  A  Shepard,  H 
Stewart  and  wife,  J  Spence,  G  Spence,  F  Sears,  B  F  Swift,  W  T 
Thatcher,  J  A  Taylor.  J  O  Wiley,  I  W  Ward,  M  D  H  Ward,  I  M 
Ward,  J  L  Webster,  Mrs  Wheeler. 

Ship  Nestor,  from  Boston  : 

Enoch  P  Fuller,  Theodore  Littlefield,  Jesse  Norcross,  John  Hayman, 
jr.  Thomas  D  Hooper,  Stephen  W  Richardson,  James  Nelson,  jr,  John 
W  Bickford.  Wm  Ireland,  Nathl  Nelson,  Alexander  Nelson,  S  S  Swa- 
sey,  Bcnj  Fuller,  Samuel  Fuller,  Enoch  Fuller,  Jacob  Nay,  Samuel  Nay, 
John  Hill,  David  Kelley,  John  Ball.  William  Russell,  Edwin  James,  Anna 
Bickford,  Mary  H  Richardson,  Mrs  Nelson,  Francis  Hovey,  John  Jones. 

Ship  Reindeer,  from  Boston,  Nov.  22d,  1849  : 

Charles  G  Howard,  M  Talbot,  M  Toomey,  Lawrence  Carr,  M  Ryan, 
James  Tenney,  Edmund  Kimball,  E  T  Jewett,  Wm  N  Jewett,  Geo  W 
Stone,  N  Woodbury,  Samuel  Jackson,  George  M  Henry,  F  E  Abbott,  O 
L  Whiting,  H  L  Langsford,  J  W  Roberts,  Ira  Mason,  W  F  Downes,  S 
W  Clark,  O  M  Wardwell. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  459 

Ship  Cordova,  from  Boston,  Sept.  26th,  1849  • 

Win  H  Brooks,  John  Felt,  F  W  Randall,  Benj  F  West,  Wm  J  Lunt, 
Samuel  P  Williston,  John  R  Mansfield,  John  Baker,  James  Stetson, 
Joseph  A  Willis,  William  P  Haskell,  Ephraim  Lord,  Henry  A  Farnum, 
Thomas  G  Symonds,  Joseph  Stephens,  jr,  Richard  Dowst,  George  U 
Symonds,  S  F  Huber,  Charles  Gardner,  James  Morden,  Wesley  Dowst, 
—  Corkary,  —  Fairfield,  Moses  F  Patch,  Hiram  P  Hardy,  Wm  P 
Haynes,  Isaac  M  Hardy,  John  C  Cook,  Samuel  S  Williston. 

Ship  Harriet  Rockwell,  sailed  from  Boston  September '49,  arrived 
in  San  Francisco  February,  '50  : 

E  L  Willard,  L  DeBonneville,  E  A  Willard,  J  McCay,  A  Southworth, 
W  B  Saville,  T  Hastings,  G  B  Dinsmore,  N  Dingley,  J  N  Danforth,  G 
M  Bancroft,  C  O  Muzzy,  S  Hawes,  W  Flanders,  D  Saville,  A  Curtis,  J 
B  Smith,  C  G  Rozier,  C  O  Oberge,  J  S  Curtis,  A  Todd,  E  Todd,  H  Doty, 
C  Barnes,  G  York,  C  Tucker,  Lorenzo  Dow,  G  F  Chase,  W  H  Collins, 
B  Stockwell,  L  Goodwin,  G  H  Greely,  I  S  Lee,  S  Sherman,  C  Turner,  B 
Whittier,  H  Soule,  Wm  Stockton,  S  A  Marshall,  F  Upton,  C  M  Nehl- 
don,  J  W  Smith,  C  F  Willis,  W  C  Crispin,  E  G  Spear,  F  Merrifield,  P 
M  Baldwin,  T  Murray,  D  F  Ward,  L  Whiting,  W  Folsom,  H  Grant,  J 
A  Hollowell,  I  Barker,  R  Smith,  A  Stockwell,  J  H  Ginter,  J  P  Wheel- 
er, R  Underwood,  S  Kinsley,  J  C  Pinkham,  Wm  Read,  H  Lewis,  G 
H  Mann,  C  Saunders,  G  Nichols,  B  E  Eaton,  S  P  Fish,  C  Fessenden, 
J  D  Bennett,  J  H  Hastings,  G  Harrington,  J  Collins,  S  S  Prime,  H 
Zottman,  D  Sherman,  S  Stockwell,  Dan  Parker,  J  W  Putnam,  O 
Cooper,  John  Hall,  M  Walkers,  G  P  Haven,  L  Richardson.  A  Stock- 
well,  B  W  Jenks,  Jeremiah  Ladd,  G  H  Mann,  E  F  Pope,  S  Herrick,  O 
W  Tucker,  C  Jackson,  W  B  Lever,  G  Rockwell. 

Ship  New  Jersey  from  Boston  May  ist  : 

Capt  Boss,  J  C  Pelton  and  wife,  H  Bryant  and  wife,  D  and  M  Shep- 
herd, F  Faxon,  F  uingley.  Rev  C  A  Farley,  J  Ross,  S  S  Eaton,  B  J  Beal, 
M  B  Lucas,  A  Spear,  A  Mellow,  D  Taylor,  A  Lynn,  B  Boynton,  W  H 
Hardy,  R  C  Marsh,  Jesse  Morrill,  Safd  Towers,  Ed  Cardell,  J  no  Patch, 
F  C  Hanson,  J  Coffin,  Rev  Blen  Dyer,  Dr  C  Gibbs,  R  P  Boss,Wm  Snow, 
A  S  Crocker,  Robt  Griggs,  Frank  Jones,  J  T  Buntin,  H  M  Wadsworth, 
Asa  Walcott,  L  H  Colburn,  C  F  Cheney,  J  C  Heath,  H  C  Lea,  E  J 
Mann,  H  O  Byram,  G  G  Trull,  Rsn  Tifft,  Olney  Dodge,  Austin  Thomp- 
son, A  G  Hastings,  I  Spaulding,  G  B  Lawrence,  Chas  Blood,  S  P  Wood, 
W  H  Shelden,  CGriner,W  H  H  Hall,  J  L  Foster,  C  A  Stevens,C  E  Blood, 
L  Morse,  J  C  Gleason,  J  B  Grant,  J  Plympton,  B  G  Folsom,  Jos  Meers, 
G  H  Webster,  Jackson  Reed,  Lewis  Morrill,  R  Gove,  T  R  Bailey,  G  N 
Scott,  Albt  Keith,  Jas  Taft,  Jonah  Williams,  Jno  Ayres,  G  N  Fiske,  H 
Wheeler,  Jos  Reilly,  G  F  Rogers,  L  D  Smith.  Mr  Driver,  J  B  Cole,  Jno 
McDonald,  Z  W  Smith,  D  L  Swain,  J  B  fames,  W  E  Crowell,  Jona  Crow- 
ell,  Leml  Neil,  J  A  Southworth.  C  F  Walcott.  T  Dyer,  W  W  Reed,  J 
C  Alden,  T  J  Weeks,  G  P  Morrill,  .Tas  Hooten,  Augs  Reed,  T  P  Mer- 
rill, R  and  W  R  Merrill,  J  H  W,  L  G,  L  F  and  H  Merrill,  N  H  Pike,  Hy 
Hooten,  J  H  Depaux,  L  F  Tarbett,  W  S  Bartlett,  J  E  Kitts,  Tim  Chil- 
lis, D  L  F'age,  Josh  Sargent,  R  W  Knox,  G  Bickford,  C  J  Evans,  Danl 
Choate,  J  S  Williams,  Jos  Dunn,  R  R  Woodbury,  W  H  Hill,  C  Rich- 
ardson, J  C  Bemis,  Jno  Fiske,  G  W  Atkinson,  D  P  Ring,  R  H  God- 
dard,  Royl  Boston,  Jno  Hogan,  L  Gillson,  C  Tappan,  E  B  Leach,  S 


46o  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Buel,  B  A  Goldsmith,  J  M  Ginn,  W  F  Sibley,  M  Rehfish,  C  C  Par- 
sons, A  R  Richardson,  C  M  Kemp,  D  H  Morrill,  Mr.  Frost,  G  W 
Hobby,  O  W  Brandenberg,  J  Shadd,  J  L  Fiske,  J  Hunnewell,  P 
Clowry,  J  A  Meyer,  W  French,  F  Winn,  Thos  Emery,  Ur  T  Welsh, 
W  H  Bartlett,  S  Whitney,  W  E  Johnson,  C  Hewitt,  J  Cash,  W  A 
Melvin,  Jason  Richardson,  D  A  Mowry,  A  Dennison,  B  Haley,  A 
Burke,  W  J  Bryan,  Alphons  Benson.  B  F  Cross,  S  S  Green,  5  Libbey, 
J  Besom.  J  Harty.  Jno  Adams,  Sml  Goddard.  N  A  Gordon,  G  A  Bai- 
ley, S  P  Gilman,  T  H  Borden,  H  Fernald.C  T  Stumke,  C  T  Eshandit. 

Bark  Maria,  sailed  from  Boston  January  joth: 

J  G  Thaver.  Aug  Thayer,  J  W  Draper.  W  B  Gould,  J  S  Bacon.  J  E 
Stickney,  A  Keith,  F  S  Mahoney.  Wm  R  Reed,  M  A  Parkhurst,  C  Oli- 
iver,  Chas  Gay,  S  H  Marsh,  S  G  Hand,  L  Dunbar,  G  D  Wyman,  Chas 
Everbesk,  D  B  Lathrop,  Jas  Harding,  G  H  Davis,  J  A  Brazer,  Jno  Mas- 
ters. 

Ship  Forest,  January  loth,  from  Boston  : 

J  O  Adams,  G  W  Adams,  J  W  Allen,  L  F  Baker,  D  Matheson,  S 
Crane,  D  Pettingill,  R  Furnace,  H  Barhdt.  1  Hilton,  P  Hall,  Warren 
Woodward,  T  A  Kimball.  J  McNab.  Lyons  &IIunt,  R  W  Nixon,  W  H 
Clark,  J  M  Austin,  Geo  Taylor,  H  M  Chase,  J  Bradbury,  Wm  Moulton, 
B  Wentworth,  J  Carr.Way  Bacon, —  McMaster,  H  D  McNab.  Andrews, 
Budlong,  Gove  and  Simmons,  J  F  Bailey.  I  F  Heath.  Jos  Langley, 
W  Rantcliffe,  John  Morrison,  Abel  Briggs,  jr,  Joshua  Hunt,  Levi 
Smith,  G  W  Lake. 

The  following  company  started  from  Boston  through  Mexico  to 
California  : 

E  A  Paul,  C  F  Reed,  Jonathan  Gavett,  Chas  Liscom,  G  A  Baker, 
C  W  Gleason,  T  H  Haskins,  C  Austin,  J  L  Reed,  E  L  Kitridge,  J  H 
Fickett,  T  M  Gridley. 

Brig  Mary  Wilder  from  Boston  January  28th  : 

D  H  Goff,  R  Gilliland,  H  D  Adams,  E  S  Case,  Jabez  Atwood,  W  C 
Case,  J  S  Saunders,  Henry  Pierce,  J  H  Plummer.  S  R  Edwards,  E  H 
Slocum,  D  D  Farnham,  H  E  Coverdale,  ALP  Calvin,  Earle  F"lint,  D 
A  Liblev,  Geo  Pierce,  Scott  Lapham.  J  Larrabee.  G  W  Brown,  H  A 
Chase,  W  L  Skinner,  W  A  Bunker,  W  W  Babbitt,  A  E  Graves,  jr,  M  S 
Scott,  A  Scott,  M  G  Kelly,  H  J  Smith,  L  Bunker,  L  Bugbee,  J  C  Lord, 
Nathan  Flanders,  Ben  Nickols,  Mr  Beck. 

Schooner  Boston,  sailed  January  27th  : 

I  W  Dunham.  H  J  Shurtleff.  Dr  B  Shurtleff.  O  W  Craig,  G  D  Hale, 
jr,  W  H  Wallace.  D  Hardy,  W  W  Poole,  C  B  Manning.  Howard  Clark, 
Philip  Fiske,  H  Noyes,  N  Collins.  W  Pratt.  C  Merrill.  E  H  Pratt,  L 
Morrison,  Thos  Bond,  Geo  Fredricks,  L  Hathawav,  Asa  Higgins,  J 
Guille,  Jas  Cole,  J  Barry,  Orlando  Ware,  W  W  Powers,  B  H  Welsh,  Ed 
Bradley,  C  P   Kimball. 

Ship  Regulus  from  Boston,  Feb.  24th  : 

J  A  Broback.  A  S  Southworth,  C  C  Phelps,  A  R  Kelly.  G  C  Ward- 
well.  A  F  Hawes,  E  M  Sparks,  Wm  Fish,  C  H  Lewis,  W  H  Quigley, 
Solmn  Stoddard,  J  C  Smith.  S  G  Everett.  Miles  Sweeney.  J  H  Buftord, 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA,  461 

C  M  Drew,  Melvin  Mathews,  F  P  Knight,  G  H  Hayden,  Isaac  Brooks,  A 
B  Weaver,  B  S  Wright,  L  R  French,  Luke  P>icknell,  J  H  Howard,  C  W 
Richardson,  S  D  Leavitt,  C  H  Melclier,  Wm  Stewart,  W  H  Kendall,  A 
F  Bryant,  Mr  Gillis,  1)  S  Cobb,  J  H  Tombs,  W  Stanley,  A  Robinson,  J 
G  Smith,  Marshl  Howe.  J  M  Andrews,  Jerome  Foster,  Can  Lewis, 
Nathn  Lynde,  jr,  Dan  Bradford,  J  Barrell,  C  H  Hayden,  C  L  Smith, 
Thos  Southworth,  G  W  Slade,  Wm  Stillwell,  L  P  Fiske,  W  A  Brown,  W 
A  Bowen,  Fdk  A  Waldron,  Stphn  Patty,  Danl  Usher,  Wm  Brown,  G  S 
Hall,  J  T  Thurston,  Edwn  Lee,  J  W  Martin,  Cyrus  Libbey,  W  F  Ox- 
nard,  Alfd  Flanders,  E  A  Sawyer,  J  O  Currier,  G  H  Backman,  Jock 
Allen,  J n  lohnson,  J  D  Carleton,  Chas  Burlingham,  J  Walker,  W  F 
Ellenwood.  W  Murphy,  J  W  Barri,  Warm  Lane,  W  M  Parker,  W  B 
Worthley.  Ben  Osgood,  Thos  Williams,  Ephm  Brown,  E  L  Pattergill, 
H  Snow,  E  M  Clark,  F  Felives,  Hy  Tibbets,  Stphn  Clapp,  Wm  Clapp,  F 
B  Hawes,  Alphs  Woodbury,  T  W  Sargent,  J  Clark,  Chas  Langford,  J  L 
Smith,  Pat  Kirwin,  E  F  Hazelton,  Chas  Lilley,  C  A  Warner,  T  B  Brad- 
ford, C  E  Bryant,  J  A  Cox,  G  E  Capron,  Geo  Robins,  H  B  Beals,  W  H 
Beals,  J  L  Howe,  Lucius  Hawthorn,  J  P  Brown,  Chas  Allen,  Lafayte 
Hawes,  E  L  Valentine,  Lelnd  Howe,  A  I  Gould,  Dr  Moses  Hill,  W  L 
Fish,  Jaros  Jewett,  J  D  Shafter,  A  E  Rogers,  A  C  Rogers,  C  W  Phelps, 
J  Moore,  Joel  demons,  Zach  Brainard,  G  W  Wilson,  J  H  Tase. 

Brig  Emily  Farnham,  sailed  July  15th  : 

Harrington  Osgood,  Mrs  Mary  Osgood,  |as  Timmins,  M  B  Kelley,  Jn 
Tucker  and  wife,  Rufus  Coffin,  J  R  Perkins,  T  &  G  A  Russell,  Mrs 
Nancy  Russell,  T  P  Swain,  Alex  Chase,  Wm  Patton,  J  P  Sheldon,  J 
Jewett. 

Schooner  Roanoke,  sailed  July  17th  : 

W  N  Shelley,  Hy  Williams,  Wm  Cole,  G  M  Josselyn,  C  Kirketop,  P 
W  Bell,  C  I  Hillburn,  M  R  Sylvester,  W  H  V  Gallup,  Isaac  Leonard,  Hy 
Haste,  Geo  Bartlett,  Fdk  Morton,  J  E  Sever,  Rusl  Bourne,  W  B  Joselyn, 
Lwnce  Panton,  J  E  Gushing,  H  H  Barstow,  Phens  Pettengill. 

Bark  Bostonian  sailed  July  22nd  : 

M  P  Hubbard,  T  B  Gushing,  W  M  Elliot,  R  S  Hinckley. 

Bark  Canton,  July  21st  : 

A  J  Burrill,  Wm  Bennett,  Meln  Jellison,  A  H  Bonney,  D  C  Jellison, 
S  J  Lord,  Jas  Leighton,  H  N  Whitcomb,  A  P  Bonney,  J  H  Joy,  A  K  P 
and  Sol  Squire. 

Brig  Helen  Fiske,  sailed  July  26th  : 

Albt  Chapman,  Isaac  Barstow,  Nathn  Simonds,  Wm  Hutton,  A  W  W 
Lovering. 

Brig  Sea  Eagle,  from  Boston  March  5th  : 

Bendt  Anthone,  Ed  Burke,  B  K  Bancroft,  J  H  Burnham,  Wm  and 
J  M  Baldwin,  Hy  Bancroft,  Philip  Bailey,  N  W  Bickford,  E  A  Bailey, 
A  S  Crowell,  D  G  Corliss,  E  C  Corliss,  S  B  Corliss,  S  P  Carpenter,  W 
W  Draper,  H  H  Doten,  Jno  Dodge,  J  A  Eaton,  L  D  Flanders,  G  H  May- 
hew,  J  no  McLeish,  Greely  Merrill,  J  II  Morrison,  E  B  Parker,  Marvl 
Parker  SI  Robbe,  G  L  Rollins,  A  L  Shaw,  Asa  Frizel,  Amos  Tillebronn, 
H  F  Farrington,  Geo  Fuller,  E  S  Hooles,  S  S  Hurd,  F  D  Stinson,  Seth 


462  THE  ARGOXATITS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Simmons,  A  W  Salsbury,  Jothan  Salsbury,  Jlhn  Taylor,  Jacob  Town- 
send,  R  G  Wait,  Darius  Wellington,  H  H'Wheeler,  G  B  Smith,  Nathl 
Ward,  Geo  Cox,  Thos  Haskell,  Caleb  Hathaway,  Geo  Holliday,  Jos 
Hicks,  Elsha  Harmess,  H  E  Holland,  S  F  Ireland,  A  G  Johnson,  G  W 
Johnson,  S  F  Lurvey,  J  F  Locke,  G  A  Locke,  Josh  Littlefield,  Hy  Col- 
ston, T  W  Williams,  Peter  Ward,  L  E  Buckman,  SI  Harris,  Luther 
Lock,  Josh  Hughs,  Rd  Brown,  C  W  Symons,  T  H  Williams. 

Bark  San  Francisco,  from  Beverly,  Aug.  15th,  1849  • 
Thomas  Remmonds,  John  G  Butman,  Andrew  Larcom,  jr,  James 
Brown,  Washington  Stott,  Calvin  Wallis,  George  Whitmarsh,  Isaac  W 
Baker,  Benj  Rogers,  Samuel  O  Gallop,  Tracy  P  Wales,  Wm  O  Good- 
1  idge,  Wm  J  Dodge,  Edward  A  Perry,  Luther  Haskell,  Daniel  Wallis, 
Thomas  D  Davis,  Isaac  Wallis,  W^illiam  Rowell,  Charles  Pickett,  Liver- 
more  Whittredge,  jr,  Edward  Woodberry,  2d,  Emery  P  Lummas,  Charles 
H  Perry,  Albert  Perry,  Joshua  Carrico,  Ezra  A  Ellingwood,  Geo  R 
Crawford,  Josiah  F  Bennett,  Benj  W  Foster,  W  Swaney,  Jacob  Barker, 
W  A  Perkins,  Joseph  S  Wyman,  Jacob  Webster,  Joseph  Blake,  jr,  John 
Knight,  2d,  Joseph  W  Clark,  William  Foster,  A  Wentworth. 

Brig  Christiana,    from    Beverly    August    i6th,    1849  : 

David  Dodge,  Zebulon  W  Davidson,  David  Wharff,  Alexander  Allen, 

Daniel  J  Haskell,  jr,  Wm  Chapman,  Wm   H  Farnham,    Samuel  Jelly, 

Chas  Woodbury,  Wm  Pond. 

Ship  Sweden,  from  Boston  March    ist,   1849  • 

Capt  Cotting  wife  and  son,  E  P  Cotting,  Guy  C  Goss,  Chas  J  P  Wix- 
well.Dr  L  B  Elliott,  A  T  Wilson,  Mrs  AT  Wilson,  CCarter,  IH  Lindsey, 
I  L  L  F  Warren.  L  Snow,  C  A  Poor,  T  G  Wells,  G  Hagen,  T  E  Hatch, 
R  Hatch,  O  Dickenson,  D  N  Wright,  B  F  Holmes,  A  D  Dale,  L  Buck- 
minster,  Nathl  Plympton,  I  R  Plympton,  J  McAllister,  jr,  J  W  Campbell, 
Xath  L  Revere,  Wm  Revere,  W  C  Pillsbury,  G  A  Gregory,  W  B  Lenand, 
R  Knowles,  A  Bicknell,  B  Gowen,  G  Bailey,  T  Towns,  J  C  Gurnett,  J 
R  Kellev,  Wm  Ordway,  R  Loveday,  R  Loveday,  jr,  T  L  Prescott,  G 
Porter,  C  R  Pike,  A  F  Rowe,  C  H  Strout,  J  H  Stearns,  S  \V  Haskell. 
P  Wall,  W  W  Stickney,  J  G  Burdett,  E  Colson,  G  Nason,  P  R  Moore, 
G  W  Moore,  E  H  Locke.  G  W  Tasker,  R  Howard,  T  W  Patten,  L  C 
Packard,  R  C  S  Ballard.  P  Wright,  J  B  Hadlock,  B  B  Rand,  C  W  Per- 
kins, S  P  Perkins,  L  J  I)  Fraittas,  F  Williams,  W  Morse,  Benj  Tufts,  F 
P  Leathe,  E  L  Teele,  J  P  Thayer,  L  D  Load,  A  Reed,  B  M  Clvnch,  C 
H  Smith,  M  J  Lord,  Geo  C  Moore,  B  B  Norton,  J  M  Sharpe,  J  W  Mer- 
rill. J  S  Pearson,  F  Wood,  W  H  Elliott,  A  Hopkins,  H  P  Osgood,  S  W 
Gaifan,  L  Langley,  J  Miller,  jr,  S  Fellows,  J  P  Thayer,  S  Hay,  J  D  Em- 
c.son.  I  Cracker,  R  BuUard,  O  D  Blancon.  W  H  'Ready.  I  Edwards, 
Evan  Cram,  S  L  Burn,  N  B  Puffer,  B  H  Burrill,  J  Collins.  E  B  Rumrill, 
L  D  Davenport,  M  I^  Coggswell,  J  H  Rand.  .1  Scott,  Wm  Jones,  J  R 
Head,  H  R  Taylor,  J  H  Gordon,  A  Loker.  L  H  Poole,  C  H  Burrell,  J 
Holmes,  H  H  VVorley.  T  A  Twist,  W  S  Skelton,  E  Litchfield,  F  Morse, 
E  li  Currier.  E  A  Mcintosh.  J  Tolman,  A  VV  Swett,  (}  E  Baleman,  J  B 
Moore,  J  R  H  Dorrance,  J  (jarrett,  G  P  Webster,  J  M  Kelton,  J  S  East- 
man, S  A  Nevers,  L  D  Ellis,  J  Carpenter,  G  W  Parker,  W  M  Hussey,  W 
J  Clough,  W  Kerney,  A  Allen,  T  Cartwright.  Geo  Gragg,  L  L  Treadwell, 
1  O  Parker,  J  S  Matthews,  Geo  K  Goodwin,  Francis  Hartwell,  Benj 
Bailey,  Wm   Tileston,  J  M  Drew,   P  J  Bolan,  J  J  Downers,  B  Bunton, 


THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA.  463 

J  H  Buxton,  A  F  Benson,  D  C  Watts,  II  D  Freeman.  H  V  McClurc,  H 
Mason,  O  Wyman,  C  E  Stratton,  S  P  Montgomery,  J  R  Miller,  J  Uon- 
ner,  J  Potter,  C  A  Arns,  G  II  Cooper,  J  H  Smith,  R  F  Patten,  Thos 
Parker,  J  ^  A  Ballow,  G  \V  Ballow,  G  C  Russell,  Miles  Jewett,  Henry 
N  Preston,  J  H  K  Barbour,  Wn;  Jay.  Geo  Nelson,  Reuben  McClaslin, 
Anthony  DcLay,  John  Fletchjr,  John  Robinson,  John  F  Chase, Andrew 
Miller,  Gregory  Bernaso.  (Jeo  Meserve,  Francis  McCaston,  Sam  Rum- 
rill,  John  Williams,  Lewis  L  Cunder,  Lady  of  Cunder,  Andre  Ayres, 
Alex  J  Goodman,  Augallan  Fostard,  J  Gaffery,  Alex  DeGillman,  H  J 
Mason,  John  Clorise. 

Following  are  the  names  of  I'ioneers  who  sailed  from  the  Island 
of  Nantucket  in  '49  for  California  : 

J  W  Clapp,  C  C  Morton,  A  J  Morton,  R  Mitchell,  C  E  Mitchell,  C  O 
Swain.  D  C  Steward,  F  C  Coflin,  Chas  Luce,  Chas  Cottle,  W  S  Cath- 
cart,  Ed  Gomley,  Benj  Folger,  Alex  Coffin,  W  F  Sheiman,  William 
Horsfield.  C  S  Wver,  N  G  Chase,  W  E  Sherman,  C  A  Swain,  Thomas 
Jenkins,  S  M  Swain,  Alex  Paddock,  B  Winslow,  W  H  Harper,  Arthur 
Cooper,  Dr  J  B  King,  J  H  Gibbs,  T  F  Mitchell,  Wm  Summerhays,  E  W 
Hiller,  J  H  Russell,  B  F  Folger,  3d,  J  M  Bunker,  Geo  Rice,  Chas  Wood, 
Wm  C  Pease,  A  C  Mitchell,  Arthur  Coffin,  Edwin  Pease,  C  H  Cothn, 
Joshua  Bunker,  Benj  Mitchell,  J  T  Metcalf,  Caleb  Field,  G  W  Wright, 
J  C  Palmer.  Albert  Field,  H  C  Worth,  C  W  Cook,  Josiah  C  Swan,  C 
F  Hussey,  W  C  DeFreese,  B  C  Starbuck,  B  F  Swain,  C  A  Worth,  G  F 
Starbuck,  Mrs  B  C  Starbuck,  J  B  Starbuck,  Saml  Barney,  G  C  Gardner, 
J  M  Gardner,  E  R  Huntington,  Mrs  S  Barney,  Mrs  J  M  Gardner,  W  B 
Gardner,  P  C  Pinkham,  Chas  Fosdick,  G  C  Mitchell,  J  C  Mitchell,  O  C 
Bunker,  B  Bunnell,  James  M'Guire,  Rev  J  Brown,  T  Pinkham,  F  B 
Folger.  C  B  Gardner,  G  C  Sheffield,  R  Calder,  C  B  Chadwick,  C  B  Macy, 
R  H  Macv,  W  M  Barrett,  Ferdinand  Ewer,  J  Meader,  T  B  Meader,  E 
W  Coffin,  C  C  Coffin,  D  C  Baxter,  T  W  Riddell,  H  P  Crffln,  T  C  Gard- 
ner, John  Ellkins,  Alvin  Fisher,  E  T  Wilson,  G  A  Lawrence,  W  H 
Wert,  C  F  Winslow,  Timothy  Crocker.  H  H  Jones,  C  C  Mayhew,  Man- 
uel Simmons,  D  W  Wood,  E  R  Wood,  Reuben  Cleveland,  C  F  Swain, 
Jas  M  Russell,  R  S  Easton,  D  C  Swam,  J  W  Macv,  Laban  Coffin,  Frank- 
lin Folger,  G  R  Folger,  John  Crosby,  J  C  Brock, 'O  C  Hussey,  H  Rus- 
sell, G  Folger,  A  J  Sanbury,  D  Eglinton,  W  B  Coffin,  J  Montgomery,  D 
N  Drew,  C  H  Tuck,  Uriah  Russell,  B  C  Saver.  Wm  G  Chase,  R  R  Cong- 
don,  A  C  Russell,  G  S  Clark,  H  W  Derby,  A  Swain,  R  B  Joy.  J  S  Rus- 
sell, G  Fitch,  jr,  Wm  H  Dodge,  D  B  Chase,  Barzillia  Rav.  J  F  Macy, 
John  W  Folger,  W  C  Bunker.  G  W  Coleman,  B  F  Coffin  3d,  F  B  Pinkham, 
F  W  Chase  2d,  G  F  Hammond,  C  W  Gaveman,  C  H  McCleave.  D  B  Swain, 
L  Mackim.  C  M  Ray,  E  M  Folger,  F  A  Hussey,  A  f  Fuller,  Wm  H  M-icy, 
Wm  Worth,  Thos  Brown.  Reuben  Barnev,  Wm  R  Coleman.  Wm  Flas- 
ket, H  C  Fisher.  Wm  P  Hillen,  B  J  Coffin,  J  O  Fisher,  Fredk  Hoeg,  S 
T  Wood.  JasS  Worth,  P  Folger  2d,  J  Sturgess.  Dan  Bigelow.C  D  Pink- 
ham. Wm  Carnes,  Isaac  Swain,  David  Sprague,  C  R  Fisher,  Josiah 
Gardner,  David  Bennett,  Hiram  Bailey,  T  G  Barnard. 

Pioneers  who  arrived  in  California  on  the  Fanny,  from  Nantucket, 
in  February,  '50  : 

John  Morrisey,  R  B  Parker.  Chs  Cahen,  James  Thompson,  P  C  Brock, 
Wyman  Bradbury,  Alex  Whippey,  Elisha  Doane,  V  Biddell,  Geo  Worth, 


464  THE  ARGONAUTS   OF   CALIFORNIA. 

J  Hinckley,  R  S  Smith,  T  S  Sayer,  J  B  Coffin,  R  D  Maxem,  Alex  S  Joy, 
C  F  Macy,  C  F  Brown,  H  Fitzgerald,  B  R  Burdette. 

Ship  Martha  from  Nantucket,  arrived  in  San  Francisco  1S49  : 

E  M  Hinklcy,  Isaac  Gardner,  Wm  C  Doman,  B  R  Weeks,  W  A  Folger, 
M  Furbush,  1)  I  Swain,  O  Coleman,  Wm  H  Raymond,  Rt  Lee,  Horace 
Sylvester,  J  E  Elliott,  J  F  Worth,  Oliver  James,'P  B  Coffin,  Alex  Ray- 
mond, G  W  Keene,  J  B  Morse,  Thos  Derrick,  J  P  Clesby,  J  B  Whippey, 
S  C  Harris,  A  H  Dennison,  E  G  Clark,  Wm  Keene,  J  W  Hallet,  F  Lau- 
rence, F  C  Gardner,  E  S  F'olger,  P  M  Coffin,  W  L  Coffin,  R  B  Gardner, 
G  G  Macy,  J  G  Thompson,  Paul  Bunker,  C  G  Cash,  J  T  Sylvia,  H  J 
Turner,  J  W  Watson,  R  Gillespie,  H  J  Starbuck,  J  F  Coffin,  A  S  Coffin. 

Ship  Manchester  from  Nantucket,  arrived  in  San  Francisco, 
June,  '50  : 

Job  Coleman,  C  Barnard,  James  Pitman,  J  Upham,  Wm  Fisher,  Al- 
fred Folger,  G  H  Barnard,  B  T  Morris,  G  W  Sandford,  J  A  Ray,  C  R 
Manter.R  I  Coffin,  E  C  James,  F  H  Ray,  D  R  Coleman,  Obed  W^orth, 
J  F  Barrett,  Elijah  Pease,  Geo  Allen. 

Ship  Citizen  from  Nantucket,  arrived  in  San  Francisco  June  '50  : 
O  C  Coffin,  N  F  Coffin,  J  Barrett,  F  P  Starbuck,  Geo  Worth.  Ichabod 
Backus,  R  Swain,  Wm  G  Coffin,  C  H  Hussey,  Thos  King,  Geo  Clark,  B 
W  Chase,  R  F  Macy,  Arnold  Chase,  T  W  Macy,  Obed  Smith,  Lot 
Palmer,  Simeon  Jenkins,  J?hn  Scott,  W  C  Folger,  G  K  Long,  John 
Crowell,  Gilbt  Coffin,  3  Hodges,  J  R  Ouinell. 

Ship  Scotland  from  Boston,  arrived  in  San  Francisco  ALiy  -50  : 
B  T  Folger,  Obed  Coffin,  C   Barrett,  S   Snow,  Chas  Worth,  Reuben 

Cressey,  Shubell  Russell,  G  W  Chase,  Francis  Worth,  E  A  Pease,  Abram 

Ewer,  Edmond  Folger,  W  C  Folger,  A  W  Chase. 

Ship  Japan,  from  Nantucket,  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  '49. 

H  Bigelow,  S  Bunker,  A  D  Bunker,  R  C  Chace,  Geo  Coleman,  F  B 
Smith,  S  S  Pinkham.  A  C  Backus,  R  S  Thompson,  John  Luce,  O  C 
Luce,  Edgar  Lovell,  J  Sylvia,  J  Francis,  E  \\  Worth,  Timothy  Bigelow, 
Ed  Baldwin,  Howard  Smith,  T  Montgomcr)^ 

Brig  J.  E.  Butler,  from  Nantucket,arrived  Nov.,  '49. 

F  F  Gardner,  Peleg  Ray,  J  W  Bates,  S  Sherman,  T  J  Remelaw,  L  D 
Fisher,  E  H  Fisher,  Moses  Fisher,  J  W  Fisher,  G  B  Coffin,  J  C  Fish, 
Warren  Fisher,  W  B  Grant,  D  M  Aetlington,  J  B  Whittins,  G  G  Aet- 
lington,  Cornelius  Homer,  W  B  Swain,  W  B  Bunker. 

Ship  Sarah  Parker,  from  Nantucket,  arrived  in  San  Francisco 
Nov.,  '49: 

G  H  Cathcart,  J  C  Coffin,  N  Parker,  C  C  Macy,  Alex  C  Pinkham, 
W^m  Bruce,  Chas  Wilson,  John  Francis.  Lewis  Bell,  Wm  James,  Jas 
Clothier,  G  C  Pinkham,  Geo  Enos,  H  C  James,  C  T  Meader,  G  C 
Allen,  Allen  Smith,  Job  Briggs,  A  P  Jones,  Wm  O  Myrick,  E  Coles- 
worthv,  J  Colesworthv,  Shubael  Hussey,  Paul  Clewsby,  M  C  Pinkham, 
Augs  Osborn,  V  J  Swain,  1  G  Smith,  t  H  Cannon,  G  H  Andrews,  T  R 
Coffin.  C  E  Haden,G  W  Gibbs,  J  Codd,  R  C  Washburn. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  465 

Schooner  Gazelle,  from  New  Bedford,  Feb.  13th: 
John  Merrill,  E    W  Heywood,  J  C  Currier,  F  S  Howland,  Daniel  B 
Aikens,  Saml  Small,  Leander  Potter,  Eli  Woodell,  W  E  Chambers,  R 
S  Smith,  J  W  Bowles,  Nat  Howland,  J  H  Coggeshall. 

Schooner  Emeline,  from  New  Bedford,  March  6th: 
Dan  Allen,  Jos  Lewis,  Seth  Hathaway,  Geo  Reed,  Nelson  Bourne, 
Chas  Flagg,  J  II  Brown,  Nehemiah  West,  Jn  Nichols,  W  D  James,  N. 
R  Stetson,  Ily  Cook,  J  G  Baker,  Capt  Frank  Bourne,  Benj  Brownell, 
Dd  Brownell,  J  R  Potter,  Jere  Reynolds,  Obed  Eldridge,  Geo  Ellis, 
H  N  Cummings,  C  E  Almy,  S  Richards,  Jos  Burgess. 

Bark  Helen  Augusta  sailed  May  12th  : 

F  W  Myrick,  A  L  Adams,  C  C  Dane,  Isaac  Sawyer,  J  H  Conant,  Josh 
Leavitt,  J  B  Williams,  D  E  Coleman,  W  L  Knowles,  J  P  Hedge,  M  C 
White,  T  Bickerton,  F  B  Casas,  J  L  Crossett,  W  R  Mellen,  Prentice 
Hobbs,  B  L  White,  Mr  Davis,  J  H  Jacobs,  T  J  Anderson,  C  W  Conant, 
Joel  Simpson,  Alf  Bailey,  H  K  Hitchings,  T  F  M  Berry,  H  Learned,  Jos 
Palmer,  Geo  Damon,  P  II  Jacobs,  Wm  Reith,  I  H  Southwick,  Jos 
Northey,  Wm  Ashley,  J  H  Bradley,  J  S  Tappan,  Jn  Caldwell,  Rd  Fowler, 
C  A  Bradley,  G  L  Mansfield,  D  W  Payson,  J  C  Ackerman,  T  H  Gould,  Jn 
Hurley,  J  W  Somerby,  L  D  French,  H  Collins,  D  M  Deal,  G  Nason,  J  P 
French,  C  C  Kingsbury,  Bny  Ouinn,  W  H  Dunyer,  M  M  Dame,  J  P 
Ward,  J  C  Sawyer,  Geo  Buckman,  Kneeld  Farnum.C  W  Thompson,  J  B 
Littlefield,  Thads  Wiswell,  G  W  Cook,  H  Warden. 

Bark  Susan  Lane  sailed  May  ist  : 

J  R  Butler,  Jn  Givens,  G  W  Adams,  Jn  Gilbert,  T  P  Littlefield,  Pat 
Mathews,  H  J  Keene,  Wm  Edmonds,  J  M  Davis,  Ths  Murphy,  J  A  South- 
worth,  S  E  Cook. 

Brig  Chatham,  May  14th  : 

E  &  J  Isnard,  G  J  Jeffries,  J  R  Bradford,  T  P  Shaw,  T  Cusack,  T  W 
Frelan,  Jn  Vroom,  W  Locke,  G  V  Knight,  Jn  Prince,  D  F  Dodge,  I  G 
Hodge,  W  Coleman,  Wm  Walden,  J  C  Huffington,  W  R  Tibbetts,  Jn 
Miller,  J  S  Phillips,  J  Gregory,  B  F  Graves,  AndwWaddison,  E  J  Flinn, 
J  R  Paddleford,  A  K  Vanderwalker,  M  W  Weston,  W  V  Wallace,  J  H 
Jourdan,  A  P  Crowell. 

Schooner  J.  W.  Herbert,  Feb.  21st  : 

W  C  Waters,  Thos  Brooks,  B  S  Grush,  Josh  Hale,  Warren  Prince,  E 
M  Chapman,  Wm  Warner,  D  E  Parker,  W  E  Cox,  Hy  Danforth,  Jere 
Horton,  D  C  Huntoon,  M  Dommick,  G  Dresser,  L  E  Taylor,  G  B  Meri- 
man,  Rt  McCloy,  Jas  Hewes,  jr,  G  W  Copeland,  A  B  Newhall,  Gidn  Low, 
W  A  Symonds,  J  G  Nelson,  Jothn  Blaney,  Hy  Fowler,  I  Kelcy,  C  Rob- 
inson, Geo  Foster,  J  C  Walton,  J  McGaffy,  C  F  Boyden,  Stephen 
Jones. 

Schooner  Edwin,  March  ist  : 

Wm  Watson,  Mr  Mansfield,  Mr  Wentworth,  Sam  Frost,  Jas  Davis,  Jn 
Howard,  Levi  Howard,  S  E  Allen,  J  S  Scott,  H  Dunlap.  Francis  Sadler, 
H  Jameson,  Dr  Tibbets,  Dr  Adams.  Moses  Brown,  Wm  Kidder,  J  M 
Moore,  R  M  Thompson,  H  L  Lyford,  C  Sanborn,  J  J  Eastman,  T  D 


466  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Sanger,  E  M  Moore,  D  O  Nelson,  B  G  Frost,  Arthr  Branger,  Jas  Bor- 
den, G  C  Todd. 

Bark  Thames,  March  ist  : 

Jas  T  Olmstead,  I  H  Gardner,  H  A  Webster,  W  L  Wilbur,  A  T 
Bolkcom,  Jn  Belcher,  Jas  Hastings,  Josiah  Johnson,  Chas  S  Jenkins, 
J  A  Morrill,  Danl  Choate,  I  S  Parker,  Phineas  Davis,  Jas  Sprague, 
Jerrett  Sprague,  Jos  Brown,  jr,  E  B  Mclntire,  B  S  Gilman,  A  D 
Smith,  J  W  Cressman,  Philip  Briggs,  C  B  Hall,  W  B  Congdon,  Albrt 
Johnson,  A  H  Winslow,  Saml  Eldridge,  D  W  C  Gaskill,  B  A  Dud- 
ley, Jacob  Marshall,  S  D  Loud,  C  H  Hall,  S  H  Chadbourne,  Alfred 
Titcomb,  Ichbd  Titcomb. 

Ship  Oxnard  sailed  June  23d: 

J  E  Nutting,  W  R  Wolcott,  Geo  Hutchinson,  J  L  Nutting,  H  Mc- 
Grath,  Jn  Woolaver,  Calvin  Blood,  Chas  Wyman,  Ezkl  Upton,  W  R 
Bailey,  Gidn  Jennings,  Zeph  Haven,  J  W  Crosby,  Caleb  Whitney,  G  J 
Whitney,  C  R  Bond,  D  A  Elwell,  Rev  E  P  Bond,  D  D  Mitchell,  Hamltn 
Moses,  A  G  Bowles,  E  W  Brintnall,  N  Dodge,  D  G  Fuller,  Paul  Pryor, 
S  Lyon,  Cyrus  Lyon. 

Ship  Vistula  sailed  June  26th  : 

Thos  Scott,  H  G  Peirce,  N  D  Grover,  Phldr  Paddock,  H  S  Carr, 
J  F  Stewart,  J  M  Paddock,  Robt  Fary,  M  A  Simpson,  A  W  Marshall. 

Ship  Constantine  sailed  June  30th: 

■  Albt  Worden,  J  T  Walker,  S  S  Manson,  Amos  Chase,  jr,  F  H  Tovier, 
Otis  Soul,  H  Winsor,  A  C  Moore,  J  A  Hall. 

Brig  Patapsco  sailed  July  nth: 

S  H  Dearborn,  F  A  Rutherford,  Mthw  Bridge,  Jn  Hutchinson,  Hy 
Everleth,  Miss  M  A  Coffin,  Capt  Moore  and  wife,  W  Lenox,  CaptS 
Brown  and  Yates. 

Bark  Belasco,  Feb.  loth: 

Wm  Roberts,  Hy  Cleaveland,  E  W  Bucklin,  Wm  Lanes,  Capt  Spen- 
cer, T  W  Sayce,  I  Nickerson,  C  J  Richardson,  C  G  Cooke,  D  A  Jenks, 
Wm  H  Johnson,  J  Smith,  J  D  Young,  A  Reynolds,  Eben  Baker,  Free- 
man Winn,  S  B  Mowry,  J  Templeman,  Ezra  Baker,  O  Baker,  J  McCor- 
cormick,  Natl  Baxter,  H  Carter,  L  B  Read,  J  Horton,  Geo  Humes, 
Davis  Perry,  H  L  Perry,  Wm  P  Bonney,  Thos  Saunders,  S  G  Pierce,  H 
Bowen,  Saml  Graham,  H  B  Cushman,  W  H  Chace,  Abm  Sears,  Wm 
Hathaway,  John  Read,  L  A  Maxey,  O  Arnold,  J  D  Page,  L  P  Burt, 
Paul  Dexter,  Abm  Fletcher,  Nelson  Chace,  Jonthn  Lambert,  J  A  Rey- 
nolds. A  A  Andrews,  C  J  Randall,  F  E  Fish.  Jn  Atkinson,  Wm  LShep- 
ard,  Alfd  Messenger,  Elsha  Brown,  H  G  Williams,  G  W  Murray,  S  A 
Elsbrce,  Nathl  Shepardson,  W  H  Allen.  H  Austin,  S  N  Leonard,  J  M 
Burgess.  Thos  Reed,  Jas  McCarty,  Robt  Taft,  G  W  Sayles,  Lewis  Fales, 
Francis  Kett,  Wm  Kelly,  J  C  Cady,  N  B  Jenks  L  W  Fisher,  O  Perrin, 
jr.,  Allen  Taylor.  L  C  Wade,  W  A  Mowry,  H  M  Arnold,  S  P  Capron, 
Lucius  Nourse,  Lcond  Walker,  W  P  Parsons,  F  E  Pierce,  Benj  Smith, 
H  A  Ike,  C  E  Skinner,  W  Whipple. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  467 

Ship  York,  April  ist: 

J  W  Cartwright,  C  J  Hall,  J  H  Barnes,  C  W  Smith,  F  W  Whitimore, 
C  H  Hubbard,  Alf  Wheelright,  N  H  Wells,  N  H  Pepper,  E  M  Dennie, 
G  W  Miner,  W  H  Thayer,  T  R  Campbell,  1  B  Thompson,  J  W  Cart- 
wright,  jr,  Robt  R  Lear,  A  L  Melvin,  G  N  Cheever,  Geo  Drew,  Enoch 
Soule,  E  Wadsworth,  Jos  Trumbull,  W  H  Barrett,  F  C  Eiver,  A  O  Gay, 
Jn  Colby,  J  A  Spooner,  Jn  Cheever,  Sydney  Ainsworth,  R  H  Hooper, 
I  Littlefiel  i.  H  T  Burr,  Theo  Bassett,  Clmt  Small,  I  M  Williams,  Geo 
Baily,  F  B  Clark,  C  A  Swift. 

Brig  Planet,  April  2d  : 

Hy  Pratt,  J  H  Parker,  11  S  Bates,  C  K  Cutting,  Artemus  Thorndike, 
Geo  Adams,  Geo  Stoddard,  Jas  Bates,  J  A  Cousens,  Zealous  Bates,  Chs 
Bourne,  J  Briggs,  jr,  Manl  King,  G  S  Smith,  G  W  Stoddard,  Otis  Barnes, 
Isaac  Pratt,  ART  Hilvern,  Elijah  Marble,  F  A  Bates.  Chs  Curtis,  Geo 
Bradford,  Israel  Vinal,  D  P  Eldridge,  S  B  Barstow,  G  Jacobs,  Ezekiel 
Morse,  PrescottWhitcomb,  Hy  Hunt,  J  R  Hall,  L  Stoddard. 

Brig  Metropolis  from  Beverly,  Nov.  23d  : 

Nathl  P  Sheldon,  Wm  H  Cole,  Wm  Davis,  John  C  Foster,  Moses 
Low,  George  Thissell,  John  E  Porter,  Israel  Trask,  Emerson  McKenzie, 
John  C  Bennett,  Eben  Ellingwood,  jr,  John  W  Quiner,  John  Fisher, 
William  A  Friend,  William  B  Withaw,  George  Runnels,  Charles  H 
Hodgkins,  William  T  Trask,  jr,  Samuel  R  Noyes,  John  L  Webber,  Jona 
O  Holden,  Charles  F  Pousland,  Benjamin  Dodge,  Melvin  Nesmith, 
Stephen  A  Woodbury,  Daniel  A  Waite,  jr,  Gowen  Wilson,  John  B 
Grant,  — Mclntire,  William  F  Perry,  George  Story,  J  B  Burnham,  G  L 
Goldsmith,  George  C  Clairbone,  S  R  Bartlett,  Niles  Whittier,  John  R 
Allen,  Charles  A  Mayhew,  George  Morgan,  Ephraim  Morgan. 

Brig  Antares,  Sept,  23d  : 

William  Leach,  Charles  Winslow,  John  Stone,  Josepn  Duvin,  David 
Boynton,  Joseph  S  Brown  and  Richard  Caswell. 

Ship  Crescent  from  Salem,  Dec.  6th  : 

Albert  Lackey,  Henry  W  Haskell,  Thomas  J  GifTord,  Dean  C  Sy- 
monds,  John  Madison,  Thomas  Dickson,  jr,  Charles  C  Burnham,  Enos 
G  Haynes,  Ralph  S  Gordon,  William  Hardy,  John  H  Newton,  Jonathan 
Davis,  Eben  Waters,  Nath'l  Jenkins,  John  D  Chappel,  Ed  A  'Wheeler, 
George  S  Nichols,  John  P  Dickson,  Joshua  Pope,  Getman  Andrews, 
Israel  Herrick,  Charles  L  Hardy,  Wm  Graves,  Asa  A  Whiting,  Wm  H 
Searles,  James  Gardner,  Payne  Morse,  Benj  S  Boardman,  Samuel  H 
Larrabee,  John  Nichols,  Warren  B  Colburn,  Solomon  Cashman,  Robert 
H  Pratt,  Parmenas  Pratt,  W  C  Eastman,  Josiah  C  White,  Charles  K 
White,  Hazen  Sanborn,  Stephen  S  Gilman,  L  D  Sargent,  Wm  B  Cross, 
J  A  Merriam,  J  P  Brown,  G  J  McGregor,  Samuel  V  Clark,  John  Gibson, 
Henry  R  Neal,  H  E  Brickett,  William  P  Buflfum,  D  Sprague,  William 
Sprague,  A  M  Barker,  Charles  H  Harvey,  Edward  A  Morse,  James  Max- 
field,  Abbot  Smith,  Alonzo  Young,  Dudley  Evans,  Andrew  J  Center, 
Ivens  J  Phillips. 

Bark  La   Grange,  Sept.,  1849: 

Capt  f  Dewing,  M  S  Prime,  D  Bray,  J  Howe,  J  Butman,  H  J  Brown, 
C  A  Doll,  J  K  Vincent,  B  F  Woodbury,  J  H  Pitman,  W  Bogardus,  C  K' 


468  THE  AKGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORMA. 

Story,  T  B  Hoyt,  N  Dclap,  W  W  Wilkins,  J  McCloy,  E  Southwick,  C 
C  Teal.  J  Bartlett.  T  B  Flowers,  J  C  Kemp,  R  Harrington,  J  J  Whip- 
ple, A  Francis,  N  Bovey,  P  Oilman,  A  W  Merrill,  H  F  Bogardus,  H  A 
Tattle.  J  W  Cone,  F  Story,  A  Harrington,  S  Elliott,  G  Harris,  A  C 
Kittield,  W  P  Leavitt,  E  Chapman,  J  R  Hawson,  C  E  Brown,  E  Wood- 
bury, W  F  Morgan,  R  Austin,  Wm  Sinclair,  J  H  Stewart.  W  W  Dodd, 
A  Elliott,  D  W  Couch.  S  Keyser,  A  C  Howell.  E  Fuller,  Wm  H  Southie. 
C  Weeks,  W  H  Sibbey,  L  Saunders,  F  K  Ballou,  O  A  Gordon,  J  H 
Dakin,  D  A  Nichols.  J  R  Batchclder,  W  F  Putnam,  A  Ware,  B  F  Sym- 
onds,  Wm  Brown,  N  Osgood. 

Ship  Henry  Aster,  from  Nantucket,  Sept.,  '49  : 

G  F  Joy,  A  H  Coffin,  O  F  Fosdick,  J  O  Chase,  T  Hinckley,  Alex  C 
Fuller.  Danl  Bladgen,  S  King,  E  M  Bartlett,  J  M  Bartell,  Jos  Brown, 
Reed  Getchell,  H  Coleman,  2d.  J  F  Swain,  A  M  Myrick,  R  P  Eldridge. 
B  F  Ray,  B  F  Ray,  jr,  C  H  Gibbs,  S  Barnard,  jr,  W  S  Hight,  Gideon 
Worth.  E  A  Swain,  S  Woodward,  G  F  Bunker,  jr.  C  B  Myrick,  H  P 
McCleane,  C  G  Coggeshall,  Seth  Folger,  G  G  Mitchell,  A  J  Meader, 
Stephen  Luce,  W  S  Arthur,  W  S  Barnard.  S  L  Coffin.  Chas  A  Taber, 
G  G  Nixon,  W  R  Starbuck,  A  H  Hinckley.  Geo  Winslow,  W  W  Allen, 
C  L  Groves.  Andw  Gardner,  J  Sturtevant,  B  M  Richter,  F  H  Mitchell, 
Isiah  Gorham,  E  H  Bennett,  T  j  Cathcart,  C  S  Bunker,  C  A  Granger, 
J  A  Hozier,  Robt  Sylvester,  S  D  Blount,  1  F  Chase,  jr,  W  C  Holmes,  I 
F  Hinckley,  I  Thompson,  E  P  Coffin.  Geo  F  Allen,  N  P  Centland,  G 
W  Lewis,  Dd  Patterson,  Davis  Hall,  Wm  Wood,  Geo  Backus,  J  F  Al- 
hearn.  O  O  Folger,  B  L  Wood,  E  M  Hinckley,  Wm  Patterson,  Amos 
Rider,  Jn  Husser,  Jos  Nickerson,  Wm  J  Pinkham,  Geo  Orpin,  Rd  Macy, 
Isaac  Gardner,  R  Manter,  J  Hussey.  G  H  Brock.  Wm  McCleane,  Saml 
Fisher,  H  Cleavelance,  Albt  Austin,  W  C  Doman.  J  Pearce,  A  A 
Gardner,  Francis  Brown,  Jas  Adams,  A  Swain,  G  L  Clasby,  G  N  Rid- 
dell,  Paul  Warren. 

Bark  Uiamond,  from  New  Bedford,  February  3  : 

P  Pierce,  H  Churchill,  G  Whitbeck,  S  D  Barnes,  E  E  Lucas,  F  B 
Sylvester.  T  L  Davenport.  J  Lewis.  J  E  Carnell.  H  Johnson.  C  Cleave- 
land,  W  H  Gibbs,  A  A  Thomas,  J  L  Gray,  A  J  Tilton,  Z  Tilton.  J  M 
Weaver.  T  W  Thurston,  J  A  Dies.  Chas  Hood,  J  Williamson, Jos  Chase, 
Jabcz  Pierce,  R  H  Purrington.  G  Presbury.  J  Woodworth.  A  Borden, 
Rd  Hopwood,  W  C  Ball,  Ed  Kershaw,  J  S  Carpenter.  P  H  Chase,  J  R 
Hood,  W  Cobb.  J  Briggs,  S  L  James.  J  G  Brown.  G  W  Chase,  H  Rey- 
nolds, Thos  Brown,  J  F  Devoll.  P  Strobridge.  P  Sherman.  W  W  Mason, 
Terrance  Coyle,  M  M  Lucas,  G  F  Tribon.M  M  Keith.  J  S  Brownell.  R 
S  Lovell.  R  P  Raynard,  G  W  Smith,  John  Carr,  U  H  White,  J  R  Corey, 
Dr  H  McGee. 

Ship  America,  from  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  April  3d,  1849  : 

Wm  P  Haskins,  C  W  Haskins,  G  W  Colwell,  Jeremiah  Brownell, 
Oliver  Hart,  Gustavus  Delano,  T  A  Butler,  Sylvester  Manchester,  S  P 
Haskins,  H  T  Davis,  J  D  C  Taber,  Archibald  Ward,  G  J  Page,  Gilbert 
Carter,  Benj  Crapo,  G  F  Jones,  A  M  Farnsworth,  Moses  H  Kelsey,  John 
King,  C  G  Davis,  Wm  Welch.  S  P  Little,  Andrew  Allen,  Job  Wilcox,  S 
Macomber,  Elisha  Doane,  J  B  Smith,  Lewis  Beach,  Benj  Marfield,  Hy 
Woodruff,  Barnard  Smith,  H  C  Rogers,  C  F  Nickerson,  Chas  Simmons, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  469 

C  G  Tilton,  Nathan  Johnson,  Geo  Bailey  Philip  Porter,  A  G  Franklin, 
Wm  C  Ford,  Davis  Trowbridge,  Geo  Sever,  Chas  Russell,  D  Lemden, 
J  H  Ricketson,  J  C  Negus,  T  B  Masury,  Uan  Buttler.  G  W  Bearse,  L 
B  Chase,  Abner  Potter,  Major  Brovvnell,  Edward  Kellen,  Henry  Dyre, 
S  McKenzie,  T  D  Kempton,  Peter  Nelson,  J  B  Burrell,  J  M  Tilton, 
Benj  Johnson,  Noah  White,  Wm  Winston,  J  F  Reed,  B  M  Bedell, 
Orville  Buck,  Geo  Sever,  jr,  Wm  Pettibone,  Fred  Ricketson,  Jacob 
Smith,  I  N  Potter,  P  L  Thurston,  Capt  Snow. 

Bark  Russell,  from  New  Bedford,  Mass  : 

R  Calder,  R  M  Coffin,  Geo  Coffin,  2d,  Wm  Hunter,  W  C  Myrick,  E  S 
Coffin,  A  C  Bunker,  A  C  Barney,  A  C  Folger,  G  P  Coleman,  Geo  Pad- 
dock, 2d,  H  C  Macy,  2d,  C  C  Hamblin,  C  H  Swain,  Wm  Reynolds,  Geo 
Sprague,  G  F  Whippey,  C  Cushman,  D  A  Meader,  P  H  Folger,  Wm  H 
Westgate,  J  W  Eldridge,  Mettiah  Fisher,  J  Praro,  A  Hillman,  F  Bond, 
E  G  Coffin,  C^F  Coleman,  Ed  Allen,  Wm  P  Prescott,  F  C  Chase,  C  H 
Gardner,  Reuben  Chadwick,  Wm  D  Sylvia,  Wm  Bond,  Wm  Chadwick, 
J  Townsend,  Jas  Lawrence,  F  F  Hussey,  C  S  Wyer,  Mrs  F  B  Folger. 

Schooner  Horace,  New  Bedford,  May  17th  : 

Capt  Randall,  Danl  Perry,  R  W  Hathaway,  J  Maguire,  J  C  Grinnell, 
C  H  Edwards,  Jos  Watkins,  C  Crosby,  Jos  Fuller,  S  S  Wordell,  Eben 
Benson,  SI  Fellows,  A  B  Nye,  Ellis  Nightingale,  Eben  Skiff,  S  B  Gur- 
ney,  Stphn  Smith,  Jas  Cornell,  Wm  Thomas,  J  B  Brown,  Chas  Scott. 

Ship  Mayflower,  from  New  Bedford,  March  24th  : 

G  Randall,  J  B  Meader,  Alex  Hathaway,  Dr  J  H  Drinker,  C  H  Ran- 
dall, M  McLaughlin,  E  C  Clark,  Lloyd  Brooks,  Geo  Fletcher,  Dan  Sul- 
ivan,  Thos  Buchanan,  G  R  Deane,  Wm  Merrihew.Josh  Grinnell,  Hardy 
Hitch,  Dr  Ezra  Thompson,  A  S  Taylor,  W  B  Hicks,  Albt  Seabury,  Fred 
Gifford.  Isaac  Howland,  Jas  Manchester,  Brd  Coggshall,  G  B  Macom- 
ber,  Jas  Bassett,  R  C  Hicks,  Lewis  Albert,  Irsl  Washburn,  J  H  Wash- 
burn, L  Brightman,  C  Allen,  C  Ball,  E  S  Gifford,  E  F  Stone,  Geo 
Pierce,  D  K  Ritche,  H  Jenkins,  J  F  Dexter,  F  B  Howes,  Jas  Smellee,  R 
C  Randall  &  Son.  T  B  Meader,  I  S  Chadwick,  VV  S  Church.  Thomas 
Stead,  J  P  Mantor,  H  C  Johnson,  W  J  Pierce,  Wm  Lindley,  S  K  Leach, 
S  Warren,  J  H  Whaley,  McPherson  Barnitz,  Oliver  Allen,  Josh  Doe, 
J  H  Rhodes,  Robt  Williams,  J  Crosby,  Jas  Huse. 

Brig  Tremont,  from  New  Bedford,  Feb.  loth  : 

C  D  Cushman,  G  A  Simmons,  C  F  Ruggles,  Abner  Pitts,  Moses  H 
Sekell,  E  W  Hacket,  W  S  Pierce,  I  W  Record,  J  T  Sekell,  G  W  Tucker, 
H  Pierce,  A  C  Nelson,  Alphs  Orcott,  J  A  Sekell.  E  R  Armington,  J  T 
Weaver,  J  H  Lewis,  C  P  Ellis,  Eben  Leach,  J  E  Western,  S  L  Pierce, 
Francis  Booth,  Adm  Briggs. 

Schooner  John  Allyne,  from  New  Bedford,  Mass  : 
Capt  A  Brownell,  B  F  Bourne,  Levi  W  Wait,  T  W  Swift,  F  F  Ney,  P 
S  Mayhew,  W^m  D  Allen,  J  D  Parker,  H  A  Ricketson,  Isaac  Moore,  C 
B  Haydin,  Chrisn  White,  Nathl  Gifford,  Ira  Buffington,  D  Brayton,  jr, 
Wm  Bruce,  J  N  Munro,  J  W  Braley,  I  F  Terry,  Fdk  Crapo,  Samuel 
Davis,  Geo  Hall,  D  Howland,  B  A  Baker,  B  C  Munroe. 


470  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Ship  Obed  Mitchell,  from  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  March  27th: 

G  S  Cox,  E  B  Hunt,  F  Wells,  C  E  Taylor,  W  H  Clark,  C  M  N  Cooper, 
B  F  Pollard,  J  S  Brayton.  Rbt  Hall.  J  J  Jarvis,  B  F  Stone,  Jn  Warren, 
MissC  Barnard,  J  H  Kimball,  Lewis  Cowell,  D  P  Bodfish  and  wife,  W 
A  Cooper,  A  W  Cutts,  H  M  Bullen,  J  F  Citner,  Jn  Seaward,  Chs  Rob- 
bins,  E  Prescott,  E  L  Lothrop,  R  A  Gilmore,  Abt  Turner,  J  A  Rigby, 
Artemas  Rigly,  E  P  Treat,  W  H  Ramsdell,  H  L  Francis,  Dd  Woodward, 
Josiah  Wedgwood,  W  H  Cox,  W  T  Cox,  H  M  Whitney,  Jas  Hyde,  Jas 
Thompson,  C  H  Craig,  Jn  Murphy,  Chs  Morrill,  S  S  Wentworth,  Jos 
Shephard,  Bj  Givings,  J  R  Richards,  W  Crockett,  C  H  Russell,  Arthur 
Thing,  Chs  Rider,  Rd  Pendergast,  Samuel  Tucker,  Chs  Williams,  G  S 
Matherson. 

Brig  Vesta,  from  Edgartown,  April  loth  : 

Ozander  Mayhew  Rd  Norton,  Eph  Pool,  Jared  Pool,  Austin  Smith, 
R  N  Smith,  Hillard  Mayhew,  Alp  Look,  Dectr,  Skiflf,  Ariel  Luce,  Dr  G 
N  Hall,  Jacob  Gifford,  Palmr  Wood,  A  J  Roulstone,  Geo  Buttler, 
Matthew  Coffin,  Geo  Chase,  Jonthn  and  Frank  Mayhew. 

Ship  Florida,  sailed  August  ist  : 

Capt  J  S  Robinson,  Arza  Fish,  N  S  Howard,  A  G  Tripp,  B  T  Briggs, 
Levi  Tinkham,  H  D  Scott,  Albt  Liscomb,  J  N  Gifford,  W  N  Alden,  K 
E  Pope,  N  S  Stoddard,  Rold  Delano,  J  I  Maxfield,  Hy  Stetson,  Alf 
Jenny,  Eph  Delano,  B  F  Beetle,  Chs  Damon.  W  D  Swan,  Lorng  Dexter, 
E  N  Fish,  Ansel  D  Bourne,  Brad  Hathaway, Wm  L  Rodman,  L  T  Terry, 
W  W  Allen,  Jos  Williams,  W  H  Harrison,  Wash  Smith,  P  F  Piper, 
Sumner  Dexter,  A  G  Nye,  A  C  Fish,  M  Lawrence,  Noah  Clark,  Andw 
Croswell,  Wm  Stackpole,  Hy  Fitch,  W  G  Robinson,  Francis  Stoddard. 

Ship  Magnolia,  from  New  Bedford,  February  8th,  1849  : 

John  F  Pope,  Mrs  Pope  and  child,  Mrs  Simmons  (Captain's  wife), 
Dr  H  White.  Mrs  White,  Mrs  P  Hoxie,  Miss  A  Marchant,  Benjamin 
Worth,  Revillo  Swain.  J  R  Potter,  John  Hoskins,  James  H  Crocker, 
Franklin  Perry,  John  King,  W  W  Russell.  E  Porter,  C  Carpenter,  Geo 
Payson,  Charles  Payson,  Samuel  Barrell,  F  W  Silbey,  Wm  P  Hallet, 
Wm  Norton.  Samuel  H  Foster,  Wm  S  Wilson,  C  S  Spaulding,  —  Cad- 
well,  M  Collins,  Geo  B  Read,  Samuel  H  Taber,  F  N  Billings,  Henry 
Baker,  H  Williams,  A  Gifford,  G  H  Smith,  B  S  Shove, — Stewart, 
James  Cook,  E  H  Burney.  M  Sullivan,  E  H  Tobey.  N  Roderick.  James 
Webb.  jr.  J  P  Henderson.  Wm  Bly.  E  S  Hafford.  E  H  Wade,  Otis  Man- 
chester, James  Bates,  Thomas  Whitesides.  Edwin  Luce.  Wm  Gifford,  E 
F  Slocum.  FredkT  Howland,  T  H  Price,  L  G  Brown.  P  H  Brackett.  J 
B  Price.  Jesse  Gifford.  G  A  Clark.  G  G  Gifford,  H  N  Hills,  James  An- 
thony.  Wm  C  Thompson,  Bartlett  Allen,  Wm  A  Libbey,  Alborne  Allen, 
Alxr  Delano,  Thomas  G  Bradford,  A  Barstow.  D  Barstow.  H  B  Pierce, 
E  Glover,  G  A  Munroe,  Wm  T  W^ard.  Allen  Hooper.  J  B  Thomas.  Rob- 
ert Garr.  J  T  Vail,  Jethro  Soule,  Stephen  Gifford,  F  Macomber,  H 
Hayward,  A  S  Hathaway,  F  A  Hathaway.  Geo  D  Slade.  Horace  Slade, 
E  U  Chase.  Bradford  Simmons,  Jehn  Holland,  C  A  Delano,  N  S  Jack- 
son. 

The  crew  were  Forty-niners  who  worked  their  passage  : 

B  F  Simmons,  captain,  S  I  Raymond,  mate,  N  Parlow,  2d  mate,  W  H 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA,  471 

Cook,  Job  Wilcox,  D  Croucher,  E  V  Gilman,  H  B  Keene,  E  Hathaway, 
P  Hoxey,  E  O  Parker,  N  J  Thompson,  B  Stoddard,  W  F  Reed,  A 
Roundsville,  A  Pease,  W  Ross,  F  Delano. 

Bark  Yeoman,  from  Plymouth,  Mass.,  March  i8th  : 
Captain  J  M  Clark,  S  Blankinship,  Jn  Clark,  Th  Brown,  Geo  Colling- 
wood,  Nat  Covington,  F  R  Robins,  J  E  Churchill,  R  Swinturn,  N  G 
Cushing,  Hy  Chase,  Wm  Collingwood,  W  N  Gilford,  A  O  Nelson,  F  B 
Holmes,  Nathn  Churchill,  T  Collins,  N  S  Barrows,  H  M  Hubbard,  H  B 
Holmes,  Alf  Doten,  Ellis  Rogers,  Ellis  Barnes,  G  P  Fowler,  Wm  Saun- 
ders, R  B  Dunham,  H  M  Morton,  C  C  Bradford,  SM  Churchill,  E  W" 
Kingman,  Ozin  Bates,  C  Dunham,  J  T  Wadsworth,  W  B  Barnes,  T 
T  Rogers,  Ed  Morton,  W  J  Dunham,  Ags  Robbins,  S  Everson,  G  A 
Bradford,  Jn  Ward. 

Brig  Attilla,  January  13th  : 

Charles  H  Webster,  Joseph  L  Weston,  Ellis  H  Morton,  William  Ran- 
dall, Ephram  Finney,  Thomas  C  Smith,  Rufus  Holmes. 

Schooner  William  A  Tarlton,  from  Newburyport,  October  15th, 
1849: 

Wm  E  Davis,  Dr  Dilwyn  S  Varrey,  George  L  Clement,  Enoch  T 
Collins,  Major  Theodore  F  Howell,  Edwin  Locke,  John  S  Hoyt,  Charles 
Batchelder,  James  Woodbury,  William  Gray,  Joseph  Poor,  Rufus 
Pierce,  John  McCarrison,  Eben  T  Wood,  Joseph  Nowell. 

Bark  Diamond,  from  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  Feb.  3,  '49  : 
Joseph  Chase,  R  H  Purrington,  Jn  Woodworth,  R  Harpwood,  Ed- 
mund Kershaw,  P  H  Chase,  Walter  Cobb,  S  S  James,  G  W  Chase, 
Thos  Brown,  Philip  Strobridge,  Jabez  Pierce,  Geo  Presburry,  Alex 
Borden,  W  G  Bell,  J  S  Carpenter,  J  R  Wood,  Jas  Briggs,  J  G  Brown, 
Hiram  Reynolds,  Jas  F  DevoU,  Presby  Sherman,  Capt  R  P  Reynard, 
G  W  Smith,  Jn  Casin,  W  W  Mason,  Nc  M  Lucas,  Marcus  M  Keith,  J 
S  Brownell,  R  S  Lovell,  Terrence  Coyle,  G  F  Tribon,  David  P  Pierce, 
Geo  Whitlock,  S  D  Barnes,  F  B  Silvester,  Jackson  Lewis,  J  E  Cornell, 
Dr  Hy  McGee,  Wm  F  Gibbs,  Jos  J  Gray,  Zedoc  Tilton,  T  W  Thurston, 
Chas  Hood,  Hiram  Churchill,  N  H  White,  Augs  E  Lucas.  Thos  L 
Davenport,  Jn  R  Cory,  Harrison  [Jackson,  C  G  Cleaveland,  Albert  A 
Thomas,  A  J  Tilton,  J  M  Weaver,  J  A  Dias,  }as  Williamson. 

Ship  Ward  Henry,  from  New  Bedford,  Feb.  i6th  : 

^Capt  Church,  E  Wrightington,  J  P  Lawrrnce,  B  S  Kanuse,  Jn  Terry, 
Jas  Hammond,  jr,  J  H  Robiner,  E  S  Jenney,  W  C  Eldridge,  G  F  Cas- 
ley,  J  S  Taber,  Geo  Delano,  Fdk  Wilcox,  G  D  Bisbee,  P  Servey,  C  R 
Brown,  Allen  Sherman,  H  B  Wood,  J  Sparrow.  Mason  Rogers,  Wm 
Ruggles,  Jos  Coe,  J  B  Coe,  E  W  Taylor,  Lorenzo  Smith,  C  H  Grey,  J 
M  Alden. 

Schooner  Pomon.a,  from  New  Bedford,  Feb.  3: 

Holder  Almy,  E  P  Mesher,  P  Gifford,  Wm  Pennman,  P  Hunt,  Levi 
Nye,  Isiah  Nye,  T  Tobey,  P  B  Devol,  A  Sawyer,  J  Chapman,  Freeman 
B  irtlett,  G  Gifford,  E  Gifford. 


472  THE  AKGO.\AUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Bark  Perseverance,  from  Providence,  R.  I.,  June  15th  : 

Capt  G  Heath,  Wm  Perry,  Gt  Richmond,  S  A  Comstock,  E  B  Dor- 
rance,  D  S  Linnell,  Merritt  Andrews,  Rev  T  D  and  Mrs  Sturtevant, 
Capt  L  Kelley.  J  R  Ray,  J  P  Butts,  J  H  Horton,  Jn  Noyes,  Jn  Martin, 
Wm  Moore,  G  Foster,  L)  Winslovv,  G  B  Wheeden.  J  W  Cady,  VV  E  Van- 
niper,  Wm  Nichols,  J  W  Spink.  J  B  &  H  B  Arnold,  J  Knight,  W  Stan- 
fleld,  A  E  Thurber,  S  O  Hopkins,  Shcln  Knight,  Ovin  Mowry,  James 
Brown,  S  N  Ross,  Sabin  Broure,  Stcphn  Handy,  G  A  Young,  C  Gibbs, 
C  H  Lapham,  Nathnl  Comstock,  Sml  Baxter,  W  R  Beiser,  Chs  Heath, 
W  Arnold,  W  M  Potter,  Thos  Hill,  Russell  Card,  D  J  Cavalier,  E  L 
Cavalier,  Jas  W^ardrope,  D  B  Westcott,  D  H  Taft,  Eph  Walker,  Silas 
Weston. 

Ship  South  America,  from  Providence,  R  I.,  Sept.  8th  : 

B  F  Fenner,  Geo  Shedd,  E^ek  Tallman,  Wm  F  Hammond,  GW 
Webster,  J  11  N  Gardner,  J  H  Bullock,  Miron  W  Smith,  W'm  M  Web- 
ster, Burrill  Arnold,  Josiah  Kinnecut,  YJ  Blanding,  Danl  Angell,  jr. 
Ily  C  Peck,  Edwd  A  Everett,  Hy  W  Ellis,  S  H  Chapin,  Albert  Cleve- 
land, M  K  Thurber,  T  T  Easterbrook,  Hy  Rencher,  R  L  Kelley,  A  W 
Eldred,  Jabez  Bullock,  N  M  Chaftee,  H  P  Angell,  Danl  Tift,  H  W  Le- 
mon, Jabez  W  Jencks,  H  M  Claflin,  Chas  Harris,  Thos  R  Wilbur,  Jas 
Burdick,  C  H  Dunham,  D  Y  Burr,  P  D  Greene,  D  P  Eddy,  S  H  Davis. 
A  C  Gardner,  B  D  Chace,  N  B  Fenner,  J  M  Chambey,  W  P  Sebury, 
Jas  Snow,  P  M  Bowen.  J  H  Bradford,  E  F  Child,  Rodman  Sweet>  L  G 
Nickerson,  Isaac  C  Battey,  J  H  Cole,  W  C  Barker,  E  R  M  Jipson, 
Dr  H  Hubbard,  M  Waterman,  Saml  Potter,  jr,  E  Shermen,  R  W  Dex- 
ter, R  M  Anisson,  Abel  Woods,  Hy  Nichols.  Jn  Dean,  G  B  Hill,  C  C 
Greene,  W  A  Remington,  Cropen  Taylor.  A  K  Aldrich,  —  Allen,  Wm 
Pierson,  Wm  Murdock,  A  S  Hood,  —  Sevin,  Wm  Rovve,  N  Y  Titus,  G 
S  Smimons,  T  P  Marshall,  W  H  Lawton,  C  W  Hopkins,  Joshua  Clarke, 
C  H  Kelley,  E  G  Pierce,  Y  J  Hasker,  Otis  Phillips,  H  C  Hazard,  W  R 
Wilbur,  H  Bowmen,  A  C  Titus,  R  Mathewson,  J  Gardiner,  H  C  Chace, 
L  C  Merrill,  Martin  W  Thurber,  Y  H  Angell,  E  Brown,  J  G  Smith, 
Chas  Cine,  W  H  Tripp,  E  Blanchard,  J  A  Potter. 

Steamer  Crescent  City,  from  New  York,  company  of  pioneers 
from  Providence,  R.  I.,  crossed  the  Isthmus  : 

W  H  Reynolds,  W  H  Benton,  an  Andrews,  T  G  Dana,  Chas  Wiley, 
Wm  Chandler,  N  B  Gardiner. 

Schooner  Rialto,  from  Holmes  Hole,  Feb.  7th,  1849  : 
Wm     Merry,   Geo    B    Manchester    and     Zenas    Dillingham,    War 
ren   Luce,  Jireh   Luce,  George   Luce,  John   Robinson.  Thos   Robinson 
Alphonso  Smith,  Wm  F  Daggett,  Benj  Merry,  Benj  West,  Abm  Chase 
Richard  Hursell  and  Rev  Geo  Denham. 

Brig  Vesta,  from  Edgartown,  April  loth  : 

Richard  Norton,  Austin  Smith,  Rufus  N  Smith,  Ephm  Poole,  Alfred 
Look,  Hilliard  Mayhew,  Stephen  D  Skiff,  Geo  N  Hall,  M  D,  Ariel  Luce, 
Jacob  Clifford,  George  Chase,  George  Butler,  Franklin  Mayhew,  Andrew 
Roulstone,  Jonathan  Mayhew,  Matthew  Vincent,  jr,  Matthew  Coffin, 
Thos  P  Wood. 


THE    ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  473 

Ship  Walter  Scott,  from  Edgartown,  May  7th  : 

Daniel  Crane,  James  McNiel,  Moses  McNiel,  Wm  H  Leonard,  John  W 
Coffin,  Daniel  C  Pease,  James  M  Coombs,  John  A  Pease,  Edmund 
Lewis,  Henry  H  Marchant,  Hiram  Jernegan,  Jeremiah  Robinson,  Wm 
H  Coffin,  Charles  Mayhew,  Theodore  Fisher,  Oliver  M  Vincent,  Mayhew 
A  Robinson,  Isaiah  D  Pease,  jr,  Samuel  S  Stuart,  Isaac  D  Pease,  Wm  R 
Norton,  Charles  R  Norton,  Matthew  P  Norton,  Charles  W  Pease, 
Charles  A  Bunting,  Prince  S  Hart.  Tristram  E  Butler,  Edward  Smith, 
Henry  M  Norton,  William  A  Pease,  Sylvester  H  Fisher,  Ichabod  Luce, 
Theodore  A  Mayhew,  Freeman  Butler,  jr,  Charles  Bunker,  David  Beetle, 
Nathan  Bassett,  William  Goff,  James  Weeks,  Wm  S  Weeks,  Joseph 
Nickerson,  Henry  Chase,  Samuel  Look. 

Bark  Sarah,  from  Edgartown,  Sept.  3d  : 

Charles  Worth,  Henry  H  Smith,  Saml  W  Lewis,  Benj  Kidder,  jr, 
Charles  W  Smith,  Wm  H  King,  Elijah  Stewart,  Jona  H  Munroe,  Nich- 
olas Stark,  Andrew  13  Fuller,  Gamaliel  Fisher,  Daniel  Dexter,  Elihu  S 
Wimpenney,  Frederick  Pease,  Tisdale  S  Look,  Stephen  Raymond,  Peter 
Esau,  John  Modley,  Supply  B  Norton,  Samuel  N  Davis,  Robert  F  Nor- 
ton, Charles  Huxford,  John  W  Knowlton,  Seth  Marchant,  2d,  Daniel 
Fisher,  2d,  Joseph  Gray,  Charles  Francis,  Wm  W  Butler,  Wm  Pent, 
Charles  E  Lewis,  James  Curtis,  Jose  Salas,  Benj  Clark,  Fredk  Wertner, 
Wm  H  Macy,  Edward  Crocker,  Thomas  T  Mayhew,  Wm  Tilton,  jr, 
James  N  Tilton,  Joseph  Mayhew,  jr,  Clement  Norton,  Mayhew  Look, 
Hervey  Weeks,  Joseph  B  Nickerson,  Ulysses  P  Luce,  Wm  P  Sanford, 
Thos  C  Smith,  Samuel  E  May,  Joseph  S  Belcher. 

Ship  Splendid,  from  Edgartown,  Sept.  20th  : 

John  S  Smith,  Barzillai  N  Fisher,  Thomas  M  Pease.  Edward  Mayhew, 
Samuel  A  Briggs,  Nathan  Mayhew,  2d,  William  Mayhew,  jr,  William 
Osborn,  James  B  Osborn,  Charles  Cleveland,  Richard  W  Coffin,  Thomas 
G  Coffin,  Charles  H  Bunker,  Abisha  S  Cleveland,  Benjamin  Stewart, 
James  H  Bunting,  Samuel  O  Fisher,  William  Dunham,  Joseph  Wilbur, 
Joseph  Cleveland,  Richard  B  Marchant,  Daniel  Keniston,  Daniel  Smith, 
Samuel  C  Smith,  Charles  Vincent,  William  Simpson,  Thomas  T  Powers, 
Enoch  C  Cornell,  Charles  G  Athearn,  jr,  John  S  Norton,  Chs  P  Smith, 
Joseph  Sprague,  Cyrus  Jernegan,  William  H  Matthews,  William  Buck- 
ley, Pardon  B  Smith,  William  Clev'eland.  Solomon  Norton,  Barzillai  C 
Luce,  lohn  Crowell,  James  Winslow,  Joseph  Dexter,  Alphonso  D  Luce, 
Mayhew  Norton,  Benj  Hillman,  John  Luce,  George  W  Smith,  Grafton 
Luce,  Elijah  L  Smith,  George  Luce,  Allen  Dunham,  John  L  Pease,  Wil- 
liam B  Mayhew,  William  Jeffers,  Paul  Cuff,  Levi  Cuff,  Hebron  Wans- 
ley.  jr,  J  W  HoUister,  George  L  Clasby,  Alpheus  R  Baker,  Josiah  T  Mc- 
Lellan,  James  Davis,  William  W  Gifiord,  Stephen  Barker,  Timothy  C 
Osborn,  Watson  S  Butler. 

Schooner  L.  M.  Yale,  from  Holmes  Hole,  October,  '49  : 

Otis  Smith,  William  Daggett,  2d,  Warren  Cleveland,  George  Cleve- 
land, Charles  H  Peakes,  John  B  Perry,  Charles  E  Cleveland,  —  Luce, 
Ira  F  Luce,  Hiram  Luce,  Prince  Athe?rn,  Granville  Manter,  —  Skiff, 
Daniel  Luce,  jr,  Hiram  Luce,  jr,  —  Rotch,  Osborn  C  Tilton,  Joseph 
Athearn,  Abraham  M  Gifford,  Johnson  Simpson. 


474  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Schooner  Two  Brothers,  from  Holmes  Hole,  Aug.  14th  : 
Edward   Baldwin,  Wm  Lambert,   Elisha  Dexter,  Joseph  H   Holmes, 
Edward  Dillingham,  Clifford  Dunham,  John  Keene,  William  H  Green, 
Howard  Smith,  Geo  W  Raymond,   Frederick  M   Baldwin,  Joseph   B 
Austin  and  James  H  Loomis. 

Bark  Oscar,  from  Mattapoisett,  Oct.  6th  : 

John  B  Dornin,  Ebenezer  Dexter,  Charles  Marchant,  William  Brad- 
ley. 

By  other  vessels  and  overland  : 

John  Look,  Edmund  Luce,  jr,  Albert  Look,  Thos  A  Luce,  Charles  C 
Luce, —  West,  Thos  Milton,  jr,  Martin  Arey,  Benj  P  Arey,  Ambrose 
Vincent,  Thos  Frisby,  Clement  Vincent,  Solomon  C  Swift,  B  W  Halsey, 
Wm  L  Mayhew,  Edwd  Pease,  Gideon  Cornell,  Wm  Loper,  Dr  J  T  E 
Gage,  Ephm  P  Mayhew,  Daniel  W  Baylies,  Thomas  Mayhew,  jr,  Wm 
Daggett,  4th,  Athearn  Manter,  jr,  Cornelius  Tilton,  Levi  Tilton,  Zedock 
Tilton,  —  Tilton,  George  O  Tilton,  Isaiah  Hillman.  Prince  Packard, 
Wm  Flanders,  Jared  Poole,  Hiram  Hammett,  Franklin  Hammett,  jr, 
Henry  Cleveland,  James  Cleveland,  Silvanus  Cleveland,  Thomas  West, 
William  Downs,  Edey  Luce,  Baxter  Downs,  Thomas  J  Davenport,  Al- 
fred Norton,  jr,  Edward  Luce,  Crosby  Lewis,  Henry  W  Richardson, 
George  Dunham,  Samuel  Andrews,  Shubael  Dunham,  Wm  Daggett, 
John  Sturgis,  William  C  Downs,  Edward  T  Smith,  Presbury  L  Smith, 
John  Buckley,  James  West,  jr,  William  Usher,  Ebenezer  Smith. 

Ship  Audley  Clark,  from  Newport,  Feb.  15th  :    . 

W  A  Coggeshell,  Geo  Vaughn,  Isiah  Crooker,  Chas  Cozzens,  Levi 
Johnson,  A  W  Dennis,  J  H  Demarest,  O  Carpenter,  Geo  Crandall,  J  H 
Spooner,  G  J  Staigg,  M  Cottrell,  E  P  Kenyon,  Jos  King,  J  E  Caswell, 
Benj  A  Sayer,  S  R  Goff,  Thos  Cranston,  W  Hatch,  A  F  Dyer,  J  Lake. 
R  P  Clarke,  G  W  Langley,  Jn  Tompkins,  J  Southwick,  jr.,  J  S  Hudson, 
Wm  Welch,  Benj  Cozzens.  W  H  Fludder,  T  Barlow,  J  H  Cox,  J  M 
Ri"-gs,  J  P  Barker,  J  Freeborn,  Wm  Welser,  H  C  Harrington,  W  E  Den- 
nis, I  H  Knowles,  C  B  Clark,  W  H  White,  W  T  Dennis,  Chas  Fales,  R 
Graham,  G  H  Wheaton,  J  M  Barstow,  G  W  Babcock,  G  B  Slocum,  J  Y 
McKenzie,  Wm  Stevens,  3d,  E  Chambers,  M  A  Lewis,  A  T  Whitford, 
Zach  Chaffee,  C  E  Cummings,  Rd  Barstow,  F  A  Murphy,  Sml  Young,  J 
M  K  Southwick,  F  M  Hale,  GH  Tilley,  J  M  Lyon,  N  F  Ward  well,  Edson 
Stewart,  J  W  Arnold,  Geo  Beatty,  W  K  Lawton,  Arnold  Pierce,  J  C 
Bliss,  S  B  Friend,  Benj  Brown. 

Bark  Mallory,  from  Fall  River,  Mass.,  Feb.  28th  : 
R  E  Borden,  Josh  Case,  Royal  Chace,  J  E  Messer,  J  H  Buffing- 
ton,  J  C  Trafton,  W  H  Watson,  Frank  Grey,  Wm  R  Cleaveland,  Isrl 
Anthony,  D  P  Cummings,  N  S  Davis.  A  H  Hood,  Thos  Nichols,  Jerome 
Donelly,  Geo  Holmes,  J  S  Cotton,  B  A  Waite,  J  W  Martin,  A  P  Dyer, 
F  13  Harris.  L  Nichols.  C  B  Grcelash,  J  C  Parry,  Ellery  Whitely,  jas 
Campser,  T  D  Mathewsen,  Marshall  Baker,  A  N  Dix,  Thos  Pollard.  Jas 
Harworth,  Jn  Wesley  Nelson,  Ern  Cooke,  J  A  Bailey,  L  M  Cobb,  Jas 
Sherman.  G  T  Pierce,  A  Bassett.  Geo  Goodman,  J  G  Bowen,  Robt 
Hargraves.  Alfred  Briggs,  S  B  Barnuby,  B  T  Winslow,  Madison  Dur- 
fee,  J  P  Wilkins,  N  H  Talman,  Thos  Muntoon,    Dd  Brayton,  W  L  Lin- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  475 

sey,  S  G  Hunt,  Peleg  Tripp,  J  T  King,  Simon  Manchester,  W  C  Daven- 
port, Geo  Gray,  Jos  Almy,  Seril  Cory,  Wm  Brownell,  Thos  Grinnell,  W 
A  Church,  C  T  Bangley,  W  B  Wilbor,  P  S  Brownell,  I  S  Browneil,  J 
H  Grinnell,  G  R  Vinnicum,  Thos  Rider,  F  W  Lucas,  R  T  Pope,  S  D 
Gray,  C  R  Nichols. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  vessels  and  their  passengers  that  sailed 
from  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  to  California  in  '49  : 

Bark  Anne,  from  Bristol,  R.  I.,  February  iSth  : 

Chas,  Edward  and  Hy  Richmond,  B  F  Presby,  C  Lothrop,  H  W 
Pales,  M  L  Hathaway,  J  Smith,  J  B  Leonard,  E  Peterson,  F  E  Leonard, 
C  H  Grossman,  J  Tisdale.  J  F  Goodman,  W  B  Corey,  J  C  Hamlin,  C  H 
Hodges,  G  W  Dean,  W  Wilbour,  E  M  Lachen,  R  H  Evans,  J  Wash- 
burn, M  Sullivan,  Dr  J  B  Chace,  Dr  S  W  Graves,  C  Gardner,  J  Crafts, 
G  W  Blanchard,  J  H  Comer,  C  F  Robinson,  H  Williams,  T  Newbury,  J 
N  Washburn,  G  W  Noyes,  A  H,  Keane,  D  Eveleth,  O  E  French,  Sim 
Briggs,  Geo  Crane,  A  G  Shove,  Peter  Hathaway,  J  Adams,  Wm  Hath- 
away, J  Hathaway.  Wm  CBabbitt,  N  M  Babbitt,  Jos  Gibbs,  Sh  Brown, 
Jas  Chambers,  Albt  Berry,  J  Comstock,  Ed  Clarke,  Michl  Glynn,  G  H 
Martin,  H  Easterbrooks,  Allen  Easterbrooks. 

Bark  Winthrop,  from  Bristol,  R.  I.,  May  6th  : 

Capt  Moore,  Jas  Darling,  H  Willard,  W  P  Munro,  J  N  Walton,  Fran- 
cis West,  T  P  Thurston,  J  J  Ralph,  B  G  and  B  L  West,  W  H  Johnson, 
Isaac  Gorham,  M  D  Bonney,  B  C  Cummings,  S  C  Richmond,  Dd  Bul- 
lock, jr,  Alfd  Peabodie.  E  S  Gladding.  H  R  Warrell,  At  Lake,  S  A 
Lindsey,  Geo  Warrell,  W  E  Wrightington,  Geo  Capparel,  Eli  Darling- 
ton, N  F  Philips,  J  D  Wright,  S  A  Vaughn,  Jos  Paine,  Jos  Armington, 
A  S  Buffington,  W  H  Hammond,  E  F  Mowry,  J  F  Brown,  W  C  Fales. 

Bark  Naumkeag,  from  Providence,  R.  I.  : 

J  H  Mason,  A  B  Cranston,  S  B  Darling,  R  A  Perry,  G  F  Wesson.  H 
A  Billings,  F  O  Smith,  D  McMillen,  J  B  Bradford,  J  B  Perry,  R  B  Bar- 
ton, G  W  Reynolds,  Wm  Reynolds,  J  A  Gardner,  G  A  Sayles,  Rd  Handy, 
Jn  Hale,  R  B  Woodward,  Benson  &  Bean,  H  Phinney,  Chas  Burrough, 
Silas  Alden.  Pat  Corr,  A  N  Olney,  Geo  Burlingame,  S  H  Steere,  H  S 
Tourtelott,  E  C  Thornton,  Chas  Ford. 

Ship  Hopewell,  from  Warren,  sailed  January  26th  : 

E  E  Chase,  Ezra  Dodge,  P  M  Fiske,  J  D  Simmons,  G  T  Bowen, 
J  B  Pierce,  J  E  Razee,  H  Garrison,  Cris  Vaughn,  D  H  Wesson,  N 
B  Horton,  W  J  Silver,  jd  P  Andrews,  W  D  Butts,  L  P  Field,  J  B 
Carder.  R  T  Reynolds,  G  W  Thompson,  C  Burbanks,  T  C  Pierce, 
J  B  Simmons,  W  H  Thurbar,  J  Zurlinder,  Chas  Kerr,  W  M  Cullough, 
H  T  Treadwell.  T  Warner,  Wm  Batcheller,  D  V  Ross,  T  B  Carr,  t  C 
Robbins,  E  B  Windsor,  Warren  Pierce,  H  McDonald,  Edwin  Spencer, 
SI  Tompkins,  W  F  Allen,  Franklin  White,  jr,  B  D  Manton.  Isaac 
Knowles.  G  A  Weeden,  T  S  Angell.  J  P  Williams,  T  C  Peckham,  C 
Dawley,  Wanton  Briggs,  L  Briggs,  J  W  Brown,  Ed  Smith,  Stales  Brown, 
H  Harris,  G  H  Smith,  S  B  Turner,  Cn  Medbury,  J  Luther,  W  L 
Luther,  James  Vinson,  C  M  Child,  C  Sweetser,  J  B  Holmes,  E  Johnson, 
J  T  Holmes,  G  Kinccorn,  W  K  Levett,  C  B  Aldrich.  A  J  Varney,  A 
Sweet,  G  W   King,  G  W  Waterman,  A  Waterman,  N  Pratt,  jr,  A   G 


476  THE  ARGnXAUTS   OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Tripp,  G  W  Randall.  Joseph  Bennett,  N  G  Reynolds,  A  A  Rathbone, 
Whit  Tift.  Thos  Rattensley.  J  H  White,  F  J  Reed,  Darius  Pierce,  C  G 
Hidden,  F  Reed,  Thos  Cole.  Perry  Lawton,  Wm  Smith,  J  M  Hatha- 
way, J  E  Eddy,  Stephen  Grinnell.  Moses  Grinnell,  F  B  Gardner,  Cor- 
nelius Seabury,  M  J  Dooley,  T  U  Palmer,  E  Slocum.  E  F  Gardner,  A  A 
Slocum.  A  J  Corey,  W  H  Surgens,  W  S  Kendrick,  Seth  Partee,  A  W 
Pratt,  Rt  Smith,  Beriah  Mason. 

Vessels  from  New  Orleans,  Baltimore,  Charleston,  Mobile,  Nor- 
folk and  other  Southern  ports  : 

Bark  Kirkland,  from  Baltimore,  February  : 

Dr  Lawrence,  Geo  Golder,  Wm  Golder,  P  W  Keyser,  B  H  Keyser, 
Wm  Ouinlan,  R  L  Thomson,  T  B  Flanigan,  E  P  Linck,  J  P  Reynolds, 
T  Reynolds.  G  Henderson,  James  Henderson,  VV  &  J  Knox,  J  R  Mur- 
phy, G  R  Barclay,  R  M  Dun  kin,  C  J  Hall.  D  P  Marshall,  T  A  Creagh, 
Wm  Bissell.  J  B  Webster,  T  Schaflfer,  J  H  Foster,  Geo  Reppart,  T  F 
Webster,  W  S  Byus,  Dr  Snell,  T  S  Austin,  C  Kettlewell.  H  B  Hosmer, 
J  A  Benson,  W  B  McClatchery,  J  Peppard,  J  Brickett,  J  F  Clark,  Wm 
Adams,  H  J  Irons,  S  J  Webb,  M  B  McCreer}%  Joshua  Peduck,  G  M 
Harris,  Wm  Campbell,  Wm  Taylor.  T  B  Simmons.  S  S  Simmons.  A  Mc- 
Ilvain,  y  E  Chalfin,  Conrad  Gunter,  )  E  Plaster,  C  H  Gibson,  J  E  Chinn, 
J  L  Gregg.  P  R  Grain,  D  W  Paxon,  T  R  Robey,  Wm  Fenton,  J  B 
IBaldwin,  J  Fulkinson,  Hy  Woodson, 

Brig  Jennett,  March  19th  : 

Jas  Lane,  J  E  Perry,  J  Clark,  J  A  Winnermeller,  Dr  Homer,  O  O 
Henty,  E  C  Kelly,  Wm  Harrison,  G  Reynal,  W  W  Anderson,  C  F  Kiers, 
M  Greer,  H  Peagan,  H  A  Redfield,  Ed  Wertha,  J  M  Jenkins,  Josh  Dobb, 
Mike  Sullivan,  Jas  Wilson,  Jn  Denis,  W  J  Lyons,  S  P  Paris,  A  Gololpho, 
F  Tancon,  H  Dresser,  Jn  Elliott,  Mr  Reinhart,  C  Redfield. 

Brig  Henrico,  from  Charleston,  S.  C,  May  3d  : 

Francis  Graham,  H  A  Higley,  M  Magrath,  L  Garland,  Ptk  Lambert, 
E  Comins,  M  Keran,  O  McDonald,  ^Iike  Kennedy,  Ed  Kegan,  Jn 
Brophy,  Ths  Redmond,  J  Maher,  J  Gorman,  Ed  Cain,  J  W  Seeley,  J 
Ferguson,  A  H,  W  M  &  R  Ferguson,  P  Faulkner. 

Members  of  a  Mining  Company  from  INIobile,  overland.  May 
8th  : 

Dr  J  Y  Gardner,  Elijh  Reeder.  J  A  McCrory.  Dr  B  F  Rolfe.  Rev  A  J 
Stevenson.  F  M  Davenport.  A  C  McCrory,  Robt  McCrory,  T  W  Mitch- 
iner,  J  L  Reeder,  Rbt  Turk,  Philip  Friedlander.  Louis  Borneman,  J  W 
Mitchiner,  R  R  Mitchmer,  M  Clay,  Mr  Morris,  —  Schrieber,  Jesse  Liv- 
ingston. 

Ship  Architect,  from  New  Orleans,  Jan.  27th  : 

Dr  King,  wife  and  daughter,  James  Taylor,  wife  and  two  children,  C 
B  C'ddwell  and  wife,  Mrs  E  M  Roland  and  two  children,  Mrs  Lacks, 
Henry  Joseph  and  wife.  B  F  Hynson.  N  Silverthorn.  J  H  Harris,  T  T 
Topping,  L  D  Parker,  Jas  Vance,  A  A  Watson,  W  H  Diggers,  L  J 
Danby,  J  C  Converse.  M  T  Cox,  C  Lawrence,  H  S  Hatch,  L  F  Amclung, 
Wm  Bothwell,  S  R  Mardis.  J  C  Wilson.  J  Grover.  C  S  Knight.  C  A  Hig- 
gins,  Saml  Fulton,  W  E  Deacon,  G  A  Colton,  Thos  Mills,  A  St  Dirier, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  ^77 

Jas  Dunbar,  H  W  Wood,  E  Latafa,  PatO'Naill,  C  B  Griffin,  H  G  Haw- 
kins, E  Peterson,  V  M  Peyton,  |  Cornet,  Tlios  Turner.  John  Larkin,  J 
J  M  Otis,  H  C  Milbourne,  C  VV  Perkins,  P  Forshee,  W  Woodhull,  John 
Cro\\%  John  Rowe,  A  J  Hitchcock,  E  C  Simmons,  Robt  Badon, 

Steamer  Alabama,  sailed  June  17th  : 

J  D  Carr,  Sm  Flower,  Ed  Byrne,  O  H  Perry,  Capt  Chas  Brenham,  J 
Chaleron,  Amos  Merrill,  A  Dupre,  J  Dupre,  Ed  Otis,  R  M  Perry,  F  E 
Tracy,  E  L  Weld,  J  W  Jenkins,  T  H  Ashe,  R  R  Taylor,  W  D  Cowan, 
Sm  Langdon,  S  O  Whitmore,  L  Richardson,  J  D  Moore,  Chas  Wallett, 
M  Barry,  J  F  Stitler,  J  D  Fay,  Theo  Westell,  S  J  Higams,  C  E  Foster, 
G  M  Burnham,  E  B  Stewart,  J  Lusk,  A  Criswell,  R  Randies,  Wm  Mor- 
R  King,  R  Lowrey,  E  B  Hogan,  S  Jacobs,  S  Little,  R  Haight,  Jas 
Thorn,  R  C  Brooks,  R  J  Morris,  C  Beal,  Jas  Walsh,  H  A  Lyons,  J  B 
Stephens,  O  A  Williamson,  E  B  Connor,  J  H  Low,  R  W  Smith,  C  K 
Ilerrick,  L  Carter,  J  L  Davis,  C  B  Davis,  L  Mitchell,  J  Houghton,  R  E 
Clark,  J  Kennedy,  Robt  Small,  J  M  Harvey,  P  O  Neil,  B  C  Edgar,  Jas 
Clark,  Geo  Frost,  C  W  Wood,  G  Rooney,  G  B  Morse,  Robt  Shaw,  R 
S  Jordan,  Peter  Comstock,  Albert  Martini,  Jas  Robertson,  E  Whalen, 
Pat  Reilly,  Jas  Smith,  Thos  Walker,  Wm  Wright,  Jas  Kelly,  Dr  V 
Spaulding.  Robt  Toll,  Thos  Hughes,  C  D  Choiscial,  J  B  Bonnell,  J  S 
Meach,  R  Fanning. 

Brig  Octavia,  sailed  June  26th  : 

Jn  Langnfelt,  T  Sinclair,  G  L  Hamblin,  M  Nolan,  In  Bachet,  L  S  Mc- 
Craine,  H  Body,  E  Clark,  J  P  Tarquin,  W  Darley,  Paul  Wilson,  Luke 
Garnck.'Wm  Masetell,  P  Galamaue,  J  Berry,  A  B  Paul,  D  Fillie,  M  Mays, 
wife  and  son,  J  Clark,  L  Stanton,  G  E  Payne,  M  Lewis,  Dd  Walker,  T 
Sewell,  C  Perkins,  Wm  Ryan,  Dennis  Ryan,  Thos  Kick,  D  Terry,  P 
Ryan,  Dr  Edwards,  Dd  Lawrid,  Andw  O  Donoho,  Mr  Rowland  and  Mrs 
Rowland,  W  R  Taylor,  H  Loane,  H  Ashbury,  C  Wesley,  C  Westfeldt, 
Jos  Grant,  T  Hughes,  —  Evans,  T  L  Reynolds,  Jn  Walker,  R  Bugby, 
Wm  Snipper,  E  Burke,  A  Turner,  Peter  Keiser,  Augst  Broom,  A  Cor- 
nelly,  R  Stag,  T  Klein,  Phil  Watts,  Josiah  Peabody,  H  Schultz,  Peter 
Watkins,  R  Kerr,  S  Blosman,  Lte  Saunders,  H  Stewart,  Chas  Stewart, 
Geo  Carmelin,  Sylvester  Blair. 

Ship  Alhambra,  from  New  Orleans,  April  14th  : 

Sml  Moss,  Geo  Lehr,  wife  and  child,  P  Johnston  and  wife,  L  Kim- 
ball, Mr  Tillman  and  wife,  —  Carlton,  —  Bauman,  — Skilling,  Thos 
Menzies,  J  J  Anson,  Wellers,  Myers,  Buscholdt,  Breedy,  DrToppe  and 
wife,  A  T  Ladd,  wife  and  three  children,  Mr  Lane,  wife  and  two  chil- 
dren, Mr  Comstock,  wife  and  three  children,  Mr  Bogart,  wife  and  two 
children,  Robt  Phillips,  T  H  and  A  Wood,  J  Root,  Capt  Scott,  Dr 
Allen,  Dr  Alvord,  H  Ulrish,  Clark  &  Bennett,  Mr  Crittenden,  R  H  May, 
John  May,  R  Green,  Jn  and  Ths  Long,  Wm  Smith,  J  Mordecai,  wife 
and  son,  J  C  Roch,  wife  and  three  children,  SI  Russell,  Jn  Ricewick, 
C  H  Smith,  Dd  Thomas,  J  Phelps,  G  Phelps,  Anthony  Phelps,  Otis 
Whitcomb,  Wm  Stevens,  Jn  Hutchings,  Wm  Fleming,  Chs  Wilkinson, 
W  W  Mason,  R  Redmond,  D  Nappert,  Mr  Mayhew,  Jn  Chase,  Thos 
Slade,  Chs  Shell,  Dr  Baldwin,  J  Davenport,  Dr  B  Haygarth,  Jn  Walker, 
Geo  Crabbe,  Chs  Brittenham,  Bernard  &  Moore,  Dr  Lee. 


478  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Bark  Florida,  from  New  Orleans,  April  i6th  : 

A  H  Baker.  Corier&  Gillman.  R  and  S  Cox,  Mr  Alverson,  Dr  Bran- 
dis.  B  Vanzandt,  A  and  S  Grennell,  L  Brun,  Thos  Burk,  J  N  Dennett, 
Dr  Houston,  wife  and  child,  R  C  Singer,  C  Shubank,  B  Adie,  C  Ed- 
ward. D  Conroy.  J  Elroy,  S  Cummins,  Capt  H  Bezeen,  Capt  Thos  Ber- 
nard, T  E  Knapp,  F  M  Kuhn.  G  Proctor,  A  A  Simons,  D  H  Trufant,  W 
H  Judah,  O  Clift,  A  Ratcliff,  A  G  Briggs,  Jas  Johuson,  B  Ratcliff,  B 
Brotherton,  R  Hays,  A  Frisby,  M  Clark,  D  Donnelly,  L  Z  Hayden,wife 
and  daughter. 

Steamer  Isthmus,  from  New  Orleans,  April  21st: 

P  F  Hazard  wife  and  child,  Mrs  D  Watson,  J  H  Robinson,  Mayor  R 
S  Garnett.  W  Valentine,  Jn  Crane,  W  P  Bryant,  J  Montero,  J  P  Ryn- 
ders,  W  P  Bowden,  Jn  Donohoe,  Jn  Loud,  J  R  Lewis,  S  Colville,  S  W 
Shaw. 

Bark  Florida,  from  New  Orleans,  January  i6th: 

\V  I)  Grimwood,  H  C  Everett,  A  DChapnay,  A  M  Boyd,  R  McMillan, 
M  S  Chaton,  Rbt  Parker,  \Vm  Jones,  H  Smith,  Jos  Johnson,  Hy  Acker- 
man,  Wm  Martin,  J  W  Ferris,  W  F  Woodcock,  I  Holland  and  brother, 
J  Wilier,  S  G  Beatty,  Mr  McGen,  Rhd  Berry,  Jn  Demerest,  Jn  Galloom, 
E  Berrail,  Geo  Means,  C  B  Wilson,  J  B  Hutchings,  W  D  Dickerson, 
W  L  Barnum,  W  H  Barnum,  Jn  Kelly,  Hy  Roberts,  Thos  Anthony,  Wm 
Ranlett,  Thos  Hudson,  P  Sharp,  Ed  Spring,  Rbt  Livingston,  Hy  Elhnan, 
Oliver  Jones,  Jas  Canick,  Hy  Stebbins,  P  Daniels,  H  Sanistone,  J  H 
Burk,  H  Humphries,  T  W  Hastings,  J  Weeks,  Rd  Cleaveland,  Hy  Kirk- 
patrick,  Ebens  Campbell,  Peter  Alaxwell,  Jas  Kinesland,  J  Havemeyer, 
H  Ingraham,  E  O  Dougherty,  J  J  Jackson,  P  Vatoney,  M  Fagan,  Jn 
Crout,  C  Denredoff,  E  H  Parkinson,  Jas  Pringle.  H  Poindexter,  J  Salva- 
dora,  J  B  Toca,  L  Richings,  Rd  Metcalf,  J  W  Titus,  C  C  Hurd,  Rbt 
Blandin. 

Bark  Madonna,  June  30th: 

Mrs  Edwards,  Mr  E  Phillips, wife  and  2  children,  J  B  Bowles, wife  and 
child,  Wrn  Field,  O  Lamb,  B  Baldwin,  A  Hamilton,  J  S  Goff,  J  Kennedy, 
C  E  Briggs,  J  Perkins,  A  Lisley,  J  Even,  P  Donnelly,  H  Hermann, 
D  Stickney,  J  A  Scneidewr,  J  Peterson,  A  S  Parker,  J  E  Blackwell.  Z  A 
Beatty,  C  B  Hunt,  S  Black,  J  and  R  Black,  G  E  Brookley,  M  Winn, 
P  Fagan,  Jn  Cinney,  J  McCormack,  A  Meezle,  J  Kelly,  J  Hirnse, 
M  Fagan,  P  Nelson,  Bolston,  Cox,  Wheeler,  Frisbe,  Rowland,  Trotter, 
Beverly  and  Burdsall. 

Steamer  Alabama,  July  19th: 

T  Dundas  and  wife,  W  P  Cryce,  Fdk  Coney,  G  E  Strawbridge,  J  M 
Crawford,  A  Fontan,  Jn  Colbane,  T  E  Evershed,  T  Hewes.  J  P  Steedly, 
B  Welhnan,  Anthy  Merck,  Jos  James,  M  Carrin,  J  C  Bouligny,  Thos 
Hart,  W  Stevenson,  J  McDonald,  T  Wilson,  R  B  Davis,  Alex  McDon- 
ald. C  L  Newton,  E  C  Duff.  W  McKane,  G  Mason,  N  Brown,  J  Brown, 
F  W  Bosworth,  T  J  Wilson,  J  K  Johnson,  J  B  Ritter,  Jn  Kiger,  Wm 
Davis,  J  O  Barker,  J  W  K  Frazier,  W  M  Stafford,  D  T  Stafford,  B  F 
Fulton,  Jn  Colgan,  T  S  Robert,  W  H  Stevens,  F  H  Reynolds,  R  S 
Slaughter,  Geo  Harvey,  H  Byron,  J  Wood,  M  Wood,  J  Duncan,  T  Ever- 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  479 

ett,  F  T  Brigham,  Jn  Hobsons,  C  Allen,  Chas  Schlort,  Wm  Austin,  J  S 
Thacker,  W  Kincholl,  J  M  Johnson,  Peter  Dunne,  A  J  Fallon,  E  Her- 
camp,  M  Joseph,  W  Smith,  J  H  Johnson,  A  S  Miller,  H  McKay,  E  W 
Ricliardson,  Otis  Hinckley  and  O  Hinckley  jr,  B  E  Simons,  G  M  Bush, 
Palmr  Phillips,  Eben  Ellis,  Elsha  Ellis,  C  A  Butler,  Semple  Duckworth, 
D  R  Morrison,  J  J  Kendrick,  K  D  Porter,  Chas  Foster,  Thos  Dolan, 
J  L  Ruan,  W  Millard,  R  W  Munnon,  W  T  Hoyt,  A  Furst,  S  C  McLellan, 
S  S  Crafts,  Jos  Gorman,  J  Thompson,  J  C  Camerons,  Elijh  Davis,  N  M 
Callu,  T  Burts,  E  Pierce,  Col  C  Amory,  Jn  Adams,  Wm  Adams,  S  B 
Shaw,  Jn  Linderman,  J  W  Wilson,  Wm  Singleton,  Geo  Lee,  Hugh 
Burns,  Pat  and  Dennis  Mahan,  E  G  Lewis,  Wm  Southard,  Wm  F"unk, 
Thos  Spig,  F  Green,  W  P  Mackintosh,  J  L  Robinson,  E  Williams,  C  T 
Smith,  L  Burke,  Jas  Hunter,  Thos  Cavanagh,  Wm  Murphy,  Chas  Con- 
nor, L  C  Stevens,  C  E  Jack,  H  B  Tucker,  J  H  Smith,  R  W  Jones,  W  J 
Miller,  E  B  Titus,  Chas  Young,  Pat  Fagan,  D  O  Dowd,  Jno  Kauffman, 
R  J  Bachellor,  E  C  Macomb,  Jn  Abrahams,  H  C  White,  Thos  Sewell. 

Steamer  Falcon,  from  New  Orleans,  March  20th  : 

W  H  Willoughby,  P  J  Hickey,  Jn  Irwin,  W  Bager,  J  H  Schlater,  H 
Olsen,  E  Hendrickson,  J  Jergensen,  Philip  Schloss,  L  Reinstein,  G  A 
Coop,  J  M  Kones,  Jas  Heighton,  Wm  Smith,  A  Moratear  and  wife,  J 
Jonners  and  wife,  J  Houston,  T  Parsell,  J  M  Jones,  M  H  L  Schooley,  J 
L  Buckley,  Jas  Corsner,  M  Whittinger,  J  W  Fish,  Ben  Young,  S  M  Hen- 
sill,  Ben  Lockhart,  E  B  Young,  Ed  Moore,  Jn  Hunley,  J  Lockaday,  F 
Wilhelm,  W  J  Berry,  Wm  Herth.  P  C  Hunt,  W  O  Wilson,  J  A  Hearn, 
Alx  W  McClure,  L  G  Petton,  R  H  Witmer,  C  Rooney,  Dr  Wm  M  Guin, 
J  Hill,  Isih  Norwood,  Dd  Dickinson,  W  Blocker.  J  Dickinson,  O  W 
Hinker,  Dr  L  Sober,  D  L  Hinson,  Zack  Dixon,  Dr  L  C  Smith,  J  M 
Pearsall,^J  E  Lyon,  W  K  Jones,  M  Abegy,  Gustus  Bates,  W  VV  Pearce, 
E  Pearsall,  Dr  J  H  Mayo,  Rt  Dickson,  J  M  Hill,  J  M  Kerril,  J  W  Gra- 
ham, D  E  Gillett,  A  Monti,  A  Carlin,  G  Gorton,  C  W  Hart,  S  W  Lewis, 
J  Sullivan,  J  Robert,  I  P  Yancy,  A  B  Gray,  C  J  Whitney,  F  Emory,  G 
F  Hooper,  G  C  Gardner,  Wm  Robbins,  Mr  Ingraham,  Wsly  Walker,  D 
McCanaline,  J  Collins,  J  Bethel,  L  Studiman,  H  Kohn,  G  H  Eggers. 

Schooner  Crescent  City,  from  New  Orleans,  February  28th: 

C  W  Stanton,  Alex  Cooper,  S  Sunderland,  F  P  Sunderland,  Chas 
Lunas,  H  C  Campbell,  G  W  Wylie.  Capt  Tyler,  J  C  Parks,  W  G  Brown, 
S  S  Larrain,  Mr  Wright  and  family,  H  J  Smith,  Jn  Shaw,  R  Jack,  W 
Somerville,  Dd  Walker,  J  Lewis,  J  C  Chisman,  Lewis  &  Dilliman,  M 
Dunbar,  M  M  Smith,  J  Dart,  G  M  Bolls,  F  Folks.  J  W  and  J  L  Folks, 
J  J  B  Scott,  S  S  Griffin,  F  Anthony. W  Phinnev,  H  Dawson,  F Dawson, 
W  Carnehen,  R  Jett,  C  Chase,  M  Turner,  H  McNeal,  Alex  Boyd,  J  Y 
Davis,  L  F  French,  Peter  Deady,  D  J  Burree,  R  B  Wilson,  H  C  Malone, 
Jn  Fisher,  P  C  Butler,  S  N  Houstan,  M  Henley,  Joel  Lightman,  J  H 
Fane,  E  English. 

Steamer  Maria  Burt,  from  New  Orleans,  February  28th  : 
H  C  Stambomugh,  E  P  Gillett,  C  B  Parkman,  B  R  Davidson,  L 
Bax,  V  Delivas.  C  Mennothy,  Albert  Sears,  Long,  Lyons,  Ewing,  Mc- 
Laughlin, H  Denman,  H  Brent.  C  L  Dittoe,  S  W  Phelps,  J  S  May- 
drum,  E  M  Meeks,  N  Ingraham,  T  Henderson,  W  Roog,  O  D  Bottom, 
G  W  Baldwin,  J    A  Southmaid,  Dr  Baldwin,   N  Post,  —  Mitchell,  J  S 


4So  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Howell.  L  Strode,  J  M  Dougherty.  E  M  Baldwin.  N  L  Fisher,  A  Bel- 
cher, J  W  Kirkpatrick,  P  M  Neely,  H  Seaton,  Sam  Hobbs,  J  M  Watson, 
W  Gilnian,  J  M  Martin,  J  Dummigue,  T  L  Mount,  J  Mattingley,  W 
McKnight,  G  W  Faggett,  J  Simpson,  W  Thompson,  H  O  Neal,  P 
McGarity,  Thos  Parkman,  Geo  Banks,  W  Haskins,  C  Bernard,  Saml 
Elliott,  J  Masterton,  P  O  Conner,  H  Smith,  Dr  W  Samuels,  Geo 
Mix,  Thos  Atkinson,  W  Garrison,  S  Thomas,  J  Moore,  J  T  Gillett. 

Steamer  Palmetto,  from  New  Orleans,  March  9th: 
W  Madox,  J  Dana,  R  Evans,  G  W  B  Evans,  L  Ledenhamer.  H  Terry, 
S  B  Johnson,  O  H  Carpenter,  C  Speaker,  S  S  Cameron,  M  M  Cameron, 
W  A  Hallah,  A  T  Parker,  B  F  Hutchinson,  J  C  Macauley,  E  Bruner, 
H  Crittenden,  J  Teats,  A  S  Walmsley,  D  Kenser,  J  W  Lott,  W  H  Lott, 
W  Whitehead,  F  D  Bullock,  J  Owens,  J  Earl,  E  B  Jackson,  A  J  Gregory, 
J  W  Scale,  S  Watson,  J  Livingston,  T  Brazol,  J  Watson,  J  Lacroze,S  B 
Fauntleroy,  T  J  Halliday,  J  McDowell,  J  Perkins,  J  G  Leonard,  M  Mc 
Miller,  C  R  Steward,  G  S  Garrett,  A  C  Garrett,  C  Nevill,  G  Stanwood, 
J  Harvey,  T  Smith,  H  Wilson,  J  Gleason,  M  Stockwell,  T  Jones,  Major 
Buckman,  J  W  Armstrong,  J  A  Garrett,  D  Elting,  J  Baily,  T  Watson. 

Schooner  Friendship,  from  New  Orleans,  May  9th: 

T  Guard,  F  Arnold  wife  and  2  children,  J  Arnold  and  wife,  A  Hamil- 
ton, D  F  Sayres,  S  Ramsey,  Dr  Harris  and  wife,  J  Siwell,  T  MacKay, 
H  Valley  and  wife,  M  Cartier  and  wife,  P  Youngman  and  wife,  J  Mc 
Dougall,  J  Ryan,  W  Henwood,  V  Pohl. 

Schooner  St.  Mary,  May  10th: 

Dr  T  H  Logan,  Dr  Shiel  and  wife,  C  Fiesca,  E  T  Wilkins,  B  T  Davis, 
J  Boiling,  R  E  Boiling,  R  H  Pegram,  E  E  Markman.  T  C  Smith,  E  D 
Foundray,  J  S  Carrington,  W  R  Cox,  H  C  Durald,  J  R  Valleau,  C  End- 
field,  T  Widnan. 

Brig  Mayor  Estand,  from  New  Orleans,  May  12th: 

Dr  Billings,  B  F  Hastings,  Dr  J  D  Wydown,  P  W  Weeks,  J  M  Wat- 
son, D  Baldwin,  H  Critcher,  M  Henderson,  D  C  Cleaveland,  F  Cutlett, 
F  Lynch,  P  Yeager,  Wm  Barnes,  C  Campbell,  J  H  White,  C  Wilson, 
P  Jarvis,  H  King,  Ben  Ray,  J  L  Chaplain,  Josh  Lipman,  P  H  Ilooff, 
W  H  Small,  J  Read,  Thos  Vater,  P  Collins,  W  W  Light,  Abm  Moses, 
Jn  Moses,  T  L  Varney,  Jos  Fagan,  J  L  Fagan,  J  B  Marten,  j  H  Mallett, 
H  Seaton,  N  Ingraham.  J  Donnegan,  A  Belcher,  J  W  Dougherty,  T  L 
Mount.  E  W  Baldwin,  W  R  Pope,  L  Mattingly.  J  Creeslen  J  W  Tag- 
gard,  W  McKnight,  J  W  Kirkpatrick,  W  F  Gallman,  P  Nelly,  L  and  K 
Krause,  Mr  Bod'ley,  Mr  Mason,  K  F  Holt.  T  F  Welby,  J  S  Holt,  W  P 
Keans,  W  J  Nelson,  J  H  Harbarma,  L  Lindiver,  Wm  Nelson,  F  Gimble, 
D  McCarthy,  B  F  Develle,  J  R  Brown.  G  W  Develle,  D  Campbell,  J  Mc 
Gookey,  D  Metcalf  and  sons,  F  Carter,  Joseph  Spencer,  C  Heird,  J  Mit- 
chell, C  Frazee,  J  F  Gillett,  E  P  Gillett,  C  B  Parkman,  B  K  Davidson, 
G  [3rinley,  J  F  Castle,  C  L  Smith,  — Brown,  Lehman  and  Fitshugh, 
L  Lyon,  H  Schrougle,  H  Sears,  L  B  Long,  E  Carll.  S  Hillman,  T  P  Sage, 
Jas  McFee,  N  L  Fisher,  Thos  Gibson,  HyCrandall,  — Applegate,  — Tib- 
bat.  V  O  Stroder.  G  W  Baldwin.  }  A  Southmaid,  M  Camerden,  M  Ryan, 
H  G  Moberg,  J  C  Parks,  J  Post,  F  Hoc,  G  Sherwood. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  481 

Steamer  Globe,  from  New  Orleans,  Feb.  17: 

Brent,  Pearce,  Gill,  \\  Smith,  Hawkins,  Pierce,  Lawrence,  Harding, 
lohnson,  Boots,  Fisher,  Heath,  Haines,  Merritt,  Jaries,  McGilvary,  Ur 
Scott,  Evans,  White,  Darge,  Swan,  Marthis,  Bowers,  Brown,  Driggs, 
Clapp,  Donaldson,  Clough,  Babcock,  Chew,  Hopkins,  Soule,  Eddings, 
J  F  Stover,  West,  Baldwin,  J  P  Gates,  Martin,  Adams,  Paulding,  Thom- 
son, Swain,  Kendall. 

Brig  Jenette,  from  New  Orleans,  Feb.   17th: 

J  OConnell,  Dd  Gilbert,  James  Lane,  Jn  Perry,  Jn  Clark,  J  A  Wine- 
miller,  O  V  Beaty.  Daton  Hamer,  E  C  Kelly,  Wm  Harrison,  G  Reynal, 
W  W  Anderson,  C  F  Klein,  Alonzo  Green, H  U  Redfield,  H  Fagare,  Jn 
Foster,  Ed  Bertha,  J  W  Jenkins,  Jos  Dobb,  Mike  Sullivan,  Jas  Wilson, 
Jn  Dean,  VV  J  Lyons,  S  P  Paris,  An  Galolpho,  H  V  Dresser,  F  Taneau, 
Jn  Elliott,  R  C  Redfield. 

Steamer  Isthmus,  from  New  Orleans,  February  19th  : 
H  H  Booker,  Wm  Nunnally,  Robt  Davidson,  J  L  Freanor,  P  A  Morse, 
J  H  Baird,  S  B  Sheldon,  N  D  Latimer,  Sol  Coulter,  Ed  Jones,  I  P  Coles, 
C  Higginbotham,  J  S  Connally,  Geo  Brown,  J  S  T  Cochran,  W  H 
Wheeler,  L  M  Wheeler,  H  G  Wheeler,  Dr  M  Davenport,  E  Lott,  H  F 
Jourdan,  Jn  T  Webster,  F  G  Bartlett,  Lewis  Kign,  J  E  Bertha,  Jas  Nor- 
ris,  E  L  Davis,  W  F  Herre,  J  T  Wheeler,  Ed  Maunsell,  Ed  Millspaugh, 
J  C  Carroll,  Robt  Hall,  Jn  Taylor,  Josph  Dorian,  Aug  Wright,  Chnsn 
Weber,  Wm  Goin,  C  H  Sanborne,  Wm  McKinsey,  W  G  Little,  C  S 
Hayden. 

Brig  Perfect,  from  New  Orleans,  February  23d  : 
Arny,  Otey,  Hurst,  Collins,  Powers,  Wirlun,  Beetomen,  A  D  Rogers, 
R  W  Murphy,  M  Bird,  M  Staling,  John  Gwiney,  M  Nolan,  S  A  Hicks, 
F  J  Spain,  H  S  Puckett,  S  L  Richardson,  H  Maynadier,  Wm  Richards, 
J  M  O  Reed,  H  G  Foster,  W  B  Sloane,  J  D  Crosby,  T  Brackett,  E  Hig- 
ley,  W  G  Nolan,  A  Conn,  M  Fleming,  J  H  Millmore,  T  P  Park,  Thos 
Bowling,  R  Bowling,  T  Merton,  B  F  Davis,  O  W  Van  Tayl,  J  Kelly,  H 
Stidger,  TJ  McQueen,  M  Jones,  J  Callihan,  J  C  Drummond,  J  Rivard, 
John  Reed. 

Steamer  Galveston,  from  New  Orleans,  February  2d  : 

J  V  Paine,  Wm  M  Burgoyne,  A  W  Alexander  and  wife,  Ls  Dickson, 
H  G  Brown,  J  H  Kidd,  Chas  Chinn,  Dr  S  W  Rogers,  Rev  S  Lindsley, 
S  L  Jacobs.  A  Hess,  L  Lizard,  J  Wood,  O  M  Sheldon,  Dr  Gindrat,  S 
Paul,  J  Davidson,  Clock,  Bibb,  Boyd,  Skates,  Gerard,  Cowles,  Lewis, 
Cabot,  Yarborough,  Dr  R  Belle,  Dr  W  A  Shaw,  J  Irwin,  J  L  Badger, 
Jas  Walker,  J  Fitzgerald,  R  Scranton,  M  T  Bryan,  Wm  Dewey,  Danl 
Ritchie,  M  Smith,  Robt  Blacon,  J  Cook,  J  Trufell,  H  Fredricks,  J  S 
Greenfield,  P  H  Bartlett,  T  J  Young,  J  Thompson,  D  Disborough, 
Knapp,  J  McClintock,  Aaron  Nash,  G  L  Rogers,  G  W  Burrus,  W  H 
Mattock,  Jas  Anthony,  Wm  Craine,  W  A  Piper,  J  M  Julian,  J  Murphy, 
J  Q  Piper,  W  P  Henry,  J  W  Blackburn,  M  L  Mem  per,  Hiram  Weston, 
Hy  Weston,  A  Chabot,  W  Anderson,  Clemon  Reves,  Jos  Green,  F  Ren- 
agle,  Chas  Phillips,  T  Gosling,  L  G  Lyon,  J  Gantz,  Jos  Tavlor,  J  Blood, 
E  W  Fish,  C  Smith,  J  W  Hammond,  T  E  Gray,  J  McGehee,  T  Cad- 
wallader,   Thos     Phillips,    S    Fleisbecker,   Wm    Hornbeck,    I    Miller, 


482  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

J  Benson,  C  Ackernian,  M  Scharb,  H  Bodenheim,  A  \Vise,W  G  Peters, 
S  H  Cadv,  E  A  Faber,  G  H  Peabody,  D  McLaren,  D  J  Lemmon,  J 
Ward.  E  'Williams,  R  C  Webb,  Dan  Davis,  M  Rostrop,  E  Beard,  C  E 
Moss,  Jon  Dunning,  J  T  Simmons,  R  G  Rieber,  T  Jackson.  G  Scott,  J 
Thompson,  R  J  Manning,  Eugne  Spalding,  Ed  Lewellyn,  Chas  Koln- 
gay,  J  J  Aynes,  J  Stutsman,  T  VV  Gibson,  J  C  Lander,  Alex  Todd,  W  C 
Bussy.  Gt  Stephens,  Jos  Parker,  J  S  Fullerton,  J  H  Miller,  Wm  Gantry, 
J  M  Gerrish,  Jno  Rich,  Robt  O'Brien,  B  M  Jordan,  J  Cook,  J  Moreland, 
S  Staught,  G  L  Leese,  W  W  Rose,  D  C  Wood,  J  Wood,  jr,  J  J  Maxwell, 
C  Brown,  Dd  Woods,  C  G  Amnion,  J  J  Kendrick.  J  G  Donna,  J  A  Tal- 
bot, Wm  Wilson,  J  A  Madisgrove,  Pat  Hale,  Albright  Lum,  Bennett  & 
Curtis,,  A  Pare,  Mr  Benedict,  J  D  Burn,  G  W  Clarke,  H  Fullerton,  Thos 
McFarlane. 

Steamer  McKim,  from  New  Orleans,  f^eb.  13th: 

Mr  Hennings  and  wife,  Mr  Solomon,  Mr  Tineberg,  T  Purnell,  H  P 
Watkins,  J  R  Painter,  F  Baker,  J  Swarthout,  Dr  D  Goodale,  J  Gardner, 
C  P  Fargo,  J  P  Painter,  Mr  Murphy,  J  B  Wadsworth,  H  V  Keep, 
J  Vandyke,  B  Ganer,  Mr  Tillman,  G  Beard,  T  S  H  Roberts,  E  K 
Valient,  D  Kearney,  G  Turner  Wm  Gillespie,  H  Clark,  J  M  Sesbros, 
Mr  Rathbon,  J  S  Larne,  W  T  L  Hemmedieu,  C  M  Fought,  S  Jones, 
J  Alston,  F  Schiffer,  A  Fisher,  J  Ryan,  G  Gilliams,  A  Mitchell,  H  Bow- 
den,  Francis  Daney,  J  C  Wood  and  son,  A  Elkin,  P  P  Powell,  E  B  Os- 
borne, A  Gugal,  H  S  Russell,  W  Gish,  J  C  Robb,  Wm  Wiggins,  G  O 
Shipway,  Hy  Steele,  J  A  Dunn,  E  U  Gaudy,  W  H  Comper,  Dd  Austin, 
H  Herring,  Wilberham  and  Barclay,  J  A  Menicher,  J  H  Tanner. 

Brig  Acadian,  from  Boston,  Feb.  4th: 

Wm  H  Mitchell,  A  H  Barker,  Chas  Hutchins,  A  J  Mitchell,  Ben 
Barker,  E  Blake,  H  R  Taylor,  J  Rhoades,  L  Brown  jr,  W  H  Hebard, 
C  E  White,  D  P  Holbrook,  A  D  Adams,  W  B  Carlyle,  S  P  Wells,  T  B 
Cunningham. 

Holyoke  company,  from  Northampton,  Feb.  3d 

Rd  Chenery,  M  Hubbard,  H  I  Hodges,  C  G  Starkweather,  John 
Prouty,  Fdk  Lyman,  O  C  Wright,  W  S  Allen,  E  C  Clark,  Barton  Bisbee, 
Nat  Tower,  S  N  Bosworth,  E  C  Gushing,  F  B  Phelps,  J  G  McKindley, 
P  A  Merrick.  M  N  Hubbard,  John  Fish,  D  S  Reed,  Francis  Baker, 
Andrew  Bradbury. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  vessels  and  their  passengers  that  sailed 
from  the  State  of  Connecticut  to  California  in  1849: 

Schooner  Mary  Taylor,  from  New  London,  Jan.  10,  1849: 

J  D  Hobron  Capt,  R  Sweet,  L  Beckwith,  J  M  Latimer,  Chas  Squire, 
R  E  Selden,  O  Webber. 

Schooner  Velasco,  January  24th: 

E  B  Morgan,  D  Davis,  M  R  Packer,  J  D  Avery,  O  H  Morgan,  C  G 
Newbury,  R  S  Chapman,  A  Chapman,  N  M  Daboll,  J  Butty,  Levi  Chap- 
man, Lyman  Chapman,  G  E  Lamb,  C  Morgan,  R  Carey,  A  H  Grant,  T 
Wilson,  Wm  Bray,  E  D  Wightman,  J  S  Lester,  R  Stoddard.  W^m  Chap- 
man, S  A  Stoddard,  S  R  Parlin,  Henry  Deane,  F  S  Hotchkiss.N  Smith, 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  483 

D  L  Phillips,  Wm  Phillips,  J  A  Stoddard,  Wm  H  Webb,  M  Curtis,  G 
H  Fish.  B  W  Morgan,  D  A  Fox,  F  R  Smith,  J  M  L  Cheesebro,  G  Hunt- 
ley, _N  Chipman. 

Schooner  Oddfellow,  January  29th,  1849  : 

D  Stoddard,  jr,  S  Perkins,  E  M  Rodgers,  Sol  Perkins,  E  Arthur,  O 
Stoddard,  L  A  Brown,  A  A  Williams,  A  B  Stoddard,  Wm  H  Stodddrd, 
R  Arthur,  F  A  White,  J  A  Allen.  C  S  Beebe,  J  Miller,  F  J  McFarlane. 
F  D  Keeney,  A  A  Keeney,  C  G  Rogers,  O  Swain,  J  W  P  Huntington, 
G  F  Champlin,  E  English. 

Ship  Mentor,  January  30th,  1849  • 

J  M  Howard,  G  W  Brown,  B  B  Blydcnburg,  A  B  Welch,  J  Brownlee, 
F  A  Jerrome,  C  H  Davison,  G  VV  Toby,  A  B  Lamb,  E  C  Smith,  G  H 
Hobron,  J  Wait,  S  H  Frickett.  G  Payne,  J  G  Ford,  P  Spencer,  A 
Pember.  H  Mason,  H  Fagan,  C  Chapman,  A  D  Locke,  H  Sterry.  D  B 
Hemsted,  jr,  J  Lanpheer,  J  Harris,  G  H  Bouton,  J  M  Brown,  T  Payne, 
G  C  Vaughn,  H  Burnett,  J  B  Peck,  G  C  Burnham  J  C  Callbreath,  G 
Tillotson,  C  Tillotson,  J  A  Lathrop.  J  Taylor.  L  F  Mussey,  R  S  Smith, 
F  B  Latimer.  W  E  Woodruft,  A  T  Case,  J  C  Daniels,  J  R  Miller,  E  H 
Allen.  J  T  Boyce,  G  N  Andrew,  J  Schofield,  C  Darrow,  M  H  Smith,  E 
A  Atwood,  G  H  Rogers,  G  R  Andrews,  J  Burbeck.  W  S  Belden,  O 
Schoffield,  M  Smith,  J  Sweet,  A  Stillman,  S  White,  A  C  Mosher, 
T  White,  H  White,  J  H  Gordon,  J  Prentice,  J  Calvert,  S  Allender,  F 
Potter. 

Schooner  Alfred,  March  7th,  1849  : 

J  L  Harris.  J  B  Latimer,  E  Avery.  E  E  Comsrock,  M  Warren,  S  M 
Cady,  Wm  J  Cady,  Wm  H  Pray,  G  W  Spaulding,  G  Brand,  R  Payne,  E 
Stone,  J  Graves,  H  Young.  D  Turner,  I  F  Bailey,  Wm  C  Allyn,  G  S 
Dorrance,  G  C  Allyn.  A  Buck.  J  C  Buck.  E  E  Matteson,  A  Harvey,  J  B 
Burnet,  }  Turner,  Wm  W  Mathevvson,  E  Aldrich,  C  Peck. 

Schooner  Willimantic,  March  13th,  1849  • 

R  J  Rogers,  C  Chapman,  R  B  Smith,  J  Jerrome,  M  Comstock,  H 
Young,  G  R  Miner,  G  R  Congdon,  R  Griswold,  H  Griswold,  Wm  May- 
nard,  C  Migell,  I  Hyde,  Wm  H  Chamberlain,  E  Darling,  R  B  Whitte- 
more,  G  H  Chamberlain,  Wm  A  Abbott,  M  A  Seagraves. 

Bark  Flora,  June  30th,  1849  : 

Wm  M  Baxter,  Jas  H  Rogers,  Wm  States,  F  D  Brandigee,  M  Lewis, 
G  W  Collins.  W  C  Hubbard,  R  Smith,  N  S  Mallory.  W  S  Douglass,  H 
Crocker,  W  Jones.  D  Comings,  R  Green,  A  Hazard,  A  DeSilva,  C  H 
Patterson,  G  Polsom,  J  Wilbur,  R  Baxter,  J  P  Hampstead,  E  Hemsted, 
R  A  Morgan,  C  Culver,  J  Ward  and  Wife.  G  A  Rogers,  E  E  Farnham, 
G  L  Boswell,  G  Gorham.  J  Culver,  G  Kerkner,  J  Forsyth,  G  Whittemore, 
L  Peck,  C  D  Lyman,  G  Beach,  A  Pelisse,  J  Tinker,  J  Douglass,  H  Dart, 
G  Bishop,  H  R  Stoddard,  G  Douglass  and  wife. 

Bark  Palladium,  August  4th,  1849  : 

A  McLean,  C  Watrous,  D  H  Potter.  A  Newby,  Alex  McLean,  J  D 
Mercer,  S  Darrow,  G  C  Chisane,  H  H  Pember.  W  H  Champlin,  W  E 
Almy,  D  H  Ayers,  S  V  Bingham,  G  H  Lester,  E  Mosier,  H  M  Nickols, 
E  Tinker. 


484  THE  AKGO.XAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Bark  Curtis,  Aug  17th,  1849  : 

L  S  Pearson,  R  C  Crocker,  G  L  Williams,  H  Lyman,  W  G  Belles.  O 
A  Middleton,  D  C  Miner,  C  Mainiere,  J  H  Stale)-,  C  S  Bingham,  G 
Case,  G  Monroe,  John  Lynch,  O  Ingraham,  E  L  Rose,  D  Parinton,  G 
L  Spicer,  J  L  Burrows,  John  Dilloby. 

Schooner  Andes,  Aug.  i8th,  1849: 

L  G  Keeney,  T  McKinstry,  L  Valentine,  D  Star,  S  H  Eaton,  W  G 
Nugem,  M  Joseph,  Gibson,  Jones. 

Schooner  Julius  Pringle,  Aug.  27th,  1849  : 

S  E  Buchanan,  W  Potter,  D  Tinker,  J  H  Chapman,  E  Holmes,  A 
Robinson,  ]  Jeffrey,  H  Gordon,  D  Jetlrey,  H  H  Cornell,  J  Reeves,  A 
W  Mason.  C  C  Culver,  E  Root,  A  G  Tryon,  C  Church,  E  C  Chapman. 
A  T  Tryon. 

Bark  Columbus,  Oct.  24th,  1849  : 

J  Chester.  E  Frink,  J  D  Brockway.  J  F  Durfee,  E  B  Chipman,  J  Pi- 
mer.  G  Huntlev,  A  R  Fuller.  H  G  Mason,  J  T  Van  Slyke,  W  Rogers,  G 
H  Henfield.  W  H  Bush.  D  Crocker,  J  H  Davis,  H  T  Bush,  P  Bent,  S  F 
Randall,  H  Pendleton,  H  C  Hazem. 

Ship  Alexander,  Oct.  30th,  1849: 

T  Long,  Mrs  Long,  A  John,  M  Jose,  M  Williams,  F  J  Minson,  B  Shaw, 
F  Corner:,  D  E  Dodge,  jr,  B  F  Austin,  C  Merrills,  W  La  Piere,  J  Dart, 
J  Ball,  J  L  Dennis,  W  Fisher,  W  Amadon,  W  G  Bush,  J  Bush,  J  Scott, 
G  Perrine,  A  Cole.  E  Perrine,  J  Williams,  H  A  Darrow,  R  S  Miller,  G 
T  Smith. 

Schooner  Mount  Vernon,  Oct.  31st,   1849  : 

J  M  Buddington,  A  B  Baldwin,  W  H  Kenyon,  H  C  Harris,  P  Harris, 
J  Webb,  W  Lax,  C  A  Harris,  J  A  Comstock,  O  G  Rogers,  P  Wallace, 
M  Elliot,  J  Comstock. 

Schooner  Orleans,  Nov.  2d,  1849: 

M  Tinker.  S  Stroud,  L  Fuller,  F  Tracy,  C  Ballcom,  W  Rogers,  jr, 
T  Rogers,  E  Church,  J  E  Champlin. 

Schooner  Edward  L.  Frost,  Nov.  7th,  1849  : 

E  D  Rogers,  H  P  Baker,  A  Bolles.  I  I  Church.  C  Waterman,  C  Bur- 
rows, S  S  Burrows,  D  Bubson,  B  G  Rogers,  J  B  Miner,  A  A  Lester. 

Schooner  Sarah  Lavinia,  Nov.  24th,  1849  : 

]  H  Butler,  J  N  Davis,  J  H  Butler,  jr.  I  Ewen.  R  P  Baker,  W  H  Hill, 
MS  Baker,  J  C  Lamb,  C  Shaler,  G  Beebe. 

Schooner  Boston,  Nov.  24th,  1849  : 

J  Nash,  G  H  Hall,  G  M  Nash,  J  C  Nash,  W  R  Keables,  J  T  O'Brien, 
W  B  Bowen,  D  B  Williams,  jr. 

Ship  Chas.  Carroll,  Dec.  6th,  1849  : 

F  Smith,  C  B  Chapel,  W  Lyon.  C  Chipman,  S  G  Beebe,  W  Gardner, 
M  Jackson,  H  Freeman,  S  Hicks,  A  Morris,   B  Holmes,  J  Rose,  J  H 


THE    ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  485 

Higgins,  P  Norton,    M  Igo,  J  Sweet,  C  H  Beebe,  C  Coit,  E  Baker,  J  A 
Spicer,  E  R  Ewen,  A  W  Moore,  A  G  Beebe,  E  Beebe. 

Schooner  Empire,  from  Mystic,  February  ist  : 

Capt  Ingham,  W  Wilbur,  C  C  Sisson,  Wni  Eldridge,  J  A  Edgcomb,  E 
R  Burrows,  N  T  Sawyer,  Wm  Palmer,  Geo  Simms,  E  Ingham,  R  Doug- 
lass, O  F  Redfield,  C  T  F  Palmer,  E  Baker,  David  Webster. 

Schooner  Sea  Witch,  from  Mystic,  February  ist  : 

Capt  H  B  Lesis,  W  L  Lewis,  W  Reed,  B  Burrows,  J  Latham,  B  F 
Chapman,  W  H  Dennison,  S  Appleby. 

Ship  Trescott,  from  Mystic,  January  30th  : 

H  D  Chesebro,  H  N  and  A  Amsbury.  H  Clift,  Horace  Ingraham, 
John  Barber,  D  B  Patrick,  Jas  Mallory,  Dr  R  Williams,  Hiram  Apple- 
man,  N  N  Appleman,  W  H  Dennison,  C  O  Brewster,  S  Chadwick,  Wm 
Church,  C  H  Stanton,  G  D  Forsyth,  C  H  Davis,  Sidney  Smith,  J  Pen- 
dleton, N  H  Wheeler,  M  Burch,  in  Stevens,  P  M  Randall,  A  M  Hewitt, 
T  C  Philips,  S  P  Brown,  Wm  Hewitt,  T  C  Philips,  S  P  Brown.  Wm 
Hewitt,  T  N  Wood,  Wm  Faulkner,  Geo  Warren,  J  L  Devotion,  G  W 
Carpenter,  R  G  Coit,  J  Prentice,  H  Talcott,  H  Hopkins,  W  A  Nor- 
throp, H  W  Whittaker,  G  A  Marble,  A  D  Hooker,  W  W  Wilkinson,  O 
Suerman,  Mr  Manning,  Dr  A  D  Hazard,  S  B  Low,  J  S  Woodmanson, 
Shav,r&  Vanburen,  A  Avery,  Thos  Gates. 

Schooner  G  N  Montague,  from  New  Haven,  January  27th  : 

G  H  Montague,  R  N  Montague,  J  B  Hutchins,  Jas  Barnett,  P  T 
Miller,  Elihu,  Gorham,  Randolph  Barnes,  H  D  Monson,  G  Graham, 
G  S  Ely,  Ransom  Dibble,  F  M  Montague,  H  M  Beecher,  Jas  Brady, 
Warren  Ives,  Dan  Curry,  W  S  Porter,  C  F  Baldwin,  J  T  Benedict, 
Rt  Smith,  S  S  Woodruff,  Wm  Clark,  Fdk  Cook,  S  E  Barnes,  A  F 
Barnes,  J  S  C  Jones,  W  J  Clark,  Aaron  Higby,  S  W  Parmelee,  A  E 
Campe,  N  F  Griswold,  J  E  Belden,  C  C  Coe,  A  N  Jackson,  J  B 
Jackson,  T  C  Hubbard,  Julius  Bassett,  Wm  M  Wallace,  W  Hum- 
phries, jr,  L  E  Johnson,  Moses  James,  J  N  Buel,  Eugene  Durand,  An- 
son Piatt,  Edgar  French,  Wheeler  Bassett,  E  F  Baldwin,  S  I  Parme- 
lee, G  W  Smith,  C  H  Daniels,  E  H  Rogers,  D  W  Norton,  Rossiter 
Robbins,  J  B  Fitch. 

Bark  J  Walls,  from  New  Haven,  June  26th  : 

Capt  Sanford,  N  M  Wallis,  Dan  Drew,  C  Carter,  C  H  Taylor,  J  Alex- 
ander, Shererd  Weldman,  Hugh  McNeil,  Ed  Booth,  W  A  Noyes,  Abl 
Robinson,  Php  Hennessey,  j  Williams,  W  L  Farley,  Jas  Andrews,  A 
H  Glover,  Wm  Libbey,  E  Cherrington,  Geo  Wilson,  J  H  Lounder,  J  H 
Mack,  A  H  Cook,  G  H  Foote,  Wash  Tuttle,  W  J  Smith,  H  W  Bying- 
ton,  Dr  E  Edmonson,  Rev  M  E  Willing,  J  F  Barnes,  Stephen  Bidwell, 
Jn  Cunningham,  Wm  Dunn,  W  M  B  Gorham,  M  S  Gillette,  Hy 
Leonard,  R  W  Monson,  Geo  Pratt,  S  L  Potter,  L  R  Stevenson,  G  Smith. 
H  C  Smith,  M  P  Thomas,  L  Wheeler,  S  F  Hicks,  A  T  Bunnell,  G  A 
Colton,  T  F  Castle,  C  W  Foster,  N  E  Hawley,  Hiram  Jerome,  W  L 
Kilbourne,  Levi  Langdon,  Wm  Morgan,  C  A  Moses,  J,  H  Root,  W  M 
Warren,  S  P  Burdict,  J  F  Beach,  J  L  Clark,  S  H  Clark,  Theo  Green, 
I  R  Rigby,  Nathn  Mansfield,  E  W  Nettleton,  S.  D  Steel,  H  K  Stowe, 
Sml  Tibbats,  I  N  Gilbert,  Ambro  Hall,  R  M  Kirkham,  J  W  Narramore. 


486  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

A  X  Welton,  S  B  Blakeslee,  G  L  Goldsmith,  Lewis  Clemmons,  Lym 
Smith.  R  C  Bronson.  Hy  Betts.  T  B  Davis.  T  Jones.  A  W  Dorman,  S 
D  Hills.  Giles  Stillman.  Norman  Mills,  Chs  Stone,  Z  Mallory,  [as  Smith, 
Geo  Jacobs.  Wm  Smith,  N  VV  Wallis,  S  P  Gammons,  Danl  Drew,  E  H 
Hunting,  H  D, Piatt,  Thos  Bishop,  Gdfy  Blutoe,  H  E  Johnson,  H  J 
Wallace,  Thos  Abrams,  N  M  Hicks,  I  H  Merriam,  H  W  Stillman,  A  B 
Candee. 

Bark  J  Merrihew,  from  Searsport,  June  23d: 

J  W  Boynton,  Wm  Savage,  F  A  Rogers.  Josh  Palmer,  J  T  Webb  & 
Son,  G  A  Hamblin,  Francis  Garland,  W  W  Hersey,  A  C  Weeks,  W  M 
Libbey,  Wm  Farwell,  A  J  Egery.  W  H  Ratcliff,  J  F  Parker.  Cyrus  True, 
I  C  Fowler,  Jn  VVhitehouse,  Hy  Work,  Paul  Brown,  Jas  Worthy,  Capt 
S  Rider,  C  C  Stubbs,  (ieo  Walker,  Capt  G  Pierce,  I  H  Dwight,  Dd 
Whitehouse,  Wm  Clarke. 

Bark  Suliote,  from  Belfast,  Me.,  Jan.  30th: 

L  S  Straw,  Chas  and  Elisha  Webb,  John  and  P  L  Webb,  G  C  C  Fitts, 
Jo  Hanson,  Wm  Short,  S  S  Short,  A  E  Raynes,  R  B  Cram,  Jos  Day,  jr. 
S  O  Pierce,  Prince  Thomas,  E  W  Bartlett,  Wm  B  Carr,  John  Pratt,  R 
S  Hall,  S  T  Peck,  John  Pollard,  A  Kirkpatrick,  S  Pattengill,  A  R  De- 
crow,  Jos  Leavitt,  Ben  Griffin,  Thos  Farrow,  C  B  Merrill,  W  L  Torry, 
F  Patterson,  Wm  Griffin,  J  F  Hall,  Benj  Bradford,  G  and  J  Dudley,  Jos 
Sherman,  A  J  Hubbord,  G  T  Crabtree,  J  P  Dyer,  F  H  Follansbee,  Jos 
Cusac,  Andrew  Bean,  A  G  Brown,  B  H  Brown,  A  W  Burrill,  W  H 
Weeks,  L  Grannell,  A  H  Johnson,  Thos,  Dinsmore,  A  Gamble. 

Ship  Eudorus,  from  Frankfort,  Me.,  Feb.  15th: 

D  L  Dickey,  J  S  Martin,  Capt  L  Blanchard,  G  A  Warren,  J  J  Burn- 
ham,  Jas  Swett,  T  Boynton,  E  S  Buxton,  A  Alrord,  S  R  Taylor,  C  T 
Holland,  M  B  Dunbar,  W  B  Stacy,  A  Godfrey,  R  Wiggin,  W  H  Bridges, 
J  F  Hutchinson,  Jas  Mullay,  Dd  Gibson,  R  Nowell,  Wm  Soule,  G  F 
Bixby,  John  Gordon,  H  H  Gray,  C  V  Moor,  N  Butler,  G  Martin,  G  W 
and  W  H  Dunbar. 

Members  of  a  Mining  Company,  from  Manchester,  N.  H.,  who 
sailed  in  February: 

J  B  Clarke,  S  S  Wilson,  J  Taylor.  Wm  Ritterbush,  F  S  Soule,  J  N 
White,  Alex  White,  H  M  Weed,  W  J  Brown.  E  B  Williams.  Eben  Had- 
ley,  Wm  Mace,  W  W  Brown,  Moses  Hill,  Ed  McAllister,  H  P  Wilson, 
A  McNab,  S  E  Gault,  J  C  Gault,  G  McAllister,  1  Wallace,  J  N  Caswell, 
J  S  Fogg,  J  A  Gould,  J  McMurphy,  J  B  Sofford,  Dan  Elliott,  Wm 
Parker,  Andrew  Jackson,  H  Jackson,  Jo  L  Stephens,  J  S  Batchelder, 
MrClough,  C  A  Reed,  J  H  Lawrence,  C  M  Smith,  D  H  Rand,  Dd 
Marsh,  1  B  Gustin,  Dan  Haines,  John  Stevenson. 

Bark  Warwick,  sailed  April  21st: 

J  R  Saunders,  S  R  McClintock,  A  J  Ocletree,  I  B  Levan,  R  J  C  Jahn, 
O  F  Livingston,  T  Carmichael.  Geo  Huey,  J  J  Beris,  Ruben  Larch,  M 
M  Dernere,  W  T  Crosby,  J  R  Abbott,  W  C  Miller,  J  and  J  W  Cowan. 
Josiah  Tomlin,  Jos  Croud,  J  S  Sparry,  Thos  Coates,  Geo  Calden,  N  P 
Holland,  Jon  Brannan,  S  A  St  John,  Ed  Bartling,  R  Bond. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  487 

Ship  Europe,  sailed  July  3d: 

C  L  Bache,  J  H  E  Stockton,  Josiah  Morris,  R  T  Stockton,  J  T  Harris, 
Jas  Devine  and  wife.  Mr  Sterling,  wife  and  daughter  and  two  children, 
Jn  Vallier,  E  G  Doyle  and  wife,  H  Tilghman,  C  D  Simpson,  GET 
St  Garser,  C  C  Paine,  C  W  Eield,  Aaron  Schroyer,  J  B  Illick,  O  Cran- 
harron,  J  B  Murphy,  Jn  Devine,  J  N  Hageny,  Rbt  Morrow,  R  E  Taylor, 
E  J  Price,  Jos  Smkh,  J  D  Christman,  Albert  Dowd,  A  F  Piatt,  C  D 
Simpson,  William  Helverson,  J  G  Marvin,  Chas  Yard,  B  E  Holland  and 
wife.  Jn  McNamara,  H  Sailor,  J  A  Rogers,  W  W  Haverman,  Ferd 
Bohle,  J  H  Murphy,  Lewis  Huber,  P  Logan,  E  L  Christman,  H  Mc- 
Cowan,  D  C  Atkins,  J  Clampit. 

Ship  Levant,  from  Philadelphia,  Feb.  26: 

E  D  Kennedy,  Dr  J  D  Steinburger,  Geo  Slesman.  M  B  Espy,  Dr.  C. 
Feltt,  Dr  J  Irmly,  wife  and  two  children,  E  D  Roberts,  C  J  Gilbert,  Dd 
McDaniel,  J  W  Glanding,  Jos  Hampson,  Nthn  Nellings,  H  M  Reigart, 
jr,  O  E  Dillen,  A  J  Bell,  F  M  Durny,  A  N  Bailey,  J  Grabestine,  Jas 
Porter.  H  Beates,  Ed  Cummings,  Wm  Hagy,  Dd  Gibb,  E  Bartling,  Ed 
Huston,  Theo  Lindenmuth.  J  Lawshe.  K  Glatz.  Albt  Houston,  J  Clem- 
ents, J  Conroy,  Rbt  Stroud,  Ed  Cross,  Isaac  Potter,  J  R  Yeager,  Jesse 
Boyer,  D  Epplesheimer,  G  R  Snyder,  A  R  Swayne,  M  R  Wilkinson,  C 
C  Knight,  Elijah  Cheeseman,  J  Longhead.  S  W  Payne,  J  H  Shultz,  G 
Parrote,  Alex  Stewart,  W  L  Whitecar,  C  N  Thornbury,  J  D  Kelly,  J  Q 
Adams,  Sam  Price,  Jas  Wandell,  A  F  Durny,  J  Robb,  D  Louderback, 
wife  and  six  children,  F  M  Green, Ira  Bradshaw,  J  L  Patton,  W  Walls, 
J  H  Malony,  J  Jones. 

A  company  composed  of  the  following  persons  left  Newark,  N.  J. 
for  California,  overland,  March  ist: 

J  S  Darcy,  Thos  Young,  J  R  Crockett,  L  B  Baldwin,  S  H  Meeker,  J 
A  Pennington,  W  D  Kinney,  Benj  Casterline,  Moss  Canfield,  A  J  Gray, 
C  Gray,  W  T  Lewis,  Thos  Fowler,  Jas  Lewis,  jr.  Job  Denman,  Alex  J 
Cartwright,  T  W  Seeley,  Isaac  Overton,  Jos  H  Martin,  G  W  Martin,  C 
Hicks,  C  B  Gillespie,  Geo  Sayres,  Angus  Baldwin,  Jno  Richards,  Ash- 
field  Jobes,  Wm  Emery,  H  I  Johnson,  J  B  Overton,  B  F  Woolsey,  J  T 
Doty.  Caleb  Boughton,  Wm  Emery,  jr,  Robt  Bond,  John  Hunt,  Abram 
Joralemon. 

Schooner  Newton,  from  Philadelphia,  March  ist: 

Thos  Diehl  jr,  S  M  Dane,  A  M  Zane,  Rbt  Robinson,  Rbt  Hare,  Dr  J 
Lukens,  Conrad  Myer,  A  Hallman,  Moses  Albright,  Lewis  Hiough, 
Nichls  Davis,  A  D  Marshall,  Dan  Wineland,  Capt  D  Mc  Dowell,  Rbt 
Scott,  P  M  Foley,  H  B  Dick,  E  A  Rigg,  J  R  West,  T  B  Tavlor,  Uriah 
Green,  E  A  Grosch,  W  J  Martin,  S  Seifort.  WT  Abbott,  Hy  Keiper.Rbt 
Farrellv,  Reubn  Axe,  J  L  Hahs,  S  H  Klapp  W  H  Zerbe,  N  H  Whiteman, 
H  Stetter,  J  Flock,  P  Rapp,  C  B  Taylor,  H  B  Grosch. 

Bark  Algoma,  from  Philadelphia,  March  ist: 

T  S  Barnstead,  W  Baker,  H  Hickman,  J  S  Smith,  B  L  Berry,  G  Peter- 
son, J  C  Currin,  Jno  Addis,  Ignatius  Potts,  J  D  Boswell,  John  Middle- 
ton,  F  M  Mahew,  Hy  Read,  F  L  Jones,  .Jas  Lemon,  S  Hammond,  F  W 
G  Johnson,  Wm  Brunner,  W  J  Goods,   S  C  Stevenson,  Rodlh  Lemon, 


488  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 

Geo  Barbie,  J  P  Ward,  J  E  Hall,  L  B  Coffin,  Josiah  Lockhart,  Thos 
Bingham,  Amos  Lentz.  R  Leyson,  J  Leyson,  VVm  Protherd,  Jn  McLean, 
S  McLean,  Geo  Keise,  Douglas  McLean,  j  P  Jones,  Chas  L  White,  W  G 
Sterling.  T  U  Kelly,  H  C  Burbank,  H  R"  Lippincott,  C  E  Fattier,  P  H 
Snvder,  W  E  Lyndall.  F  A  Ramsay,  Rbt  Nichols.  Francis  Pitman,  Thos 
Jones,  Rt  Hughes,  Ed  Roberts,  Jn  Roberts,  Wm  Lewis,  Owen  Jones 
J  Evans,  Jas  Duncan. 

Ship  Mason,  from  Philadelphia,  Feb.  22d: 

Sam  Nichols,  J  B  Mc  Minn,  Capt  Bell,  P  McGee.  Dr  J  A  Martin,  R  C 
Johnston,  W  R  Roberts,  A  Rosenbaum,  Jas  Harper  jr,  C  J  McElwie, 
C  Miller,  C  F  Sheetz,  D  Buist,  F  G  Appleton.  H  R  Johnston,  J  Fitz- 
water,  Ben  Yard,  J  P  Hutchinson,  Jas  Eddie,  J  Hoffman,  J  McCann,  C  P 
Linton,  Wm  Bunn,  Jos  Miller,  Jno  Hanna,  F  A  Shourds,  J  R  Eadie,  W  R 
Findlay,  E  M  Woodward,  J  Appleton,  J  Rosenbaum,  A  Jackson  Mc 
Caraher,  J  Lindsay,  J  B  Jenkins,  Levi  Guss,  C  S  Capp,  J  J  Hoff,  SI  Bird, 
J  C  Taylor,  A  Taylor,  J  F  Bishop,  J  Barkenbock,  Geo  Boswell,  T  T 
Brown,  J  Eagan  and  wife,  — Bourke,  P  H inkle,  Jas  Ingraham,  G  H 
Sweeney,  A  R  Duncan,  C  Sheals,  Jas  Dorff,  J  Haines,  Jno  Dewitt,  Dan 
Kinnift',  J  S  Connelly,  Jas  Mullin,  C  A  Smith,  J  Arentrone,  J  Smith, 
E  J  McGitugan,  Theo  Watson,  Lieut  Jno  McDowell,  Jas  Gibson,  S  Stoy- 
den,  L  McGill,  J  Mason,  J  F  Conrad,  J  Nillits,  A  M  Ruths.  J  McKentry, 
T  O'Brien,  Thos  Barton,  J  Cassiday,  L  J  F  Jager,  Dan  Mellon,  T  J  Cal- 
laway, Rbt  Murray,  W  Somerndike,  D  Brick,  Thos  Billings,  Lord  House- 
man, P  Ledger,  J  Backenbock,  J  P  Stratton,  WmOuinn,  Dd  Ackerman, 
J  H  Floyd,  J  M  Reese,  J  Reed,  A  C  McReynolds.  A  O  Smith,  J  R  Gros- 
senmeyer,  W  Swirer,  J  W  Gallagher,  A  M  Radmore,  J  R  Mathews, 
S  Shrirar,  Hugh  McKain,  Jos  Turner,  Ben  Carpenter. 

Brig  Osceola,  from  Philadelphia,  Jan.  i6th: 

Dr  Geo  Guier.  W  M  S  Hill.  H  W  Gillingham,  W  H  Bunn,  Dr  Cassady, 
Wm  Bassett,  Wm  Freed,  C  D  Bennett,  Major  Slaughter,  A  Macarty, 
J  A  Lessig,  P  Langton,  G  W  Hart,  Capt  Solinsky,  A  Powell,  Dr  W  H 
Graham,  J  E  Wainright,  G  II  Weaver,  J  P  Kleinhaus,  W  Wack,  J  P 
Dougherty,  T  B  Butcher,  W  Butcher,  S  K  Harman,  Col  G  H  Russell, 
Samuel  Christ,  H  B  Good,  J  Cowden,  J  A  Banks,  S  C  Upham,  A  S  Kel- 
ley,  C  S  Kelley,  J  W  Folwell,  T  J  Folwell,  J  McClelland.  D  L  Munns, 
E  Boshm.H  Prvor.DrH  Schoenfeld.  H  Courvoisier.  F  Dekut,  W  Arnold, 
J  Falls,  J  A  McCoy,  J  Kellum,  W  Beenkin,  F  Miller,  J  Himmell.  J  Moore, 
Gen  J  Kepheldt.  Col  G  Dreka,  F  Kline,  H  Limberg.  J  Hertsman, 
H  Brady,  J  Hewdegn,  J  Keyberger,  T  S  Rorgor,  W  Fetter,  G  Wilson, 
H  Hyde,  H  K  Cummings,  R  M  Patterson,  C  Whelding,  C  Beenkin. 

Ship  Grey  Eagle,  from  Philadelphia,  Jan  i8th: 

Wm  Burling,  G  B  Thomas,  J  Riddles,  G  G  White,  J  M  Thomas,  A  E 
Davis,  T  H  Bowen,  H  Prinot,  W  T  Kershaw,  M  D  Eyre,  E  B  Shippen, 
J  B  Smith,  Thos  Wright.  Fdk  Bradley,  Wm  Camm  jr,  James  Smiley, 
S  j  Torbert,  Dr  B  Carman,  T  M  Carman,  Ed  Mallory,  C  A  Gildmgham, 
Chas  Justice,  F  M  Caldwell,  G  B  Bonnell,  J  C  Dobleman.  T  Dubosque, 
T  R  Kern,  Dr  Parsons,  C  M  McHenry,  J  H  Hartman,  James  Neal  jr, 
Wm  T  Kershaw.  M  D  Eyre,  H  A  Dubosque,  T  Dubosque  jr,  T  H 
Thompson,  W  N  Thompson,  C  Livingston,  E  Halstead. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  489 

Ship  S  G  Owens,  from    Philadelphia,  October,  '49  : 

Capt  Barclay,  S  E  Piatt,  C  Newall,  J  F  Gould,  R  J  F  ^cott,  J  White, 
T  M  White,  W  C  Kelley,  E  Webster,  S  C  Hayden,  H  N  White,  G  S 
Lawrence,  Aaron  Burr,  H  Gilmore,  W  Johnson,  L  A  Tilden,  D  A 
Caulk,  J  S  Lindsey,  J  E  Shaw,  J  Dungan,  S  Strawbridge.  W  Johnson, 
C  Riddle,  J  O  Charter,  F  Dillon,  J  Widdifield,  N  N  Gable,  C  B 
Babbitt,  J  T  Higher,  J  Snowden,  G  W  Millward,  J  M  Moreland,  S 
B  Osborn,  C  Cochran,  J  Tyson,  W  H  Atkins,  T  Shinn,  R  Cochran, 
S  C  Abbott,  R  H  Porter,  J  Warmack,  G  H  Peters,  Dr  M  F  Groves, 
J  Redfield,  R  Bernard,  P  Martin,  L  Kemttz,  J  Buel,  J  Eganstine,  S 
McNames,  D  Towsee,  M  Mentor,  B  S  Greene,  E  Collins,  T  W  John- 
son, T  Yardly,  S  C  Lewis,  J  Souder,  J  McKinney,  J  Ayres,  ]  Taylor, 
C  P  Puttergeld,  J  Jacobs,  C  W  Brock,  T  Rogers,  S  Rogers,  J  W 
Hornbloer,  J  T  Denmark,  J  W  Gibbs,  J  M  Rhodes,  E  W  Demas,  J 
Raymond,  G  A  Millnor,  J  Bateson,  F  Sparks,  T  Y  Morris,  S  T  Ray- 
mond, T  J  Wood,  H  Wood,  N  Hillyer,  J  R  Lynch,  T  Brown,  A  C 
Brown,  J  W  Cook,  F  W  Cook,  P  K  Hubbs,  Mrs  P  K  Hubbs,  M  Hubbs 
and  C  H  Hubbs,  Miss  V  Hubbs,  T  Lowerly,  W  Ashworth,  J  Miner,  H 
Coons,  C  Plint,  C  A  Fitzgerald,  N  Seely,  S  Benson,  H  Handy,  H  North, 
J  McDonough,  H  D  Coggswell,  W  W  Brock,  A  C  Hallowell,  J  Foster, 
T  J  Bayless,  W  A  Williams,  G  W  Hall,  Wm  Mason,  H  Freeman,  Mr 
Storer  and  wife,  J  Zarahlen,  J  Leigendorf,  J  Jackson,  G  Anderson,  C 
McAllister,  S  N  Richards,  Ave  Sumner,  F  McKissick,  P  S  Warren,  C 
R  Cain,  W  Tomlinson,  J  Parnell,  C  W  Hotchkiss,  J  A  Smith,  Wm  Far- 
rington,  D  S  Barclay,  Wm  McGregor,  S  Wilson,  J  Blake,  Pomroy  & 
Reed,  W  Mcintosh,  Stinson  &  Dixey.  J  Martin,  T  W  Cook,  J  Foster, 
T  Hoyt,  W  Kennedy,  R  S  Thomas,  Mrs  R  S  Thomas,  Wm  Marple,  C 
Marple,  E  B  Burkhead,  W  W  Haney,  W  Taylor,  T  May,"  Miss  M  Harris, 
C  Remick,  F  Gnoordike.  S  Clifton,  Mr  Cheeney,  S  S  Townsend,  H  P 
Townsend,  Mr  Freeman,  Mr  Cummings,  C  Perrin,  Pike  Si  Pollock,  J 
Lynch,  W  A  Williams.  Reed  &  Brown,  W  Seeler,  F  W  Cook,  A  H 
Cook,  Mrs  Zarahlen. 

Steamer  Col.  Stanton,  from  New  Orleans,  April  i8th  : 

Jas  Pearson,  W  A  Baker,  Dr  R  Gale,  Mrs  Field,  Mrs  Blancher,  J  C 
Bridge,  J  Bblenhager,  F  Soicer,  J  D  Kloppenburg,  N  L  Claffin,  B  C 
Hunt,  —  Butterworth,  E  H  Taylor,  W  J  Shields,  J  H  Hancock,  J  W 
Caruthers,  J  W  Fisher,  Jn  Hudson,  E  Golding.  J  O  Brown,  Wm  Brown, 
F  C  Hatch,  N  Brooks,  Wm  Shipley,  L  Shattuck,  Gbt  Rednett.  R  A 
Clark,  J  A  Mauzey,  R  P  Johnston,  M  Spaulding,  J  M  Curtiss,  Nathan 
Hale,  Jewt  Hale,  R  Carkey,  W  Caulfield,  Jona  Frisbey,  D  Jenkins,  J 
G  Austin,  S  B  Austin,  W  W  Crawford,  J  Gordon,  J  S  Morrison,  C 
Richardson,  Wm  Davis,  A  Haas,  Jacob  Matossi  and  wife,  J  T  Hughes, 
W  L  Monson,  W  Hendricks,  Dr  Slesser,  Mr  Field,  G  W  Harrison,  J  A 
Kinney,  R  J  White,  C  Somerville,  W  Ferguson  and  family,  D  Calhoun. 

Steamer  Robert  Morris,  from  New  Orleans,  April  2d  : 

Ths  Armittage.  Dr   Alford,  Jas  Wright,  H   Hubbard,  D  Worman,  A 

Skarzinsk,  W  F  Mallory,  C  Boudray,  J  Olliod,  F  M  Hoffman,  J  S  Marsh, 

W  D  Roward,  Dr  Bowden,  Mr  Holt. 

Steamer  Thames,  from  Mobile,  April  5th  : 

B  McAlpin,  R  T  Saunders,  C  R  Bostwick,  O  Bostwick,  E  D  Byrne,  W 


490  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

S  Cook,  J  R  Cooke,  D  Crawley,  R  T  Thorn  and  family,  E  H  Clements, 
P  Gamble,  W  H  Dougherty,  J  D  Skinner,  F  Canning,  E  Mather,  J 
Hodge,  J  Irwin,  T  Gassner,  G  Patrin,  C  Moniche. 

Bark  Montgomery,  from  New  Orleans,  March  24th  : 

John  Curry  and  wife.  Miss  Curry,  E  Gerard,  F  Teramp,  L  H  Brooks, 
G  Gahax,  Mr  Booth,  J  H  Leining,  F"  Burns,  H  Cook,  H  Dethmer,  A 
Webber,  J  L  Gay,  J  E  Knoeche,  G  Holmes  and  son,  J  Stone,  A  Meggitt, 
J  J  Powers,  M  Schaffer,  J  T  Edgar,  P  Ademson,  C  F  McMurray. 

Members  of  a  company  from  New  Orleans,  overland,  March  22d  : 

J  Jones,  D  F  Smyer,  W  P  Jackson,  S  Jones,  A  Harper,  E  Garrison, 
M  J  Hirk,  J  J  Papy,  J  L  Phillips,  R  S  Hernandez,  C  W  Morment,  G  N 
Langford,  H  M  Herbert,  O  Neely,  G  Womack  E  J  Cook,  J  L  Tinnen. 

Ship  Tyrone,  from  New  Orleans,  March  27th  : 

J  K  Kelly,  Dr  W  A  Kelly,  Dr  E  D  Hammond,  D  E  Salsbury,  Robt 
Beck,  I  M  Duncan,  Harisn  Levy,  E  J  Smith,  Wm  Scott,  J  M  C  Marrow, 

Au \T i„_i: T    -c- :„ T    r  TJ T  n  c :».4.„„     tj   at  r^ u_ii 


Cain. 

Brig  Perfect,  from  New  Orleans,  March  28th  : 

W  B  Teake,  F  W  Hart,  Watson  Bland, wife  and  three  children,  John 
Bland  and  two  sons,  Gallett,  Rich,  Berry,  Lindly,  Humphry,  McKen- 
zie,  Rugan,  Du  Berthrand,  Kennedy,  B  Knox,  Gillis,  Hersey,  Watson, 
Cunningham,  Gordon,  Warner,  Moore,  Byrd,  Bates,  French,  Waldron, 
Meally,  Lawrence,  H  Allen,  W  Allen,  Cregan,  Anderson,  Coyle,  Mc- 
Donald, Hanagan,  Hartwell,  Mr  Piffie  and  wife. 

Steamer  Cherokee,  from  Savannah,  March: 

H  W  Mercer,  Rbt  Gove,  Wm  Messer,  B  Baker,  S  W  Taft,  B  I  Hatha- 
way, W  Habersham,  S  Porter,  W  B  Hodgson,  J  R  Wray,  E  H  Carhart, 
H  R  Conklin,  A  B  Sands,  S  Hicks,  H  Hutchings,  Wm  M  Tilden,  D  B 
Moore,  N  and  Miss  Aillieaux,  Mrs  and  Miss  Hogan,  F  W  Serrell,  D  R 
Wad  ley. 

Ship  Thos  Bennett,  from  Charleston,  March  24th: 

Mr  and  Mrs  Insti,  Mr  and  Mrs  Brandes,  C  M  Bentham,  Dr  D  H  Gail- 
lard,  W  A  Robertson,  D  W  Schmidt,  C  F"  Mattheessen,  W  and  J  Ryan, 
E  W  Wightman,  Jas  Rugley,  C  Murhard,  H  Englehart,  S  Schultz, 
M  Martin,  H  Hadelcn,  J  D  Cordes,  G  H  Offerman,  G  Heeseman, 
T  Siemenson,  R  Walton,  B  F  Tutt,  W  McNuse,  Hill  Bunch,  Levi  Taylor, 
Geo  Gordon,  Jos  P  McKinnie,  Wm  Allen,  E  A  Brack,  W  Holliman, 
S  Barnes,  H  Cruder,  R  Lowden,  'no  Falk,  J  Werner,  F  Lutz,  E  H  Tres- 
cott,  W  Kleiptcn,  C  Dingle,  R  C  Rice,  W  P  Webb,  C  Grenver,  H  W 
Ferrcll,  S  W  Jones,  C  V  Rivers,  G  S  Harlow,  M  Townsend,  C  S  Mc- 
Keown,  N  W  Hcywood,  J  H  Curriere,  J  H  Behrings,  J  C  Street,  J  R 
Davis,  H  C  Riley,  P  D  Dervant,  H  Fuller,  Mr  and  Mrs  Bughauser. 

Brig  Arabian,  from  Baltimore,  May  i6th: 

Mr  Watkins,  C   F   Hall,  Jas  Shuter,  D  J   H    Hill,  Andw  Campbell, 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  491 

C  Foulke,  W  M  Peterson,  T  M  Trail,  J  B  Stall,  Thos  White  and  wife, 
Wm  Lincoln  and  wife,  Miss  Laura  and  Miss  Susannah  Lincoln,  W  R 
Strother,  S  P  Johns,  B  J  Gray,  P  V  Riote,  I  D  Courtant,  F  M  Gardner, 

0  G  Samocia,  Albt  Brush,  R  W  Verplank,  S  II  Brown,  H  P  Marston, 
L  C  Middleton,  J  P  Hooker,  C  C  Chambers,  Joth  Bowman. 

Ship  Andalusia,  from  Baltimore: 

Dr  Buckner,  Rev  Wm  Taylor  and  wife,  Miss  Vir  Kimberlin,  Mrs  A  I 
Reed,  Mr  Gold  and  wife,  Ed  Pierce,  Thos  King,  E  T  Effinger,  T  E  Hardy, 
Cornls  Harbaugh,  R  C  Woodward,  Sml  Dick,  S  A  Henry,  Jthn  Stover, 
Hy  Holtznieyer,  Hy  Hants,  G  W  Rupp,  W  C  Chapman,  Alex  Watts, 
H  L  Snyder,  G  W  Klinefelter,  D  O  Prince,  G  B  Schmidt,  J  E  Wagner, 
J  B  Henry,  P  Haldoman,  B  F  Wright,  Morris  Boehme,  Wm  Price,  Geo 
Gibson,  B  C  Stone,  F  H  Hyer,  Alex  Passano,  J  T  Fuger,  Alf  Wood, 
Jas  Mann,  Wm  Canby,  F  T  Maynard  L  Harbour,  Jos  Boswell,  Geo 
Neilson,  Jas  Short,  Dd  Price  jr,  Hy  Simpson,  E  H  Thorp,  Alex  Brown, 
J  H  Denson,  Chas  Ricketts,  C  Warner,  J  A  Merrill,  Calvin  Kirk,  S  H 
Smith,  Jas  Frazier,  Jas  McKinley,  G  J  Jones,  S  M  Drinker, Geo  Shook, 
Ed  Looby,  C  P  Gillingham,  E  P  W  Wilson,  Geo  Toner,  S  B  Marge,  WW 
McCay,  Jacob  Kent,  J  B  Garvey,  R  P  Bayley,  Jcphs  Grounne,  L  J  Roth- 
rick,  E  Conway,  Dan  Bailey,  Jos  Green,  J  H  Daley,  Jos  Buchanan,  T  B 
Price,  B  Rozzell,  T  V  Smith  and  two  sons,  Jas  Gallagher,  W  B  Tarr, 
W  J  Northerman,  Danfd  Miller,  J  S  Albright,  Jn  Binks,  Wm  Bussey, 
J  M  Wiatt,  E  L  Wiatt,  Ivory  Perkins,  G  Thompson,  F  Craig,  W  F 
Sibert,  D  S  Hubbard,  P  L  Boulton,  Jn  Owens,  Andw  Trust,  M  Murray, 
J  L  Edwards,  J  L  Finley. 

Ship  Jane  Parker,  from  Baltimore,  Jan.  '49: 

J  A  Browne,  W  E  Sterratt,  Bj  Orrick,  David  F  Beveridge,  Geo  W 
Reaney,  James  C  Wilson,  William  Hall,  Jas  R  Smith,  B  Bayles.  Dr  Wm 
A  Pierce,  W  M  Carson,  Geo  H  Gillingham,  Jno  B  Wagner,  Washington 
Shield,  Madison  Morris,  Paul  Pieda,  W  G  and  G  S  I  Rogers,  Joshua 
Carson,  Yarnell  Balderston,  Jno  Hogg,  Wm  O  Johnson,  C  C  Jamison, 
T  S  Collins,  R  R  Griffith,  Edward  Miller,  Wm  McConkey,  R  C  Maitland, 
Ed  W  Hall,  Wm  Cook,  Robt  Baden,  Julius  McCcney,  Jno  G  Johannes, 
George  W  Jones,  James  A  Meyers,  Dr  Jas  S  Martin,  David  Harris,  Jno 
Lucas,  Wm  A  Wentz,  Wm   H  Stump,   Isaac  Withers,  Jno  W    Burke, 

1  Atler,  Ed  Hall,  Wm  Johnson,  S  Guiton,  George  Gough,  Saml  Stump, 
Wm  H  Dalrimple,  Geo  Yellott,  Geo  W  Jenkins,  Mr  Case,  E  B  Piper, 
J  A  Compton,  Richd  Piper,  Chas  and  Elias  Wood,  Jno  and  Thomas 
Grason,  A  Dorsey,  Lawrence  Weight,  Jno  Maulding,  I  D  Webster,  Ed  I 
Barren,  R  G  Wicks,  P  Chapin,  Jno  Murry,  John  W  Hanson.  Rbt  HBen- 
nett,  Jas  Maitland,  J  C  Maupin,  C  Schultz,  J  W  Hanson,  R  H  Bennett, 
Jas  Maitland,  J  C  Mauphin,  Robert  Piper,  C  Shultz. 

Schooner  Sovereign,  from  Baltimore,  Jan.  i8th: 

W  T  Preston,  Abraham  Dyer.  Dr  Wm  Deal,  G  H  Bowly,  LC  Massett, 
Lewis  Franklin  C  Tippett,  B  A  Bryson,  J  E  Yocum,  Wm  B  Kelley, 
R  Kellev,  J  Mitchell,  W  A  Hamilton,  James  Johnson.  Joseph  Colgan, 
Wm  Hubbard,  Joseph  Ranson,  Dr  L  Tyson,  Wm  Trump,  D  E  Christ, 
A  Shrine,  S  Nusz,  John  Shirley,  J  S  Love.  F  Cooper,  T  S  Cooper,  J  L 
Cooper,  John  Elder,  I  D  Crabbe,  J  H  Gardiner,  S  T  Bowers,  J  H  Henry, 


492  THE   ARCONAITS  OF  CAU FORMA. 

A  Howard,  H  M  Evans,  D  Hull,  Wm  P  Morris,  J  T  Shidle,  M  F  Grove, 
L  S  White,  David  Downing. 

Bark  J  no  Potter,  from  Baltimore,  Feb.  5  th: 

James  Haslett.  Thos  W  Burgess.  Jno  M  MacKdy,  Jas  M  Woollen, 
Lawrence  M  Maines,  Thos  P  Cornway.  Chas  D  Ronceray,  Thomas  Miles, 
Jas  Daiger,  Chas  Reay,  David  Reay,  Henry  Brown. 

St.  Andrew,  from  Baltimore,  March  12th: 

R  Meacham,  lady  and  daughter,  Mrs  Eiiza  Shanks,  Robt  H  Hall, 
H  R  Bowie,  1  H  and  Hamilton  Bowie,  Granville  S  Oldfield,  W  Richard- 
son, D  McDonneld,  C  G  Ringrosc,  Saml  P  Wilson,  Mr  Phelps,  Mrs  Ann 
Gruber,  Jas  H  Browne,  H  A  Sumwalt,  Jno  F  Spence,  M  C  Beach,  C  P 
Stevenson,  M  Stillenger,  R  C  Chanceauline,  Dennis  O'Connor,  Mr 
Sweener. 

Ship  Greyhound,  Baltimore,  January  9th  : 

H  T  Austin,  B  G  Latimer,  Grabiel  Winter,  Wm  F  Prettyman,  I  C 
Baugher,  Alexander  Steck,  R  N  Riddle,  Chas  I  Pratt.  Jos  Leon,  C 
Wintz,  Wm  L  Bromley,  E  W  Crane,  Jas  Harvey,  jr,  Jos  Thomas,  W  W 
and  Land  P  Hogg,  James  Price,  Richard  Marriott,  George  Townsend, 
Jno  P  Jones,  Dr  J  W  Palmer,  John  Sullivan,  A  Duportial,  Wm  F  Stein, 
G  H  Hewitt,  Alex  Smith,  H  C  Nesbit,  Wm  A  McWilliams,  M  Dunni- 
van,  Louis  Buctas,  Jno  G  Armstrong,  Noah  Caughy,  W  T  Landstreet, 
Benj  F  Hilliard,  Jas  B  George,  Jno  W  Ryder,  Wm  E  Shuter,  Jno  Scott, 
Jno  Creamer. 

Ship  Xylon,  from  Baltimore,  February  3d  : 

Jos  I  Sargent,  Jno  Spooner,  Walker  Phillips,  Jno  R  Dale,  I  W  Hub- 
bard, Jno  W  Gaskin,  Chas  Pratt,  Mr  Leweston,  O  I  Cromwell,  H  Segle- 
house,  A  Sargent,  Jno  Hinds,  Jno  Foster,  Louis  Klokgether,  G  Rapine, 
B  Randall,  Jno  Speights,  Col  I  Miller,  Jos  Hartly,  Daniel  Moony,  Louis 
Guirrand,  I  R  Vansant,  Dr  S  Mills,  Dr  I  W  Brower,  Jno  Leeds,  Henry  S 
Pierse,  Jas  Price,  Jno  McKeen,  W  C  Shipley,  Saml  Sullivan.  I  M  Webb, 
Geo  W  Morgan,  I  O  Sunderland,  F  E  Sunderland,  Jno  F  Weaver,  P  D 
Howell,  B  Daugherty,  R  Laughlin,  Henry  Dixon,  Benj  Phillips,  Wm 
Anderson,  I  S  Semour,  Edin  Bell,  Wm  I  Martin,  Dr  R  Haynes,  Jno 
Gunn,  Chas  Dietz,  A  W  Shipley,  Victor  Goudlier,  Jas  Taylor,  Jno  F 
Hunter,  Andrew  Kreager,  G  B  Cole,  Jno  L  Woods,  I  C  Cooper,  Wm 
Read,  Fred  Hanbert,  C  Dorner,  I  Watson,  Jas  R  Thompson,  i  A  Greg- 
ory, Jas  T  Scarborough,  Ed  M  Hall,  I  O  Donnell,  R  Gardner,  Wm 
Schmidt,  Michael  Lynch,  Chas  E  Hinds.  G  Spear,  A  I  Hubbard,  Jno 
McAlister,  Geo  Jenkins,  Richd  Gladstone,  Geo  W  Mclntyle,  S  L  Det- 
weler,  Geo  Schonommell. 

Schooner  Viola,  from  Norfolk,  March  nth  : 

H  P  Woods,  H  F  Loudon,  C  Herrington,  Jas  Paul,  Horatio,  Paul, 
Owen  Paul,  Mr  Mitchell,  Chas  Murphy,  Dr  C  A  Watkins,  Dr  W  Cor- 
mick. 

Bark  J  G  Colley,  from  Hampton  Roads,"  March  nth  : 
J  R  Langley,  H  W  Williamson,  O  E  Edwards,  R  Scott,  J  V  McLean, 
G  G  Capron,  W  J  Bunkley,  J  C  Malbon,  C  C  Bromley,  W  Kirby,  T  H 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  493 

Wilson,  C  Phillips,  Joel  Thomas,  F  W  Jett.  M  R  Muzzv,  Wm  Carline. 
Wm  Holden,  G  B  Jones,  Robt  Sinclair,  J  S  Kellum,  Dr  B  F  Winlicld, 
Dr  W  E  Cousins,  Hy  Cousins,  T  G  Battaile,  Dr  C  E  Worrell,  Wm 
Dowdy.  D  C  Lindsay,  J  H  Kindsay,  J  M  M  Smith. 

Ship  Glenmore,  from  Richmond,  April  2d  : 

Col  J  D  Manford,  Seth,  Sheppard,  R  W  Crenshaw,  F  R  Sill,  E  C 
Moore,  G  Whitfield,  G  B  Claiborne,  C  J  Eaton,  J  B  Robinson,  Dr  J  C 
Guy,  J  W  Reins,  W  Duval,  Dr  J  W  Claiborne,  A  P  Hodges,  Dr  J  L 
Clark,  A  W  Talfrero,  R  S  Jones,  W  H  Smith,  Holbt  Anderson,  F  C 
Andrew,  W  A  Atlee,  S  M  Bailey,  J  P  Duval,  Jn  Hall,  P  A  Hoxall,  Jn 
Hitchcock,  Chs  Howell,  R  D  Jenkins,  Jn  Minge,  W  P  Marston,  Jno 
Nuttall,  J  L  Poindexter.  C  L  Scott,  J  C  Smith,  W  F  Vaughn,  W  H 
Werth,  S  W  Venable,  V  C  Cooke,  G  R  Bouch,  T  G  Peachy,  T  C  Gil- 
liam, J  F  Greene,  Rd  Drummond,  Lucian  Fletcher  Jn  Lampkin,  T 
Meaux,  W  H  Crank,  A  N  Douglass,  C  E  Jones,  Jn  Carrington,  J  D 
Macklin,  Ed  Beazley,  J  C  Field,  E  H  Jones,  T  S  Tabb,  C  E  Yeat- 
man,  M  K  Crenshaw,  J  B  Scott,  G  H  Branham,  J  W  Chiles,  J  H 
Shelton,  C  E  Williams,  Even  Eliason,  B  F  Reynolds,  B  B  Walker,  J  A 
Peterson,  S  B  Harris,  J  M  Harris,  J  B  Jackson,  A  L  Land,  W  F  Par- 
ker, F  W  Parker,  J  R  Peters,  Wm  Urquhart.  J  F  Bowyer,  Rhd  Chris- 
tian. 

Pioneers  from  Nantucket,  continued  : 

Mrs  E  C  Austin,  C  A  Burgerr,  H  W  Folger,  T  H  Ferney,  Mrs  Thos 
Russell,  John  Tucker,  Mrs  John  Tucker,  C  S  Cathcart,  H  L  Allen,  C  C 
Simmons,  Francis  Morris,  Jos  Mills  Cook,  Chas  Allen,  Jethro  Hussey, 
F  M  Gardner,  S  B  Fisher,  W  F  Worth,  Mrs  F  M  Gardner,  S  G  Swain, 
J  E  Weeks,  G  W  Cook,  E  C  Austin,  Fdk  Ray,  J  B  Gibbs,  Francis  Swain, 
Elisha  Mowry,  Rd  Gardner,  C  H  Macy,  Thos  Russell,  T  P  Swain,  Jas  G 
Coffin,  F  Banett,  F  W  Chase,  Henry  Gardner,  H  C  Macy,  David  Har- 
per, L  B  Green,  John  House,  Jonah  Swain,  Thos  Hussey,  Jas  Cathcart, 
J  G  Chase,  J  G  Gardner,  C  G  Clark,  Wm  Blessing,  F  W  Myrick,  G  D 
Coffin,  R  S  Laurence,  Wm  Ray,  Thos  Holmes,  F  Danby,  R  Macy,  Dan! 
Vincent,  G  A  Russell,  A  S  Chase,  —  Frances,  Jas  Folger,  R  R  Brock,  J 
W  Rand,  W  C  Clark,  Jos  Chase,  C  M  Rand,  Geo  O  Harris,  E  B  Chase. 

Schooner  Creole,  from  Baltimore,  April  24th: 

Geo  Weasche,  Ai  Barney,  R  C  Maund,  Dr  Jas  Short,  O  D  Ball,  Dr.  F. 
Maund,  Wm  F  Mercer,  Hy  Powles,  Capt  W  F  Sadtler,  D  E  Miller,  Wm 
Canby,  W  H  Weasche,  T  B  De  Pue,  Eph  Engle,  Wm  Job,  J  P  Waits, 
G  W  Feelmeyer,  ET  F  Zimmerman,  G  H  Ward,  Jn  Doub,  Jn  Sanders, 
Dd  Clinghman,  D  T  Bruner,  H  H  Bsechtel,  S  S  Bccchtel,  Fred  Miller,  F 
J  Hoover,  Jas  Murry,  J  A  Freaner,  A  J  Vaugh,  Wm  Houck,  J  S 
Graham. 

Ship  Louis  Philippe,  sailed  July  nth: 

Ed  Bryant,  wife,  two  daughters  and  son,  Rbt  Graham  and  wife,  Mrs 
Shaw,  W  B  Pyfer,  Ed  Abell,  Jos  Myers,  Geo  Goddard,  Geo  Hoffman,  D 
M  Devitt,  R  H  Thomas,  Dr  Wallace,  Jas  Brown,  Capt  E  Pinnix,  L 
Rudolphos,  Laban  Coffin,  Mr  Carroll,  Ed  McLelland,  Ed  Dorr,  J  O 
Battee  and  wife. 


494  THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Bark  E  H  Chapin,  sailed  July  21st: 

J  S  Bennett,  W  T  Lancaster,  C  N  Steele,  W  C  Handy,  J  S  Mitchell, 
J  A  Simms,  Isaac  Rauc,  Jn  McDonald,  Jn  Thompson,  G  Thompson, 
Thos  Hope,  Geo  Smith,  J  H  Ruddach,  W  H  Perdue,  Wm  McCann,  O 
G  Holmes,  Wm  Hammond,  Dr  Wm  McOuinn,  J  W  Perdue,  JnBoyd, 
C  Humphries. 

Ship  Von  Humboldt,  from  Panama,  August,  1849: 

James  Anthony,  Rev  —  Ashby,  —  Atkins,  Levi  Bashford,  Samuel 
Badger,  A  A  Bennett,  James  H  Alvord,  J  H  Bramhall,  James  W  Black- 
burn, (Tea  Pot)  Brown,  Thomas  Brown,  Peter  Burns,  Captain  John 
Clar,  —  Canby,  Dr  R  E  Cole,  D  Clock,  Leroy  Chamberlain,  Joel  Colby, 
Lewis  Cross,  William  Crane.  —  Creamer,  Joseph  Dagier,  Isaac  E  Davis, 
J  P  Dougherty,  Count  EsdulinkaDwarkowsky,  Benjamin  Flint,  George 
Gan,  William  A  Gett,  S  Garratt,  —  Goodale,  W  H  Gaston  (Black  Bill), 
Samuel  Gage,  Thomas  Goldsmith,  Thomas  Ganel,  James  E  Gordon, 
Mrs  Julia  Gordon,  James  Gordon,  Joseph  Green,  Dr  James  Hall,  W  P 
Henry,  Hon  Henry  Havens,  B  A  Henriksen,  F  Holcomb,  D  W  Hunt, 
C  P  Huntington,  Henry  Ikleheimer,  Newton  Ingram.  James  Irvine,  J 
J  M  Julian,  A  M  Kennedy,  —  Knight,  W  L  Kirby,  Jonathan  Kittredge, 
John  B  Lewis,  Dr  W  W  Light,  Joel  F  Lightner,  Rev — Lindsley,  Simeon 
Mattmgly,  George  Murray,  Edgar  Marvin,  Dr  J  F  Morse.  E  FMcKennv, 
C  P  Nichols,  Col  A  B  Perkins,  S  M  Pratt.  Alex  Praro,  R  E  Raimond,  S 
W  Shaw,  Egbert  Sabin,  William  Shear,  H  H  Smith,  John  Smith,  Madi- 
son Spaulding,  A  M  Starr,  J  G  Seeley,  Lewis  Starr,  J  W  Thompson, 
Richard  B  Turner,  W  S  R  Taylor,  L  B  Vandenburgh,  Htjnry  Weston, 
Hiram  Weston,  John  W  Whitney,  Captain  Worth,  Dr  A  S  Wright,  J  A 
Wright,  Dr  G  Woodward. 

Ship  Sylph,   from  Panama,  1849: 

W  W  Brand,  Wm  H  Small.  C  C  Emory,  E  R  Waterman.  J  W  Foster, 
S  Emory,  J  Cushing,  Ed  Wilder,  H  A  Whiting,  Romulus  Norwood,  Rich- 
ard Murphv,  Irving  Lawton,  Orlando  Lawton,  A  D  Hatch.  A  Hutchin- 
son, S  F  Torrey,  B  W  Hathaway,  Dwight  R  Perry,  Ed  Pollard,  J  S 
Richardson,  F  P  Shaw,  J  W  Cramer,  Seneca  Daniels,  W  Hodgkins, 
T  Gregorv,  Wm  Burling,  J  M  Taylor,  P  Tinker,  W  Torrence.  Kingsbury 
Root,  S  Van  Pragg,  T  W  Reed,  Wm  H  Durham,  L  B  Gilky,  Capt  Os- 
good, P  S  Peters,  G  W  Ray,  T  J  Howland,  F  A  Gusher,  Jo  Crackbon, 
R  H  Macy,  A  M  Swift,  J  E  Eddy,  Ed  Sanderson,  V  Hathaway,  T  S  Kin- 
ton,  B  Stetson,  Alfred  Clifford,  H  H  Jones,  C  B  Macy,  S  Kent,  E  C 
Skinner,  J  E  Fuller,  J  H  .Mulligan,  Yates  Harold,  E  S  Youmans,  J  Til- 
fair.  Wm  Turner,  Danl  Stewart,  r<  Stafford,  G  Purdy,  F  M  Gardner,  JS 
Howard.  S  W  Langton,  C  B  Walker,  G  H  T  Cole,  T  S  Hascox.  E  K 
Hathaway,  J  B  Luther,  Jason  White,  Geo  Steere.  Chas  Butler,  D  D 
Hammond,  Js  Merihew  jr.  Ed  Hathaway,  B  W  Hathaway,  C  H  Porter, 
Stephn  Potter,  T  B  Robinson,  T  A  Skinner,  Dr  N  Nininger.  M  Moorse, 
A  G  fjrant,  E  Greenwood,  John  Conness.  R  P  Lee  jr.  J  E  Hazcllton, 
A  1^  Haskins,  L  W  Haskins,  D  Newcomb,  Geo  Eddy,  D  M  Holding, 
Thos  Hussey,  T  R  Anthony.  J  Stone.  H  D  Pierce.  Dr  Wesley  Newcomb, 
Mrs  W  Newcomb,  son  and  daughter,  A  M  Comstock,  John  Cramer, 
C  Bristol.  T  A  Sherwood.  L  Southard.  Wm  Kenvon,  G  R  Parburt,  Hy 
Putney,  J  D  Linde,  J  E  Taggard,  G  S  Marks,  J  HBrowne,  G  SOldfield, 
Haskins  Bowie,  Wm  C  Beach,  J    F  Spence,  J  Lockaby,  L  Phemzie,LS 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  495 

Woodville,  D  Pinson,  J  B  Therrill,  J  M  Hill,  James  Hill,  C  Frozee,  R  C 
Hunt,  L  Clements,  J  M  Smith,  E  L  Winslow,  E  W  Clark,  C  C  O  Glass- 
ford,  H  C  Gardiner,  W  H  Allen,  S  Davis,  John  S  Thomas,  L  Wyman, 
S  H  Paine,  John  Pardee,  C  R  Saunders,  David  Fairchild,  iM  D  Fair- 
child,  Geo  Bachelder,  H  Bicknell,  W  Bicknell,  J  A  Blake,  J  H  Sherley, 
H  R  Bowie.  Miss  Ann  Gruber,  Hamilton  Bowie,  B  F  Hastings,  R  P 
Wilson,  Major  J  S  Houston,  Thos  Parcil  M  Abagge,  Col  Thomas,  Thos 
Howard,  Thos  Bodley,  J  A  Read,  J  P  Waddell,  Joshua  Lipman,  J  Mc 
Vea,  J  L  Chapline,  B  Ray,  Peter  Jarvis,  Henry  King,  James  Miller,  O  P 
Cheney,  Wm  Akenhead,  TH  Scriber,  L  L  Dickson, "j  Dickinson,  D  Dic- 
inson,  J  Norwood,  O  W  Flinker,  J  A  Moody,  VV  H  Heath,  B  H  Cran- 
mer,  N  F  Ferguson,  N  P  Price,  E  D  Young,  B  Young,  S  B  Kinton, 
Alpha  Frisby,  Moses  Clark,  J  E  Evans,  J  H  White. 

^-  Ship  Leonore,  from  Boston,  Feb.  3rcl  : 

H  M  Greene,  Jesse  Sawyer,  Chas.  Plummer,  E  B  Morse,  J  M  Ban- 
croft, P  H  Pierce,  G  W  Jameson,  E  R  Fiske,  Jabez  Hatch,  S  H  Whit- 
marsh,  Rufus  Brackett,  C  F  Hussey,  G  W  Tyler,  Dr  Lombard,  jr.  H 
Hilton,  M  L  Capen,  S  Newell,  Geo  Emerson,  Royal  Oliver,  J  A  LeCain, 
O  Keenan,  J  AClark,  Hesk  Roberts,  Galen  Poole,  Joshua  Mott,  GA 
Putnam,  Jas  McJntyre,  M  LeBosquet,  C  W  Smith,  S  B  Witherell,  Chas 
Main,  F  Childs,  Thos  Pike,  G  W  Josselyn,  J  N  Gale,  J  P  Crockett,  W 
Lewis,  T  Whitmarsh,  F  E  Archibald,  J  C  Morse,  J  B  Stickney,  H  R 
Chandler,  Christn  Rymes,  C  B  Kingman,  Asa  Wilson,  jr,  G  W  Kent,  W 
F  Barker,  R  E  Strall,  D  L  Libbey,  A  A  Dyar,  W  R  Cady.  J  W  Patter- 
son, T  R  Tripp,  A  W  Randall,  E  W  Barber,  G  M  Davis,  A  S  Leavitt.  J 
L  Harvey,  Wm  Robblns,  Josh  Atwood,  H  C  Mayers,  A  P  Chenery,  Josh 
Mulloy,  D  N  Pond,  R  Howes,  S  Bigelow,  J  P  Jones,  ED  Wilcomb,  CB 
Trumbull,  G  W  Sawyer,  G  W  Tow,  H  H  Flagg,  S  A  Porter,  J  M  Gill- 
man,  Wm  Jackson,  T  S  Leonard,  H  H  Hyde,  S  S  Mann,  Robt  Bunting, 
Aug  Caldwell,  T  S  Jones,  L  M  Slack,  B  B  Billings,  H  S  Waterman,  D 
D  Gunnison,  C  C  Perry,  Chas  Morrison,  G  H  Smith,  W  F  Jones,  Amos 
Weed,  E  W  Morse,  Atkins  Dpar,  N  T  Cutlar,  W  B  Tyler,  J  Carter,  J  O 
Frost,  Dan  Hinckley,  Chas  Chandler,  D  N  Fairbanks,  J  J  Simmons. 

-  Bark  Rochelle,  from  Boston,  Feb.  3rd  : 

Dr  Granville,  G  Hayden,  G  F  Beck,  H  B  Evans,  J  S  Loveland,  G  F 
Brown,  G  F  Williams,  J  Ferguson,  H  M  Wood,  J  B  Reed,  R  Ward,  Jn 
Lynch,  D  E  Hasselbone,  Chas  A  Greeley,  Jn  Allen,  T  Ryan,  S  Putnam, 
Jonas  Thaxter,  L  A  Stone,  D  P  Bates,  I  S  Mathews,  I  B  Taft,  C  E  Taft, 
Jas  B  and  Jas  Carll,  E  G  Bemis,  D  Y  Bailey,  D  Burett,  Luke  Doe.  J  M 
Abbott,  N  G  Dyer,  D  W  Currier,  A  M  Knox,  R  Heneage,  E  Ouigley, 
Jas  Carroll,  C  E  Carrier,  B  L  Morrill,  B  Burnham,  Wm  Churchill, 
Josiah  Byram,  Dd  Gurney,  J  T  Prett,  J  P  Pellew,  G  W  Briggs,  M  G 
Williams. 

Ship  Drummond,  from  Boston,  Feb.  ist  : 

F  E  Baldwin,  E  A  Kendall,  J  R  Carr,  L  Cleaves,  J  A  Whitmarsh, 
Humpy  Jameson,  H  W  Colver,  Amasa  Bryant,  Ed  Faxon,  J n  Gregory, 
jr.  J  W  Gay,  Thos  Emery.  A  Sigourney,  L  F  Rowell,  Hiram  Cummings, 
Hv  Soule,  P  L  Bliss,  S  W  Grush,  W  H  Tupper,  Jn  Holman,  S  N  Fuller, 
M  Bruwer,  H  M  Adams,  Enoch  Burnett,  jr.  H  E  Gates,  Jas  Gibbens,  G 
A  Hall,    R  C  M  Boynson,  F  Z  Boynson^  J  B  White,  A  O  Lindsay,   C  T 


496  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORXIA. 

Mallett,  E  B  Kellogg.  Hy  Hancock,  G  C  Cargall,  H  Cummings,  J  C 
Trescott,  G  W  Colby,  Albert  Cook.  FS  Frost,  A  Merriam.  Jn  Hancock, 
D  C  Smith.  J  Lindsay,  S  A  Stimpson.  RG  French,  G  J  Lindsay. 

Ship  Corsair,  from  Boston,  Jan  31st: 

J  B  Clark.  S  L  Wilson,  J n  Taylor,  Wm  Ritterbush,  G  L  Hill,  F  L 
Soule.  J  M  White.  Alex  White.  H  VV  Weed.  W  I  Brown,  Eben  Had- 
lev.  Tim  Cheney.  W  W  Burn.  Moses  Hill.  E  McAllister,  H  P  Wilson,  E 
McKnabb.  S  E  Goff,  J  C  Goff,  W  B  Edwards,  G  McAllister,  I  Wallace, 
J  M  Caswell.  J  S  Fogg.  J  A  Gould.  J  McMurtry,  J  B  Spofford,  TC 
Clough,  Humphrey  Nichols,  D  E  Wood.  Dan  Elliott.  Wm  Parker, 
Andrew  Jackson.  H  Jackson,  J  H  Lawrence,  C  M  Smith.  D  H  Ward, 
Geo  Pennell.  Hy  Green,  jr,  Aug  Randall.  Jn  Scott.  Benj  Soule,  Wm 
Curtis,  C  H  &  G  W  Soule,  A  Curtis,  G  L  Pratt,  W  A  Pratt,  J  ere  Bart- 
lett,  G  D  &  G  Bliss,  A  Osgood,  S  B  Osgood,  F  G  Phipps,  Levi  Staples, 
Nat  Baker,  C  F  McClure,  J  E  Blake,  A  S  Folley,  Hy  Carnes,  Alex 
Badlam,  B  L  Belknap,  S  O  Shackford,  Robt  Heath,  5  &  J  Stackford, 
H  Morse,  J  A  Hatch,  Jos  Eaton,  J  H  Page,  E  B  Waterman,  C  CEmery, 
S  Jackman,  T  C  Merrill,  J  S  Sharp.  S  M  Barbour,  Dd  Moore.  Dd  Marsh, 
I  B  Gustin,  Dan  Haynes,  }  Stevenson,  A  C  Smith,  S  J  Millett,  Nathan 
Tucker,  N  G  Smith,  Thos  Tenant,  C  Raymond,  D  C  McGregor,  J  Dag- 
gett, Gray  Doe,  E  Daggett,  T  G  Dunn,  D  B  Storer,  J  C  Bunn,  Jn  Mel- 
len.  EW  Brintnall.  Jas  Mclntire.  Phil  Adams.  EG  Wellington.  M  A 
Lattell.  C  H  Simpkins,  E  B  Jefferds,  W  W  Curtis,  H  Cunningham,  C  H 
Hall,  S  A  Eveleth,  W  L  Chase,  Chas  Foster. 

From  Newburyport,  Jan.  23d: 

C  M  Brown,  Wm  Bartlett.  R  Rand,  C  B  Stover,  Hy  Swectson,  J  K 
Titcomb,  A  F  Jacques,  C  W  Brown,  P  Atherton,  J  H  Musso,  Amos 
Goodwin.  J  B  Brown,  Thos  Goreraiz.  F  Marsh,  G  Sawyer.  Benj  Pratt, 
A  J  Swtetser,  Wm  Smith,  J  F  Damon,  B  O  Sanborn,  A  A  Newall,  A 
G  Plumstead,  Jn  Hovey,  J  W  Folsom,  F  D  Rhodes.  S  P  Nye.  C  G 
Boardman.  E  J  Christian,  Wm  Willey,  Mich  Tenney,  Wm  Tenny,  C  H 
Waters,  G  Waters.  W  M  Gupton,  W  K  Hudson.  G  Pas:e.  A  Foster.  Hy 
Gullifer.-Rufus  Kendall.  G  F  Kimball,  J  T  Follansbee,  Chas  Wardell,  G 
F  Fanning,  J  L  Brown. 

Brig  Rmjilolph,  from  Boston,  Feb.  6th: 

A  Watkins,  T  L  McGuire,  G  F  Kent.  C  C  Hayden,  G  W  Wallace,  Wm 
Bishop,  A  P  Chapman,  Wm  Cantelow,  J  B  Dillaway,  L  P  Murden,  C 
E  Dodd,  C  A  Dickerson,  T  H  Roberts,  1  McClennan,  W  K  Blanchard. 
J  V  Sullivan.  D  B  Kelsey.  |  G  Bradbury.  E  B  Styles,  C  Stearns.  D  P 
Wise,  W-m  Slater.  Wm  H  Taber.  M  1)  Plummer.  R  P  Wyman.  A  P  Den- 
nison.  R  L  Leach.  D  Hazleton,  H  Eastman,  T  Stearns,  F  Stebbins, 
Jthn  Whitmore,  John  Whitmore. 

Ship  Othello,  from  Charleston,  S.  C,  Jan.  31st  : 
Mr.  Gallowav  and  child.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheppard  and  child.  D  B  Corn- 
stock.  R  E  Hcndrix.  Jos  Denckc.  W  Michel).  Jn  Nichols.  G  A  Gilkie,  M 
McNolta,  J  S  Robinson,  J  D  liristol,  J  B  Milliken.  E  S  Johnson.  W  M 
Jacobs,  J  Duncan.  Dr  T  D  Cleaveland.  W  G  Eason,  M  C  Woodruff.  J  j 
Sprague.  D  Briggs.  P  Strong.  W  Bartlett,  B  H  Weed.  S  P  Barr,  W  C 
Towers.  E  Hoke.  M  Leonv,  J  Leony.  J  H  Witter,  R  H  Crittcndon, 
A  D  Marshall,  J  M  Maxwell,' Dr  Fryer,  W  A  Knight,  J  W  Knight,  G  H 


THE  ARGON AU rS  OF  CALIFORNIA,  497 

Smith,  W  F.  Smith,  L  Heineman,  J  W  Rice,  A  D  Ayer,  J  E  Musser,   R 
N  Russell,  J  F  Robinson. 

Bark  U'alcer,  from  Providence,  R.  I.,  March,  1849  • 

J  G  Joyce  and  wife.  J  Manton,  jr,  H  Cornell,  J  H  Nichols,  G  B  Dean, 
C  G  Cole,  E  L  Fenner,  J  W  Everett,  T  G  Hathaway,  Wm  Newcomb, 
Geo  Bowers,  Dd  Bowers,  Dan  Bucklin.  W  G  Davis,  V  P  Westcott,  1  B 
Belknap,  A  Waterman,  N  Randall,  J  Winsor,  E  Tew,  Rd  Olney,  W  A 
Bateman,  Asa  Bennett,  Judson  White,  C  Capwell,  H  H  Tiffany,  W  Tif- 
fany, G  A  Smith,  W  A  Gardiner,  C  D  Dyer,  W  H  Allen,  J  F  Arnold, 
Job  Phillips,  J  W  Vincent,  B  T  Wilcox,  J  M  Fanning,  D  P  Knowles,  J 
S  Hazard,  Gorton  Spencer,  Walter  Mulford,  Dd  Rowland,  S  S  Whiting, 
J  C  Green,  T  A  Pierce,  Geo  Eddy,  J  H  and  J  P  Ward,  G  W  T  Allen,  J 
T  Fales,  B  Tucker,  D  L  Larkham,  C  H  Potter,  H  N  Randall,  G  W  Tay- 
lor, Wm  Champlin,  L  R  Capwell,  J  Liddle,  S  Tinkham,  Sam  Leonard, 
Geo  Smith,  C  H  Burdick,  M  Cole,  J  E  Martin,  J  N  Saper,  E  Bardee,  P 
Brown,  I  C  Williston,  J  C  Davis,  S  H  Oxx,  T  Sherman,  J  N  Dodge,  O 
Sears,  W  T  Seymour,  B  D  Thayer,  Wm  Blanchard. 

Bark  Rhodes,  from  Providence,  Nov.  1849  • 

S  Burrows,  S  A  Pearsons,  B  C  Tuckerman,  W  H  Peck,  Alex  Smith,  A 
J  Gladding,  H  J  Crandall,  G  Rounds,  Jas  Brownell,  J  L  Peck,  T  G  An- 
drews, J  E  Crandall,  T  D  Gladding.  J  B  Randall,  F  Perry,  Jhn  Boyd, 
Saml  Back,  R  Haskins,  P  H  Williams,  C  Williams,  C  C  Rhodes,  J 
Leahy,  J  Sutcliffe,  C  Arnold,  J  Quick,  M  Freeborn,  T  S  Clark,  J  Him- 
mall,  J  H  Chadwick,  D  Lindsay,  M  F"rederic,  W  M  Farnum,  H  Luther, 
J  M  Riley,  Stanton  C  Gage,  Wm  Stone,  E  Harris,  J  H  Smith,  J 
Whipple,  E  Whipple,  H  C  Peck,  C  Sprague,  C  Stone,  T  Capwell,  H 
Carpenter,  Jas  Chase,  J  A  Williams. 

Ship  Nahumkeag,  from  Providence,  R.  I.,  March  6th  : 

J  H  Mason,  A  B  Cranston,  S  B  Darling,  R  A  Perry,  G  F  Wesson,  H 
A  Billings,  F  O  Smith,  D  McMillen,  J  B  Bradford,  J  B  Perry,  R  B  Bar- 
ton, G  W  and  Wm  Reynolds,  J  A  Gardner,  G  A  Sayles,  R  Handy,  Jn 
Hale,  R  B  Woodward,  B  Bean,  H  Phinney.Chas  Burrough.  Silas  Alden, 
Patt  Corr,  A  N  Olney,  Geo  Burlingame,  S  H  Steere,  H  S  Tourtellot,  E 
C  Thornton,  Chas  Ford. 

Bark  Floyd,  from  Providence,  R.  I.,  March  6th  : 

F  Mavberry,  Jn  Borden.  J  L  Cogswell,  H  C  Snow,  J  M  Pierce,  Wm 
Borden^  Hm  Weeks,  Geo  Teal,  C  La  Du,  W  D  Aldrich,  G  G  Gardner,  F, 
White,  W  H  May,  S  G  Gerald,  Wm  Taylor.  J  M  Angell,  S  A  Lewis,  H 
Pullen,  J  P  Crins,  T  Smith,  T  Jackson,  N  Kelley,  I  Brown,  J  H  Holmes, 
O  C  Hawkins,  H  Olney,  F  H  Young,  J  H  Knight,  C  S  Walcott,  J  L 
Smith,  C  E  Willard,  Jas  Burns,  O  Perrin,  Jas  Slocum,  J  Mclntire,  S 
Blanchard,  S  H  Vinson,  H  N  Cooper,  J  M  Walker,  J  Walker,  G  B  Haw- 
kins, A  Paine,  Amasa  Willis,  Caleb  Remington,  E  C  Luther,  P  C  White, 
E  B  Williams,  W  B  West,  E  Wilkinson.  J  A  Hanson,  G  H  Gardiner,  J 
L  Munro,  W  M  Clearv,  G  G  Cook,  S  A  Knight,  G  Gray,  O  Smith,  J  Al- 
ridge. 

^  Bark  Orb,  from  Boston,  February  : 

S  Dunn,  C  F  Adams.  WW  Davis,  F  Poster,  H  P  Willis,  C  A  Downes, 
N    Adams,  F  E  Bliss,  W  Whittier,  C  S  Fay,  T  E  Dorr,  O  Dolbier,  J  L 


498  THE  ARGOXAUTS  OF   CALIFORNIA. 

Chaplin,  N  P  Rice,    W  H  Moore,   Alonzo  Kinsley,  R  Wilkinson,  C  A 
Uenny,  T  W  Everett,  Dr  F  Heywood,  Dr  W  J  Henderson. 

Ship  Taranta,  from  Boston,  April  ist  : 

A  Bovier,  Wm  A  Legg.  Dr  Z  S  Booth,  R  M  Waldron.  C  E  Small,  I) 
H  Rice,  J  F  Cloutman,  W  F  Somerby,  J  and  H  Shaw,  H  M  Underwood, 
G  Kercher,  J  S  Gould,  W  Hancock,  B  F  Griggs,  J  Fletcher,  J  Gordon, 
F  Sumner,  H  C  Stowell,  H  Shaw,  G  S  Gould,  J  Gould,  P  Jones,  C  S 
Flagg,  T  T  Bartlett,  H  W  Chafer,  S  Bowen,  P  Larkin,  A  Warren,  G  P 
Rust,  J  Koskin,  E  Brown,  G  Lewis,  F  McGuire,  E  West,  F  W  Robinson, 
N  Watrues,  5  B  Blanchard,  C  Burlingame,  W  A  Wilcutt,  D  W  Poor,  L 
Downs,  H  Thomas,  S  Dickerman,  G  Ward,  W  G  Rider,  W  Morrison,  J 
S  Willoughby,  G  W  Sager,  A  J  Tuck,  J  C  Bullins,  B  Swazey,  M  King, 
Z  Cushman.  J  C  Currell,  S  Jameson,  W  Bumstead,  C  H  Hill,  J  H  Bar- 
bour, S  S  Weston. 

Bark  Rio,  from  Providence,  October,  1849  : 

C  C  Baker,  A  A  Gardner,  H  Richardson,  C  H  Green,  J  Frason,  P  A 
White,  J  Nickerson,  J  Baker,  S  Crowell,  H  Crocker,  C  \\  Williams,  Rt 
Pettis,  Wm  Munroe,  J  F  Sweet,  D  Baxter,  B  Knight,  H  J  Holden,  Dr 
H  V  Bicknell,  J  Warner,  G  W  Briggs,  J  Foncs,  B  Cornell,  G  J  Jackson, 
J  Andrews,  A  J  Johnson,  G  W  Bates,  G  Gorton,  L  W  Bennett,  J  Titus, 
C  W  Bailey,  A  G  Tennant,  J  D  Vaughn,  J  T  Briggs,  A  N  Taylor,  H  A 
Bailey,  E  B  Briggs,  P  Nocake,  O  M  Knight,  S  Underwood,  T  Holden, 
S  Nichols,  J  W  King,  J  H  Briggs,  V  G  Gardner,  S  W  Reid,  D  S  Bel- 
lows, L  Whipple,  B  W  Andrews,  B  G  Johnson,  E  C  Bellows,  V  Spen- 
cer, J  W  Cole,  W  Dow,  W  Rupp,  S  J  Eddy,  G  W  Browning,  E  H 
Browning,  J  Baker,  T  Lake,  A  A  Whipple,  A  J  Spencer,  W  Vaughn, 
A  D  Dedrich,  Andrew  Wood. 

Bark  Oscar,  from  Mattapoisett,  Mass.,  1849  • 

S  K  Eaton,  N  H  Barstow,  Henry  Barstow,  S  Purrington,  F  W  Rus- 
sell, A  G  White,  Geo  Barrows,  G  Barrows,  jr,  M  G  House,  (jco  Briggs, 
J  K  Dexter,  I  N  Barrows,  Benj  Winslow,  Watson  Clark,  I  B  Simmons, 
Chas  Lincoln,  TC  Landers,  T  C  Hammond,  E  H  Cashing,  John  I^caree, 
N  C  Sturtevant,  W  T  Bowles,  W  P  Dexter,  Albert  Dexter.  Alex  Dexter, 
Caleb  Dexter,  Albert  Austin,  C  F  Mendall,  Wm  Hoar,  Dr  J  T  Little- 
bridge,  J  W  Doming,  Nat  Sears,  |  C  Spaw,  A  C  Bennett,  Ebed  Dexter, 
2d.  C  H  Church.  T  Randall,  Jere  Randall,  J  Randall,  jr,  C  A  Rounsville, 
W  P  Zediewill.  Peleg  Gifford,  Howard  Nichols,  T  S  Delano,  A  H  Case, 
Jireh  Case,  S  H  Burgess.  Chas  Merchant,  Chas  Makepeace,  E  S  Briggs, 
J  D  Pratt,  Jos  Coneia,  G  W  Pratt,  E  F  Randall,  Seth  Wilber,  .1  B  Ran- 
som, jr,  D  B  Nye,  E  C  Hatch.  I  R  .•\lden,  Calvin  Crowell,  C  Ilathawav, 
G  T  Ryder,  D  H  Pillsbury,  C  H  Boker,  P  Gibbs,  P  Daggett,  Geo  Has- 
kins,  Erastus  Page,  Wm  Bradley,  Steven  Turner,  W  H  Brightman,  J 
W  Dexter. 


THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  499 

Ship  Vesta,  from  Edgartown,  April  14th  : 

Mr  Mayhew,  Capt  R  Mantor,  A  Smith,  E  Poole,  jr,  M  Poole,  R  N 
Smith,  H  Mayhew,  Dr  G  N  Hall.  S  D  Skiff,  Matthew  Coffin.  M  Vincent. 
A  J  Rowlstone,  Jacob  Clifford,  T  P  Wood,  Geo  Chase,  Altred  Look, 
Frank  Mayhew,  G  M  Brittles,  Arial  Luce,  I  D  Rose,  Jas  Wilson. 

Ship  Walter  Scott,  from  Edgartown,  May  7th  : 

Henry  Pease,  J  R  Norton,  W  W  Huxford.  Moses  Adams,  Dan  Crane* 
J  McNeil,  M  McNeil,  W  H  Leonard.  J  W  Coffin,  C  W  Pease.  D  C  Pease. 
J  M  Coombs.  J  A  Pease.  E  Lewis,  H  H  Marchant,  H  Jernegan.  J  ere 
Robinson.  W  H  Coffin.  Chas  Mayhew.  T  Fisher,  O  M  Vincent,  M  A 
Robinson,  I  D  Pease,  S  S  Stewart,  I  D  Pease,  jr,  W  R  Norton,  C  B  and 
M  P  Norton,  C  W  Pease.  C  A  Bunting.  P  S  Hart,  T  E  Butler,  Ed  Smith. 
H  M  Norton.  W  A  Pease,  S  H  Fisher.  I  N  Luce,  T  A  Mayhew,  F  But- 
ler. C  Bunker.  D  Butts,  N  S  Bassett,  H  Chase.  Wm  Goff.  Jas  and  W  S 
Weeks.  J  Nickerson,  Sam  Look.  G  Folger. 

Ship  Abby  P.  Chase,  from  New  Bedford,  November,  '49  : 

S  D  Damons,  Alex  Wilcox,  M  Long,  E  D  Howland,  M  S  Palmer.  W 
Fives,  J  McKenney,  A  Fales,  A  B  Tripp,  W  H  Chase,  R  W  White,  T  S 
Dow,  R  Ashley,  G  WBuckline.  P  Nye.  M  Buckley.  T  Gifford,  Orin  Ma- 
comber,  T  Macomber,  H  H  Crapo,  J  H  Gifford,  W  S  Rounsevell,  A  T 
Leach,  S  Pease.  L  L  Ashley.  G  B  Draper.  S  C  Jones,  W  Lawrence,  H 
Reeds,  J  A  Clinton.  C  Manchester.  A  A  Reed,  J  Adams.  A  Goodrich. 
W  M  Bly.  W  Reed.  W  T  Bly,  O  T  Hipson,  E  C  Fish,  T  Croach. 

Brig  Triumph,  from  Boston,  November,  ^49  : 

J  C  Staples,  J  C  Phelps,  J  M  Phillips,  C  Moulton,  Benj  and  J  E 
Walker,  Capt  Loring,  A  W  Cudworth,  Jno  Hathaway,  D  F  Cummings, 
D  Hoxey,  W  D  Nichols,  D  L  Cummings,  L  Hathaway,  N  H  Chase,  W 
and  D  Edson. 

Brig  Delaware,  from  Fall  River,  November,  '49  : 

H  F  Staples,  Abner  Manchester.  S  Brownell,  B  F  Wilber,  G  R  Walker, 
P  Wrightington,  J  P  Gifford,  B  S  Burt,  A  S  Presbrey,  J  W  Jones,  W  Sul- 
laway,  W  H  Thomas,  A  Daryman,  W  G  Crandell,  T  C  Duxbury,  G 
Thornton,  G  L  Lee,  I  C  Stickney,  J  R  Reed,  T  Lee.  H  Bissett,  J  Paull. 
C  H  Paull,  D  Baker,  L  Fuller,  L  Hathaway,  L  Jones.  J  B  Gillett,  W  B 
Evans.  A  W  Stiles.  W  Buddington.  J  Woodmancy,  G  A  and  O  L  Bas- 
ett.  Hy  Pitts.  Jas  Moore,  F  Leonard,  O  A  Hinkley.  L  Fobes.  B  Marvel, 
B  B  Manchester.  P  G  Shaw,  J  Shaw,  G  W  Brown,  J  Irish,  J  H  Barlow, 
C  Irish,  Jas  Lawton. 

Ship  Splendid,  from  Edgartown,  September  17th  : 
G  A  Baylies,  J  S  Smith,  B  N  Fisher.  T  M  Pease.  E  N  and  W  Mayhew, 
S  A  Briggs,  W  Osborne,  J  B  Osborne,  C  Cleaveland,  W  Buckley,  P  B 
Smith,  W  Cleavelend,  R  W  Coffin,  T  G  Coffin,  C  H  Bunker,  A  S  Cleave- 
land, B  Stewart,  J  H  Bunting,  S  O  Fisher.  W  Dunham,  Jos  Wilbur.  R 
B  Marchant.  J  Cleaveland,  D  Keniston,  Dan  Smith,  S  C  Smith,  C  Vin- 
cent, W  Simpson.  T  T  Powers,  S  Pease,  C  G  Athern.  J  S  Norton.  C  P 
Smith,  J  Sprague,  C  Jernegan,  W  H  Mathew,  S  Norton.  B  C  Luce,  J 
Crowell,  J  Winslow,  J  Dexter,  A  D  Luce,  M  Norton,  B  Hillman,  J  Luce. 
G  W  Smith,  G  Luce,  E  L  Smith,  Geo  Smith.  A  Dunham,  J  L  Pease,  W 
B  Mayhew,  W  Jeffers,   Paul  and  Levi  Cuff,  H  Wamsley,  J  W  HoUister, 


500  THE  ARGONAUTS  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

0  Keene,  G  L  Clasby.  A  R  Baker,  J  W  Davis,  J  T  McLellan,  T  C  Os- 
borne, W  S  Butler. 

Bark  Sarah,  from  Edgartown,  September,'49. 

J  Morse,  J  H  Snow.  J  Dillingham,  C  Worth,  H  H  Smith,  L  W  Lewis, 
B  Kidder,  C  W  Smith,  W  H  King,  E  Stuart.  J  H  Munroe,  N  Starks,  A 

1  Fuller,  G  Fisher.  D  Dexter,  E  T  Wimbering,  F  R  Pease,  T  S  Look,  S 
Raymond,  P  Esau,  J  Mosley,  S  B  Norton.  S  Davis,  R  F  Norton,  C  Hux- 
ford.  J  W  Knowlton,  Wm  Pent,  S  Marchant,  Dan  Fisher,  J  Gray.  C 
Francis,  W  W  Butler,  C  E  Lewis,  B  Clark,  J  Sales,  F  K  Wertner,  W  H 
Macv.  E  Crocker,  T  Y  Mavhew,  Wm  Tilton,  J  N  Tilton,  Jos  Mayhew, 
C  Norton.  M  Look,  H  Weeks.  J  B  Nickerson,  U  P  Luce,  W  P  Sanford, 
T  C  Smith,  S  E  May,  E  Greenoch,  J  S  Betcher. 

Schooner  Chesapeake,  September,  '49  : 

J  Marble,  S  Borden,  W  B  Dean,  C  Alny,  W  Healy,  J  H  Warren,  M 
Nichols.  H  Healy.  W  M  Heskeith,  F  B  Wrightington,  T  H  Dix,  C 
Hatch,  I  T  Brownell,  Ben  Mott,  B  P  Brownell,  R  P  Woodman,  H  A 
Skinner,  J  Conner.'S  Spink,  D  Sullivan,  G  S  Bennett,  S  H  Anthony,  J 
W  Irving,  A  S  C  Lawton,  C  Warren,  B  P  Marple,  J  Brownell,  G  T  Law- 
ton,  T  Hallet. 

Ship  Friendship,  from  Fairhaven,  Aug.   '49: 

Capt  Stott,  J  H  Stackpole,  E  Folger,  Mrs  Stott,  Dr  S  Sawyer,  W  L 
B  J  erney,  S  Andrews,  I  W  Taber,  F  Bates,  C  E  Hussey,  J  A  Macomber, 
J  Sherman,  L  Martin,  R  T  Bisbee,  S  T  Nve,  W  L  Davis,  G  F  Allen,  W 
T  Ashley,  H  Morrison,  C  T  Mitchell,  E  I  Barrett,  F  P  Taber,  J  P  Davis, 
A  Wagoner,  E  T  Nye,  A  Roberts.  A  Andrews. 

Ship  Mary  Mitchell,  from  Fall  River,  Aug.  '49: 

Mrs  Barnard  and  child,  Mr  King,  Mr  Dean,  D  A  Brayton,  O  A  Gager, 
Jos  Leland,  J  H  Bradeen,  Jere  Bennett,  F  H  Munroe,  C  H  Briggs,  A  C 
Carpenter,  J  S  Place,  I  G  Thrasher,  S  H  Johnson,  P  French,  E  A  Har- 
low, C  F  Wrightington,  Ed  Bennett,  G  Winslow,  C  B  Fowler,  G  A 
Burt,  A  Backus,  S  G  Hathaway,  B  D  Webster,  A  Powell  &  wife,  D 
Carey  &  wife,  C  King,  C  Nowell,  E  French,  A  B  Borden,  J  Barnard, 
L  Anthony. 

Brig  Juno,  from  New  Bedford,  Aug.  '49  : 

E  TCook,  T  J  Lucas,  J  B  Wrightington,  T  D  Williams,  P  Brown,  J 
Barker,  Phil  Groves,  Zeno  Kelley,  A  P  Jenney,  S  Jenney,  L  Dexter,  B 
E  Bourne,  M  C  King,  S  Hezar,  O  H  Parker,  H  Groves,  R  Godfrey, 
J  II  Crittenden,  J  Jones,  W  H  Cummings,  J  A  Barker,  W  Cole,  M 
Alger. 

Ship  Fanny,  from  Holmes  Hole,  Aug  : 

Capt  Russell,  B  C  Sayer,  W  G  Chase,  R  R  Congdon,  J  Morrisey,  R 
C  Parker,  C  Capen,  J  Thompson,  P  C  Brock,  W  Bradbury,  A  Whippey, 
G  F  Worth,  E  Doane,  J  Hinckley,  T  S  Sayer,  J  B  Coffin,  A  S  Joy,  B  D 
Maxham,  C  F  Macy,  C  F  Brown,  H  Fitzgerald,  V  Riddell,  R  L  Smith, 
B  R  Burdett,  A  C  Russell,  G  S  Clark,  H  W  Derby,  A  Swain.  J  S  Rus- 
sell. R  B  Joy.  G  Fitch,  G  Meader,  W  H  Dodge,  B  Ray.  D  B  Chase.  J 
F  Macy.  J  W  Folger,  W  C  Bunker,  G  W  Coleman,  B  F  Coffin.  F  W 
Chase.  F  B  Pinkham,  G  F  Hammond.  B  F  Pease,  E  P  Raymond,  W  C 
Congdon. 


THE  ARGON  A  UTS  OF  CALIFORNIA.  501 

Ship  Olive  Branch,  from  New  Bedford,  Aug.  '49: 

G  J  Place,  H  P  Shearman,  S  R  Dana,  E  Babcock,  S  P  Pope,  C 
C  Reed,  W  A  Gardner,  J  as  Gifford,  C  C  Case,  J  Humphey,  J  D 
Parker,  G  C  Noyes,  H  Long,  A  N  Netting,  G  Howgate,  J  C  Carter, 
C  Tallman,  C  Hoyer. 

Brig  Robert,  from  Fall  River,  Oct.  '49  : 

T  D  Chaloner,  J  F  Pratt.  W  A  Burt,  E  H  Winchester,  N  Whalen,  Rt 
Porter,  J  H  Hathaway,  O  Hathaway,  Emery  Reed,  B  F  Clark,  Alf  Smith, 
H  R  Borden,  G  Collins,  A  Tisdale,  G  G  Chaloner,  T  J  Eddy,  D  A 
Arnold,  L  A  Grain,  A  G  Darol,  C  Sanford,  W  Cook,  Abm  Manchester, 
Eras  Hathaway,  J  Manchester,  Jabez  Manchester,  J  Fish,  H  M  Jackson, 
B  M  Hambly,  G  W  Paine,  S  R  Bragg,  L  Pickens,  E  L  Pratt,  E  Nichols, 
E  Harris,  J  T  Few,  J  Hathaway,  B  Grinnell,  P  D  Sherman,  S  C  Danforth, 
G  Collins. 

Ship  Gold  Hunter,  from  Fall  River,  '49: 

G  L  Sherman,  T  Langley,  D  Mclnnes,  J  Beaton,  T  Ashbrook,  R  C 
Whitney,  W  G  Rogers,  R  G  Sanford,  C  Broon,  F  H  Brow,  T  Coleman, 
J  Johnson,  R  Chatburn,  Sam  Brown. 

Bark  Otranto,  from  New  Bedford,  Aug.  '49: 

Capt  Wm  Howland,  W  F  Hussey,  J  Case,  J  Corrie,  T  R  Richetson, 
J  Perkins,  J  Allen,  A  Greene,  H  T  Leonard,  O  M  Brownell,  E  L  Foster, 
G  Chadwick,  M  Fisher,  C  H  Perry,  W  A  Pawn,  P  Y  Flynn,  H  An- 
thony, A  Besworth,  W  E  Manchester,  Hale  Luther,  D  Holley,  J  Sharpe, 
Geo  Williams,  E  B  Howland,  E  Southworth,  G  Deroll,  C  P  Cummings, 
Dan  Stowell,  R  G  Luce,  N  Tripp,  E  Nye. 

Ship  Citizen,  from  New  Bedford,  Aug.  '46: 

E  Howland,  A  S  Clark,  S  Vance,  G  H  Dunbar,  F  Robeson,  L  Hunt, 
Jos  Nye,  S  Pollay,  W  Spooner,  Enoch  Bearse,  J  Mellis,  F  W  Hatch, 
D  Chase,  J  Lewis,  F  Mesher,  B  Fuller,  L  Drinkwater,  E  B  Wood,  E  H 
Allen,  H  Allen,  L  Tripp,  C  Parker,  E  H  Auld,  D  B  Pierce,  T  Kirby,  L 
Hathaway,  A  B  Gaskell,  I  Flood. 


All  additional  names  of  Forty-niners  that  can  be  obtained,  will 
be  added  in  future  editions  of  this  work. 


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